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Tian CY, Yang QR, Fan LX, Yang YM, Gao BW, Yang JB. Online identification of chemical constituents in Mongolian medicine Zhachong-13 pills by UHPLC-Q-exactive Orbitrap MS. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39037411 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2379981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Zhachong-13 pills (ZC-13), as a traditional prescription of Mongolian medicine, are often used in the clinical practice of Mongolian hospitals for the treatment of stroke and rheumatic arthritis. In this experiment, UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS was used to explore the chemical composition of ZC-13. The results showed that 315 compounds were identified or inferred, including 56 alkaloids, 77 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones, 61 flavonoids, 31 tannins, 8 coumarins, 16 lignans, 21 terpenoids, 5 amino acids, 19 organic acids, and 21 other components. In addition, the pharmacological activities related to anti-cerebral ischemia of these components were summarized. This result laid a foundation for further study on the pharmacodynamic material basis of ZC-13 and provided a scientific basis for the formulation of ZC-13 quality specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yun Tian
- School of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China
| | - Qing-Rui Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China
| | - Ling-Xuan Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China
| | - Yu-Mei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China
| | - Bo-Wen Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China
| | - Jian-Bo Yang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
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Liu Y, Yang X, Zhou C, Wang Z, Kuang T, Sun J, Xu B, Meng X, Zhang Y, Tang C. Unveiling Dynamic Changes of Chemical Constituents in Raw and Processed Fuzi With Different Steaming Time Points Using Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging Combined With Metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:842890. [PMID: 35359875 PMCID: PMC8960191 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.842890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fuzi is a famous toxic traditional herbal medicine, which has long been used for the treatment of various diseases in China and many other Asian countries because of its extraordinary pharmacological activities and high toxicity. Different processing methods to attenuate the toxicity of Fuzi are important for its safe clinical use. In this study, desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) with a metabolomics-combined multivariate statistical analysis approach was applied to investigate a series of Aconitum alkaloids and explore potential metabolic markers to understand the differences between raw and processed Fuzi with different steaming time points. Moreover, the selected metabolic markers were visualized by DESI-MSI, and six index alkaloids’ contents were determined through HPLC. The results indicated visible differences among raw and processed Fuzi with different steaming times, and 4.0 h is the proper time for toxicity attenuation and efficacy reservation. A total of 42 metabolic markers were identified to discriminate raw Fuzi and those steamed for 4.0 and 8.0 h, which were clearly visualized in DESI-MSI. The transformation from diester-diterpenoid alkaloids to monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids and then to non-esterified diterpene alkaloids through hydrolysis is the major toxicity attenuation process during steaming. DESI-MSI combined with metabolomics provides an efficient method to visualize the changeable rules and screen the metabolic markers of Aconitum alkaloids during steaming. The wide application of this technique could help identify markers and reveal the possible chemical transition mechanism in the “Paozhi” processes of Fuzi. It also provides an efficient and easy way to quality control and ensures the safety of Fuzi and other toxic traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuexin Yang
- Waters Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Waters Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Kuang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Binjie Xu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ce Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ce Tang,
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Qiu ZD, Zhang X, Wei XY, Chingin K, Xu JQ, Gao W, Yang B, Wang SL, Tan T, Liu EH, Xu HY, Cui GH, Guo J, Wang YN, Shen Y, Zhao YJ, Chen HW, Lai CJS, Huang LQ. Online discovery of the molecular mechanism for directionally detoxification of Fuzi using real-time extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:114216. [PMID: 34044076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux, a famous traditional medicinal herb for collapse, rheumatic fever, and painful joints, always raises global concerns about its fatal toxicity from toxic alkaloids when improperly processed. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the internal molecular mechanism of processing detoxification on Aconitum and develop simple and reliable approaches for clinical application, which is also of great significance to the rational medicinal use of Aconitum. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed at developing a complete molecular mechanism exploration strategy in complex medicinal herb decocting system, clarifying the internal molecular mechanism of processing detoxification on Aconitum, and exploring valid approaches for detoxification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) was selected as the model for exploring the complex Aconitum detoxification mechanism using an advanced online real-time platform based on extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The methods realized the sensitive capture of dynamic trace intermediates, accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis, and real-time and long-term monitoring of multi-components with satisfactory accuracy and resistance to complex matrices. RESULTS Components in the complex Aconitum decocting system were real-timely characterized and fat meat was discovered and verified to directionally detoxify Aconitum while reserving the therapy effect. More importantly, the dynamic detoxification mechanism in the chemically complex Aconitum decoction was molecularly profiled. A novel reaction pathway based on nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism was proposed. As confirmed by the theoretic calculations at DFT B3LYP/6-31G (d) levels, fatty acids (e.g., palmitic acid) acted as a green, cheap, and high-performance catalyst and promote the decomposition of toxic diester alkaloids to non-toxic and active benzoyl-monoester alkaloids through the discovered mechanism. CONCLUSION The study exposed a novel detoxification molecular mechanism of Aconitum and provided an effective method for the safe use of Aconitum, which could effectively guide the development of traditional processing technology and compatibility regulation of the toxic herb and had great value to the modernization and standardization development of traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Dong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Xu-Ya Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Konstantin Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Jia-Quan Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medical, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Shuang-Long Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Ting Tan
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Hai-Yu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medical, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Guang-Hong Cui
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Ye Shen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Huan-Wen Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China.
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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Li RL, Zhang Q, Liu J, He LY, Huang QW, Peng W, Wu CJ. Processing methods and mechanisms for alkaloid-rich Chinese herbal medicines: A review. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 19:89-103. [PMID: 33349610 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The processing of Chinese herbal medicine is a form of pharmaceutical technology developed over thousands of years, in order to increase efficiency and decrease toxicity of herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Herbal processing is essential for safe and effective application of TCM in clinical practice, as it alters the active chemical components and therefore the functions of herbal medicines. Alkaloid-rich herbal medicines in TCM are commonly processed by cleansing, cutting, processing by dry stir-frying, stir-frying with liquid adjuvants, and processing by water decoction. In addition, commonly used adjuvants for processing alkaloid-rich herbal medicines are river sand, wine, vinegar, brine, honey and herbal juice. For alkaloid-rich herbal medicines, the main chemical reactions that occur during processing include hydrolysis, oxidation, replacement, decomposition and condensation. This paper aimed to summarize the processing methods and mechanisms for alkaloid-rich Chinese herbal medicines, and provide much-needed theoretical support and scientific evidence for understanding those mechanisms and effects. Information on processing methods for alkaloid-rich herbal medicines was collected from classic books of herbal medicine, PhD and MSc dissertations, online scientific databases including PubMed, SciFinder, Scopus, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar and Google Scholar. This paper should help to advance our knowledge of the processing mechanisms and aid in the development of processing methods for alkaloid-rich Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Ying He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qin-Wan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Chun-Jie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China.
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5
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Quality tracing evaluation strategies of compatible materials in Aconitum proprietary Chinese medicines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 192:113654. [PMID: 33120312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The proprietary Chinese medicine (PCM) has become a significant supplement of modern medicine. Nevertheless, the absence of quality control standard of compatible materials in PCM has led to serious adulteration, which has an extremely bad effect on safety of drug use and clinical efficacy. Here, a quality tracing evaluation strategy of compatible materials in 32 Aconitum proprietary Chinese medicines (APCMs) was established, including data normalization, model development, model verification, and unknown prescription cracking. The model was delimited based on the weighted content of total 9 key alkaloids in 24 APCMs, which were 5.65-57.10 μg/g for extract medicines and 42.62-380.61 μg/g for powder medicines. Three newly published commercial APCMs, including Wangbi Tablet, Wangbi Granule, and Fengshigutong Capsule, were used to verify its reliability and the results proved to be positive. Moreover, a novel prescription cracking approach was proposed to decode the content of each material in five unknown prescriptions including Yaoxitong Capsule, Tongrendahuoluo Pill, Xinbao Pill, Dahuoluo Capsule, and Mugua Pill. Ultimately, the single or two compatible Aconitum materials in APCMs was successfully decoded and the processed level of the materials were effectively judged. This study for the first time established a practical strategy for supervision and cracking of compatible materials in PCMs and is of great significance to improve the quality control of PCMs.
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6
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Mei X, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wang S, Dong F, Wang Z, Qiao Y, Zhang J. The chemical transformations for Radix Astragali via different alkaline wash conditions by quantitative and qualitative analyses. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 185:113164. [PMID: 32199325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Radix Astragali is a famous Chinese traditional and folk medicine with a wide range of medicinal values in clinic. In this study, an analytical efficient strategy based on UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS and UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS was established to explore and reveal the chemical transformations for Radix Astragali under different alkaline wash conditions for analytical sample preparation. Firstly, a rapid and sensitive UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS method for the quantification of 14 main constituents in Radix Astragali has been developed and validated. Secondly, according to the standard substance comparison, accurate mass measurements, mass fragmentation behaviors and related literatures, a total of 102 components have been screened and identified using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap method. Among them, 47 compounds are saponins, and the other 55 are flavonoids. Consequently, there were two chemical transformations including hydrolysis and degradation observed when Radix Astragali was treated with alkali. Besides, hydrolysis of glycosides and acetyl played a considerably important role in the process of sample preparation. It has been proved that 10 % ammonia could relatively guarantee the high content of astragaloside IV and avoid the over-degradation of most chemical ingredients in Radix Astragali. In conclusion, this work would provide a scientific and practical method for quality control of Radix Astragali as well as its compound preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Mei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shaoping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Fan Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
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Yu HH, Li M, Li YB, Lei BB, Yuan X, Xing XK, Xie YF, Wang M, Wang L, Yang HJ, Feng ZW, Cheng BF. Benzoylaconitine Inhibits Production of IL-6 and IL-8 via MAPK, Akt, NF-κB Signaling in IL-1β-Induced Human Synovial Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 43:334-339. [PMID: 31735734 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Benzoylaconitine (BAC), the main hydrolysate of aconitine, is a lower toxic monoester type alkaloid considered as the pharmacodynamic constituent in Aconitum species. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of BAC on production of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were investigated in IL-1β-stimulated human synovial SW982 cells. The SW982 cells were incubated with BAC (0, 5 and 10 µM) before stimulating with IL-1β (10 ng/mL). The results revealed that BAC suppressed gene and protein expression of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by IL-1β. BAC decreased activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphorylation of Akt. BAC also inhibited degradation of inhibitor of kappaB (IκB)-α, phosphorylation and nuclear transposition of p65 protein. The results demonstrate that BAC exerts an anti-inflammatory effect dependent on MAPK, Akt and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways in human synovial cells stimulated with IL-1β, suggesting that BAC may be exploited as a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Heng Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Ming Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control
| | - Yuan-Bo Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Bing-Bing Lei
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Xin Yuan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Xue-Kun Xing
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Yun-Fei Xie
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Mian Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Hai-Jie Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Zhi-Wei Feng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Bin-Feng Cheng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
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Zhu L, Wu J, Zhao M, Song W, Qi X, Wang Y, Lu L, Liu Z. Mdr1a plays a crucial role in regulating the analgesic effect and toxicity of aconitine by altering its pharmacokinetic characteristics. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 320:32-39. [PMID: 28193520 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aconitine (AC) is the primary bioactive/toxic alkaloid in plants of the Aconitum species. Our previous study demonstrated that Mdr1 was involved in efflux of AC. However, the mechanism by which Mdr1 regulates the efficacy/toxicity of AC in vivo remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine the effects of Mdr1a on the efficacy/toxicity and pharmacokinetics of AC in wild-type and Mdr1a-/- FVB mice. After oral administration of AC, significantly higher analgesic effect was observed in Mdr1a-/- mice (49% to 105%) compared to wild-type mice (P<0.05). The levels of s100-β protein and creatine kinase, which indicate cerebral and myocardial damage, respectively, were also significantly increased (P<0.05) in Mdr1a-/- mice. Histopathological examination revealed that the Mdr1a-/- mice suffered from evident cerebral and myocardial damages, but the wild-type mice did not. These findings suggested that Mdr1a deficiency significantly promoted the analgesic effect of AC and exacerbated its toxicity. Pharmacokinetic experiments showed that T1/2 of AC in the Mdr1a-/- mice was significantly higher (from 87% to 300%) than that in wild-type mice (P<0.05). The distribution of AC in the brain of Mdr1a-/- mice was 2- to 32-fold higher than that in the brains of wild-type mice (P<0.05). Toxic reactions were more severe in Mdr1a-/- mice compared to wild-type mice. In conclusion, Mdr1a deficiency significantly enhanced the analgesic effect of AC and exacerbated its toxicity by upregulating its distribution to the brain and decreasing its plasma elimination rate. Thus, Mdr1a dysfunction may cause severe AC poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Jinjun Wu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Min Zhao
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Wenjie Song
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qi
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Linlin Lu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 999078, PR China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 999078, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Tian D, Huang Y, Li L, Mao J, Tian J, Ding J. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of Shenfu Injection in beagle dogs after intravenous drip administration. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:584-592. [PMID: 27818926 PMCID: PMC5071638 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Shenfu Injection (SFI) is a well-defined Chinese herbal formulation that is obtained from red ginseng and processed aconite root. The main active constituents in SFI are ginsenosides and aconitum alkaloids. In this work, ginsenosides (ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rc) and aconitum alkaloids (benzoylmesaconine and fuziline) were used as the index components to explore the pharmacokinetic behavior of SFI. A selective and sensitive HPLC–MS/MS method was developed for the quantification of ginsenosides and aconitum alkaloids in dog plasma and was used to characterize the pharmacokinetics of the five index components after intravenous drip of three different dosages of SFI in beagle dogs. The pharmacokinetic properties of the index components were linear over the dose range of 2–8 mL/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Dali Tian
- China Resources San-Jiu (Ya’an) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ya’an 625000, China
| | - Yuyou Huang
- China Resources San-Jiu (Ya’an) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ya’an 625000, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Juan Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Juan Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jinsong Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 731 82650250.
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Transformation of astragalosides from radix astragali under acidic, neutral, and alkaline extraction conditions monitored by LC-ESI-TOF/MS. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:314-20. [PMID: 24863360 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To reveal the profile of astragalosides for better quality evaluation of Radix Astragali, this study was aimed to investigate the transformation of astragalosides under different conditions. METHOD Seven major astragalosides were selected for evaluation under acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions. The transformation in real plant samples was also examined and the products were characterized by LC-ESI-TOF/MS. RESULTS In weak acidic solution, all of the astragalosides are stable. In addition, the transformation ratios of the astragalosides under neutral and alkaline conditions were also obtained. CONCLUSION In neutral solution, malonylastragaloside I was transformed to astragaloside I; and in alkaline solution, substituent group(s) in the xylose moiety of all the astragalosides were eliminated. Since astragalosdie IV is the basic skeleton structure of the astrgalosides, it is a common transformation product of other astragalosides.
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11
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Song S, Tang Q, Huo H, Li H, Xing X, Luo J. Simultaneous Quantification and Pharmacokinetics of Alkaloids in Herba Ephedrae-Radix Aconiti Lateralis Extracts. J Anal Toxicol 2014; 39:58-68. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bku113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Xu W, Zhang J, Zhu D, Huang J, Huang Z, Bai J, Qiu X. Rapid separation and characterization of diterpenoid alkaloids in processed roots ofAconitum carmichaeliusing ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid linear ion trap-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2864-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Dayuan Zhu
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Juan Huang
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Zhihai Huang
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Junqi Bai
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
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13
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Zhang Q, Ma YM, Wang ZT, Wang CH. Pharmacokinetics difference of multiple active constituents from decoction and maceration of Fuzi Xiexin Tang after oral administration in rat by UPLC–MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 92:35-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Bioactivity fingerprint analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 ligands from radix Aconiti by ultrafiltration–UPLC–MSn. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7437-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Zhang Q, Wang CH, Ma YM, Zhu EY, Wang ZT. UPLC-ESI/MS determination of 17 active constituents in two categorized formulas of traditional Chinese medicine, Sanhuang Xiexin Tang and Fuzi Xiexin Tang: application in comparing the differences in decoctions and macerations. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1079-88. [PMID: 23629873 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive UPLC-ESI/MS method was established and validated to determine 17 active constituents (aconitine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine, benzoylaconine, benzoylhypaconine, benzoylmesaconine, berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, coptisine, baicalein, wogonin, baicalin, wogonoside, emodin, aloe-emodin and rhein) in Sanhuang Xiexin Tang (SXT) and Fuzi Xiexin Tang (FXT), which are two classic compound recipes from Xiexin Tang categorized formulas in traditional Chinese medicien. The separation was performed on a UPLC BEH C18 column gradient eluted using acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid as mobile phase. ESI/MS was operated in positive ([M + H](+)) in selected ion recording mode for analysis of alkaloids and flavones, while in negative ([M - H](-)) selected ion recording mode for anthraquinones. All of the 17 constituents exhibited good linearity in a relatively wide concentration ranges with the lowest limits of detection of 0.38 ng/mL. All of the relative standard deviation values of intra- and inter-precisions and stabilities of 17 constituents were within 5%. The method was successfully applied to determine 17 active constituents in decoctions and macerations of SXT and FXT. The results indicated that different preparative methods resulted in significant diversity in concentrations of the 17 analytes. Herb-herb interaction appeared between aconitum alkaloids in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata and another three herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Han T, Liu Y, Pi Z, Liu Z, Song F, Liu Z. ABSORPTION OF HYPACONITINE AND P-GLYCOPROTEIN-MEDIATED DRUG-HYPACONITINE INTERACTIONS BY CACO-2 HUMAN INTESTINAL CELL MONOLAYERS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.685917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Han
- a Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- b College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun , P. R. China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- a Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , P. R. China
| | - Zhongying Liu
- c College of Pharmacy, Jilin University , Changchun , P. R. China
| | - Fengrui Song
- a Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- a Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , P. R. China
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17
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Sui Z, Li N, Liu Z, Yan J, Liu Z. Metabolite profile analysis of aconitine in rabbit stomach after oral administration by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry. Xenobiotica 2012; 43:628-35. [PMID: 23267667 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.753490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
1. Aconitine (AC), an active and highly toxic constituent extracted from aconitum plants, is well known for its excellent effects against rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis. The metabolism of AC in liver and intestine has been previously reported. However, little is known about the metabolism of AC in stomach. In this study, the metabolite profiling of AC in stomachs of rabbit and rat was performed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS(n)), for the first time. 2. The samples were purified by liquid-liquid extraction, separated using an Agilent extended C18 column following a linear gradient elution and then detected by ESI/MS(n) in positive ion mode. Metabolites were identified by comparing their protonated molecules, fragmentation patterns and chromatographic behaviors with those of standard compounds and data from authorized literature works. 3. In conclusion, 14 metabolites were identified in animal stomach after oral administration of AC. The presentation of a large amount of metabolites of AC in stomach suggested that, for aconitum alkaloids, the stomach might play an important role in their metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Sui
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Rapid quality assessment of Radix Aconiti Preparata using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 752:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Zhu H, Wang C, Qi Y, Song F, Liu Z, Liu S. Fingerprint analysis of Radix Aconiti using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/ tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MS n) combined with stoichiometry. Talanta 2012. [PMID: 23200358 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A fingerprinting approach was developed by means of UPLC-ESI/MS(n) (ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry) for the quality control of processed Radix Aconiti, a widely used toxic traditional herbal medicine. The present fingerprinting approach was based on the two processing methods recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia for the purpose of reducing the toxicity and ensuring the clinical therapeutic efficacy. Similarity evaluation, hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed to evaluate the similarity and variation of the samples. The results showed that the well processed, unqualified processed and the raw Radix Aconiti could be clustered reasonably corresponding to the contents of their constituents. The loading plot shows that the main chemical markers having the most influence on the discrimination amongst the qualified and unqualified samples were mainly some monoester diterpenoid aconitines and diester diterpenoid aconitines. Finally, the UPLC-UV and UPLC-ESI/MS(n) characteristic fingerprints were established according to the well processed and purchased qualified samples. At the same time, a complementary quantification method of six Aconitine-type alkaloids was developed using UPLC-UV and UPLC-ESI/MS. The average recovery of the monoester diterpenoid aconitines was 95.4-99.1% and the average recovery of the diester diterpenoid aconitines was 103-112%. The proposed combined quantification method by UPLC-UV and UPLC-ESI/MS allows the samples analyzed in a wide concentration range. Therefore, the established fingerprinting approach in combination with chemometric analysis provides a flexible and reliable method for quality assessment of toxic herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zhu
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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20
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Liu XX, Jian XX, Cai XF, Chao RB, Chen QH, Chen DL, Wang XL, Wang FP. Cardioactive C₁₉-diterpenoid alkaloids from the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaeli "Fu Zi". Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2012; 60:144-9. [PMID: 22223386 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.60.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of an n-BuOH extract of the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaeli. led to the isolation of 5 cardioactive C(19)-diterpenoid alkaloids: N-deethylaconine (1), beiwutinine (2), hypaconine (3), mesaconine (4), and 15α-hydroxyneoline (5). N-Deethylaconine and beiwutinine are new aconitine-type C(19)-diterpenoid alkaloids. Hypaconine was isolated from this species for the first time. Among them, mesaconine, hypaconine, and beiwutinine showed the strongest cardiac actions on the isolated perfused bullfrog heart. Furthermore, mesaconine has protective effects, including improved inotropic effect and left ventricular diastolic function, on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat at a dose of 10(-9) mol/L. However, mesaconine has almost no effect on heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Liu
- Department of Medicinal Analysis, West China College of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P R China
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21
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Csupor D, Borcsa B, Heydel B, Hohmann J, Zupkó I, Ma Y, Widowitz U, Bauer R. Comparison of a specific HPLC determination of toxic aconite alkaloids in processed Radix aconiti with a titration method of total alkaloids. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:1097-101. [PMID: 21936629 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.595011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dezso Csupor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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22
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Tan G, Jing J, Zhu Z, Lou Z, Li W, Zhao L, Zhang G, Chai Y. Detection and identification of diterpenoid alkaloids, isoflavonoids and saponins in Qifu decoction and rat plasma by liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:178-91. [PMID: 21594877 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometric (LC-TOFMS) method has been developed for analysis of components in Qifu decoction (QFD), a traditional Chinese medical formula consisting of Radix Astragali and Acontium carmichaeli, and in rat plasma after oral administration. Based on accurate mass measurements within 3 ppm error for each molecular ion and subsequent fragment ions of TOFMS, as well as matching of empirical molecular formulae with those of published components in the in-house chemical library, a total of 44 major components including 21 diterpenoid alkaloids, 12 flavonoids and 11 saponins were identified in QFD. After oral administration of QFD, 22 components in rat plasma were detected and identified by comparing and contrasting the constituents measured in QFD with those in the plasma samples. The results provided valuable chemical information for further pharmacology and active mechanism research on QFD. LC-TOFMS was also applied for the comparison of relative peak area of major active components between QFD and the single herb extracts. The concentration ratios of major saponins detected in the crude herb Radix Astragali were found to be different from those in QFD. The experimental data indicated that the decocting process could result in differences in the amounts of active components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangguo Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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23
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Borcsa B, Csupor D, Forgo P, Widowitz U, Bauer R, Hohmann J. Aconitum lipo-alkaloids – Semisynthetic Products of the Traditional Medicine. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [PMID: 21560765 DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The term lipo-alkaloid is used for C19 aconitane alkaloids containing one or two long-chain fatty acid residues. Lipo-alkaloids are transesterified derivatives of the most toxic and highly effective diester-type diterpene alkaloids, such as aconitine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine. Lipo-alkaloids are native minor compounds of aconite drugs, but their amount significantly increases after traditional processing, which is a general method in the Far Eastern traditional medicinal systems. Analytical works demonstrated that cautious processing (usually boiling) of crude aconite roots decreases the amount of normal diterpene alkaloids and increases the concentration of lipo-alkaloids resulting in the reduction of toxicity of the drugs. Many papers reported that lipo-alkaloids occur as a complex mixture in the drugs, and the isolation of the individual components is extremely difficult. These compounds have been identified using highly sensitive analytical methods (HPLC-MS, NMR), and semisynthetic approaches have been developed to ensure lipo-alkaloids in pure form for pharmacological studies. This review summarizes the structure, chemistry, semisynthesis, analytics and bioactivities of lipo-alkaloids. On the basis of 32 references this is the first comprehensive study on this topic, covering the data of 173 compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Borcsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peter Forgo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ute Widowitz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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24
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Wang X, Pi Z, Liu W, Zhao Y, Liu S. Effect of pH on the Metabolism of Aconitine under Rat Intestinal Bacteria and Analysis of Metabolites Using HPLC/MS-MSn Technique. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201190028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Liu W, Pi Z, Wang X, Song F, Liu S. HPLC/ESI-MSn and ESI-MS studies on the Aconitum alkaloids in three Chinese medicinal herbs. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2898-906. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Abstract
The lasting attention that researchers have devoted to diterpenoid alkaloids is due to their various bioactivities and toxicities, structural complexity, and intriguing chemistry. From 1998 to the end of 2008, more than 300 new diterpenoid alkaloids were isolated from Nature. This review focuses on their structural relationships, and investigations into their chemical reactions, synthesis, and biological activities. A table that lists the names, plant sources, and structural types is given along with 363 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Natural Products, West China College of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
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27
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Wang FP, Chen QH. The C19-Diterpenoid Alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2010; 69:1-577, xi. [DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(10)69001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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28
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Yang M, Sun J, Lu Z, Chen G, Guan S, Liu X, Jiang B, Ye M, Guo DA. Phytochemical analysis of traditional Chinese medicine using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2045-62. [PMID: 18804769 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Shanghai Research Center for TCM Modernization, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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29
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Csupor D, Wenzig EM, Zupkó I, Wölkart K, Hohmann J, Bauer R. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of aconitine-type and lipo-alkaloids of Aconitum carmichaelii roots. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:2079-86. [PMID: 19019379 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Revised: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
By optimizing the extraction and analytical conditions, a reliable and precise HPLC method coupled with photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) has been developed for the identification and quantification of three major aconitine-type alkaloids (aconitine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine) in the roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux. The qualitative analysis of the plant material was carried out by LC-APCI-MS(n). By means of this method, 26 lipo-alkaloids were also identified from the roots of A. carmichaelii. The effect of processing on aconitine-type alkaloids, lipo-alkaloids and pure aconitine was studied. As part of our investigation, two lipo-alkaloids, 14-benzoylaconine-8-palmitate and 14-benzoylaconine-8-linoleate were produced semisynthetically. The COX-1, COX-2 and LTB(4) formation inhibitory activity of aconite root extracts and different types of diterpene alkaloids and the toxicity of lipo-alkaloids were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezso Csupor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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30
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Csupor D, Forgo P, Wenzig EM, Bauer R, Hohmann J. Bisnorditerpene, norditerpene, and lipo-alkaloids from Aconitum toxicum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:1779-82. [PMID: 18841905 DOI: 10.1021/np800322q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
From the roots of Aconitum toxicum, acotoxicine (1), a new bisnorditerpene alkaloid, was isolated together with the structurally related delavaconitine, delavaconine, dolaconine, aconosine, and the norditerpene alkaloid neolinine. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation. Further, eight lipo-alkaloids (2-9) were detected in the plant material by LC-APCI-MSn analysis. This is the first report of a C18 bisnorditerpene alkaloid and lipo-alkaloids from A. toxicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezso Csupor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ko
- Department of Health Services, Food and Drug Branch, Sacramento, California 95899-7413, USA.
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32
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Liu M, Zhang H, Zhao L, Zhao B, Dong L, Zhu Z, Chai Y. LC Separation and Determination of Five Diester-Diterpenoid Alkaloids in the Unprocessed and Processed Aconite Roots. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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33
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Yue H, Pi ZF, Li HL, Song FR, Liu ZQ, Liu SY. Studies on the stability of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids from the genus Aconitum L. by high performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI/MSn). PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2008; 19:141-7. [PMID: 17853383 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The stability of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids (DDA) from plants of the genus Aconitum L. has been studied in different solvents and pH buffers. The HPLC/ESIMS method for analysing the concentration of DDA was established and DDA's decomposition products were elucidated by HPLC/ESI-MS/MS(n). In different solvents, e.g. dichloromethane, ether, methanol and distilled water, the decomposition pathways of DDA are quite different and their difference in stabilities depends on the difference of their structures, in which substituents at the N atom and substituents at C-3 are different. The pyrolytic products of DDA, such as deacetoxy aconitine-type alkaloids, have been observed in the above solvents, whereas 8-methoxy-14-benzoyl aconitine-type alkaloids have been obtained only in methanol. Furthermore, the experimental results demonstrate that the stability of DDA depends on pH values of the buffer. Aconine as hydrolysate has been only found in pH 10.0 buffer, and the other hydrolysates and the pyrolyzates of DDA, such as benzoylaconine and deacetoxy aconitine, have been observed in all pH aqueous solutions. The decomposition pathways of DDA in buffers are related to the substituent on the C-3 position. The decomposition pathway of aconitine is similar to that of mesaconitine, but different from that of hypaconitine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yue
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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34
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35
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Kaneko R, Hattori S, Furuta S, Hamajima M, Hirata Y, Watanabe K, Seno H, Ishii A. Sensitive analysis of aconitine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine and jesaconitine in human body fluids and Aconitum tubers by LC/ESI-TOF-MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2006; 41:810-4. [PMID: 16770829 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The Aconitum species (Ranunculaceae) are widely distributed in northern Asia and North America. Their roots are popularly used in herbal medicines in China and Japan. Many cases of accidental, suicidal and homicidal intoxication with this plant have been reported; some of these were fatal because the toxicity of Aconitum is very high. It is thus important to detect and quantify Aconitum alkaloids in body fluids, with high sensitivity. We have developed a simple and sensitive method for measuring four kinds of Aconitum alkaloids (aconitine, hypaconitine, jesaconitine and mesaconitine) by LC/electrospray (ESI)-time-of-flight (TOF)-MS. For all of them, only molecular ions were observed at an orifice voltage of 75 V; at 135 V, base peaks corresponding to [M - 60 + H]+ ions were observed. These four compounds and methyllycaconitine (internal standard) in human plasma samples were purified by solid-phase extraction. The four extracted compounds were completely separated in mass chromatograms; the calibration curves showed good linearity in the range 10-300 ng/ml, and the detection limits were estimated to be 0.2-0.5 ng/ml. Using our method, we also determined the amounts of these compounds in tuber samples. The present method is applicable in clinical and forensic toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Kaneko
- Department of Legal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.
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36
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Song F, Liu Z, Liu S, Cai Z. Differentiation and identification of ginsenoside isomers by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Beike J, Frommherz L, Wood M, Brinkmann B, Köhler H. Determination of aconitine in body fluids by LC-MS-MS. Int J Legal Med 2004; 118:289-93. [PMID: 15674996 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-004-0463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A very sensitive and specific method was developed for the determination of aconitine, the main toxic alkaloid from plants of the genus Aconitum L., in biological samples. The method comprised solid-phase extraction using mixed-mode Cs cation exchange columns followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved with a RP8 column. Detection of aconitine was achieved using electrospray in the positive ionisation mode and quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring with m/z 646.4 as precursor ion, i.e. [M+H]+ of aconitine and m/z 586.5, m/z 526.4 and m/z 368.4 as product ions after collision-induced dissociation. The method was fully validated for the analysis of blood samples: the limit of detection and the limit of quantitation were 0.1 ng/g and 0.5 ng/g, respectively. Within the linear calibration range of 0.5-25 ng/g, analytical recovery was 79.9%. In two fatal cases with suspected aconite intoxication, aconitine could be detected in blood samples at concentrations of 10.0 and 12.1 ng/g. In one case, aconitine could also be detected in the stomach content (3 ng/g) and in the other in the urine (180 ng/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Beike
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Germany.
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2003; 38:588-595. [PMID: 12794882 DOI: 10.1002/jms.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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