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Arimura K, Kikuchi K, Sato Y, Miura H, Sato A, Katsura H, Kondo M, Itabashi M, Tagaya E. SARS-CoV-2 co-detection with other respiratory pathogens-descriptive epidemiological study. Respir Investig 2024; 62:884-888. [PMID: 39098246 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-detection of respiratory pathogens with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is poorly understood. This descriptive epidemiological study aimed to determine the effect of the interaction of different respiratory pathogens on clinical variables. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the results of comprehensive multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing from November 2020 to March 2023 to estimate respiratory pathogen co-detection rates in Shinjuku, Tokyo. We evaluated the interactions of respiratory pathogens, particularly SARS-CoV-2, between observed and expected co-detection. We estimated the trend of co-detection with SARS-CoV-2 in terms of age and sex and applied a multiple logistic regression model adjusted for age, testing period, and sex to identify influencing factors between co-detection and single detection for each pathogen. RESULTS Among 57,746 patients who underwent multiplex PCR testing, 10,516 (18.2%) had positive for at least one of the 22 pathogens. Additionally, 881 (1.5%) patients were confirmed to have a co-detection. SARS-CoV-2 exhibited negative interactions with adenovirus, coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and rhino/enterovirus. SARS-CoV-2 co-detection with other pathogens occurred most frequently in patients of the youngest age group (0-4 years). A multiple logistic regression model indicated that younger age was the most influential factor for SARS-CoV-2 co-detection with other respiratory pathogens. CONCLUSION The study highlights the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 co-detection with other respiratory pathogens in younger age groups, necessitating further exploration of the clinical implications and severity of SARS-CoV-2 co-detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Arimura
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Department of Respiratory Medicine, 8-1, Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 1628666, Japan.
| | - Ken Kikuchi
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Department of Infectious Diseases, 8-1, Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 1628666, Japan
| | - Yasuto Sato
- Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, 4-27-2, Kita ando, Aoi, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 4200881, Japan
| | - Hitomi Miura
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Central Clinical Laboratory, 8-1, Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 1628666, Japan
| | - Asako Sato
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, 8-1, Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 1628666, Japan
| | - Hideki Katsura
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Department of Respiratory Medicine, 8-1, Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 1628666, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Kondo
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Department of Respiratory Medicine, 8-1, Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 1628666, Japan
| | - Michio Itabashi
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Department of Surgery, Division of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Surgery, 8-1, Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 1628666, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tagaya
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Department of Respiratory Medicine, 8-1, Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 1628666, Japan
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Liu HF, Fu HM. Discussion on 'External validation of two clinical prediction models for mortality in COVID-19 patients (4C and NEWS2), in three centers in Medellín, Colombia: Assessing the impact of vaccination over time'. Infect Dis Now 2024; 54:104960. [PMID: 39098757 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Children's Hospital & Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650034, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Hong-Min Fu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Children's Hospital & Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650034, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650034, China.
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3
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Noffel Z, Dobrovolny HM. Modeling the bystander effect during viral coinfection. J Theor Biol 2024; 594:111928. [PMID: 39168369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Viral coinfections are responsible for a significant portion of cases of patients hospitalized with influenza-like illness. As our awareness of viral coinfections has increased, researchers have started to experimentally examine some of the virus-virus interactions underlying these infections. One mechanism of interaction between viruses is through the innate immune response. This seems to occur primarily through the interferon response, which generates an antiviral state in nearby uninfected cells, a phenomenon know as the bystander effect. Here, we develop a mathematical model of two viruses interacting through the bystander effect. We find that when the rate of removal of cells to the protected state is high, growth of the first virus is suppressed, while the second virus enjoys sole access to the protected cells, enhancing its growth. Conversely, growth of the second virus can be fully suppressed if its ability to infect the protected cells is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakarya Noffel
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Computer Science, Asutin, TX, United States
| | - Hana M Dobrovolny
- Texas Christian University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Fort Worth, 76129, TX, United States.
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4
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Paradis S, Van Der Pol B, Kaatz NA, Davis TE, Ledeboer NA, Faron ML, Laviers W, Lockamy E, Yanson KA. Clinical Performance of the BD Respiratory Viral Panel for BD MAX™ System in Detecting SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A and B, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 110:116482. [PMID: 39142094 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Using a nasopharyngeal (NP) or anterior nasal (NS) swab from prospectively collected or retrospective specimens, we assessed the clinical performance of the BD Respiratory Viral Panel (BD RVP) for BD MAX System against FDA-cleared or authorized comparators. Across prospective and retrospective specimens, positive percent agreement (PPA) was ≥ 98.4% for SARS-CoV-2, ≥ 96.7% for influenza (flu) A, ≥ 91.7% for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and 100% for flu B (retrospective only) while negative percent agreement (NPA) was ≥ 97.7% across all targets, leading to the assay FDA clearance. A head-to-head comparison of NS versus NP results with BD RVP was also performed; PPA was ≥ 90% and NPA ≥ 98.2% for SARS-CoV-2, flu A and RSV. These findings confirm that the BD MAX RVP assay performs well for detection and differentiation of the three viruses in NP and NS specimens, with strong interrater agreements for NS versus NP comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Paradis
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, BD Life Sciences - Diagnostic Solutions, 2100 Derry Rd. West, #100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Barbara Van Der Pol
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Thomas E Davis
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nathan A Ledeboer
- The Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Matthew L Faron
- The Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - William Laviers
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, BD Life Sciences - Diagnostic Solutions, 7 Loveton Circle, Sparks, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lockamy
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, BD Life Sciences - Diagnostic Solutions, 7 Loveton Circle, Sparks, MD, USA
| | - Karen A Yanson
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, BD Life Sciences - Diagnostic Solutions, 7 Loveton Circle, Sparks, MD, USA
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5
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Bose-Brill S, Hirabayashi K, Schwimmer E, Pajor NM, Rao S, Mejias A, Jhaveri R, Forrest CB, Bailey LC, Christakis DA, Thacker D, Hanley PC, Patel PB, Cogen JD, Block JP, Prahalad P, Lorman V, Lee GM. Pediatric Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Prescribing Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Hosp Pediatr 2024; 14:e341-e348. [PMID: 39076115 PMCID: PMC11287060 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2023-007132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study seeks to identify demographic and clinical factors prompting clinician prescribing of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir to pediatric patients for management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. METHODS Patients aged 12 to 17 years with a COVID-19 infection and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescription during an outpatient clinical encounter within a PEDSnet-affiliated institution between January 2022 and August 2023 were identified using electronic health record data. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescription after adjusting for various factors. RESULTS A total of 20 959 patients aged 12 to 17 years were diagnosed with a COVID-19 infection on the basis of an electronic health record-documented positive polymerase chain reaction or antigen test or diagnosis during an outpatient clinical visit. Of these patients, 408 received a nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescription within 5 days of diagnosis. Higher odds of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment were associated with having chronic or complex chronic disease (chronic: odds ratio [OR] 2.50 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83-3.38]; complex chronic: OR 2.21 [95% CI 1.58-3.08]). Among patients with chronic disease, each additional body system conferred 1.18 times higher odds of treatment (95% CI 1.10-1.26). Compared with non-Hispanic white patients, Hispanic patients (OR 0.61 [95% CI 0.44-0.83]) had lower odds of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Children with chronic conditions are more likely than those without to receive nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescriptions. However, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescribing to children with chronic conditions remains infrequent. Pediatric data concerning nirmatrelvir/ritonavir safety and effectiveness in preventing severe disease and hospitalization are critical optimizing clinical decision-making and use among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seuli Bose-Brill
- Combined Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Section, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kathryn Hirabayashi
- Applied Clinical Research Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emmanuel Schwimmer
- Combined Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Section, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nathan M. Pajor
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Suchitra Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Asuncion Mejias
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ravi Jhaveri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christopher B. Forrest
- Applied Clinical Research Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - L. Charles Bailey
- Applied Clinical Research Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dimitri A. Christakis
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Payal B. Patel
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jonathan D. Cogen
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jason P. Block
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Vitaly Lorman
- Applied Clinical Research Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Grace M. Lee
- Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Singh D, Mittal N, Mittal P, Tiwari N, Khan SUD, Ali MAM, Chaudhary AA, Siddiqui MH. In silico molecular screening of bioactive natural compounds of rosemary essential oil and extracts for pharmacological potentials against rhinoviruses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17426. [PMID: 39075176 PMCID: PMC11286848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinoviruses (RVs) cause upper respiratory tract infections and pneumonia in children and adults. These non-enveloped viruses contain viral coats of four capsid proteins: VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4. The canyon on VP1 used cell surface receptor ICAM-1 as the site of attachment and for the internalization of viruses. To date, there has been no drug or vaccine available against RVs. In this study, bioactive natural compounds of rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus L.), which are known for their pharmacological potential, were considered to target the VP1 protein. A total of 30 bioactive natural compounds of rosemary were taken as ligands to target viral proteins. The PkCSM tool was used to detect their adherence to Lipinski's rule of five and the ADMET properties of the selected ligands. Further, the CB-Dock tool was used for molecular docking studies between the VP1 protein and ligands. Based on the molecular docking and ADMET profiling results, phenethyl amine (4 methoxy benzyl) was selected as the lead compound. A comparative study was performed between the lead compound and two antiviral drugs, Placonaril and Nitazoxanide, to investigate the higher potential of natural compounds over synthetic drugs. Placonaril also targets VP1 but failed in clinical trials while Nitazoxanide was examined in clinical trials against rhinoviruses. It was discovered from this study that the (4 methoxy benzyl) phenethyl amine exhibited less toxicity in comparison to other tested drugs against RVs. More research is needed to determine its potential and make it a good medication against RVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Nishu Mittal
- Faculty of Biosciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, 225003, India
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Neeraj Tiwari
- Faculty of Biosciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, 225003, India
| | - Salah Ud-Din Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 11623, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A M Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 11623, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 11623, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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7
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Falsaperla R, Sortino V, La Cognata D, Barberi C, Corsello G, Malaventura C, Suppiej A, Collotta AD, Polizzi A, Grassi P, Ruggieri M. Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARTIs) in Children after COVID-19-Related Social Distancing: An Epidemiological Study in a Single Center of Southern Italy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1341. [PMID: 39001232 PMCID: PMC11240751 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14131341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In Sicily (Italy), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (HRV), and influenza virus triggered epidemics among children, resulting in an increase in acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). Our objective was to capture the epidemiology of respiratory infections in children, determining which pathogens were associated with respiratory infections following the lockdown and whether there were changes in the epidemiological landscape during the post-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic era. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed multiplex respiratory viral PCR data (BioFire® FilmArray® Respiratory Panel 2.1 Plus) from 204 children presenting with respiratory symptoms and/or fever to our Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency. RESULTS Viruses were predominantly responsible for ARTIs (99%), with RSV emerging as the most common agent involved in respiratory infections, followed by human rhinovirus/enterovirus and influenza A. RSV and rhinovirus were also the primary agents in coinfections. RSV predominated during winter months, while HRV/EV exhibited greater prevalence than RSV during the fall. Some viruses spread exclusively in coinfections (human coronavirus NL63, adenovirus, metapneumovirus, and parainfluenza viruses 1-3), while others primarily caused mono-infections (influenza A and B). SARS-CoV-2 was detected equally in both mono-infections (41%) and coinfections (59%). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis underlines the predominance of RSV and the importance of implementing preventive strategies for RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Falsaperla
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Accompaniment Unit, San Marco Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "Rodolico-San Marco", University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Paediatrics, San Marco Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, "Rodolico-San Marco", 95121 Catania, Italy
- Medical Sciences Department, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sortino
- Unit of Clinical Paediatrics, San Marco Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, "Rodolico-San Marco", 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Daria La Cognata
- Postgraduate Training Program in Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Barberi
- Postgraduate Training Program in Pediatrics, University of Palermo, 90121 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90121 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Agnese Suppiej
- Medical Sciences Department, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ausilia Desiree Collotta
- Unit of Clinical Paediatrics, San Marco Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, "Rodolico-San Marco", 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Polizzi
- Department of Educational Science, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Patrizia Grassi
- Analysis Laboratory, San Marco Hospital, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Martino Ruggieri
- Unit of Clinical Pediatrics, AOU "Policlinico", PO "G. Rodolico", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Krammer M, Hoffmann R, Ruf HG, Neumann AU, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Goekkaya M, Gilles S. Ten-year retrospective data analysis reveals frequent respiratory co-infections in hospitalized patients in Augsburg. iScience 2024; 27:110136. [PMID: 38966568 PMCID: PMC11223076 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical data on the types of respiratory pathogens which are most frequently engaged in respiratory co-infections of children and adults are lacking. We analyzed 10 years of data on a total of over 15,000 tests for 16 viral and bacterial pathogens detected in clinical samples at the University Hospital of Augsburg, Germany. Co-infection frequencies and their seasonal patterns were examined using a proportional distribution model. Co-infections were detected in 7.3% of samples, with a higher incidence in children and males. The incidence of interbacterial and interviral co-infections was higher than expected, whereas bacterial-viral co-infections were less frequent. H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were most frequently involved. Most co-infections occurred in winter, but distinct summer peaks were also observed, which occurred even in children, albeit less pronounced than in adults. Seasonality of respiratory (co-)infections decreased with age. Our results suggest to adjust existing testing strategies during high-incidence periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Krammer
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology - IBE, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hoffmann
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Ruf
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Avidan U. Neumann
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Christine-Kühne-Center for Allergy Research & Education (CK-Care), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mehmet Goekkaya
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gilles
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Simusika P, Okamoto M, Dapat C, Muleya W, Malisheni M, Azam S, Imamura T, Saito M, Mwape I, Mpabalwani E, Monze M, Oshitani H. Characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus in children with severe acute respiratory infection before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. IJID REGIONS 2024; 11:100354. [PMID: 38596821 PMCID: PMC11002793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Annual outbreaks of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) are caused by newly introduced and locally persistent strains. During the COVID-19 pandemic, global and local circulation of HRSV significantly decreased. This study was conducted to characterize HRSV in 2018-2022 and to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on the evolution of HRSV. Design/methods Combined oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from children hospitalized with severe acute respiratory infection at two hospitals in Zambia. The second hypervariable region of the attachment gene G was targeted for phylogenetic analysis. Results Of 3113 specimens, 504 (16.2%) were positive for HRSV, of which 131 (26.0%) and 66 (13.1%) were identified as HRSVA and HRSVB, respectively. In early 2021, an increase in HRSV was detected, caused by multiple distinct clades of HRSVA and HRSVB. Some were newly introduced, whereas others resulted from local persistence. Conclusions This study provides insights into the evolution of HRSV, driven by global and local circulation. The COVID-19 pandemic had a temporal impact on the evolution pattern of HRSV. Understanding the evolution of HRSV is vital for developing strategies for its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Simusika
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Virology, Sendai, Japan
- University Teaching Hospitals, Pathology and Microbiology Department, Virology Laboratory, Lusaka, Zambia
- Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Institute of Basic and Biomedical Sciences ,Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Virology, Sendai, Japan
| | - Clyde Dapat
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Virology, Sendai, Japan
| | - Walter Muleya
- University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Moffat Malisheni
- University Teaching Hospitals, Pathology and Microbiology Department, Virology Laboratory, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Sikandar Azam
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Virology, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeaki Imamura
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Virology, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Virology, Sendai, Japan
| | - Innocent Mwape
- Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Evans Mpabalwani
- University of Zambia, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mwaka Monze
- University Teaching Hospitals, Pathology and Microbiology Department, Virology Laboratory, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Virology, Sendai, Japan
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10
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Gao Y, Du T, Yang L, Wu L. Research progress of KL-6 in respiratory system diseases. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38773736 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2350374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
This article comprehensively elucidates the discovery of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), its structural features, functional mechanisms, and the current research status in various respiratory system diseases. Discovered in 1985, KL-6 was initially considered a tumor marker, but its elevated levels in interstitial lung disease (ILD) led to its recognition as a relevant serum marker for ILD. KL-6 is primarily produced by type 2 alveolar epithelial cell regeneration. Over the past 30 years since the discovery of KL-6, the number of related research papers has steadily increased annually. Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been a sudden surge in relevant literature. Despite KL-6's potential as a biomarker, its value in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis varies across different respiratory diseases, including ILD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), COVID-19, and lung cancer. Therefore, as an important serum biomarker in respiratory system diseases, the value of KL-6 still requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianming Du
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lianbo Yang
- Department of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Wu H, Zhou HY, Zheng H, Wu A. Towards Understanding and Identification of Human Viral Co-Infections. Viruses 2024; 16:673. [PMID: 38793555 PMCID: PMC11126107 DOI: 10.3390/v16050673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral co-infections, in which a host is infected with multiple viruses simultaneously, are common in the human population. Human viral co-infections can lead to complex interactions between the viruses and the host immune system, affecting the clinical outcome and posing challenges for treatment. Understanding the types, mechanisms, impacts, and identification methods of human viral co-infections is crucial for the prevention and control of viral diseases. In this review, we first introduce the significance of studying human viral co-infections and summarize the current research progress and gaps in this field. We then classify human viral co-infections into four types based on the pathogenic properties and species of the viruses involved. Next, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of viral co-infections, focusing on virus-virus interactions, host immune responses, and clinical manifestations. We also summarize the experimental and computational methods for the identification of viral co-infections, emphasizing the latest advances in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics approaches. Finally, we highlight the challenges and future directions in human viral co-infection research, aiming to provide new insights and strategies for the prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment of viral diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and future perspectives on human viral co-infections and underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to address this complex and important topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, China;
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hang-Yu Zhou
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Heng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, China;
| | - Aiping Wu
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China
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12
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Zhang X, Nurxat N, Aili J, Yasen Y, Wang Q, Liu Q. The characteristics of microbiome in the upper respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:138. [PMID: 38658823 PMCID: PMC11040800 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03281-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-infection with other pathogens in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients exacerbates disease severity and impacts patient prognosis. Clarifying the exact pathogens co-infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is premise of the precise treatment for COVID-19 patients. METHODS Sputum samples were collected from 17 patients in the COVID-19 positive group and 18 patients in the COVID-19 negative group. DNA extraction was performed to obtain the total DNA. Sequencing analysis using 16S and ITS rRNA gene was carried out to analyze the composition of bacterial and fungal communities. Meanwhile, all the samples were inoculated for culture. RESULTS We did not observe significant differences in bacterial composition between the COVID-19 positive and negative groups. However, a significantly higher abundance of Candida albicans was observed in the upper respiratory tract samples from the COVID-19 positive group compared to the COVID-19 negative group. Moreover, the Candida albicans strains isolated from COVID-19 positive group exhibited impaired secretion of aspartyl proteinases. CONCLUSION COVID-19 positive patients demonstrate a notable increase in the abundance of Candida albicans, along with a decrease in the levels of aspartyl proteinases, indicating the alteration of microbiota composition of upper respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
- College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Nadira Nurxat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jueraiti Aili
- College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yakupu Yasen
- College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qichen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Babawale PI, Guerrero-Plata A. Respiratory Viral Coinfections: Insights into Epidemiology, Immune Response, Pathology, and Clinical Outcomes. Pathogens 2024; 13:316. [PMID: 38668271 PMCID: PMC11053695 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral coinfections are a global public health threat that poses an economic burden on individuals, families, and healthcare infrastructure. Viruses may coinfect and interact synergistically or antagonistically, or their coinfection may not affect their replication rate. These interactions are specific to different virus combinations, which underlines the importance of understanding the mechanisms behind these differential viral interactions and the need for novel diagnostic methods to accurately identify multiple viruses causing a disease in a patient to avoid misdiagnosis. This review examines epidemiological patterns, pathology manifestations, and the immune response modulation of different respiratory viral combinations that occur during coinfections using different experimental models to better understand the dynamics respiratory viral coinfection takes in driving disease outcomes and severity, which is crucial to guide the development of prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonieta Guerrero-Plata
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
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Johnson MG, Strizki JM, Jensen E, Cohen J, Katlama C, Fishchuk R, Ponce-de-León A, Fourie N, Cheng CY, McCoy D, Vesnesky M, Norice CT, Zhang Y, Williams-Diaz A, Brown ML, Carmelitano P, Grobler JA, Paschke A, De Anda C. Respiratory virus coinfections during the COVID-19 pandemic: epidemiologic analysis and clinical outcomes from the Phase 2/3 molnupiravir trial (MOVe-OUT). Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0356323. [PMID: 38299867 PMCID: PMC10913477 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03563-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This exploratory post hoc analysis assessed the incidence of respiratory viral coinfections and their impact on clinical outcomes in non-hospitalized adults with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) treated with molnupiravir versus placebo for 5 days in the Phase 2/3 MOVe-OUT trial (NCT04575597), which took place in October 2020 to January 2021 (Phase 2, n = 302) and May 2021 to October 2021 (Phase 3, n = 1,433). Among 1,735 total randomized participants, 1,674 had a baseline respiratory pathogen panel (NxTAG Respiratory Pathogen Panel for the Luminex MAGPIX instrument) performed and 69 (4.1%) were coinfected with at least one additional respiratory viral pathogen. Human rhinovirus/enterovirus (39/69, 56.5%) was the most common coinfection detected at baseline. In the modified intention-to-treat population, two participants with coinfecting respiratory RNA viruses were hospitalized and received respiratory interventions through Day 29, and none died; one participant in the molnupiravir group was coinfected with human rhinovirus/enterovirus, and one participant in the placebo group was coinfected with human metapneumovirus. Hospitalization or death occurred in 6.2% and 9.0% of non-coinfected participants in the molnupiravir versus placebo group, respectively, and over 90% did not require respiratory interventions. Most coinfecting respiratory RNA viruses detected at baseline were not detected at the end of therapy in both the molnupiravir and placebo groups. In summary, participants coinfected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and another respiratory RNA virus were not more likely to be hospitalized or die, or require respiratory interventions, compared to participants who were not coinfected with another respiratory RNA virus at baseline in both groups. IMPORTANCE Respiratory viral coinfections are known to occur with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). In a cohort of non-hospitalized adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 treated with molnupiravir versus placebo in the MOVe-OUT trial during October 2020 to October 2021, 4.1% of participants had a documented viral coinfection; human rhinovirus/enterovirus was the most common pathogen detected with the NxTAG Respiratory Pathogen Panel assay. Participants who had a coinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and another respiratory RNA virus were not more likely to have worse clinical outcomes compared to those participants without a viral coinfection, and many coinfecting respiratory RNA viruses were no longer detected at the end of the 5-day treatment period in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonathan Cohen
- Jadestone Clinical Research, LLC, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine Katlama
- AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital—Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Roman Fishchuk
- CNE Central City Clinical Hospital of Ivano-Frankivsk City Council, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Alfredo Ponce-de-León
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nyda Fourie
- IATROS International, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying Zhang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
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Rhoden J, Hoffmann AT, Stein JF, Rocha BSD, Barros VMD, Silva EVD, Fleck JD, Rigotto C. Viral coinfection in hospitalized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Brazil: a retrospective cohort study. Respir Res 2024; 25:71. [PMID: 38317218 PMCID: PMC10840208 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Since the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2, different strategies have been followed to combat the pandemic and limit virus transmission. In the meantime, other respiratory viruses continued to circulate, though at decreased rates. METHODS This study was conducted between June and July 2022, in a hospital in the metropolitan region of Rio Grande do Sul state, in the southernmost state of Brazil. The 337 hospitalized patients included those with respiratory symptoms without delimitation of age. Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction detected 15 different respiratory viruses and confirmed coinfections in the samples. Different statistical tests were applied to evaluate the association between associations of clinical characteristics and coinfection. RESULTS Sampling corresponds to 337 selected and 330 patients analyzed. The principal clinical outcome found was hospital discharge in 309 (94%) cases, while 21 (6%) resulted in death. The principal viral agents related to coinfections were Human rhinovirus, Human enterovirus, and Respiratory syncytial virus. The most frequent viral agent detected was SARS-CoV-2, with 60 (18%) infections, followed by 51 (15%) cases of Respiratory syncytial virus B (15%) and 44 (13%) cases of Human rhinovirus 1. Coinfection was mainly observed in children, while adults and the elderly were more affected by a single infection. Analyzing COVID-19 vaccination, 175 (53%) were unvaccinated while the remainder had at least one dose of the vaccine. CONCLUSIONS This study presents information to update the understanding of viral circulation in the region. Furthermore, the findings clarify the behavior of viral infections and possible coinfections in hospitalized patients, considering different ages and clinical profiles. In addition, this knowledge can help to monitor the population's clinical manifestations and prevent future outbreaks of respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Rhoden
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, N◦ 2755, Prédio Vermelho, Piso 1, Sala 103, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 93525-075, Brazil.
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Hospital Dom Vicente Scherer, Centro Histórico, Av. Independência, Nº 155, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 90035- 074, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Taíz Hoffmann
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Hospital Dom Vicente Scherer, Centro Histórico, Av. Independência, Nº 155, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 90035- 074, Brazil
| | - Janaína Franciele Stein
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, N◦ 2755, Prédio Vermelho, Piso 1, Sala 103, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 93525-075, Brazil
| | - Bruna Seixas da Rocha
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, N◦ 2755, Prédio Vermelho, Piso 1, Sala 103, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 93525-075, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Monteagudo de Barros
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, N◦ 2755, Prédio Vermelho, Piso 1, Sala 103, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 93525-075, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Viegas da Silva
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 5400, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 90450-190, Brazil
| | - Juliane Deise Fleck
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, N◦ 2755, Prédio Vermelho, Piso 1, Sala 103, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 93525-075, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rigotto
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, N◦ 2755, Prédio Vermelho, Piso 1, Sala 103, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 93525-075, Brazil
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Araujo CPD, Piva J, Vettoretti Nicoladeli A, Paniz Hartwig J, Vieira APR, Sica Rocha N, Rocha TS. Lifestyle and quality of life in children and adolescents during the covid-19 social distancing period. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024; 100:53-59. [PMID: 37591484 PMCID: PMC10751719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the lifestyle and quality of life in Brazilian children and adolescents during the COVID-19 social distancing period in 2020. METHODS This cross-sectional study evaluated children and adolescents (2-18 years of age) and their parents, who voluntarily participated in an online survey. Snowball sampling was used to recruit participants during the first 6 months of the pandemic. A questionnaire was used to characterize the study population. The PedsQL 4.0 and the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index were used to assess the quality of life (QoL) in children/adolescents and parents, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 statistical program through the ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni analysis, student's t test, and the generalized estimating equation. RESULTS Mean screen time increased from 2h pre-pandemic to 5h during the pandemic (p < 0.001), which was associated with a decline in PedSQL4.0 scores (from 75.7 ± 2.6 to 71.3 ± 13.7, p < 0.001). Unhealthy eating habits increased from 11% to 34% and were associated with worse QoL scores compared with improved or unchanged eating habits during the pandemic (69.7 ± 13.3 vs 72.80 ± 13.4 vs 76.4 ± 12.6; p < 0.001). Poor sleep quality increased from 9% to 31.7% and was associated with worse QoL scores compared to improved or unchanged sleep quality during the pandemic (67.3 ± 13.1 vs 74.5 ± 13.1 vs 76.8 ± 12.2; p < 0.05). Physical exercise was associated with better PedSQL4.0 scores (77.5 ± 12.3 vs 72.5 ± 14.4; p < 0.001). Children aged 2-4y old had the best QoLscores. CONCLUSIONS Pandemic-related social distancing promoted significant lifestyle changes in children and adolescents, increasing screen time, reducing physical activity, and worsening food and sleep quality, which resulted in worse QoL scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Pires de Araujo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grandes do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jefferson Piva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grandes do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda Vettoretti Nicoladeli
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grandes do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessica Paniz Hartwig
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grandes do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Radunz Vieira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grandes do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Neusa Sica Rocha
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grandes do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tais Sica Rocha
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grandes do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Yan X, Li K, Lei Z, Luo J, Wang Q, Wei S. Prevalence and associated outcomes of coinfection between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 136:29-36. [PMID: 37648094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of influenza coinfection in COVID-19 patients and investigate its association with severe clinical outcomes. METHODS We systematically searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and CNKI for studies published between January 01, 2020, and May 31, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of coinfection and the impact on clinical outcomes. Systematic review registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023423113). RESULTS A total of 95 studies involving 62,107 COVID-19 patients were included. The pooled prevalence of coinfection with influenza virus was 2.45% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67-3.58%), with a high proportion of influenza A. Compared with mono-infected patients (COVID-19 only), the odds ratio (OR) for severe outcomes (including intensive care unit admission [OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.68-2.87, P < 0.001], mechanical ventilation support [OR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.46-5.10, P = 0.002], and mortality [OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.16-7.30, P = 0.022]) was significantly higher among patients coinfected influenza A. CONCLUSION Although the prevalence of coinfection is low, coinfected patients are at higher risk of severe outcomes. Enhanced identification of both viruses, as well as individualized treatment protocols for coinfection, are recommended to reduce the occurrence of serious disease outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yan
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhiqun Lei
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayao Luo
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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Marseglia GL, Ciprandi G. Clinical use of ketoprofen lysine salt: a reappraisal in adolescents with acute respiratory infections. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2023; 51:76-82. [PMID: 37937499 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51i6.918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Upper respiratory infections are widespread, and they are mainly of viral etiology. It has to be remarked that every infection is always associated with an inflammatory response. Inflammation implicates a cascade of bothersome symptoms, including fever, pain (headache, myalgia, and arthralgia), malaise, and respiratory complaints. As a result, anti-inflammatory medications could be beneficial as they act on different pathogenetic pathways. The ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) has a potent anti-inflammatory activity associated with effective analgesic and antipyretic effects and has a valuable safety profile. However, adolescents present peculiar psychological characteristics that determine their difficulty to be managed. In this regard, an adolescent with a respiratory infection requires a prompt and adequate cure. KLS, thanks to its pharmacologic profile, could be favorably used in this regard. A recent primary-care experience outlined its effectiveness in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy;
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Chen R, Xie M, Wang S, Yu F, Zhang D, Yuan L, Zheng J, Wang J, Zhou J, Li B, Zheng S, Fan Y, Han D. Secondary Infection Surveillance with Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:6463-6472. [PMID: 37795203 PMCID: PMC10546932 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s424061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a promising tool for improving antimicrobial therapy and infection control decision-making in complex infections. Secondary infection surveillance using mNGS in COVID-19 patients has rarely been reported. Methods Respiratory pathogen and antibiotic resistance prediction were evaluated by BALF mNGS for 192 hospitalized COVID-19 patients between December 2022 and February 2023. Results Secondary infection was confirmed in 83.3% (160/192) of the COVID-19 patients, with bacterial infections (45%, 72/160) predominating, followed by mixed bacterial and fungal infections (20%, 32/160), and fungal infections (17.5%, 28/160). The incidence of bacterial or viral secondary infection was significantly higher in patients who were admitted to the ICU, received mechanical ventilation, or developed severe pneumonia (all p<0.05). Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=30, 8.4%) was the most prevalent pathogen associated with secondary infection followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (n=29, 8.1%), Candida albicans (n=29, 8.1%), Aspergillus fumigatus (n=27, 7.6%), human herpes simplex virus type 1 (n=23, 6.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=20, 5.6%) and Pneumocystis jiroveci (n=14, 3.9%). The overall concordance between the resistance genes detected by mNGS and the reported phenotypic resistance in 69 samples containing five clinically important pathogens (ie, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli) that caused secondary infection was 85.5% (59/69). Conclusion mNGS can detect pathogens causing secondary infection and predict antimicrobial resistance for COVID19 patients. This is crucial for initiating targeted treatment and rapidly detect unsuspected spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renke Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengxiao Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenlong Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical in vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical in vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingjun Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieyuan Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingchao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieting Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binxiao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shufa Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical in vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Fan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical in vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Prada-García C, Toquero-Asensio M, Fernández-Espinilla V, Hernán-García C, Sanz-Muñoz I, Calvo-Nieves MD, Eiros JM, Castrodeza-Sanz J. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Influenza Vaccination Attitudes and Actions in Spain's Adult Population. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1514. [PMID: 37896918 PMCID: PMC10611015 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by the influenza virus which constitutes a significant public health issue associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in attitudes, perceptions, and practices regarding influenza vaccination in the Spanish adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as their vaccination intentions, with special attention paid to those over 65 years old and in high-risk groups. To this end, a cross-sectional study was conducted through 2219 telephone interviews, and the results were compared with results obtained a year earlier. Regarding the reasons for deciding to get vaccinated in the 2022/23 season, a significant increase was observed in vaccine confidence (36.7% vs. 42.8%), social responsibility (32.5% vs. 43.8%), and in awareness of the importance of vaccination due to COVID-19 (21.7% vs. 25.4%). Advanced age (OR 2.8, 95% CI 2.0-3.9), belonging to high-risk groups (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.0-3.7), and prior vaccination (OR 25.3, 95% CI 19.5-32.7) emerged as significant predictors for the intent to receive the influenza vaccine in the 2022/23 season. Continuously observing shifts in perceptions and behaviors related to influenza immunization is crucial to pinpoint factors that may influence the willingness to receive the vaccine and, in this way, design public health strategies that achieve a greater acceptance of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camino Prada-García
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (V.F.-E.); (C.H.-G.); (J.C.-S.)
- National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47009 Valladolid, Spain; (M.T.-A.); (I.S.-M.); (J.M.E.)
- Dermatology Service, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, 24008 León, Spain
| | - Marina Toquero-Asensio
- National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47009 Valladolid, Spain; (M.T.-A.); (I.S.-M.); (J.M.E.)
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Virginia Fernández-Espinilla
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (V.F.-E.); (C.H.-G.); (J.C.-S.)
- National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47009 Valladolid, Spain; (M.T.-A.); (I.S.-M.); (J.M.E.)
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernán-García
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (V.F.-E.); (C.H.-G.); (J.C.-S.)
- National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47009 Valladolid, Spain; (M.T.-A.); (I.S.-M.); (J.M.E.)
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Iván Sanz-Muñoz
- National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47009 Valladolid, Spain; (M.T.-A.); (I.S.-M.); (J.M.E.)
- Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León, ICSCYL, 24002 Soria, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFECC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Calvo-Nieves
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47009 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Jose M. Eiros
- National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47009 Valladolid, Spain; (M.T.-A.); (I.S.-M.); (J.M.E.)
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Castrodeza-Sanz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (V.F.-E.); (C.H.-G.); (J.C.-S.)
- National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47009 Valladolid, Spain; (M.T.-A.); (I.S.-M.); (J.M.E.)
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
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Jeican II, Gheban D, Mariș A, Albu S, Aluaș M, Siserman CV, Gheban BA. Flurona: The First Autopsied Case. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1616. [PMID: 37763736 PMCID: PMC10537609 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19-associated coinfections increase the patient's risk of developing a severe form of the disease and, consequently, the risk of death. The term "flurona" was proposed to describe the coinfection of the influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2. This report is about a case of a 7-month-old female infant who died due to flurona coinfection. A histopathological exam showed activation of microglia (becoming CD45 positive), bronchial inflammation, diffuse alveolar damage in proliferative phase with vasculitis, a peribronchial infiltrate that was predominantly CD20-positive, and a vascular wall infiltrate that was predominantly CD3-positive. The aggressiveness of the two respiratory viruses added up and they caused extensive lung inflammation, which led to respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, and death. Tissues injuries caused by both the influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 could be observed, without the ability to certify the dominance of the aggression of one of the two viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionuț Isaia Jeican
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Gheban
- Department of Pathology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mariș
- Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Silviu Albu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, University Clinical Hospital of Railway Company, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Aluaș
- Department of Oral Health, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Costel Vasile Siserman
- Institute of Legal Medicine, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Legal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Alexandru Gheban
- Department of Histology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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22
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King KL, Ham R, Smothers A, Lee I, Bowie T, Teetsel E, Peng C, Dean D. Repurposing a SARS-CoV-2 surveillance program for infectious respiratory diseases in a university setting. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1168551. [PMID: 37727605 PMCID: PMC10505707 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1168551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard multiplex RT-qPCR diagnostic tests use nasopharyngeal swabs to simultaneously detect a variety of infections, but commercially available kits can be expensive and have limited throughput. Previously, we clinically validated a saliva-based RT-qPCR diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 to provide low-cost testing with high throughput and low turnaround time on a university campus. Here, we developed a respiratory diagnostic panel to detect SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B within a single saliva sample. When compared to clinical results, our assay demonstrated 93.5% accuracy for influenza A samples (43/46 concordant results) with no effect on SARS-CoV-2 accuracy or limit of detection. In addition, our assay can detect simulated coinfections at varying virus concentrations generated from synthetic RNA controls. We also confirmed the stability of influenza A in saliva at room temperature for up to 5 days. The cost of the assay is lower than standard nasopharyngeal swab respiratory panel tests as saliva collection does not require specialized swabs or trained clinical personnel. By repurposing the lab infrastructure developed for the COVID-19 pandemic, our multiplex assay can be used to provide expanded access to respiratory disease diagnostics, especially for community, school, or university testing applications where saliva testing was effectively utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie L. King
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors (REDDI Lab), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Rachel Ham
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors (REDDI Lab), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Austin Smothers
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors (REDDI Lab), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Isaac Lee
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors (REDDI Lab), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Tyler Bowie
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors (REDDI Lab), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Erika Teetsel
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors (REDDI Lab), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Congyue Peng
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors (REDDI Lab), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Delphine Dean
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors (REDDI Lab), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
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23
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Murdoch L, Quan K, Baber JA, Ho AWY, Zhang Y, Xu X, Lu C, Cooper D, Koury K, Lockhart SP, Anderson AS, Türeci Ö, Şahin U, Swanson KA, Gruber WC, Kitchin N. Safety and Immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 Vaccine Coadministered with Seasonal Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Adults. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:2241-2258. [PMID: 37698774 PMCID: PMC10581992 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00863-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination is a critical tool for preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza illnesses. Coadministration of the COVID-19 vaccine, BNT162b2, with seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (SIIV) can provide substantial benefits, including streamlining vaccine delivery. METHODS In this phase 3 study, healthy 18- to 64-year-olds who had received three previous doses of BNT162b2 were randomized (1:1) to the coadministration group (month 0, BNT162b2 + SIIV; month 1, placebo) or the separate-administration group (month 0, placebo + SIIV; month 1, BNT162b2). The primary immunogenicity objective was to demonstrate that the immune responses elicited by BNT162b2 and SIIV [measured by full-length S-binding immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and strain-specific hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) titers against four influenza strains 1 month post-vaccination, respectively] when coadministered were noninferior to those elicited by either vaccine administered alone, based on a prespecified 1.5-fold noninferiority margin [lower bound 95% CI for geometric mean ratio (GMR) > 0.67]. Reactogenicity and adverse event (AE) rates were evaluated. RESULTS Randomized participants who received study vaccination (N = 1128; coadministration group, n = 564; separate-administration group, n = 564) had a median age of 39 years. Model-adjusted GMRs for coadministration to separate administration were 0.83 (95% CI 0.77, 0.89) for full-length S-binding IgG levels and 0.89-1.00 (lower bound of all 95% CIs > 0.67) for the four influenza strain-specific HAI titers, with all endpoints achieving the prespecified noninferiority criterion. Reactogenicity events were mostly mild or moderate when BNT162b2 was coadministered with SIIV. Serious AEs were reported in < 1% of participants within 1 month after any vaccination; none were considered vaccine-related. CONCLUSIONS BNT162b2 coadministered with SIIV elicited immune responses that were noninferior to those elicited by BNT162b2 alone and SIIV alone, and BNT162b2 had an acceptable safety profile when coadministered with SIIV. The results of this study support the coadministration of BNT162b2 and SIIV in adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05310084.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Quan
- Vaccine Clinical Research and Development, Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - James A Baber
- Vaccine Clinical Research and Development, Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Agnes W Y Ho
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Xia Xu
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Claire Lu
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Pearl River, NY, USA
| | - David Cooper
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Pearl River, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Koury
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Pearl River, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kena A Swanson
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Pearl River, NY, USA
| | - William C Gruber
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Pearl River, NY, USA
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24
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Zhong W, Wu Y, Yue W, Fang J, Xie B, Xu N, Lin M, Zhu X, Su Z, Chen Y, Li H, Li H. Distinguishing COVID-19 from seasonal influenza in patients under age 65 years-a retrospective observational cohort study comparing the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and 2022 SARS-CoV-2 pandemics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1179552. [PMID: 37533930 PMCID: PMC10393466 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1179552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study explored the differences in clinical characteristics between the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) and SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 variant (Omicron) infections in patients younger than age 65 years, to improve identification of these diseases and better respond to the current epidemic. Methods Data from 127 patients with the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) diagnosed between May and July of 2009 and 3,265 patients with Omicron diagnosed between March and May of 2022 were collected. Using a 1:2 match based on age (difference <2 years), sex, and underlying diseases, data from 115 patients with the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection (H1N1 group) and 230 patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 infection (Omicron group) were analyzed. The clinical manifestations were compared between the groups, logistic regression was performed to identify possible independent risk factors for each group, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors predicting time for nucleic acid negativization (NAN). Results The median [interquartile range] age of the two groups was 21 [11, 26] years. Compared with the H1N1 group, the Omicron group had: lower white blood cell counts and C-reactive protein levels; less fever, nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, sputum, and headache; and more olfactory loss, muscle soreness, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) abnormalities. Patients in the Omicron group used fewer antibiotics and antiviral drugs, and the time for NAN was longer (17 [14,20] VS 4 [3,5] days, P<0.001). Logistic regression showed that fever, cough, headache, and increased white blood cell count were more strongly correlated with the H1N1 group, while muscle soreness and LDH abnormalities were more strongly correlated with the Omicron group. Fever (B 1.529, 95% confidence interval [0.149,2.909], P=0.030) significantly predicted a longer time for NAN in patients with Omicron. Discussion There are significant differences in clinical characteristics between SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection and the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection. Recognition of these differences has important implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yisong Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Yue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiabin Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baosong Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nengluan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiongpeng Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Quanzhou First Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Big Data Engineering, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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25
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Ciprandi G, Varriccchio A. Sobrerol: New Perspectives to Manage Patients with Frequent Respiratory Infections. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1210. [PMID: 37508708 PMCID: PMC10378669 DOI: 10.3390/children10071210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are usually characterized by mucus hypersecretion. This condition may worsen and prolong symptoms and signs. For this reason, reducing mucus production and improving mucus removal represent relevant aspects of managing patients with RTIs. In this regard, mucoactive drugs may be effective. Mucoactive agents constitute a large class of compounds characterized by different mechanisms of action. Sobrerol is a monoterpene able to fluidify mucus, increase mucociliary clearance, and exert antioxidant activity. Sobrerol is available in various formulations (granules, syrup, nebulized, and suppository). Sobrerol has been on the market for over 50 years. Therefore, the present article revised the evidence concerning this compound and proposed new possible strategies. The literature analysis showed that several studies investigated the efficacy and safety of sobrerol in acute and chronic RTIs characterized by mucus hyperproduction. Seven pediatric studies have been conducted with favorable outcomes. However, the regulatory agencies recently reduced the treatment duration to three days. Therefore, a future study will test the hypothesis that a combination of oral and topical sobrerol could benefit children and adults with frequent respiratory tract infections. The rationale of this new approach is based on the concept that mucus accumulation could be a risk factor for increased susceptibility to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Ciprandi
- Allergy Center, Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Attilio Varriccchio
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
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26
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Weidmann MD, Green DA, Berry GJ, Wu F. Assessing respiratory viral exclusion and affinity interactions through co-infection incidence in a pediatric population during the 2022 resurgence of influenza and RSV. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1208235. [PMID: 37389220 PMCID: PMC10302716 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1208235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the Northeast US, respiratory viruses such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which were largely suppressed by COVID-19-related social distancing, made an unprecedented resurgence during 2022, leading to a substantial rise in viral co-infections. However, the relative rates of co-infection with seasonal respiratory viruses over this period have not been assessed. Methods Here we reviewed multiplex respiratory viral PCR data (BioFire FilmArray™ Respiratory Panel v2.1 [RPP]) from patients with respiratory symptoms presenting to our medical center in New York City to assess co-infection rates of respiratory viruses, which were baselined to total rates of infection for each virus. We examined trends in monthly RPP data from adults and children during November 2021 through December 2022 to capture the full seasonal dynamics of respiratory viruses across periods of low and high prevalence. Results Of 50,022 RPPs performed for 34,610 patients, 44% were positive for at least one target, and 67% of these were from children. The overwhelming majority of co-infections (93%) were seen among children, for whom 21% of positive RPPs had two or more viruses detected, as compared to just 4% in adults. Relative to children for whom RPPs were ordered, children with co-infections were younger (3.0 vs 4.5 years) and more likely to be seen in the ED or outpatient settings than inpatient and ICU settings. In children, most viral co-infections were found at significantly reduced rates relative to that expected from the incidence of each virus, especially those involving SARS-CoV-2 and influenza. SARS-CoV-2 positive children had an 85%, 65% and 58% reduced rate of co-infection with influenza, RSV, and Rhino/enteroviruses, respectively, after compensating for the incidence of infection with each virus (p< 0.001). Discussion Our results demonstrate that most respiratory viruses peaked in different months and present in co-infections less than would be expected based on overall rates of infection, suggesting a viral exclusionary effect between most seasonal respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza and RSV. We also demonstrate the significant burden of respiratory viral co-infections among children. Further work is necessary to understand what predisposes certain patients for viral co-infection despite this exclusionary effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fann Wu
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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27
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Ohyama K, Honda H, Aoki M, Wakuda M, Kitahara T, Kaede C, Doi Y, Uehara Y. Resurgence of human coronavirus OC43 at a long-term care facility during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Outbreak investigation. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2023; 3:e97. [PMID: 37325679 PMCID: PMC10265732 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2023.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of seasonal infections due to respiratory viruses other than severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has declined due to heightened public infection prevention measures against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We describe an outbreak of human coronavirus OC43 infection that occurred at a long-term care facility and whose clinical features were indistinguishable from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ohyama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Honda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Momoko Aoki
- Social Welfare Corporation IKOI, Kuwana, Mie, Japan
- Aoki Memorial Hospital, Kuwana, Mie, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Wakuda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kitahara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chisaki Kaede
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yohei Doi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yuki Uehara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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28
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Guido G, Lalle E, Mosti S, Mencarini P, Lapa D, Libertone R, Ianniello S, Ricciuto GM, Vaia F, Maggi F, Palmieri F. Recovery from Triple Infection with SARS-CoV-2, RSV and Influenza virus: A case report. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1045-1047. [PMID: 37196367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall probability of infection with RSV, influenza virus, or SARS-CoV-2 in the general population is assessed as high by the ECDC. A high level of respiratory virus circulation increases hospitalizations and places significant pressure on healthcare systems. Here we describe the case of a 52-year-old woman who recovered from pneumonia with a triple infection with SARS-CoV-2, RSV, and Influenza virus. We suggest searching for antigenic or molecular detection of VSR and influenza viruses, together with SARS-CoV-2, in patients with respiratory symptoms during this epidemic period, whereas all three viruses are present right now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Guido
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Infectious Diseases Unit, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Lalle
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Mosti
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Mencarini
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Lapa
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Libertone
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Ianniello
- Radiology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Vaia
- General Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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29
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Martín Sánchez FJ, Martínez-Sellés M, Molero García JM, Moreno Guillén S, Rodríguez-Artalejo FJ, Ruiz-Galiana J, Cantón R, De Lucas Ramos P, García-Botella A, García-Lledó A, Hernández-Sampelayo T, Gómez-Pavón J, González Del Castillo J, Martín-Delgado MC, Bouza E. Insights for COVID-19 in 2023. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2023. [PMID: 36510683 DOI: 10.3701/req/059.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Predictions for a near end of the pandemic by the World Health Organization should be interpreted with caution. Current evidence indicates that the efficacy of a fourth dose of classical mRNA vaccines (BT162b2 or mRNA-1273) is low and short-lived in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in its predominant variant (Omicron). However, its efficacy is high against severe symptomatic infection, hospitalization and death. The new vaccines being introduced are bivalent and active against the Omicron variants. Potential new vaccines to be introduced in the coming year include a vaccine based on a recombinant protein that emulates the receptor binding domain of the Spike protein under development by the Spanish company Hipra, as well as vaccines for nasal or oral administration. Available information suggests that vaccines against COVID-19 can be administered in association with influenza vaccination without particular complications. New drugs against COVID-19, both antiviral and anti-inflammatory, are under investigation, but this does not seem to be the case with monoclonal antibodies. The indication to use masks in some circumstances will be maintained next year in view of the accumulation of scientific data on their efficacy. Finally, the long COVID or Post-COVID syndrome may continue to affect a very high proportion of patients who have had the disease, requiring combined diagnostic and therapeutic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - E Bouza
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas del Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense. CIBERES. Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Ljubin-Sternak S, Meštrović T. Rhinovirus—A True Respiratory Threat or a Common Inconvenience of Childhood? Viruses 2023; 15:v15040825. [PMID: 37112805 PMCID: PMC10144685 DOI: 10.3390/v15040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A decade-long neglect of rhinovirus as an important agent of disease in humans was primarily due to the fact that they were seen as less virulent and capable of causing only mild respiratory infections such as common cold. However, with an advent of molecular diagnostic methods, an increasing number of reports placed them among the pathogens found in the lower respiratory tract and recognized them as important risk factors for asthma-related pathology in childhood. As the spread of rhinovirus was not severely affected by the implementation of social distancing and other measures during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, its putative pathogenic role has become even more evident in recent years. By concentrating on children as the most vulnerable group, in this narrative review we first present classification and main traits of rhinovirus, followed by epidemiology and clinical presentation, risk factors for severe forms of the disease, long-term complications and the pathogenesis of asthma, as well as a snapshot of treatment trials and studies. Recent evidence suggests that the rhinovirus is a significant contributor to respiratory illness in both high-risk and low-risk populations of children.
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31
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Banko A, Miljanovic D, Cirkovic A. Systematic review with meta-analysis of active herpesvirus infections in patients with COVID-19: Old players on the new field. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 130:108-125. [PMID: 36736577 PMCID: PMC9889115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Herpesviruses are ubiquitous and after primary infection they establish lifelong latency. The impairment of maintaining latency with short-term or long-term consequences could be triggered by other infection. Therefore, reactivation of herpesviruses in COVID-19 patients represents an emerging issue. DESIGN AND METHODS This study provided the first systematic review with meta-analysis of studies that evaluated active human herpesvirus (HHV) infection (defined as the presence of IgM antibodies or HHV-DNA) in COVID-19 patients and included 36 publications collected by searching through PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of science until November 2022. RESULTS The prevalence of active EBV, HHV6, HSV, CMV, HSV1, and VZV infection in COVID-19 population was 41% (95% CI =27%-57%),3% (95% CI=17%-54%),28% (95% CI=1%-85%),25% (95% CI=1%-63%),22% (95% CI=10%-35%),and 18% (95% CI=4%-34%),respectively. There was a 6 times higher chance for active EBV infection in patients with severe COVID-19 than in non-COVID-19 controls (OR=6.45, 95% CI=1.09-38.13, p=0.040), although there was no difference in the prevalence of all evaluated active herpesvirus infections between COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 controls. CONCLUSIONS Future research of herpesvirus and SARS-CoV-2 coinfections must be prioritized to define: who, when and how to be tested, as well as how to effectively treat HHVs reactivations in acute and long COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Banko
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Danijela Miljanovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Andja Cirkovic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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32
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Zsichla L, Müller V. Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors. Viruses 2023; 15:175. [PMID: 36680215 PMCID: PMC9863423 DOI: 10.3390/v15010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease and death. Understanding the risk factors of severe COVID-19 is relevant both in the clinical setting and at the epidemiological level. Here, we provide an overview of host, viral and environmental factors that have been shown or (in some cases) hypothesized to be associated with severe clinical outcomes. The factors considered in detail include the age and frailty, genetic polymorphisms, biological sex (and pregnancy), co- and superinfections, non-communicable comorbidities, immunological history, microbiota, and lifestyle of the patient; viral genetic variation and infecting dose; socioeconomic factors; and air pollution. For each category, we compile (sometimes conflicting) evidence for the association of the factor with COVID-19 outcomes (including the strength of the effect) and outline possible action mechanisms. We also discuss the complex interactions between the various risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Zsichla
- Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Müller
- Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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33
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Clinical Performance Evaluation of the NeuMoDx Flu A-B/RSV/SARS-CoV-2 Vantage Assay. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123201. [PMID: 36553208 PMCID: PMC9777658 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infections may present with various symptoms that are similar to those of other respiratory diseases. For this reason, the need for simultaneous detection of at least RSV and influenza viruses together with SARS-CoV-2 was evident from the early stages of the pandemic. In the present study, we evaluated the clinical performance of the NeuMoDx™ Flu A-B/RSV/SARS-CoV-2 Vantage Assay against the conventional low-plex PCR utilized to detect influenza A-B, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2. There were 115 known positive clinical samples and 35 negative controls obtained from asymptomatic health-care workers included in the study; 25 samples were positive for influenza viruses, 46 for RSV, and 44 for SARS-CoV-2. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the evaluated method for influenza and SARS-CoV-2 were 100%. The Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.586 (p < 0.05) for influenza and 0.893 (p < 0.05) for SARS-CoV-2. The sensitivity of the aforementioned assay for RSV was 93.47%; the specificity and the positive predictive value were 100%, and the negative predictive value was 92.10%, while the Spearman correlation coefficient was not applicable for the RSV. Overall, the assay under evaluation was shown to be a reliable alternative for the simultaneous detection of influenza viruses, RSV and SARS-CoV-2.
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34
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Wang W, Yang X, Rong Z, Tu Z, Zhang X, Gu B, Wang C, Wang S. Introduction of graphene oxide-supported multilayer-quantum dots nanofilm into multiplex lateral flow immunoassay: A rapid and ultrasensitive point-of-care testing technique for multiple respiratory viruses. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 16:3063-3073. [PMID: 36312892 PMCID: PMC9589541 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) biosensor that allows the sensitive and accurate identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other common respiratory viruses remains highly desired in the face of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Here, we propose a multiplex LFA method for the on-site, rapid, and highly sensitive screening of multiple respiratory viruses, using a multilayered film-like fluorescent tag as the performance enhancement and signal amplification tool. This film-like three-dimensional (3D) tag was prepared through the layer-by-layer assembly of highly photostable CdSe@ZnS-COOH quantum dots (QDs) onto the surfaces of monolayer graphene oxide nanosheets, which can provide larger reaction interfaces and specific active surface areas, higher QD loads, and better luminescence and dispersibility than traditional spherical fluorescent microspheres for LFA applications. The constructed fluorescent LFA biosensor can simultaneously and sensitively quantify SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus, and human adenovirus with low detection limits (8 pg/mL, 488 copies/mL, and 471 copies/mL), short assay time (15 min), good reproducibility, and high accuracy. Moreover, our proposed assay has great potential for the early diagnosis of respiratory virus infections given its robustness when validated in real saliva samples. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (Section S1 Experimental section, Section S2 Calculation of the maximum number of QDs on the GO@TQD nanofilm, Section S3 Optimization of the LFA method, and Figs. S1-S17 mentioned in the main text) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-5043-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100850 China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Xingsheng Yang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Zhen Rong
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Zhijie Tu
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Xiaochang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Bing Gu
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000 China
| | - Chongwen Wang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100850 China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000 China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100850 China
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Higgins E, Gupta A, Cummins NW. Polymicrobial Infections in the Immunocompromised Host: The COVID-19 Realm and Beyond. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 10:medsci10040060. [PMID: 36278530 PMCID: PMC9589947 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression changes both susceptibility to and presentation of infection. Infection with one pathogen can also alter host response to a different, unrelated pathogen. These interactions have been seen across multiple infection domains where bacteria, viruses or fungi act synergistically with a deleterious impact on the host. This phenomenon has been well described with bacterial and fungal infections complicating influenza and is of particular interest in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Modulation of the immune system is a crucial part of successful solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Herein, we present three cases of polymicrobial infection in transplant recipients. These case examples highlight complex host–pathogen interactions and the resultant clinical syndromes.
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36
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Influenza and COVID-19 Co-infection. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid-131750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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