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For: Kramvis A. The clinical implications of hepatitis B virus genotypes and HBeAg in pediatrics. Rev Med Virol 2016;26:285-303. [PMID: 27139263 PMCID: PMC5084815 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]

For:	Kramvis A. The clinical implications of hepatitis B virus genotypes and HBeAg in pediatrics. Rev Med Virol 2016;26:285-303. [PMID: 27139263 PMCID: PMC5084815 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]

Number

Cited by Other Article(s)

Delamare H, Ishii-Rousseau JE, Rao A, Cresta M, Vincent JP, Ségéral O, Nayagam S, Shimakawa Y. Proportion of pregnant women with HBV infection eligible for antiviral prophylaxis to prevent vertical transmission: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JHEP Rep 2024;6:101064. [PMID: 39035070 PMCID: PMC11260332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open

Abstract

Background & Aims

In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended peripartum antiviral prophylaxis (PAP) for pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) with high viremia (≥200,000 IU/ml). Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was also recommended as an alternative when HBV DNA is unavailable. To inform policymaking and guide the implementation of prevention of mother-to-child transmission strategies, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the proportion of HBV-infected pregnant women eligible for PAP at global and regional levels.

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and CENTRAL for studies involving HBV-infected pregnant women. We extracted proportions of women with high viremia (≥200,000 IU/ml), proportions of women with positive HBeAg, proportions of women cross-stratified based on HBV DNA and HBeAg, and the risk of child infection in these maternal groups. Proportions were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.

Results

Of 6,999 articles, 131 studies involving 71,712 HBV-infected pregnant women were included. The number of studies per WHO region was 66 (Western Pacific), 21 (Europe), 17 (Africa), 11 (Americas), nine (Eastern Mediterranean), and seven (South-East Asia). The overall pooled proportion of high viremia was 21.27% (95% CI 17.77-25.26%), with significant regional variation: Western Pacific (31.56%), Americas (23.06%), Southeast Asia (15.62%), Africa (12.45%), Europe (9.98%), and Eastern Mediterranean (7.81%). HBeAg positivity showed similar regional variation. After cross-stratification, the proportions of high viremia and positive HBeAg, high viremia and negative HBeAg, low viremia and positive HBeAg, and low viremia and negative HBeAg were 15.24% (95% CI 11.12-20.53%), 2.70% (95% CI 1.88-3.86%), 3.69% (95% CI 2.86-4.75%), and 75.59% (95% CI 69.15-81.05%), respectively. The corresponding risks of child infection following birth dose vaccination without immune globulin and PAP were 14.86% (95% CI 8.43-24.88%), 6.94% (95% CI 2.92-15.62%), 7.14% (95% CI 1.00-37.03%), and 0.14% (95% CI 0.02-1.00%).

Conclusions

Approximately 20% of HBV-infected pregnant women are eligible for PAP. Given significant regional variations, each country should tailor strategies for HBsAg screening, risk stratification, and PAP in routine antenatal care.

Impact and implications

In 2020, the WHO recommended that pregnant women who test positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) undergo HBV DNA testing or HBeAg and those with high viremia (≥200,000 IU/ml) or positive HBeAg receive PAP. To effectively implement new HBV PMTCT interventions and integrate HBV screening, risk stratification, and antiviral prophylaxis into routine antenatal care services, estimating the proportion of HBV-infected pregnant women eligible for PAP is critical. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we found that approximately one-fifth of HBV-infected pregnant women are eligible for PAP based on HBV DNA testing, and a similar proportion is eligible based on HBeAg testing. Owing to substantial regional variations in eligibility proportions and the availability and costs of different tests, it is vital for each country to optimize strategies that integrate HBV screening, risk stratification, and PAP into routine antenatal care services.

Systematic review registration

This study was registered with PROSPERO (Protocol No: CRD42021266545).

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Expert Consensus on the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B in Children. INFECTIOUS DISEASES & IMMUNITY 2024;4:106-120. [DOI: 10.1097/id9.0000000000000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2024]

Padarath K, Deroubaix A, Naicker P, Stoychev S, Kramvis A. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Huh7 Cells Transfected with Sub-Saharan African Hepatitis B Virus (Sub)genotypes Reveals Potential Oncogenic Factors. Viruses 2024;16:1052. [PMID: 39066215 PMCID: PMC11281506 DOI: 10.3390/v16071052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open

Anderson M, Mangogola T, Phinius BB, Mpebe G, Aimakhu CO, Choga WT, Phakedi B, Bhebhe LN, Ditshwanelo D, Baruti K, Mpofu-Dobo L, Othusitse L, Ratsoma T, Gaolathe T, Makhema J, Shapiro R, Lockman S, Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S. Hepatitis B Virus Prevalence among HIV-Uninfected People Living in Rural and Peri-Urban Areas in Botswana. Microorganisms 2024;12:1207. [PMID: 38930589 PMCID: PMC11205512 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open

Affiliation(s)

Motswedi Anderson Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.) Africa Health Research Institute, Durban 4013, South Africa The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
Thabo Mangogola Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.) Pan-African University (Life and Earth Sciences Institute), University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200132, Nigeria;
Bonolo B. Phinius Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.) School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
Gorata Mpebe Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.) Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
Christopher O. Aimakhu Pan-African University (Life and Earth Sciences Institute), University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200132, Nigeria;
Wonderful T. Choga Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.) School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
Basetsana Phakedi Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
Lynnette N. Bhebhe Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
Doreen Ditshwanelo Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
Kabo Baruti Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.) Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
Linda Mpofu-Dobo Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.) Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
Lebogang Othusitse Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.)
Tsholofelo Ratsoma Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.) Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
Tendani Gaolathe Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.) Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
Joseph Makhema Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.) Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Roger Shapiro Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.) Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Shahin Lockman Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.) Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Sikhulile Moyo Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.) Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
Simani Gaseitsiwe Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Private Bag BO320, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.A.); (T.M.); (B.B.P.); (G.M.); (W.T.C.); (B.P.); (L.N.B.); (D.D.); (K.B.); (L.M.-D.); (L.O.); (T.R.); (T.G.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (S.L.); (S.M.) Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA

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Gao Q, Li X, Wang L, Tan X, Li Z, Xu C. The effect of intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy combined with different stages of hepatitis B virus infection on pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024;24:245. [PMID: 38582906 PMCID: PMC10998294 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

To investigate the impact of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on pregnancy outcomes.

METHODS

We selected 512 pregnant women, collected the data including maternal demographics, main adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal HBV infected markers HBeAg and HBV-DNA loads status, then have a comparative analysis.

RESULTS

There were 319 solitary ICP patients without HBV infection (Group I) and 193 ICP patients with HBV infection. Of the latter, there were 118 cases with abnormal liver function(Group II) and 80 cases with normal liver function(Group III). All HBV-infected pregnant women with ICP were divided into hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg)-positive group (102 cases) and HBeAg-negative group (91 cases), according to the level of the serum HBeAg status; and into high viral load group (92 cases), moderate viral load group (46 cases) and low viral load group (55 cases) according to the maternal HBV-DNA level. Group II had a higher level of serum total bile acids, transaminase, bilirubin as well as a higher percentage of premature delivery, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) compared with the other two groups(P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in the above indicators between the Group I and Group III. Among the HBV-infected patients with ICP, HBeAg-positive group had a higher level of serum transaminase, bilirubin and bile acid as well as earlier gestational weeks of delivery, lower birth weight of new-borns and a higher rate of NICU admission than HBeAg-negative group (P < 0.05). Those with a high viral load (HBV-DNA > 106 IU/ml) had a higher level of transaminase, bilirubin, and bile acid as well as shorter gestational weeks of delivery, lower birth weight of new-borns and a higher rate of NICU admission compared with those with a low or moderate viral load (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

HBV-infected pregnant women with ICP combined with abnormal liver function have more severe liver damage, a higher percentage of preterm birth and NICU admission. HBeAg-positive status and a high HBV-DNA load will increase the severity of conditions in HBV-infected pregnant women with ICP. HBV-infected patients with ICP who have abnormal liver function, HBeAg-positive or a high viral load should be treated more actively.

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Zhao Y, Chen K, Yang H, Zhang F, Ding L, Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wang H, Deng Y. HLA-DR genetic polymorphisms and hepatitis B virus mutations affect the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Han Chinese population. Virol J 2023;20:283. [PMID: 38037048 PMCID: PMC10691135 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open

Mammas IN, Drysdale SB, Charalampous C, Koletsi P, Papatheodoropoulou A, Koutsaftiki C, Sergentanis T, Merakou K, Kornarou H, Papaioannou G, Kramvis A, Greenough A, Theodoridou M, Spandidos DA. Navigating paediatric virology through the COVID‑19 era (Review). Int J Mol Med 2023;52:83. [PMID: 37503745 PMCID: PMC10555476 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open

Affiliation(s)

Ioannis N. Mammas Department of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion First Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 11527 Athens Paediatric Clinic, Aliveri, 34500 Island of Euboea, Greece
Simon B. Drysdale Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE Department of Paediatrics, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK
Charalampos Charalampous Kliniken Maria Hilf GmbH, 41063 Mönchengladbach, Germany
Patra Koletsi Department of Paediatrics, 'Penteli' Children's Hospital, 15236 Palaia Penteli Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), 'Penteli' Children's Hospital, 15236 Palaia Penteli
Alexia Papatheodoropoulou Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio
Chryssie Koutsaftiki COVID-19 Reference Centre, 'Rafina' Health Care Centre, 19009 Rafina Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens
Theodoros Sergentanis Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens
Kyriakoula Merakou Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens
Helen Kornarou Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens
Georgia Papaioannou Department of Paediatric Radiology, 'Mitera' Children's Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece
Anna Kramvis Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
Anne Greenough Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London SE5 9RS, UK
Maria Theodoridou First Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 11527 Athens
Demetrios A. Spandidos Department of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion

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Chen J, Li L, Yin Q, Shen T. A review of epidemiology and clinical relevance of Hepatitis B virus genotypes and subgenotypes. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2023;47:102180. [PMID: 37479136 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]

Kalita S, Kalita MJ, Hazarika G, Das PP, Dutta K, Rudola T, Das P, Talukdar AJ, Dutta S, Idris MG, Kar P, Medhi S. Altered expression of endosomal Toll-like receptors and HBeAg seropositivity may act synergistically towards the vertical transmission of HBV. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023;90:e13747. [PMID: 37491930 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open

Toyé RM, Loureiro CL, Jaspe RC, Zoulim F, Pujol FH, Chemin I. The Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes E to J: The Overlooked Genotypes. Microorganisms 2023;11:1908. [PMID: 37630468 PMCID: PMC10459053 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open

Phinius BB, Anderson M, Mokomane M, Gobe I, Choga WT, Ratsoma T, Phakedi B, Mpebe G, Ditshwanelo D, Musonda R, Makhema J, Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S. Atypical Hepatitis B Virus Serology Profile-Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Positive/Hepatitis B Core Antibody-Negative-In Hepatitis B Virus/HIV Coinfected Individuals in Botswana. Viruses 2023;15:1544. [PMID: 37515230 PMCID: PMC10383918 DOI: 10.3390/v15071544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open

Affiliation(s)

Bonolo B. Phinius Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Private Bag BO 320, Gaborone, Botswana; (B.B.P.); (M.A.); (W.T.C.); (T.R.); (B.P.); (G.M.); (D.D.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (S.M.) School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.M.); (I.G.)
Motswedi Anderson Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Private Bag BO 320, Gaborone, Botswana; (B.B.P.); (M.A.); (W.T.C.); (T.R.); (B.P.); (G.M.); (D.D.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (S.M.)
Margaret Mokomane School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.M.); (I.G.)
Irene Gobe School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.M.); (I.G.)
Wonderful T. Choga Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Private Bag BO 320, Gaborone, Botswana; (B.B.P.); (M.A.); (W.T.C.); (T.R.); (B.P.); (G.M.); (D.D.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (S.M.) School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.M.); (I.G.)
Tsholofelo Ratsoma Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Private Bag BO 320, Gaborone, Botswana; (B.B.P.); (M.A.); (W.T.C.); (T.R.); (B.P.); (G.M.); (D.D.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (S.M.)
Basetsana Phakedi Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Private Bag BO 320, Gaborone, Botswana; (B.B.P.); (M.A.); (W.T.C.); (T.R.); (B.P.); (G.M.); (D.D.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (S.M.)
Gorata Mpebe Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Private Bag BO 320, Gaborone, Botswana; (B.B.P.); (M.A.); (W.T.C.); (T.R.); (B.P.); (G.M.); (D.D.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (S.M.)
Doreen Ditshwanelo Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Private Bag BO 320, Gaborone, Botswana; (B.B.P.); (M.A.); (W.T.C.); (T.R.); (B.P.); (G.M.); (D.D.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (S.M.)
Rosemary Musonda Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Private Bag BO 320, Gaborone, Botswana; (B.B.P.); (M.A.); (W.T.C.); (T.R.); (B.P.); (G.M.); (D.D.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (S.M.)
Joseph Makhema Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Private Bag BO 320, Gaborone, Botswana; (B.B.P.); (M.A.); (W.T.C.); (T.R.); (B.P.); (G.M.); (D.D.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (S.M.) Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Sikhulile Moyo Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Private Bag BO 320, Gaborone, Botswana; (B.B.P.); (M.A.); (W.T.C.); (T.R.); (B.P.); (G.M.); (D.D.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (S.M.) School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana; (M.M.); (I.G.) Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
Simani Gaseitsiwe Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Private Bag BO 320, Gaborone, Botswana; (B.B.P.); (M.A.); (W.T.C.); (T.R.); (B.P.); (G.M.); (D.D.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (S.M.) Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA

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Kafeero HM, Ndagire D, Ocama P, Kato CD, Wampande E, Walusansa A, Kajumbula H, Kateete D, Ssenku JE, Sendagire H. Mapping hepatitis B virus genotypes on the African continent from 1997 to 2021: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023;13:5723. [PMID: 37029173 PMCID: PMC10082212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has ten genotypes (A-J) and over 40 sub-genotypes based on the divergence of ≥ 8% and 4 to < 8% in the complete genome respectively. These genotypes and sub-genotypes influence the disease prognosis, response to therapy and route of viral transmission. Besides, infection with mixed genotypes and recombinant genotypes has also been reported. This study aimed at mapping the de novo genotypes and correlate them with the immigration trends in order to inform future research on the underlying reasons for the relative distribution of HBV genotypes from a large sample size pooled from many primary studies. Data was extracted from 59 full research articles obtained from Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, Willy library, African Journal Online (AJOL) and Google Scholar. Studies that investigated the genotypes, sub-genotypes, mixed genotypes and recombinant were included. The Z-test and regression were used for the analysis. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42022300220. Overall, genotype E had the highest pooled prevalence significantly higher than all the other genotypes (P < 0.001). By region, genotype A posted the highest pooled prevalence in eastern and southern Africa, E in west Africa and D in north Africa (P < 0.0001). Regarding the emerging genotypes B and C on the African continent, genotype B was significantly higher in south Africa than C (P < 0.001). In contrast, genotype C was significantly higher in east Africa than west Africa (P < 0.0001). The A1 and D/E were the most diverse sub-genotypes and genotype mixtures respectively. Finally, we observed a general progressive decrease in the prevalence of predominant genotypes but a progressive increase in the less dominant by region. Historical and recent continental and intercontinental migrations can provide a plausible explanation for the HBV genotype distribution pattern on the African continent.

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Mitchell T, Nayagam JS, Dusheiko G, Agarwal K. Health inequalities in the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in patients from sub-Saharan Africa in high-income countries. JHEP REPORTS : INNOVATION IN HEPATOLOGY 2022;5:100623. [PMID: 36636709 PMCID: PMC9829705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]

Anejo-Okopi J, Okeke E, Davwar PM, Onwuamah C, Onywera H, Omaiye P, Duguru M, Okojokwu OJ, Ujah OI, Jonathan B, George CA, Crown RS, Yakubu FB, Sokei JO, Okoli LC, Audu O, Inzaule SC, Abah IO, Agaba P, Agbaji OO, Sagay AS, Hawkins C. Molecular detection of hepatitis B virus genotype E with immune escape mutations in chronic hepatitis B patients on long-term antiviral therapy in Jos, Nigeria. Afr J Lab Med 2022;11:1677. [PMID: 36337771 PMCID: PMC9634812 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open

Affiliation(s)

Joseph Anejo-Okopi Department of Microbiology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Edith Okeke Department of Internal Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Pantong M. Davwar Department of Internal Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Chika Onwuamah Center for Human Virology and Genomics Nigeria Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
Harris Onywera Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Research, Innovations, and Academics Unit, Tunacare Services Health Providers Limited, Nairobi, Kenya
Patience Omaiye Department of Internal Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Mary Duguru Department of Internal Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Ocheme J. Okojokwu Department of Microbiology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Otobo I. Ujah Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
Bulus Jonathan Department of Family Medicine, Plateau State Specialist Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Chima A. George Department of Family Medicine, Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Ramyil S. Crown Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Fiyaktu B. Yakubu Department of Chemical Pathology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Judith O. Sokei Center for Human Virology and Genomics Nigeria Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
Leona C. Okoli Center for Human Virology and Genomics Nigeria Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
Onyemocho Audu Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
Seth C. Inzaule Department of HIV and Global Hepatitis Program, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Isaac O. Abah Department of Pharmacology, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Patricia Agaba AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria Department of Family Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Oche O. Agbaji Department of Internal Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Atiene S. Sagay Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Claudia Hawkins Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States

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Zhou G, Chen C, Han G, Jiang H, Cao M. Relationship between different hepatitis B virus infection status and gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence among pregnant women with chronic HBV infection: A retrospective study. J Viral Hepat 2022;29:596-603. [PMID: 35582862 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]

Uche EI, Chukwukaodinaka NE, Akinbami AA, Adeyemi OI, Hassan AO, Bamiro RA, Ibrahim IN, Suleiman AM, Augustine B, Anaduaka DC. Common hepatitis B virus genotypes among blood donors in Lagos, Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 2022;29:228-235. [PMID: 35900459 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_19_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]

Chen CY, Hajinicolaou C, Walabh P, Ingasia LAO, Song E, Kramvis A. Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus (HBV) isolated from a pediatric case of acute lymphoid leukemia, with a delayed response to antiviral treatment: a case report. BMC Pediatr 2022;22:168. [PMID: 35361141 PMCID: PMC8969373 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open

Reuter TQ, Gomes-Gouvea M, Chuffi S, Duque UH, Carvalho JA, Perini W, Queiroz MM, Segal IM, Azevedo RS, Pinho JRR. Hepatitis B virus genotypes and subgenotypes and the natural history and epidemiology of hepatitis B. Ann Hepatol 2022;27 Suppl 1:100574. [PMID: 34743021 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2021.100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]

Affiliation(s)

Tania Queiroz Reuter LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Infectology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Cassiano Antônio de Moraes University Hospital, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
Michele Gomes-Gouvea LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
Samira Chuffi LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
Ulisses Horst Duque Infectology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Cassiano Antônio de Moraes University Hospital, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
José Americo Carvalho Infectology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Cassiano Antônio de Moraes University Hospital, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
Waltesia Perini Infectology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Cassiano Antônio de Moraes University Hospital, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
Marcello Moro Queiroz Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Vitória, Brazil
Ingrid Marques Segal Infectology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Cassiano Antônio de Moraes University Hospital, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
Raymundo Soares Azevedo Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
João Renato Rebello Pinho LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; LIM-03, Central Laboratories Division, Clinics Hospital, São Paulo School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, SãoPaulo, Brazil.

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Comparison of Two Diagnostic Methods for the Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes in the Slovak Republic. Pathogens 2021;11:pathogens11010020. [PMID: 35055968 PMCID: PMC8780131 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open

Philips CA, Ahamed R, Abduljaleel JK, Rajesh S, Augustine P. Critical Updates on Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in 2021. Cureus 2021;13:e19152. [PMID: 34733599 PMCID: PMC8557099 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open

Romero‐Cordero S, Noguera‐Julian A, Cardellach F, Fortuny C, Morén C. Mitochondrial changes associated with viral infectious diseases in the paediatric population. Rev Med Virol 2021;31:e2232. [PMID: 33792105 PMCID: PMC9286481 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]

de Villiers MJ, Nayagam S, Hallett TB. The impact of the timely birth dose vaccine on the global elimination of hepatitis B. Nat Commun 2021;12:6223. [PMID: 34711822 PMCID: PMC8553835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open

Liu JF, Chen TY, Zhao YR. Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus: propositions and future directions. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021;134:2825-2831. [PMID: 34636774 PMCID: PMC8667965 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open

Challenges for hepatitis B virus cure in resource-limited settings in sub-Saharan Africa. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2021;15:185-192. [PMID: 32141888 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]

Moutchia J, Njouom R, Rumpler E, Besombes C, Texier G, Tejiokem M, Crépey P, Fontanet A, Shimakawa Y. Maternal age at first childbirth and geographical variation in HBV prevalence in Cameroon: Important role of mother-to-child transmission. Clin Infect Dis 2021;74:836-845. [PMID: 34125878 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus genotypes among patients with liver disease in Eritrea. Sci Rep 2021;11:11323. [PMID: 34059763 PMCID: PMC8166852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90836-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open

In vitro expression of precore proteins of hepatitis B virus subgenotype A1 is affected by HBcAg, and can affect HBsAg secretion. Sci Rep 2021;11:8167. [PMID: 33854155 PMCID: PMC8046783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open

Abstract

HBeAg, a non-particulate protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV), is translated from the precore/core region as a precursor, which is post-translationally modified. Subgenotype A1 of HBV, which is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has unique molecular characteristics in the basic core promoter/precore regions. Carriers of A1 exhibit early HBeAg loss. We sought to further characterize the precore proteins of A1 in vitro. HuH-7 cells were transfected with subgenomic constructs expressing individual precore proteins. Western blot analysis using DAKO anti-core antibody showed the expected sizes and a 1 kDa larger band for P22, P20 and P17. Using confocal microscopy, a cytoplasmic accumulation of HBeAg and precursors was observed with P25-expressing plasmid, whereas P22 localized both in the cytoplasm and nucleus. P20 and P17, which lack the carboxy end of P22 showed strong nuclear accumulation, implicating a nuclear localization signal in the N-terminal 10 amino acids. G1862T, unique to subgenotype A1, is frequently found in HBV from HCC patients. P25 with G1862T showed delayed and reduced HBeAg expression/secretion. Knock-out of core in the replication competent clones led to precore protein accumulation in the cytoplasm/perinuclear region, and decreased HBeAg secretion. Knock-out of precore proteins increased HBsAg secretion but intracellular HBsAg expression was unaffected. Over-expression of precore proteins in trans led to decreased HBsAg expression and secretion. Intracellular trafficking of HBV A1 precore proteins was followed. This was unaffected by the CMV promoter and different cell types. In the viral context, precore protein expression was affected by absence of core, and affected HBsAg expression, suggesting an interrelationship between precore proteins, HBcAg and HBsAg. This modulatory role of HBeAg and its precursors may be important in viral persistence and ultimate development of HCC.

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Toyé RM, Lô G, Diop-Ndiaye H, Cissé AM, Ndiaye AJS, Kébé-Fall K, Dramé A, Cohen D, Pujol FH, Mboup S, Boye CS, Chemin I, Laborde-Balen G, Taverne B, Touré-Kane C. Prevalence and molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-infected children in Senegal. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021;45:101502. [PMID: 32828748 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is the region with the most patients co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide. However, few studies have focused on SSA children who are at a higher risk of developing a chronic infection than adults. Furthermore, children on first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) including low genetic barrier drugs may develop both HBV and HIV resistance mutations. The aim of this work was to document HIV-HBV co-infection and to characterize the HBV isolates in children in Senegal.

METHODS

This is a retrospective study of 613 children infected with HIV on ART or not. Dried blood spot (DBS) specimens were used to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with a rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Confirmation of HBsAg status and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) detection was performed on an automated platform using the chemiluminescence assay technology. HBV viral DNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the preS1/preS2/HBsAg region was genotyped by nested PCR followed by sequencing using the Sanger technique.

RESULTS

The prevalence of HIV-HBV co-infection was 4.1% (25/613). The median age of co-infected children was 13 years (2 years-16 years) and 40% (10/25) were girls. Almost all 19/20 (95%) were infected with HIV-1 and 79% (19/24) were treated with 3TC-based triple combination ART. The median duration of time on ART was 15 months (3 months-80 months). More than half of the children 53% (9/17) were experiencing HIV virologic failure and 75% (6/8) had at least one HIV-related resistance-associated mutation (RAM). Of the six children with resistance, none of the three administered treatments were effective on HIV. Of the 25 co-infected children, 82% (18/22) were HBeAg-positive, while the median HBV viral load (VL) was 6.20 log₁₀ IU/mL (24/25 patients), and 62,5% (10/16) of the children had a persistent HBV viremia. Combination of ART was the only factor associated with HBV viremia persistence. Amplification was successful in 15 out of 16 patients (rate of 94%), and the ensuing phylogenetic analysis revealed that eight strains (53%) belonged to genotype A and seven (47%) to genotype E. HBV-related 3TC RAMs were uncovered in 20% of these patients (3/15). HBsAg escape mutations were found in 20% of the children (3/15).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results showed a high level of drug resistance mutations to both HIV and HBV, a significant level of HBsAg escape mutations, HBV DNA persistence and HIV virologic failure in co-infected children in Senegal. The HBV genotypes found were A and E.

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Affiliation(s)

Rayana Maryse Toyé Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie (LBV), CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal; Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation (Iressef), BP 7325, 20000 Diamniadio, Sénégal; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1052, CRCL, 151 Cours Albert Thomas, 69003 Lyon, France.
Gora Lô Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation (Iressef), BP 7325, 20000 Diamniadio, Sénégal; Centre Médical Inter-Armées (CMIA), Dakar, Sénégal
Halimatou Diop-Ndiaye Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie (LBV), CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal; Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation (Iressef), BP 7325, 20000 Diamniadio, Sénégal
Abdoul Magib Cissé Service de Pédiatrie, Établissement Public de Santé (EPS) de Mbour, UFR Sciences de la Santé de Thiès, Sénégal
Anna Julienne Selbé Ndiaye Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie (LBV), CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal; Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation (Iressef), BP 7325, 20000 Diamniadio, Sénégal
Khady Kébé-Fall Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie (LBV), CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
Aboubakri Dramé Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie (LBV), CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
Damien Cohen Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1052, CRCL, 151 Cours Albert Thomas, 69003 Lyon, France
Flor Helene Pujol Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CMBC, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
Souleymane Mboup Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation (Iressef), BP 7325, 20000 Diamniadio, Sénégal
Cheikh Saad Boye Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie (LBV), CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
Isabelle Chemin Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1052, CRCL, 151 Cours Albert Thomas, 69003 Lyon, France
Gabrièle Laborde-Balen Centre régional de Recherche et de Formation à la Prise en Charge Clinique de Fann (CRCF), Dakar, Sénégal
Bernard Taverne Centre régional de Recherche et de Formation à la Prise en Charge Clinique de Fann (CRCF), Dakar, Sénégal
Coumba Touré-Kane Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie (LBV), CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal; Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation (Iressef), BP 7325, 20000 Diamniadio, Sénégal

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Liu Y, May L, Liu X, Martin R, Svarovskaia E, Gaggar A, Mo H, Feierbach B. Developing a sensitive HBV genotyping assay for HBV DNA suppressed patients using both DNA and RNA sequencing. J Med Virol 2020;92:3420-3425. [PMID: 32609910 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]

Oliveira D, Pereira F, Martins MDR, Castro R, Cordeiro L, Fronteira I. A systematic review of the maternal and neonatal complications in hepatitis B infection. J Clin Virol 2020;133:104680. [PMID: 33186874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]

Ingasia LAO, Kostaki EG, Paraskevis D, Kramvis A. Global and regional dispersal patterns of hepatitis B virus genotype E from and in Africa: A full-genome molecular analysis. PLoS One 2020;15:e0240375. [PMID: 33031453 PMCID: PMC7544117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open

Boucheron P, Lu Y, Yoshida K, Zhao T, Funk AL, Lunel-Fabiani F, Guingané A, Tuaillon E, van Holten J, Chou R, Bulterys M, Shimakawa Y. Accuracy of HBeAg to identify pregnant women at risk of transmitting hepatitis B virus to their neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020;21:85-96. [PMID: 32805201 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) involves neonatal immunoprophylaxis, with a birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine and immune globulin, and provision of peripartum antiviral prophylaxis in highly viraemic women. However, access to assays to quantify HBV DNA levels remains inadequate in resource-poor settings. This study was commissioned by WHO and aimed to identify the HBV DNA threshold for MTCT, to assess the sensitivity and specificity of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) testing to identify pregnant women with HBV DNA levels above this threshold, and to predict MTCT of HBV infection on the basis of HBeAg testing.

METHODS

For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, CENTRAL, CNKI, and Wanfang databases for studies of pregnant women with chronic HBV infection without concurrent antiviral therapy, published between Jan 1, 2000, and April 3, 2019. Studies were eligible for inclusion if MTCT in mother-child pairs could be stratified by different levels of maternal HBV DNA during pregnancy, if maternal HBeAg status could be stratified by HBV DNA level, and if the MTCT status of infants could be stratified by maternal HBeAg status during pregnancy. Studies that selected pregnant women on the basis of HBeAg serostatus or HBV DNA levels were excluded. Aggregate data were extracted from eligible studies by use of a pre-piloted form; study authors were contacted to clarify any uncertainties about potential duplication or if crucial information was missing. To pool sensitivities and specificities of maternal HBeAg to identify highly viraemic women and to predict MTCT events, we used the DerSimonian-Laird bivariate random effects model. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42019138227.

FINDINGS

Of 9007 articles identified, 67 articles (comprising 66 studies) met the inclusion criteria. The risk of MTCT despite infant immunoprophylaxis was negligible (0·04%, 95% CI 0·00-0·25) below a maternal HBV DNA level of 5·30 log₁₀ IU/mL (200 000 IU/mL) and increased above this threshold. The pooled sensitivity of HBeAg testing to identify HBV DNA levels of 5·30 log₁₀ IU/mL or greater in pregnant women was 88·2% (83·9-91·5) and pooled specificity was 92·6% (90·0-94·5). The pooled sensitivity of HBeAg testing in predicting MTCT of HBV infection despite infant immunoprophylaxis was 99·5% (95% CI 91·7-100) and pooled specificity was 62·2% (55·2-68·7).

INTERPRETATION

Maternal HBV DNA of 5·30 log₁₀ IU/mL or greater appears to be the optimal threshold for MTCT of HBV infection despite infant immunoprophylaxis. HBeAg is accurate to identify women with HBV DNA levels above this threshold and has high sensitivity to predict cases of immunoprophylaxis failure. In areas where HBV DNA assays are unavailable, HBeAg can be used as an alternative to assess eligibility for antiviral prophylaxis.

FUNDING

World Health Organization.

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Sonderup MW, Dusheiko G, Desalegn H, Lemoine M, Tzeuton C, Taylor-Robinson SD, Spearman CW. Hepatitis B in sub-Saharan Africa-How many patients need therapy? J Viral Hepat 2020;27:560-567. [PMID: 31800145 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]

Mojsiejczuk L, Torres C, Flichman D, Campos RH. Long-term evolution of hepatitis B virus genotype F: Strong association between viral diversification and the prehistoric settlement of Central and South America. J Viral Hepat 2020;27:620-630. [PMID: 32052519 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]

Peculiarities in the designations of hepatitis B virus genes, their products, and their antigenic specificities: a potential source of misunderstandings. Virus Genes 2020;56:109-119. [PMID: 32026198 PMCID: PMC7093336 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]

Nie J, Kang L, Pian Y, Gao Z, Hu J. Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen in coastal area of Tianjin, China. Future Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]

Huang J, Jing M, Wang C, Wang M, You S, Lin S, Zhu Y. The impact of hepatitis B virus infection status on the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A population-based study. J Med Virol 2019;92:1191-1197. [PMID: 31691993 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]

Pettersson JHO, Myking S, Elshaug H, Bygdås KIE, Stene-Johansen K. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in Norway. BMC Infect Dis 2019;19:236. [PMID: 30845915 PMCID: PMC6407267 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open

Abstract

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a serious global health challenge. The widespread distribution of HBV is highlighted by multiple HBV genotypes associated with different geographical origin and transmission patterns, as well as, clinical outcomes. Investigating population HBV genotype composition and origin is therefore highly warranted.

Methods

In this molecular epidemiological study we analysed 1157 HBV S-gene sequences collected from patients in Norway, primarily in the period 2004–2011, and linked them to epidemiological data from the Norwegian surveillance system for communicable diseases.

Results

Of the patients with reported country of infection (n = 909), 10% (n = 93) were infected in Norway, but the majority (n = 816; 90%) stated that they became infected outside of Norway. Of the patients infected outside of Norway, most became infected in Southeast and East Asia (n = 465; 51%) and Central, West, and North Africa (n = 254; 28%). The distribution of HBV genotypes in Norway is dominated by genotype D (32%) followed by genotype A (22%), B and C (18 and 18%, respectively), and E (7%). Genotype B, C and E were phylogenetically categorized by a majority of sequences originating from distinct geographical regions, either Asia or Africa, whereas genotype A and D originated from multiple geographic regions. However, within genotype A and D, our molecular epidemiology analysis indicated a geographical clustering of sequences depending on their geographical origin.

Conclusions

The majority of HBV patients in Norway became infected outside of Norway and were represented by most common genotypes. Patients stated to have been infected in Norway were found primarily within genotype A and D, and were phylogenetically characterized by both small local clusters and interspersed sequences that clustered with non-Norwegian sequences, indicating that a proportion of the patients assumed to have been infected in Norway likely became infected outside of Norway although assumed the contrary.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-3868-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Kramvis A, Kostaki EG, Hatzakis A, Paraskevis D. Immunomodulatory Function of HBeAg Related to Short-Sighted Evolution, Transmissibility, and Clinical Manifestation of Hepatitis B Virus. Front Microbiol 2018;9:2521. [PMID: 30405578 PMCID: PMC6207641 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, a global public health problem can be asymptomatic, acute or chronic and can lead to serious consequences of infection, including cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV, a partially double stranded DNA virus, belongs to the family Hepadnaviridae, and replicates via reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. This reverse transcription is catalyzed by a virus-encoded polymerase that lacks proof reading ability, which leads to sequence heterogeneity. HBV is classified into nine genotypes and at least 35 subgenotypes, which may be characterized by distinct geographical distributions. This HBV diversification and distinct geographical distribution has been proposed to be the result of the co-expansion of HBV with modern humans, after their out-of-Africa migration. HBeAg is a non-particulate protein of HBV that has immunomodulatory properties as a tolerogen that allows the virus to establish HBV infection in vivo. During the natural course of infection, there is seroconversion from a HBeAg-positive phase to a HBeAg-negative, anti-HBe-positive phase. During this seroconversion, there is loss of tolerance to infection and immune escape-HBeAg-negative mutants can be selected in response to the host immune response. The different genotypes and, in some cases, subgenotypes develop different mutations that can affect HBeAg expression at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. The ability to develop mutations, affecting HBeAg expression, can influence the length of the HBeAg-positive phase, which is important in determining both the mode of transmission and the clinical course of HBV infection. Thus, the different genotypes/subgenotypes have evolved in such a way that they exhibit different modes of transmission and clinical manifestation of infection. Loss of HBeAg may be a sign of short-sighted evolution because there is loss of tolerogenic ability of HBeAg and HBeAg-negative virions are less transmissible. Depending on their ability to lead to HBeAg seroconversion, the genotype/subgenotypes exhibit varying degrees of short-sighted evolution. The “arms race” between HBV and the immune response to HBeAg is multifaceted and its elucidation intricate, with transmissibility and persistence being important for the survival of the virus. We attempt to shed some light on this complex interplay between host and virus.

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Velkov S, Ott JJ, Protzer U, Michler T. The Global Hepatitis B Virus Genotype Distribution Approximated from Available Genotyping Data. Genes (Basel) 2018;9:genes9100495. [PMID: 30326600 PMCID: PMC6210291 DOI: 10.3390/genes9100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open

Caballero A, Tabernero D, Buti M, Rodriguez-Frias F. Hepatitis B virus: The challenge of an ancient virus with multiple faces and a remarkable replication strategy. Antiviral Res 2018;158:34-44. [PMID: 30059722 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]

Abstract

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the prototype member of the Hepadnaviridae, an ancient family of hepatotropic DNA viruses, which may have originated from 360 to 430 million years ago and with evidence of endogenization in reptilian genomes >200 million years ago. The virus is currently estimated to infect more than 250 million humans. The extremely successful spread of this pathogen among the human population is explained by its multiple particulate forms, effective transmission strategies (particularly perinatal transmission), long induction period and low associated mortality. These characteristics confer selective advantages, enabling the virus to persist in small, disperse populations and spread worldwide, with high prevalence rates in many countries. The HBV replication strategy is remarkably complex and includes a multiplicity of particulate structures. In addition to the common virions containing DNA in a relaxed circular (rcDNA) or double-stranded linear (dslDNA) forms, the viral population includes virion-like particles containing RNA or "empty" (viral envelopes and capsids without genomes), subviral particles (only an envelope) and even naked capsids. Consequently, several forms of the genome coexist in a single infection: (i) the "traveler" forms found in serum, including rcDNA and dslDNA, which originate from retrotranscription of a messenger RNA (the pregenomic RNA, another form of the viral genome itself) and (ii) forms confined to the host cell nucleus, including covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which leads to a minichromosome form associated with histones and viral proteins, and double-stranded DNA integrated into the host genome. This complex composition lends HBV a kind of "multiple personality". Are these additional particles and genomic forms simple intermediaries/artifacts or do they play a role in the viral life cycle?

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Anderson M, Choga WT, Moyo S, Bell TG, Mbangiwa T, Phinius BB, Bhebhe L, Sebunya TK, Makhema J, Marlink R, Kramvis A, Essex M, Musonda RM, Blackard JT, Gaseitsiwe S. In Silico Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Occult Associated Mutations in Botswana Using a Novel Algorithm. Genes (Basel) 2018;9:genes9090420. [PMID: 30134551 PMCID: PMC6162659 DOI: 10.3390/genes9090420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open

Affiliation(s)

Motswedi Anderson Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana. Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Wonderful T Choga Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Sikhulile Moyo Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana. Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Trevor Graham Bell Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit (HVDRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
Tshepiso Mbangiwa Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Bonolo B Phinius Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Lynette Bhebhe Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Theresa K Sebunya Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Joseph Makhema Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana. Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Richard Marlink Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana. Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Rutgers Global Health Institute, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA.
Anna Kramvis Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit (HVDRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
Max Essex Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana. Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Rosemary M Musonda Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Jason T Blackard College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Simani Gaseitsiwe Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana. Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

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Kostaki EG, Karamitros T, Stefanou G, Mamais I, Angelis K, Hatzakis A, Kramvis A, Paraskevis D. Unravelling the history of hepatitis B virus genotypes A and D infection using a full-genome phylogenetic and phylogeographic approach. eLife 2018;7:36709. [PMID: 30082021 PMCID: PMC6118819 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open

Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;3:383-403. [PMID: 29599078 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(18)30056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1147] [Impact Index Per Article: 191.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030. Although no virological cure exists for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, existing therapies to control viral replication and prophylaxis to minimise mother-to-child transmission make elimination of HBV feasible. We aimed to estimate the national, regional, and global prevalence of HBsAg in the general population and in the population aged 5 years in 2016, as well as coverage of prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment.

METHODS

In this modelling study, we used a Delphi process that included a literature review in PubMed and Embase, followed by interviews with experts, to quantify the historical epidemiology of HBV infection. We then used a dynamic HBV transmission and progression model to estimate the country-level and regional-level prevalence of HBsAg in 2016 and the effect of prophylaxis and treatment on disease burden.

FINDINGS

We developed models for 120 countries, 78 of which were populated with data approved by experts. Using these models, we estimated that the global prevalence of HBsAg in 2016 was 3·9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·4-4·6), corresponding to 291 992 000 (251 513 000-341 114 000) infections. Of these infections, around 29 million (10%) were diagnosed, and only 4·8 million (5%) of 94 million individuals eligible for treatment actually received antiviral therapy. Around 1·8 (1·6-2·2) million infections were in children aged 5 years, with a prevalence of 1·4% (1·2-1·6). We estimated that 87% of infants had received the three-dose HBV vaccination in the first year of life, 46% had received timely birth-dose vaccination, and 13% had received hepatitis B immunoglobulin along with the full vaccination regimen. Less than 1% of mothers with a high viral load had received antiviral therapy to reduce mother-to-child transmission.

INTERPRETATION

Our estimate of HBV prevalence in 2016 differs from previous studies, potentially because we took into account the effect of infant prophylaxis and early childhood vaccination, as well as changing prevalence over time. Although some regions are well on their way to meeting prophylaxis and prevalence targets, all regions must substantially scale-up access to diagnosis and treatment to meet the global targets.

FUNDING

John C Martin Foundation.

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Seck A, Ndiaye F, Maylin S, Ndiaye B, Simon F, Funk AL, Fontanet A, Takahashi K, Akbar SMF, Mishiro S, Bercion R, Vray M, Shimakawa Y. Poor Sensitivity of Commercial Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Hepatitis B e Antigen in Senegal, West Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018;99:428-434. [PMID: 29869595 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open

Khatun M, Mondal RK, Pal S, Baidya A, Bishnu D, Banerjee P, Santra AK, Dhali GK, Banerjee S, Chowdhury A, Datta S. Distinctiveness in virological features and pathogenic potentials of subgenotypes D1, D2, D3 and D5 of Hepatitis B virus. Sci Rep 2018;8:8055. [PMID: 29795338 PMCID: PMC5966457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open

Affiliation(s)

Mousumi Khatun Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (I.P.G.M.E. & R.), Kolkata, India
Rajiv Kumar Mondal Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (I.P.G.M.E. & R.), Kolkata, India
Sourina Pal Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (I.P.G.M.E. & R.), Kolkata, India
Ayana Baidya Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (I.P.G.M.E. & R.), Kolkata, India
Debasree Bishnu Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (I.P.G.M.E. & R.), Kolkata, India
Priyanka Banerjee Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (I.P.G.M.E. & R.), Kolkata, India
Amal Kumar Santra Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (I.P.G.M.E. & R.), Kolkata, India
Gopal Krishna Dhali Department of Gastroenterology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (I.P.G.M.E. & R.), Kolkata, India
Soma Banerjee Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (I.P.G.M.E. & R.), Kolkata, India
Abhijit Chowdhury Department of Hepatology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (I.P.G.M.E. & R.), Kolkata, India
Simanti Datta Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (I.P.G.M.E. & R.), Kolkata, India.

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Mammas IN, Greenough A, Theodoridou M, Kramvis A, Rusan M, Melidou A, Korovessi P, Papaioannou G, Papatheodoropoulou A, Koutsaftiki C, Liston M, Sourvinos G, Spandidos DA. Paediatric Virology and its interaction between basic science and clinical practice (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018;41:1165-1176. [PMID: 29328393 PMCID: PMC5819919 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open

Sanou AM, Benkirane K, Tinto B, Cissé A, Sagna T, Ilboudo AK, Dording C, Tarnagda Z, Muller CP, Hübschen JM. Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis D virus Coinfection in Western Burkina Faso and molecular characterization of the detected virus strains. Int J Infect Dis 2018;70:15-19. [PMID: 29432880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open

Schillie S, Vellozzi C, Reingold A, Harris A, Haber P, Ward JW, Nelson NP. Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recomm Rep 2018;67:1-31. [PMID: 29939980 PMCID: PMC5837403 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.rr6701a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open

Mammas IN, Spandidos DA. The innovation of the subspecialty of Paediatric Virology: An interview with Research Professor of Molecular Virology Anna Kramvis. Exp Ther Med 2017;14:3335-3337. [PMID: 29042915 PMCID: PMC5639389 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open