1
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Eisenberg SM, Muddiman DC. Improved detection in untargeted lipidomics through silver-doped infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9832. [PMID: 38813623 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Silver doping of electrospray is known to increase the abundance of olefinic compounds detected by mass spectrometry. While demonstrated in targeted experiments, this has yet to be investigated in an untargeted study. Utilizing infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (IR-MALDESI-MSI), an untargeted lipidomics experiment on mouse liver was performed to evaluate the advantages of silver-doped electrospray. METHODS 10 ppm silver nitrate was doped into the IR-MALDESI solvent consisting of 60% acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid. Using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer in positive ionization mode, MSI was performed, analyzing from m/z 150 to m/z 2000 to capture all lipids with potential silver adducts. The lipids detected in the control and silver-doped electrosprays were compared by annotating using the LIPID MAPS Structural Database and eliminating false positives using the metabolite annotation confidence score. RESULTS Silver-doped electrospray allowed for the detection of such ions of lipid molecules as [M + H]+ or [M + NH4]+ and as [M + Ag]+. Among the ions seen as [M + H]+ or [M + NH4]+, the signal was comparable between the control and silver-doped electrosprays. The silver-doped electrospray led to a 10% increase in the number of detected lipids, all of which contained a bay region increasing the interaction between silver and alkenes. Silver preferentially interacted with lipids that did not contain hard bases such as phosphates. CONCLUSIONS Silver-doped electrospray enabled detection of 10% more olefinic lipids, all containing bay regions in their putative structures. This technique is valuable for detecting previously unobserved lipids that have the potential to form bay regions, namely fatty acyls, glycerolipids, prenol lipids, and polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Eisenberg
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Huang S, Righetti L, Claassen FW, Krishna A, Ma M, van Beek TA, Chen B, Zuilhof H, Salentijn GIJ. Ultrafast, Selective, and Highly Sensitive Nonchromatographic Analysis of Fourteen Cannabinoids in Cannabis Extracts, Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabinol Synthetic Mixtures, and Edibles by Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10170-10181. [PMID: 38862388 PMCID: PMC11209660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The diversity of cannabinoid isomers and complexity of Cannabis products pose significant challenges for analytical methodologies. In this study, we developed a method to analyze 14 different cannabinoid isomers in diverse samples within milliseconds by leveraging the unique adduct-forming behavior of silver ions in advanced cyclic ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry. The developed method achieved the separation of isomers from four groups of cannabinoids: Δ3-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (1), Δ8-THC (2), Δ9-THC (3), cannabidiol (CBD) (4), Δ8-iso-THC (5), and Δ(4)8-iso-THC (6) (all MW = 314); 9α-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol (7), 9β-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol (8), and 8-hydroxy-iso-THC (9) (all MW = 332); tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) (10) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) (11) (both MW = 358); Δ8-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) (12), Δ8-iso-THCV (13), and Δ9-THCV (14) (all MW = 286). Moreover, experimental and theoretical traveling wave collision cross section values in nitrogen (TWCCSN2) of cannabinoid-Ag(I) species were obtained for the first time with an average error between experimental and theoretical values of 2.6%. Furthermore, a workflow for the identification of cannabinoid isomers in Cannabis and Cannabis-derived samples was established based on three identification steps (m/z and isotope pattern of Ag(I) adducts, TWCCSN2, and MS/MS fragments). Afterward, calibration curves of three major cannabinoids were established with a linear range of 1-250 ng·ml-1 for Δ8-THC (2) (R2 = 0.9999), 0.1-25 ng·ml-1 for Δ9-THC (3) (R2 = 0.9987), and 0.04-10 ng·ml-1 for CBD (4) (R2 = 0.9986) as well as very low limits of detection (0.008-0.2 ng·ml-1). Finally, relative quantification of Δ8-THC (2), Δ9-THC (3), and CBD (4) in eight complex acid-treated CBD mixtures was achieved without chromatographic separation. The results showed good correspondence (R2 = 0.999) with those obtained by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection/mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of
Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, No.36, Lushan Road, Changsha 410081, China
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The
Netherlands
| | - Laura Righetti
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The
Netherlands
- Wageningen
Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen
University & Research, P.O. Box 230, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Frank W. Claassen
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The
Netherlands
| | - Akash Krishna
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The
Netherlands
| | - Ming Ma
- Key
Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of
Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, No.36, Lushan Road, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Teris A. van Beek
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The
Netherlands
| | - Bo Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of
Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, No.36, Lushan Road, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Key
Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of
Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, No.36, Lushan Road, Changsha 410081, China
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The
Netherlands
| | - Gert IJ. Salentijn
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The
Netherlands
- Wageningen
Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen
University & Research, P.O. Box 230, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands
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3
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Nassar AF, Nie X, Zhang T, Yeung J, Norris P, He J, Ogura H, Babar MU, Muldoon A, Libreros S, Chen L. Is Lipid Metabolism of Value in Cancer Research and Treatment? Part I- Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. Metabolites 2024; 14:312. [PMID: 38921447 PMCID: PMC11205345 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
For either healthy or diseased organisms, lipids are key components for cellular membranes; they play important roles in numerous cellular processes including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, energy storage and signaling. Exercise and disease development are examples of cellular environment alterations which produce changes in these networks. There are indications that alterations in lipid metabolism contribute to the development and progression of a variety of cancers. Measuring such alterations and understanding the pathways involved is critical to fully understand cellular metabolism. The demands for this information have led to the emergence of lipidomics, which enables the large-scale study of lipids using mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. Mass spectrometry has been widely used in lipidomics and allows us to analyze detailed lipid profiles of cancers. In this article, we discuss emerging strategies for lipidomics by mass spectrometry; targeted, as opposed to global, lipid analysis provides an exciting new alternative method. Additionally, we provide an introduction to lipidomics, lipid categories and their major biological functions, along with lipidomics studies by mass spectrometry in cancer samples. Further, we summarize the importance of lipid metabolism in oncology and tumor microenvironment, some of the challenges for lipodomics, and the potential for targeted approaches for screening pharmaceutical candidates to improve the therapeutic efficacy of treatment in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala F. Nassar
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Xinxin Nie
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Jacky Yeung
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Paul Norris
- Sciex, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Jianwei He
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Hideki Ogura
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Muhammad Usman Babar
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anne Muldoon
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Stephania Libreros
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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4
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Yu B, Zhan R, Hu Y, Lv Z. Mass Spectrometry Imaging: An Emerging Technology in Medical Parasitology. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8011-8020. [PMID: 38579105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingcheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511493, China
| | - Rongjian Zhan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511493, China
| | - Zhiyue Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511493, China
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Haikou, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
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5
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Desyaterik Y, Mwangi JN, McRae M, Jones AM, Kashuba ADM, Rosen EP. Application of infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for morphine imaging in brain tissue. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5809-5817. [PMID: 37490153 PMCID: PMC10474208 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a method developed for the analysis of spatial distributions of morphine in mouse brain tissue using infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) coupled to a Q Exactive Plus mass spectrometer. The method is also capable of evaluating spatial distributions of the antiretroviral drug abacavir. To maximize sensitivity to morphine, we analyze various Orbitrap mass spectrometry acquisition modes utilizing signal abundance and frequency of detection as evaluation criteria. We demonstrate detection of morphine in mouse brain and establish that the selected ion monitoring mode provides 2.5 times higher sensitivity than the full-scan mode. We find that distributions of morphine and abacavir are highly correlated with the Pearson correlation coefficient R = 0.87. Calibration showed that instrument response is linear up to 40 pg/mm2 (3.8 μg/g of tissue).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Desyaterik
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | | | - MaryPeace McRae
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Austin M Jones
- School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Angela D M Kashuba
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elias P Rosen
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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6
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Addepalli RV, Mullangi R. A concise review on lipidomics analysis in biological samples. ADMET AND DMPK 2020; 9:1-22. [PMID: 35299875 PMCID: PMC8923307 DOI: 10.5599/admet.913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a complex and critical heterogeneous molecular entity, playing an intricate and key role in understanding biological activities and disease processes. Lipidomics aims to quantitatively define the lipid classes, including their molecular species. The analysis of the biological tissues and fluids are challenging due to the extreme sample complexity and occurrence of the molecular species as isomers or isobars. This review documents the overview of lipidomics workflow, beginning from the approaches of sample preparation, various analytical techniques and emphasizing the state-of-the-art mass spectrometry either by shotgun or coupled with liquid chromatography. We have considered the latest ion mobility spectroscopy technologies to deal with the vast number of structural isomers, different imaging techniques. All these techniques have their pitfalls and we have discussed how to circumvent them after reviewing the power of each technique with examples..
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh Mullangi
- Laxai Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, MN Park, Genome Valley, Shamirpet, Hyderabad-500 078, India
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7
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Xi Y, Tu A, Muddiman DC. Lipidomic profiling of single mammalian cells by infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI). Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:8211-8222. [PMID: 32989513 PMCID: PMC7606626 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To better understand cell-to-cell heterogeneity, advanced analytical tools are in a growing demand for elucidating chemical compositions of each cell within a population. However, the progress of single-cell chemical analysis has been restrained by the limitations of small cell volumes and minute cellular concentrations. Here, we present a rapid and sensitive method for investigating the lipid profiles of isolated single cells using infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (IR-MALDESI-MS). In this work, HeLa cells were dispersed onto a glass slide, and the cellular contents were ionized by IR-MALDESI and measured using a Q-Exactive HF-X mass spectrometer. Importantly, this approach does not require extraction and/or enrichment of analytes prior to MS analysis. Using this approach, 45 distinct lipid species, predominantly phospholipids, were detected and putatively annotated from the single HeLa cells. The proof-of-concept study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of IR-MALDESI-MS for rapid lipidomic profiling of single cells, which provides an important basis for future work on differentiation between normal and diseased cells at various developmental states, which can offer new insights into cellular metabolic pathways and pathological processes. Although not yet accomplished, we believe this approach can be readily used as an assessment tool to compare the number of identified species during source evolution and method optimization (intra-laboratory), and also disclose the complementary nature of different direct analytical approaches for the coverage of different types of endogenous analytes (inter-laboratory).Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xi
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Anqi Tu
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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8
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Caleb Bagley M, Ekelöf M, Muddiman DC. Determination of Optimal Electrospray Parameters for Lipidomics in Infrared-Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:319-325. [PMID: 32031399 PMCID: PMC10861021 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (IR-MALDESI) is an ambient mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) technique that relies on electrospray ionization (ESI) for ion generation of desorbed neutrals. Although many mechanisms in IR-MALDESI have been studied in depth, there has not yet been a comprehensive study of how the ESI parameters change the profiles of tissue specific lipids. Acetonitrile (ACN)/water and methanol (MeOH)/water solvent systems and compositions were varied across a series of applied ESI voltages during IR-MALDESI analysis of rat liver tissue. Gradients of 12 min were run from 5 to 95% organic solvent in both positive and negative polarities across 11 voltages between 2.25 and 4.5 kV. These experiments informed longer gradients (25-30 min) across shorter solvent gradient ranges with fewer voltages. Optimal ESI parameters for lipidomics were determined by the number and abundance of detected lipids and the relative proportion of background ions. In positive polarity, the best solvent composition was 60-75% ACN/40-25% H2O with 0.2% formic acid at 3.2 kV applied voltage. The best parameters for negative polarity analysis are 45-55% ACN/55-45% H2O with 1 mM of acetic acid for voltages between 2.25 and 3.2 kV. Using these defined parameters, IR-MALDESI positive polarity lipidomics studies can increase lipid abundances 3-fold, with 15% greater coverage, while an abundance increase of 1.5-fold and 10% more coverage can be achieved relative to commonly used parameters in negative polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Caleb Bagley
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Måns Ekelöf
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - David C. Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
- Molecular Education, Technology, and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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9
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Tu A, Muddiman DC. Internal Energy Deposition in Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization With and Without the Use of Ice as a Matrix. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2380-2391. [PMID: 31502226 PMCID: PMC6937789 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The internal energy deposited into analytes during the ionization process largely influences the extent of fragmentation, thus the appearance of the resulting mass spectrum. The internal energy distributions of a series of para-substituted benzyl pyridinium cations in liquid and solid-state generated by infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) were measured using the survival yield method, of which results were subsequently compared with conventional electrospray ionization (ESI). The comparable mean internal energy values (e.g., 1.8-1.9 eV at a collision energy of 15 eV) and peak widths obtained with IR-MALDESI and ESI support that IR-MALDESI are essentially a soft ionization technique where analytes do not gain considerable internal energy during the laser-induced desorption process and/or lose energy during uptake into charged electrospray droplets. An unusual fragment ion, protonated pyridine, was only found for solid IR-MALDESI at relatively high collision energies, which is presumably resulted from direct ionization of the pre-charged analytes in form of salts. Analysis of tissue with an ice layer consistently yielded ion populations with higher internal energy than its counterpart without an ice layer, likely due to a substantially enhanced number of IR absorbers with ice. Further measurements with holo-myoglobin show that IR-MALDESI-MS retains the noncovalently bound heme-protein complexes under both native-like and denaturing conditions, while complete loss of the heme group occurred in denaturing ESI-MS, showing that the softness of IR-MALDESI is equivalent or superior to ESI for biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Tu
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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10
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Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Cholesterol. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1115:155-166. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-04278-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Li LH, Dutkiewicz EP, Huang YC, Zhou HB, Hsu CC. Analytical methods for cholesterol quantification. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 27:375-386. [PMID: 30987710 PMCID: PMC9296199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important lipid molecule in cell membranes and lipoproteins. Cholesterol is also a precursors of steroid hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D. Abnormal levels of cholesterol or its precursors have been observed in various human diseases, such as heart diseases, stroke, type II diabetes, brain diseases and many others. Therefore, accurate quantification of cholesterol is important for individuals who are at increased risk for these diseases. Multiple analytical methods have been developed for analysis of cholesterol, including classical chemical methods, enzymatic assays, gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), and mass spectrometry (MS). Strategy known as ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS), operating at atmospheric pressure, with only minimal sample pretreatments for real time, in situ, and rapid interrogation of the sample has also been employed for quantification of cholesterol. In this review, we summarize the most prevalent methods for cholesterol quantification in biological samples and foods. Nevertheless, we highlight several new technologies, such as AIMS, used as alternative methods to measure cholesterol that are potentially next-generation platforms. Representative examples of molecular imaging of cholesterol in tissue sections are also included in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Ewelina P. Dutkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Bai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. E-mail address: (C.-C. Hsu)
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12
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Duncan KD, Fang R, Yuan J, Chu RK, Dey SK, Burnum-Johnson KE, Lanekoff I. Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Prostaglandins as Silver Ion Adducts with Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7246-7252. [PMID: 29676905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PG) are an important class of lipid biomolecules that are essential in many biological processes, including inflammation and successful pregnancy. Despite a high bioactivity, physiological concentrations are typically low, which makes direct mass spectrometric analysis of endogenous PG species challenging. Consequently, there have not been any studies investigating PG localization to specific morphological regions in tissue sections using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) techniques. Herein, we show that silver ions, added to the solvent used for nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) MSI, enhances the ionization of PGs and enables nano-DESI MSI of several species in uterine tissue from day 4 pregnant mice. It was found that detection of [PG + Ag]+ ions increased the sensitivity by ∼30 times, when compared to [PG - H]- ions. Further, the addition of isotopically labeled internal standards enabled generation of quantitative ion images for the detected PG species. Increased sensitivity and quantitative MSI enabled the first proof-of-principle results detailing PG localization in mouse uterus tissue sections. These results show that PG species primarily localized to cellular regions of the luminal epithelium and glandular epithelium in uterine tissue. Further, this study provides a unique scaffold for future studies investigating the PG distribution within biological tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Duncan
- Department of Chemistry-BMC , Uppsala University , SE-751 24 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Ru Fang
- Department of Chemistry-BMC , Uppsala University , SE-751 24 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Jia Yuan
- Division of Reproductive Sciences , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , Ohio 45229 , United States
| | - Rosalie K Chu
- Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Sudhansu K Dey
- Division of Reproductive Sciences , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , Ohio 45229 , United States
| | - Kristin E Burnum-Johnson
- Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Ingela Lanekoff
- Department of Chemistry-BMC , Uppsala University , SE-751 24 Uppsala , Sweden
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13
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Zietek BM, Mengerink Y, Jordens J, Somsen GW, Kool J, Honing M. Adduct-ion formation in trapped ion mobility spectrometry as a potential tool for studying molecular structures and conformations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-017-0227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bokhart MT, Manni J, Garrard KP, Ekelöf M, Nazari M, Muddiman DC. IR-MALDESI Mass Spectrometry Imaging at 50 Micron Spatial Resolution. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2099-2107. [PMID: 28721672 PMCID: PMC5693761 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
High spatial resolution in mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is crucial to understanding the biology dictated by molecular distributions in complex tissue systems. Here, we present MSI using infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) at 50 μm resolution. An adjustable iris, beam expander, and an aspherical focusing lens were used to reduce tissue ablation diameters for MSI at high resolution. The laser beam caustic was modeled using laser ablation paper to calculate relevant laser beam characteristics. The minimum laser spot diameter on the tissue was determined using tissue staining and microscopy. Finally, the newly constructed optical system was used to image hen ovarian tissue with and without oversampling, detailing tissue features at 50 μm resolution. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Bokhart
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | | | - Kenneth P Garrard
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Precision Engineering Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Måns Ekelöf
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Milad Nazari
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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15
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Nazari M, Malico AA, Ekelöf M, Lund S, Williams GJ, Muddiman DC. Direct analysis of terpenes from biological buffer systems using SESI and IR-MALDESI. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:953-962. [PMID: 28819677 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes are the largest class of natural products with a wide range of applications including use as pharmaceuticals, fragrances, flavorings, and agricultural products. Terpenes are biosynthesized by the condensation of a variable number of isoprene units resulting in linear polyisoprene diphosphate units, which can then be cyclized by terpene synthases into a range of complex structures. While these cyclic structures have immense diversity and potential in different applications, their direct analysis in biological buffer systems requires intensive sample preparation steps such as salt cleanup, extraction with organic solvents, and chromatographic separations. Electrospray post-ionization can be used to circumvent many sample cleanup and desalting steps. SESI and IR-MALDESI are two examples of ionization methods that employ electrospray post-ionization at atmospheric pressure and temperature. By coupling the two techniques and doping the electrospray solvent with silver ions, olefinic terpenes of different classes and varying degrees of volatility were directly analyzed from a biological buffer system with no sample workup steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Nazari
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Alexandra A Malico
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Måns Ekelöf
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Sean Lund
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,, Amyris Inc, 5885 Hollis St Ste., Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Gavin J Williams
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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16
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Bokhart MT, Muddiman DC. Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging analysis of biospecimens. Analyst 2016; 141:5236-45. [PMID: 27484166 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01189f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a technique well suited for analysis of biological specimens. This tutorial review focuses on recent advancements and applications of IR-MALDESI MSI to better understand key biological questions. Through optimization of user-defined source parameters, comprehensive and quantitative MSI data can be obtained for a variety of analytes. The effect of an ice matrix layer is well defined in the context of desorption dynamics and resulting ion abundance. Optimized parameters and careful control of conditions affords quantitative MSI data which provides valuable information for targeted, label-free drug distribution studies and untargeted metabolomic datasets. Challenges and limitations of MSI using IR-MALDESI are addressed in the context of the bioimaging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Bokhart
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
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17
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Trim PJ, Snel MF. Small molecule MALDI MS imaging: Current technologies and future challenges. Methods 2016; 104:127-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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18
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TransOmic analysis of forebrain sections in Sp2 conditional knockout embryonic mice using IR-MALDESI imaging of lipids and LC-MS/MS label-free proteomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:3453-74. [PMID: 26942738 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative methods for detection of biological molecules are needed more than ever before in the emerging age of "omics" and "big data." Here, we provide an integrated approach for systematic analysis of the "lipidome" in tissue. To test our approach in a biological context, we utilized brain tissue selectively deficient for the transcription factor Specificity Protein 2 (Sp2). Conditional deletion of Sp2 in the mouse cerebral cortex results in developmental deficiencies including disruption of lipid metabolism. Silver (Ag) cationization was implemented for infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) to enhance the ion abundances for olefinic lipids, as these have been linked to regulation by Sp2. Combining Ag-doped and conventional IR-MALDESI imaging, this approach was extended to IR-MALDESI imaging of embryonic mouse brains. Further, our imaging technique was combined with bottom-up shotgun proteomic LC-MS/MS analysis and western blot for comparing Sp2 conditional knockout (Sp2-cKO) and wild-type (WT) cortices of tissue sections. This provided an integrated omics dataset which revealed many specific changes to fundamental cellular processes and biosynthetic pathways. In particular, step-specific altered abundances of nucleotides, lipids, and associated proteins were observed in the cerebral cortices of Sp2-cKO embryos.
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19
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Pont L, Benavente F, Jaumot J, Tauler R, Alberch J, Ginés S, Barbosa J, Sanz-Nebot V. Metabolic profiling for the identification of Huntington biomarkers by on-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry combined with advanced data analysis tools. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:795-808. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pont
- Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Fernando Benavente
- Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Joaquim Jaumot
- Department of Environmental Chemistry; IDAEA-CSIC; Barcelona Spain
| | - Romà Tauler
- Department of Environmental Chemistry; IDAEA-CSIC; Barcelona Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Institut d′Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Madrid Spain
| | - Silvia Ginés
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Institut d′Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Madrid Spain
| | - José Barbosa
- Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Victoria Sanz-Nebot
- Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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20
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Crecelius AC, Schubert US, von Eggeling F. MALDI mass spectrometric imaging meets “omics”: recent advances in the fruitful marriage. Analyst 2015; 140:5806-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00990a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI MSI) is a method that allows the investigation of the molecular content of surfaces, in particular, tissues, within its morphological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Crecelius
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - U. S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - F. von Eggeling
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
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