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Sardenne F, Raynon T, Munaron JM, van der Lingen CD, Sadio O, Diop K, Brosset P, Lebigre C, Soudant P, Vagner M, Pecquerie L. Lipid-correction models for δ 13C values across small pelagic fishes (Clupeiformes) from the Atlantic Ocean. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106213. [PMID: 37783159 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The interpretation of δ13C values in trophic ecology requires standardization of the lipid content of organisms estimated through their C:N ratio. To avoid time-consuming lipid extractions, the use of mathematical corrections has been developed for many years, and the conclusions generally point in the direction of species-specific adjustment of the models. This study aimed at defining the maximum taxonomic level required to obtain the best corrected δ13C values in small pelagic fish of the order Clupeiformes. δ13C values of six species were analyzed bulk and lipid-free, and were used to fit and validate linear and mass-balance models at different taxonomic levels. Despite a species effect combined with the C:N ratio effect, the corrected δ13C values produced by a global model for the Clupeiformes were as good as or better when compared to lipid-free samples than those produced by species-specific models, paving the way for possible generalization to other species in this order. At the order level, the linear model outperformed the mass-balance model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fany Sardenne
- IRD, Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Thomas Raynon
- IRD, Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Carl D van der Lingen
- Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Oumar Sadio
- IRD, Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Khady Diop
- IRD, Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Pablo Brosset
- UMR DECOD, Ifremer, INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Philippe Soudant
- IRD, Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Marie Vagner
- IRD, Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Laure Pecquerie
- IRD, Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
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2
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Muñoz-Abril L, Valle CA, Alava JJ, Janssen SE, Sunderland EM, Rubianes-Landázuri F, Emslie SD. Elevated Mercury Concentrations and Isotope Signatures (N, C, Hg) in Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) from the Galápagos Marine Reserve and Waters off Ecuador. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2732-2744. [PMID: 35975428 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We examined how dietary factors recorded by C and N influence Hg uptake in 347 individuals of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), an important subsistence resource from the Galápagos Marine Reserve (Ecuador) and the Ecuadorian mainland coast in 2015-2016. We found no differences in total Hg (THg) measured in red muscle between the two regions and no seasonal differences, likely due to the age of the fish and slow elimination rates of Hg. Our THg concentrations are comparable to those of other studies in the Pacific (0.20-9.60 mg/kg wet wt), but a subset of individuals exhibited the highest Hg concentrations yet reported in yellowfin tuna. Mercury isotope values differed between Δ199 Hg and δ202Hg in both regions (Δ199 Hg = 2.86 ± 0.04‰ vs. Δ199 Hg = 2.33 ± 0.07‰), likely related to shifting food webs and differing photochemical processing of Hg prior to entry into the food web. There were significantly lower values of both δ15 N and δ13 C in tuna from Galápagos Marine Reserve (δ15 N: 8.5-14.2‰, δ13 C: -18.5 to -16.1‰) compared with those from the Ecuadorian mainland coast (δ15 N: 8.3-14.4‰, δ13 C: -19.4 to -11.9‰), of which δ13 C values suggest spatially constrained movements of tuna. Results from the pooled analysis, without considering region, indicated that variations in δ13 C and δ15 N values tracked changes of Hg stable isotopes. Our data indicate that the individual tuna we used were resident fish of each region and were heavily influenced by upwellings related to the eastern Pacific oxygen minimum zone and the Humboldt Current System. The isotopes C, N, and Hg reflect foraging behavior mainly on epipelagic prey in shallow waters and that food web shifts drive Hg variations between these populations of tuna. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2732-2744. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Muñoz-Abril
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
- Galápagos Science Center, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, Ecuador
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Carlos A Valle
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
- Galápagos Science Center, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, Ecuador
| | - Juan José Alava
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah E Janssen
- Upper Midwest Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Middleton, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elsie M Sunderland
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francisco Rubianes-Landázuri
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
- Galápagos Science Center, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, Ecuador
| | - Steven D Emslie
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
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3
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Médieu A, Sardenne F, Lorrain A, Bodin N, Pazart C, Le Delliou H, Point D. Lipid-free tuna muscle samples are suitable for total mercury analysis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105385. [PMID: 34119917 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tropical tunas are largely consumed worldwide, providing major nutritional benefits to humans, but also representing the main exposure to methylmercury, a potent neurotoxin that biomagnifies along food webs. The combination of ecological tracers (nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes, δ15N and δ13C) to mercury concentrations in tunas is scarce yet crucial to better characterize the influence of tuna foraging ecology on mercury exposure and bioaccumulation. Given the difficulties to get modern and historical tuna samples, analyses have to be done on available and unique samples. However, δ13C values are often analysed on lipid-free samples to avoid bias related to lipid content. While lipid extraction with non-polar solvents is known to have no effect on δ15N values, its impact on mercury concentrations is still unclear. We used white muscle tissues of three tropical tuna species to evaluate the efficiency and repeatability of different lipid extraction protocols commonly used in δ13C and δ15N analysis. Dichloromethane was more efficient than cyclohexane in extracting lipids in tuna muscle, while the automated method appeared more efficient but as repeatable as the manual method. Lipid extraction with dichloromethane had no effect on mercury concentrations. This may result from i) the affinity of methylmercury to proteins in tuna flesh, ii) the low lipid content in tropical tuna muscle samples, and iii) the non-polar nature of dichloromethane. Our study suggests that lipid-free samples, usually prepared for tropical tuna foraging ecology research, can be used equivalently to bulk samples to document in parallel mercury concentrations at a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Médieu
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Fany Sardenne
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Anne Lorrain
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Nathalie Bodin
- Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles; Sustainable Ocean Seychelles (SOS), BeauBelle, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - Chloé Pazart
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Hervé Le Delliou
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - David Point
- Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, GET, UMR CNRS 5563/IRD 234, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
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Rea LD, Castellini JM, Avery JP, Fadely BS, Burkanov VN, Rehberg MJ, O'Hara TM. Regional variations and drivers of mercury and selenium concentrations in Steller sea lions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140787. [PMID: 32717470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) can be neurotoxic to mammals and impact reproduction, whereas selenium (Se) is an important antioxidant known to ameliorate some adverse effects of Hg. Total Hg concentrations ([THg]) were measured in lanugo (pelage grown in utero) of 812 Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) pups across Alaska and Russia to assess fetal exposure during late gestation. The molar ratio of total Se to THg (TSe:THg) was determined in whole blood collected from 291 pups. Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen were measured in sections of vibrissae (whiskers, n = 498) and in lanugo (n = 480) of pups grown during late gestation to track diet variations among adult females that can drive Hg and Se exposure during this critical fetal development period. Lanugo [THg] ranged from 1.4 to 73.7 μg/g dry weight with the lowest median [THg] in Southeast Alaska. Pups from the Western Aleutian Islands had higher median lanugo [THg] than pups from other metapopulations in Alaska. Over 25% of pups in the Western Aleutian Islands had [THg] above published risk thresholds (20 μg/g) for other mammals. Whole blood molar TSe:THg was significantly lower in the Western Aleutian Islands and in some parts of the Central Aleutian Islands with higher molar ratios found in the Eastern Aleutian Islands and Central Gulf of Alaska. This suggests a limitation on potential protective functions of Se in the western regions with the highest relative [THg]. The Central Aleutian Island pups with [THg] over 20 μg/g had higher δ15N ratios than pups with lower [THg] suggesting dams consuming higher trophic level prey is a key driver for Hg exposure. However, regional differences likely reflect variability in diet of the dam during gestation and in Hg food web dynamics between oceanic regimes east and west of key passes in the Aleutian Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Rea
- Institute of Northern Engineering, Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Anchorage, AK 99518, USA.
| | - J M Castellini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
| | - J P Avery
- Institute of Northern Engineering, Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
| | - B S Fadely
- Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - V N Burkanov
- Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115, USA; Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Geographical Institute, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Partizanskaya Street, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 683000, Russia.
| | - M J Rehberg
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Anchorage, AK 99518, USA.
| | - T M O'Hara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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5
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Munschy C, Vigneau E, Bely N, Héas-Moisan K, Olivier N, Pollono C, Hollanda S, Bodin N. Legacy and emerging organic contaminants: Levels and profiles in top predator fish from the western Indian Ocean in relation to their trophic ecology. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109761. [PMID: 32562947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tuna and billfish are large pelagic fish of ecological importance in open oceans. As top predators with a long lifespan, they are prone to exposure to various contaminants such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and contaminants of emerging concern. In this study, three pollutant families were investigated, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs). Contamination was investigated in individuals from three tropical tuna species, namely bigeye (Thunnus obesus), skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) and yellowfin (Thunnusalbacares) tunas and the billfish swordfish (Xiphias gladius), collected from various areas of the western Indian Ocean (WIO) in 2013-2014. Contamination levels and profiles were examined in fish muscle, together with biological parameters (fish length / age, sex, lipid content) and ecological tracers (carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes). POP levels were low in all species in comparison to other locations worldwide, revealing a low impact of anthropogenic organic contaminants in the WIO. A predominance of OCPs (especially DDTs) versus PCBs was highlighted in all species; PFASs were predominant over chlorinated POPs in tunas. Among the studied PFASs, long-chain PFCAs were found to prevail over PFOS in all species. Organic contaminant profiles differed across species according to their foraging habitat; swordfish and bigeye tuna, which both feed in deep oceanic layers, showed similarities in their contaminant profiles. Geographically, the distinct DDT profiles of fish from the Mozambique Channel suggested an exposure to different DDT sources, in line with regional use of this insecticide and coupled with an extended residence time of fish in the Channel. To our knowledge, the data presented here are among the first obtained for legacy and emerging organic contaminants in various species of large pelagic predators from the WIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Munschy
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - E Vigneau
- StatSC, ONIRIS, INRA, 44322, Nantes, France
| | - N Bely
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - K Héas-Moisan
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - N Olivier
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - C Pollono
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - S Hollanda
- SFA (Seychelles Fishing Authority), Fishing Port, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - N Bodin
- SFA (Seychelles Fishing Authority), Fishing Port, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles; Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), UMR MARBEC, Fishing Port, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
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6
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Cloyed CS, DaCosta KP, Hodanbosi MR, Carmichael RH. The effects of lipid extraction on δ
13
C and δ
15
N values and use of lipid‐correction models across tissues, taxa and trophic groups. Methods Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl S. Cloyed
- University Programs Dauphin Island Sea Lab Dauphin Island AL USA
| | - Kayla P. DaCosta
- University Programs Dauphin Island Sea Lab Dauphin Island AL USA
- Department of Marine Sciences University of South Alabama Mobile AL USA
| | - Matthew R. Hodanbosi
- University Programs Dauphin Island Sea Lab Dauphin Island AL USA
- Department of Marine Sciences University of South Alabama Mobile AL USA
| | - Ruth H. Carmichael
- University Programs Dauphin Island Sea Lab Dauphin Island AL USA
- Department of Marine Sciences University of South Alabama Mobile AL USA
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McCloskey M, Yurkowski DJ, Semeniuk CAD. Validating fin tissue as a non-lethal proxy to liver and muscle tissue for stable isotope analysis of yellow perch (Perca flavescens). ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2018; 54:196-208. [PMID: 29092625 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2017.1391242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope ecology typically involves sacrificing the animal to obtain tissues. However, with threatened species or in long-term longitudinal studies, non-lethal sampling techniques should be used. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine if caudal fin tissue could be used as a non-lethal proxy to liver and muscle for stable isotope analysis, and (2) assess the effects of ethanol preservation on δ15N and δ13C in fin tissue of juvenile yellow perch Perca flavescens. The δ13C of caudal fin was not significantly different from liver (t23 = -0.58; p = 0.57), and was more correlated with δ15N in liver (r2 = 0.78) than muscle (r2 = 0.56). Ethanol preservation enriched 15N and 13C for caudal fins, but by using our developed regression models, these changes in δ15N and δ13C can now be corrected. Overall, caudal fin tissue is a more reliable proxy to liver than muscle for δ15N and δ13C in yellow perch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan McCloskey
- a Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research , University of Windsor , Windsor , Canada
| | - David J Yurkowski
- a Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research , University of Windsor , Windsor , Canada
| | - Christina A D Semeniuk
- a Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research , University of Windsor , Windsor , Canada
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8
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Bergstrom CA, Reimchen TE. Isotopic trophic segregation associated with asymmetry direction in a polymorphic flatfish, Platichthys stellatus (Pleuronectiformes: Pleuronectidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Bergstrom
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, AK, USA
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9
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Nahon S, Séité S, Kolasinski J, Aguirre P, Geurden I. Effects of euthanasia methods on stable carbon (δ 13 C value) and nitrogen (δ 15 N value) isotopic compositions of fry and juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1742-1748. [PMID: 28805256 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses of fish tissues are now commonly used in ecological studies but mostly require the sacrifice of the animal. Ethical considerations recommend the use of anesthetics for tissue sampling. This study examines how anesthetics affect stable isotope ratios of fish compared with other euthanasia methods. METHODS Rainbow trout fry and juveniles were sacrificed using ice-freezing (as this common method used to kill fish does not affect natural isotopic ratios), electronarcosis or an overdose of chemical anesthetics (2-phenoxyethanol, benzocaine and clove oil). For fry, we sampled the whole animal whereas, for juveniles, white dorsal muscle, liver, red blood cells, plasma, external tegument and pectoral fin were sampled. Isotopic ratios and the elemental compositions of carbon and nitrogen were then measured. RESULTS The δ15 N values, and the C and N contents of all considered tissues as well as δ13 C values of muscle, liver, red blood cells and plasma, were not affected by the use of chemical anesthetics. Clove oil and to a lesser extent 2-phenoxyethanol and benzocaine decreased δ13 C values of whole fry and juvenile external tegument and pectoral fin. The use of electronarcosis drastically affects the δ13 C and δ15 N values of all fish tissues. CONCLUSIONS Anesthetics should be avoided for δ13 C analysis when tissues are in contact with the water containing the anesthetic. Ice-immersion has to be preferred when approved by guidelines. If not, benzocaine and 2-phenoxyethanol should be preferred over clove oil. Electronarcosis should not be used to kill fish until further investigations are performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nahon
- UMR1419 Nutrition, Métabolisme et Aquaculture NuMéA, AquaPôle INRA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sarah Séité
- UMR1419 Nutrition, Métabolisme et Aquaculture NuMéA, AquaPôle INRA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Joanna Kolasinski
- UMR ENTROPIE CNRS 9220 IRD 450 Université de La Réunion, 15 avenue René Cassin CS 92003, 97744, St Denis cedex 9, La Réunion, France
| | - Pierre Aguirre
- UMR1419 Nutrition, Métabolisme et Aquaculture NuMéA, AquaPôle INRA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Inge Geurden
- UMR1419 Nutrition, Métabolisme et Aquaculture NuMéA, AquaPôle INRA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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10
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Cresson P, Travers-Trolet M, Rouquette M, Timmerman CA, Giraldo C, Lefebvre S, Ernande B. Underestimation of chemical contamination in marine fish muscle tissue can be reduced by considering variable wet:dry weight ratios. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 123:279-285. [PMID: 28826922 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Whether considered as a risk for human health or as ecological tracers, contaminants' concentrations measured in fish muscles are commonly expressed relative to wet or dry mass. Comparison of results required conversion factors (CF) but accurate values are scarce and case-specific. The present paper is aimed at investigating errors linked with the use of the theoretical value. Muscles dry and wet masses were measured in 15 fish species to determine the actual CF. Most CF were lower than the theoretical wet:dry ratio of 5 classically used, with variations at individual and species level. Muscle lipid content (inferred by C/N ratios) was a crucial factor explaining discrepancies, claiming for caution when working with lipid-rich species. The observed variability demonstrated that using the theoretical CF may be inaccurate, when actual CF largely differs from the theoretical value. Dedicated measurement is the better approach when accuracy is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cresson
- Ifremer, HMMN, Centre Manche - Mer du Nord, BP 669, F-62 321 Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | | | - Manuel Rouquette
- Ifremer, HMMN, Centre Manche - Mer du Nord, BP 669, F-62 321 Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | | | - Carolina Giraldo
- Ifremer, HMMN, Centre Manche - Mer du Nord, BP 669, F-62 321 Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | - Sébastien Lefebvre
- Ifremer, HMMN, Centre Manche - Mer du Nord, BP 669, F-62 321 Boulogne sur Mer, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 28 avenue Foch, F-62 930 Wimereux, France
| | - Bruno Ernande
- Ifremer, HMMN, Centre Manche - Mer du Nord, BP 669, F-62 321 Boulogne sur Mer, France
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11
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Grande M, Murua H, Zudaire I, Arsenault-Pernet EJ, Pernet F, Bodin N. Energy allocation strategy of skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis during their reproductive cycle. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:2434-2448. [PMID: 27730635 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The lipid composition of somatic and reproductive tissues was determined for female skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis caught in the western Indian Ocean between latitude 10° N and 20° S and longitude 40° and 70° E. The highest total lipid (TL) contents were in the liver and gonads, with white muscle levels approximately three-fold lower. Three lipid classes dominated: triacylglycerols (TAG), sterol esters and wax esters (SE-WE) and phospholipids (PL). Collectively, these accounted for between 70 and 80% of TLs. Changes in lipid concentrations were evaluated over the maturation cycle. Immature fish had the lowest gonad and liver TL levels; concentrations of TL, TAG, SE-WE and PL accumulated from immature to mature (spawning-capable) phase, reflecting sustained vitellogenic activity of the liver and a transfer of lipids to developing oocytes from the onset of vitellogenesis. Gonado-somatic and hepato-somatic indices were positively correlated with each other and positively related to TL in the gonads and liver. Fulton's condition index and lipid concentrations in muscle did not vary significantly over the maturation cycle; fat content in the main storage tissues was undepleted as the ovary developed. Hence, K. pelamis apparently supports reproduction directly from food intake over the breeding season. In the gonads, reserve lipids (SE-WE and TAG) and sterols were related to batch fecundity but this was not the case for somatic and hepatic tissues. These results suggest that K. pelamis utilizes an income breeding strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grande
- AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia-Portu aldea z/g, Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
- ALBACORA S.A., Polígono Landabaso s/n, Bermeo, Spain.
| | - H Murua
- AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia-Portu aldea z/g, Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - I Zudaire
- AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia-Portu aldea z/g, Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 248 MARBEC, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP 171, Sète, France
| | - E J Arsenault-Pernet
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 248 MARBEC, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP 171, Sète, France
| | - F Pernet
- Ifremer - Centre Bretagne- ZI de la Pointe du Diable-CS 10070 - 29280 Plouzané, Brest, France
| | - N Bodin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 248 MARBEC, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
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12
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Munschy C, Bodin N, Potier M, Héas-Moisan K, Pollono C, Degroote M, West W, Hollanda SJ, Puech A, Bourjea J, Nikolic N. Persistent Organic Pollutants in albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) from Reunion Island (Southwest Indian Ocean) and South Africa in relation to biological and trophic characteristics. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 148:196-206. [PMID: 27084988 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) by Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), namely polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), was investigated in individuals collected from Reunion Island (RI) and South Africa's (SA) southern coastlines in 2013, in relation to biological parameters and feeding ecology. The results showed lower PCB and DDT concentrations than those previously reported in various tuna species worldwide. A predominance of DDTs over PCBs was revealed, reflecting continuing inputs of DDT. Tuna collected from SA exhibited higher contamination levels than those from RI, related to higher dietary inputs and higher total lipid content. Greater variability in contamination levels and profiles was identified in tuna from RI, explained by a higher diversity of prey and more individualistic foraging behaviour. PCB and DDT contamination levels and profiles varied significantly in tuna from the two investigated areas, probably reflecting exposure to different sources of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Munschy
- IFREMER (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - N Bodin
- IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), UMR 248 MARBEC (MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation & Conservation), Fishing Port, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - M Potier
- IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), UMR 248 MARBEC (MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation & Conservation), Centre de Recherche Halieutique, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP 171, 34200 Sète, France
| | - K Héas-Moisan
- IFREMER (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - C Pollono
- IFREMER (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - M Degroote
- IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), UMR 248 MARBEC (MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation & Conservation), Fishing Port, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - W West
- DAFF (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Private Bag X2, Roggebaai 8012, South Africa
| | - S J Hollanda
- SFA (Seychelles Fishing Authority), Fishing Port, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - A Puech
- IFREMER, Délégation Ocean Indien, Rue Jean Bertho, BP 60, 97822 Le Port Cedex, La Réunion, France
| | - J Bourjea
- IFREMER, UMR 248 MARBEC (MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation & Conservation), Centre de Recherche Halieutique, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP 171, 34200 Sète, France
| | - N Nikolic
- IFREMER, Délégation Ocean Indien, Rue Jean Bertho, BP 60, 97822 Le Port Cedex, La Réunion, France
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13
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Hoffman JC, Sierszen ME, Cotter AM. Fish tissue lipid-C:N relationships for correcting δ(13) C values and estimating lipid content in aquatic food-web studies. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:2069-2077. [PMID: 26443408 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Normalizing δ(13) C values of animal tissue for lipid content is necessary to accurately interpret food-web relationships from stable isotope analysis. To reduce the effort and expense associated with chemical extraction of lipids, various studies have tested arithmetic mass balance to mathematically normalize δ(13) C values for lipid content; however, the approach assumes that lipid content is related to the tissue C:N ratio. METHODS We evaluated two commonly used models for estimating tissue lipid content based on C:N ratio (a mass balance model and a stoichiometric model) by comparing model predictions to measure the lipid content of white muscle tissue. We then determined the effect of lipid model choice on δ(13) C values normalized using arithmetic mass balance. To do so, we used a collection of fish from Lake Superior spanning a wide range in lipid content (5% to 73% lipid). RESULTS We found that the lipid content was positively related to the bulk muscle tissue C:N ratio. The two different lipid models produced similar estimates of lipid content based on tissue C:N, within 6% for tissue C:N values <7. Normalizing δ(13) C values using an arithmetic mass-balance equation based on either model yielded similar results, with a small bias (<1‰) compared with results based on chemical extraction. CONCLUSIONS Among-species consistency in the relationship between fish muscle tissue C:N ratio and lipid content supports the application of arithmetic mass balance to normalize δ(13) C values for lipid content. The uncertainty associated with both lipid extraction quality and choice of model parameters constrains the achievable precision of normalized δ(13) C values to about ±1.0‰.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel C Hoffman
- US EPA Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - Michael E Sierszen
- US EPA Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - Anne M Cotter
- US EPA Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
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