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Pan W, Li S, Li K, Zhou P. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles: Therapeutic Potential in Organ Transplantation. Stem Cells Int 2024; 2024:2043550. [PMID: 38708382 PMCID: PMC11068458 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2043550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, organ transplantation remains the most appropriate therapy for patients with end-stage organ failure. However, the field of organ transplantation is still facing many challenges, including the shortage of organ donors, graft function damage caused by organ metastasis, and antibody-mediated immune rejection. It is therefore urgently necessary to find new and effective treatment. Stem cell therapy has been regarded as a "regenerative medicine technology." Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as the most common source of cells for stem cell therapy, play an important role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses and have been widely used in clinical trials for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Increasing evidence has shown that MSCs mainly rely on paracrine pathways to exert immunomodulatory functions. In addition, mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are the main components of paracrine substances of MSCs. Herein, an overview of the application of the function of MSCs and MSC-EVs in organ transplantation will focus on the progress reported in recent experimental and clinical findings and explore their uses for graft preconditioning and recipient immune tolerance regulation. Additionally, the limitations on the use of MSC and MSC-EVs are also discussed, covering the isolation of exosomes and preservation techniques. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for translating MSCs and MSC-EVs into clinical practice of organ transplantation are also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wennuo Pan
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Shaohan Li
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Kunsheng Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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Ren R, Jiang J, Li X, Zhang G. Research progress of autoimmune diseases based on induced pluripotent stem cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349138. [PMID: 38720903 PMCID: PMC11076788 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases can damage specific or multiple organs and tissues, influence the quality of life, and even cause disability and death. A 'disease in a dish' can be developed based on patients-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSCs-derived disease-relevant cell types to provide a platform for pathogenesis research, phenotypical assays, cell therapy, and drug discovery. With rapid progress in molecular biology research methods including genome-sequencing technology, epigenetic analysis, '-omics' analysis and organoid technology, large amount of data represents an opportunity to help in gaining an in-depth understanding of pathological mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases. This paper aimed to review the iPSCs-based research on phenotype confirmation, mechanism exploration, drug discovery, and cell therapy for autoimmune diseases, especially multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and type 1 diabetes using iPSCs and iPSCs-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guirong Zhang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
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3
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Knoedler L, Dean J, Diatta F, Thompson N, Knoedler S, Rhys R, Sherwani K, Ettl T, Mayer S, Falkner F, Kilian K, Panayi AC, Iske J, Safi AF, Tullius SG, Haykal S, Pomahac B, Kauke-Navarro M. Immune modulation in transplant medicine: a comprehensive review of cell therapy applications and future directions. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372862. [PMID: 38650942 PMCID: PMC11033354 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Balancing the immune response after solid organ transplantation (SOT) and vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) remains an ongoing clinical challenge. While immunosuppressants can effectively reduce acute rejection rates following transplant surgery, some patients still experience recurrent acute rejection episodes, which in turn may progress to chronic rejection. Furthermore, these immunosuppressive regimens are associated with an increased risk of malignancies and metabolic disorders. Despite significant advancements in the field, these IS related side effects persist as clinical hurdles, emphasizing the need for innovative therapeutic strategies to improve transplant survival and longevity. Cellular therapy, a novel therapeutic approach, has emerged as a potential pathway to promote immune tolerance while minimizing systemic side-effects of standard IS regiments. Various cell types, including chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), regulatory myeloid cells (RMCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), offer unique immunomodulatory properties that may help achieve improved outcomes in transplant patients. This review aims to elucidate the role of cellular therapies, particularly MSCs, T cells, Tregs, RMCs, macrophages, and dendritic cells in SOT and VCA. We explore the immunological features of each cell type, their capacity for immune regulation, and the prospective advantages and obstacles linked to their application in transplant patients. An in-depth outline of the current state of the technology may help SOT and VCA providers refine their perioperative treatment strategies while laying the foundation for further trials that investigate cellular therapeutics in transplantation surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Knoedler
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jillian Dean
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Fortunay Diatta
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Noelle Thompson
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Samuel Knoedler
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richmond Rhys
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Khalil Sherwani
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, Berufsgenossenschaft (BG) Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Tobias Ettl
- Department of Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Mayer
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Florian Falkner
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, Berufsgenossenschaft (BG) Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Katja Kilian
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, Berufsgenossenschaft (BG) Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, Berufsgenossenschaft (BG) Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jasper Iske
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ali-Farid Safi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Craniologicum, Center for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Siba Haykal
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kauke-Navarro
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Wang Z, Li T, Zhang Z, Yuan M, Shi M, Wang FS, Linghu EQ, Shi L. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of decompensated cirrhosis (MSC-DLC-1): a dose-escalation, phase I trial protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e078362. [PMID: 38159943 PMCID: PMC10759077 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are limited therapeutic options to efficiently treat patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. This trial aims to explore the efficacy and safety of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) for the treatment of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study is an open-label, dose-escalation, one-armed phase I trial. A single injection of UC-MSCs will be administered in a predetermined dose in each cohort (5.0×107, 1.0×108, 1.5×108 or 2.0×108 cells) according to the '3+3' rule. The primary evaluation measures will include the incidence of adverse events and the change in the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score from baseline to the 28th day. Secondary evaluation measures will be evaluated at baseline and at each follow-up point. These measures will include the change in the MELD score from baseline to each follow-up point, the incidence of each complication associated with decompensated cirrhosis, liver transplant-free survival and the incidence of liver failure, among other relevant measures. All patients will be followed up for 24 months. This study will evaluate whether the use of UC-MSCs to treat patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis is safe and tolerable. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (Approval#: 2018-107-D-4). Once conducted, the results from the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05227846.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerui Wang
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziying Zhang
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Yuan
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Shi
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Qiang Linghu
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Yu S, Lu J. The potential of mesenchymal stem cells to induce immune tolerance to allogeneic transplants. Transpl Immunol 2023; 81:101939. [PMID: 37866668 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Organ allograft transplantation is an effective treatment plan for patients with organ failure. Although the application of continuous immunosuppressants makes successful allograft survival possible, the patients' long-term survival rate and quality of life are not ideal. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new strategy to alleviate transplant rejection by developing therapies for permanent allograft acceptance. One promising approach is the application of tolerogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Extensive research on MSCs has revealed that MSCs have potent differentiation potential and immunomodulatory properties. This review describes the molecular markers and functional properties of MSCs as well as the immunomodulatory mechanisms of MSCs in transplantation, focuses on the research progress in clinical trials of MSCs, and expounds on the future development prospects and possible limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochen Yu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingang Middle Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, China.
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
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Kang H, Feng J, Peng Y, Liu Y, Yang Y, Wu Y, Huang J, Jie Y, Chen B, He Y. Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue showed a more robust effect than those from the umbilical cord in promoting corneal graft survival by suppressing lymphangiogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:328. [PMID: 37957770 PMCID: PMC10644560 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising potential in allograft survival. However, few reports have focused on comparing the immunosuppressive capacity of MSCs from different sources and administered via different routes in inhibiting transplant rejection. Moreover, virtually nothing is known about the role of MSCs in the regulation of graft neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis. In this study, we compared the efficacy of human adipose MSCs (hAD-MSCs) and human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC-MSCs) in vitro and in corneal transplantation models to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and provide a powerful strategy for future clinical applications. METHODS hAD-MSCs and hUC-MSCs were generated, and their self-renewal and multi-differentiation abilities were evaluated. The inhibitory effect of human MSCs (hMSCs) was examined by T-cell proliferation assays with or without transwell in vitro. Two MSCs from different sources were separately adoptively transferred in mice corneal transplantation (5 × 105 or 1 × 106/mouse) via topical subconjunctival or intravenous (IV) routes. Allograft survival was evaluated every other day, and angiogenesis and lymphomagenesis were quantitatively analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The RNA expression profiles of hMSCs were revealed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR), western blotting or ELISA. The function of the differentially expressed gene FAS was verified by a T-cell apoptosis assay. RESULTS hAD-MSCs induced stronger immunosuppression in vitro than hUC-MSCs. The inhibitory effect of hUC-MSCs but not hAD-MSCs was mediated by cell-cell contact-dependent mechanisms. Systemic administration of a lower dose of hAD-MSCs showed better performance in prolonging corneal allograft survival than hUC-MSCs, while subconjunctival administration of hMSCs was safer and further prolonged corneal allograft survival. Both types of hMSCs could inhibit corneal neovascularization, while hAD-MSCs showed greater superiority in suppressing graft lymphangiogenesis. RNA-seq analysis and confirmation experiments revealed the superior performance of hAD-MSCs in allografts based on the lower expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and higher expression of FAS. CONCLUSIONS The remarkable inhibitory effects on angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis and immunological transplantation effects support the development of hAD-MSCs as a cell therapy against corneal transplant rejection. Topical administration of hMSCs was a safer and more effective route for application than systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanmin Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jianing Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Shanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yingqian Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yingyi Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yalei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Jie
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baihua Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yan He
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Mukkala AN, Jerkic M, Khan Z, Szaszi K, Kapus A, Rotstein O. Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Require Mitochondrial Transfer and Quality Control. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15788. [PMID: 37958771 PMCID: PMC10647450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their beneficial effects in an array of diseases, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been the focus of intense preclinical research and clinical implementation for decades. MSCs have multilineage differentiation capacity, support hematopoiesis, secrete pro-regenerative factors and exert immunoregulatory functions promoting homeostasis and the resolution of injury/inflammation. The main effects of MSCs include modulation of immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes), secretion of antimicrobial peptides, and transfer of mitochondria (Mt) to injured cells. These actions can be enhanced by priming (i.e., licensing) MSCs prior to exposure to deleterious microenvironments. Preclinical evidence suggests that MSCs can exert therapeutic effects in a variety of pathological states, including cardiac, respiratory, hepatic, renal, and neurological diseases. One of the key emerging beneficial actions of MSCs is the improvement of mitochondrial functions in the injured tissues by enhancing mitochondrial quality control (MQC). Recent advances in the understanding of cellular MQC, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, fission, and fusion, helped uncover how MSCs enhance these processes. Specifically, MSCs have been suggested to regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α)-dependent biogenesis, Parkin-dependent mitophagy, and Mitofusins (Mfn1/2) or Dynamin Related Protein-1 (Drp1)-mediated fission/fusion. In addition, previous studies also verified mitochondrial transfer from MSCs through tunneling nanotubes and via microvesicular transport. Combined, these effects improve mitochondrial functions, thereby contributing to the resolution of injury and inflammation. Thus, uncovering how MSCs affect MQC opens new therapeutic avenues for organ injury, and the transplantation of MSC-derived mitochondria to injured tissues might represent an attractive new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Naraiah Mukkala
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mirjana Jerkic
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
| | - Zahra Khan
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Katalin Szaszi
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Andras Kapus
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Ori Rotstein
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
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Zhang Q, Zhou SN, Fu JM, Chen LJ, Fang YX, Xu ZY, Xu HK, Yuan Y, Huang YQ, Zhang N, Li YF, Xiang C. Interferon-γ priming enhances the therapeutic effects of menstrual blood-derived stromal cells in a mouse liver ischemia-reperfusion model. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:876-896. [PMID: 37900937 PMCID: PMC10600742 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i9.876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in liver transplantation and have certain effects in alleviating liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and regulating immune rejection. However, some studies have indicated that the effects of MSCs are not very significant. Therefore, approaches that enable MSCs to exert significant and stable therapeutic effects are worth further study. AIM To enhance the therapeutic potential of human menstrual blood-derived stromal cells (MenSCs) in the mouse liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model via interferon-γ (IFN-γ) priming. METHODS Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry to evaluate the safety of IFN-γ priming, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) levels were measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and ELISA to evaluate the efficacy of IFN-γ priming. In vivo, the liver I/R model was established in male C57/BL mice, hematoxylin and eosin and TUNEL staining was performed and serum liver enzyme levels were measured to assess the degree of liver injury, and regulatory T cell (Treg) numbers in spleens were determined by flow cytometry to assess immune tolerance potential. Metabolomics analysis was conducted to elucidate the potential mechanism underlying the regulatory effects of primed MenSCs. In vitro, we established a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model and analyzed apoptosis by flow cytometry to investigate the mechanism through which primed MenSCs inhibit apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to analyze autophagy levels. RESULTS IFN-γ-primed MenSCs secreted higher levels of IDO, attenuated liver injury, and increased Treg numbers in the mouse spleens to greater degrees than untreated MenSCs. Metabolomics and autophagy analyses proved that primed MenSCs more strongly induced autophagy in the mouse livers. In the H/R model, autophagy inhibitors increased the level of H/R-induced apoptosis, indicating that autophagy exerted protective effects. In addition, primed MenSCs decreased the level of H/R-induced apoptosis via IDO and autophagy. Further rescue experiments proved that IDO enhanced the protective autophagy by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and activating the AMPK pathway. CONCLUSION IFN-γ-primed MenSCs exerted better therapeutic effects in the liver I/R model by secreting higher IDO levels. MenSCs and IDO activated the AMPK-mTOR-autophagy axis to reduce IRI, and IDO increased Treg numbers in the spleen and enhanced the MenSC-mediated induction of immune tolerance. Our study suggests that IFN-γ-primed MenSCs may be a novel and superior MSC product for liver transplantation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Si-Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia-Min Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang-Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Xu
- Innovative Precision Medicine Group, Shulan Hospital, Hangzhou 311215, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui-Kang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Charlie Xiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
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9
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Li H, Yu S, Chen L, Liu H, Shen C. Immunomodulatory Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Liver Transplantation: Status and Prospects. Dig Dis 2023; 42:41-52. [PMID: 37729883 DOI: 10.1159/000534003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation (LT) is the only effective therapy for end-stage liver diseases, but some patients usually present with serious infection and immune rejection. Those with immune rejection require long-term administration of immunosuppressants, leading to serious adverse effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have various advantages in immune regulation and are promising drugs most likely to replace immunosuppressants. SUMMARY This study summarized the application of MSCs monotherapy, its combination with immunosuppressants, MSCs genetic modification, and MSCs derivative therapy (cell-free therapy) in LT. This may deepen the understanding of immunomodulatory role of MSCs and promote the application of MSCs in immune rejection treatment after LT. KEY MESSAGES MSCs could attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury and immune rejection. There is no consensus on the effects of types and concentrations of immunosuppressants on MSCs. Although genetically modified MSCs have contributed to better outcomes to some extent, the best modification is still unclear. Besides, multiple clinical complications developed frequently after LT. Unfortunately, there are still few studies on the polygenic modification of MSCs for the simultaneous treatment of these complications. Therefore, more studies should be performed to investigate the potency of multi-gene modified MSCs in treating complications after LT. Additionally, MSC derivatives mainly include exosomes, extracellular vesicles, and conditioned medium. Despite therapeutic effects, these three therapies still have some limitations such as heterogeneity between generations and that they cannot be quantified accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Saihua Yu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Conglong Shen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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10
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Khan S, Mahgoub S, Fallatah N, Lalor PF, Newsome PN. Liver Disease and Cell Therapy: Advances Made and Remaining Challenges. Stem Cells 2023; 41:739-761. [PMID: 37052348 PMCID: PMC10809282 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The limited availability of organs for liver transplantation, the ultimate curative treatment for end stage liver disease, has resulted in a growing and unmet need for alternative therapies. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with their broad ranging anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties have therefore emerged as a promising therapeutic agent in treating inflammatory liver disease. Significant strides have been made in exploring their biological activity. Clinical application of MSC has shifted the paradigm from using their regenerative potential to one which harnesses their immunomodulatory properties. Reassuringly, MSCs have been extensively investigated for over 30 years with encouraging efficacy and safety data from translational and early phase clinical studies, but questions remain about their utility. Therefore, in this review, we examine the translational and clinical studies using MSCs in various liver diseases and their impact on dampening immune-mediated liver damage. Our key observations include progress made thus far with use of MSCs for clinical use, inconsistency in the literature to allow meaningful comparison between different studies and need for standardized protocols for MSC manufacture and administration. In addition, the emerging role of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles as an alternative to MSC has been reviewed. We have also highlighted some of the remaining clinical challenges that should be addressed before MSC can progress to be considered as therapy for patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Khan
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Sara Mahgoub
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Nada Fallatah
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Philip N Newsome
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
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11
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Wang L, Feng M, Zhao Y, Chen B, Zhao Y, Dai J. Biomimetic scaffold-based stem cell transplantation promotes lung regeneration. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10535. [PMID: 37476061 PMCID: PMC10354774 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options are limited for severe lung injury and disease as the spontaneous regeneration of functional alveolar is terminated owing to the weakness of the inherent stem cells and the dyscrasia of the niche. Umbilical cord mesenchymal-derived stem cells (UC-MSCs) have been applied to clinical trials to promote lung repair through stem cell niche restruction. However, the application of UC-MSCs is hampered by the effectiveness of cell transplantation with few cells homing to the injury sites and poor retention, survival, and proliferation in vivo. In this study, we constructed an artificial three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic scaffold-based MSCs implant to establish a beneficial regeneration niche for endogenous stem cells in situ lung regeneration. The therapeutic potential of 3D biomimetic scaffold-based MSCs implants was evaluated by 3D culture in vitro. And RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was mapped to explore the gene expression involved in the niche improvement. Next, a model of partial lung resection was established in rats, and the implants were implanted into the operative region. Effects of the implants on rat resected lung injury repair were detected. The results revealed that UC-MSCs loaded on biomimetic scaffolds exerted strong paracrine effects and some UC-MSCs migrated to the lung from scaffolds and had long-term retention to suppress inflammation and fibrosis in residual lungs and promoted vascular endothelial cells and alveolar type II epithelial cells to enter the scaffolds. Then, under the guidance of the ECM-mimicking structures of scaffolds and the stimulation of the remaining UC-MSCs, vascular and alveolar-like structures were formed in the scaffold region. Moreover, the general morphology of the operative lung was also restored. Taken together, the artificial 3D biomimetic scaffold-based MSCs implants induce in situ lung regeneration and recovery after lung destruction, providing a promising direction for tissue engineering and stem cell strategies in lung regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of People's Liberation ArmyBeijingChina
| | - Meng Feng
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Regenerative MedicineArmy Medical University, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yazhen Zhao
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Regenerative MedicineArmy Medical University, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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12
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Russo E, Corrao S, Di Gaudio F, Alberti G, Caprnda M, Kubatka P, Kruzliak P, Miceli V, Conaldi PG, Borlongan CV, La Rocca G. Facing the Challenges in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: From Standard Treatments to the Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as a New Therapeutic Strategy. Cells 2023; 12:1664. [PMID: 37371134 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which counts more than 650 million cases and more than 6.6 million of deaths worldwide, affects the respiratory system with typical symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and fatigue. Other nonpulmonary manifestations are related with abnormal inflammatory response, the "cytokine storm", that could lead to a multiorgan disease and to death. Evolution of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 provided multiple options to prevent the infection, but the treatment of the severe forms remains difficult to manage. The cytokine storm is usually counteracted with standard medical care and anti-inflammatory drugs, but researchers moved forward their studies on new strategies based on cell therapy approaches. The perinatal tissues, such as placental membranes, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord derivatives, are enriched in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that exert a well-known anti-inflammatory role, immune response modulation, and tissue repair. In this review, we focused on umbilical-cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) used in in vitro and in vivo studies in order to evaluate the weakening of the severe symptoms, and on recent clinical trials from different databases, supporting the favorable potential of UC-MSCs as therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Russo
- Section of Histology and Embryology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Corrao
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per per i Trapianti e Terapie Ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giusi Alberti
- Section of Histology and Embryology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital Bratislava, 81499 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03649 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Research and Development Services, Pradlacka 18, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per per i Trapianti e Terapie Ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per per i Trapianti e Terapie Ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesario Venturina Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Section of Histology and Embryology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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13
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Lin Y, Huang H, Chen L, Chen R, Liu J, Zheng S, Ling Q. Assessing Donor Liver Quality and Restoring Graft Function in the Era of Extended Criteria Donors. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:219-230. [PMID: 36406331 PMCID: PMC9647107 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is the final treatment option for patients with end-stage liver disease. The increasing donor shortage results in the wide usage of grafts from extended criteria donors across the world. Using such grafts is associated with the elevated incidences of post-transplant complications including initial nonfunction and ischemic biliary tract diseases, which significantly reduce recipient survival. Although several clinical factors have been demonstrated to impact donor liver quality, accurate, comprehensive, and effective assessment systems to guide decision-making for organ usage, restoration or discard are lacking. In addition, the development of biochemical technologies and bioinformatic analysis in recent years helps us better understand graft injury during the perioperative period and find potential ways to restore graft function. Moreover, such advances reveal the molecular profiles of grafts or perfusate that are susceptible to poor graft function and provide insight into finding novel biomarkers for graft quality assessment. Focusing on donors and grafts, we updated potential biomarkers in donor blood, liver tissue, or perfusates that predict graft quality following LT, and summarized strategies for restoring graft function in the era of extended criteria donors. In this review, we also discuss the advantages and drawbacks of these potential biomarkers and offer suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimou Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifeng Chen
- Department of Clinical Engineering and Information Technology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruihan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jimin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Ling
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Correspondence to: Qi Ling, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7377-2381. Tel/Fax: +86-571-87236629, E-mail:
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14
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Hoseinzadeh A, Rezaieyazdi Z, Afshari JT, Mahmoudi A, Heydari S, Moradi R, Esmaeili SA, Mahmoudi M. Modulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Mediated Adaptive Immune Effectors' Repertoire in the Recovery of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:322-344. [PMID: 36272020 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The breakdown of self-tolerance of the immune response can lead to autoimmune conditions in which chronic inflammation induces tissue damage. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a debilitating multisystemic autoimmune disorder with a high prevalence in women of childbearing age; however, SLE incidence, prevalence, and severity are strongly influenced by ethnicity. Although the mystery of autoimmune diseases remains unsolved, disturbance in the proportion and function of B cell subsets has a major role in SLE's pathogenesis. Additionally, colocalizing hyperactive T helper cell subgroups within inflammatory niches are indispensable. Despite significant advances in standard treatments, nonspecific immunosuppression, the risk of serious infections, and resistance to conventional therapies in some cases have raised the urgent need for new treatment strategies. Without the need to suppress the immune system, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as ''smart" immune modulators, are able to control cellular and humoral auto-aggression responses by participating in precursor cell development. In lupus, due to autologous MSCs disorder, the ability of allogenic engrafted MSCs in tissue regeneration and resetting immune homeostasis with the provision of a new immunocyte repertoire has been considered simultaneously. In Brief The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) lineage plays a critical role in maintaining the hematopoietic stem-cell microstructure and modulating immunocytes. The impairment of BM-MSCs and their niche partially contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE-like diseases. Allogenic MSC transplantation can reconstruct BM microstructure, possibly contributing to the recovery of immunocyte phenotype restoration of immune homeostasis. In terms of future prospects of MSCs, artificially gained by ex vivo isolation and culture adaptation, the wide variety of potential mediators and mechanisms might be linked to the promotion of the immunomodulatory function of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Hoseinzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaieyazdi
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.,Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jalil Tavakol Afshari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Heydari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Reza Moradi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi Square, Kalantari Blvd, Pardi's campusMashhad, Iran.
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15
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Cheng HY, Anggelia MR, Lin CH, Wei FC. Toward transplantation tolerance with adipose tissue-derived therapeutics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111813. [PMID: 37187733 PMCID: PMC10175575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid organ and composite tissue allotransplanation have been widely applied to treat end-stage organ failure and massive tissue defects, respectively. Currently there are a lot of research endeavors focusing on induction of transplantation tolerance, to relieve the burden derived from long-term immunosuppressant uptake. The mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated with potent immunomodulatory capacities and applied as promising cellular therapeutics to promote allograft survival and induce tolerance. As a rich source of adult MSCs, adipose tissue provides additional advantages of easy accessibility and good safety profile. In recent years, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolated from adipose tissues following enzymatic or mechanical processing without in vitro culture and expansion has demonstrated immunomodulatory and proangiogenic properties. Furthermore, the secretome of AD-MSCs has been utilized in transplantation field as a potential "cell-free" therapeutics. This article reviews recent studies that employ these adipose-derived therapeutics, including AD-MSCs, SVF, and secretome, in various aspects of organ and tissue allotransplantation. Most reports validate their efficacies in prolonging allograft survival. Specifically, the SVF and secretome have performed well for graft preservation and pretreatment, potentially through their proangiogenic and antioxidative capacities. In contrast, AD-MSCs were suitable for peri-transplantation immunosuppression. The proper combination of AD-MSCs, lymphodepletion and conventional immunosuppressants could consistently induce donor-specific tolerance to vascularized composite allotransplants (VCA). For each type of transplantation, optimizing the choice of therapeutics, timing, dose, and frequency of administration may be required. Future progress in the application of adipose-derived therapeutics to induce transplantation tolerance will be further benefited by continued research into their mechanisms of action and the development of standardized protocols for isolation methodologies, cell culture, and efficacy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yun Cheng
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hui-Yun Cheng,
| | - Madonna Rica Anggelia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chan Wei
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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16
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Tamaki Y, Shibata Y, Hayakawa M, Kato N, Machii A, Ikeda Y, Nanizawa E, Hayashi Y, Suemizu H, Ito H, Ishikawa T. Treatment with hepatocyte transplantation in a novel mouse model of persistent liver failure. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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17
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Pozzobon M, D’Agostino S, Roubelakis MG, Cargnoni A, Gramignoli R, Wolbank S, Gindraux F, Bollini S, Kerdjoudj H, Fenelon M, Di Pietro R, Basile M, Borutinskaitė V, Piva R, Schoeberlein A, Eissner G, Giebel B, Ponsaerts P. General consensus on multimodal functions and validation analysis of perinatal derivatives for regenerative medicine applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:961987. [PMID: 36263355 PMCID: PMC9574482 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.961987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal tissues, such as placenta and umbilical cord contain a variety of somatic stem cell types, spanning from the largely used hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to the most recently described broadly multipotent epithelial and stromal cells. As perinatal derivatives (PnD), several of these cell types and related products provide an interesting regenerative potential for a variety of diseases. Within COST SPRINT Action, we continue our review series, revising and summarizing the modalities of action and proposed medical approaches using PnD products: cells, secretome, extracellular vesicles, and decellularized tissues. Focusing on the brain, bone, skeletal muscle, heart, intestinal, liver, and lung pathologies, we discuss the importance of potency testing in validating PnD therapeutics, and critically evaluate the concept of PnD application in the field of tissue regeneration. Hereby we aim to shed light on the actual therapeutic properties of PnD, with an open eye for future clinical application. This review is part of a quadrinomial series on functional/potency assays for validation of PnD, spanning biological functions, such as immunomodulation, anti-microbial/anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pozzobon
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Michela Pozzobon, , ; Peter Ponsaerts,
| | - Stefania D’Agostino
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria G. Roubelakis
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Cargnoni
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA Trauma Research Center, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florelle Gindraux
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et plastique, CHU Besançon, Laboratoire de Nanomédecine, Imagerie, Thérapeutique EA 4662, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Sveva Bollini
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Halima Kerdjoudj
- University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA 4691 BIOS “Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux”, UFR d’Odontologie, Reims, France
| | | | - Roberta Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, Section of Biomorphology, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariangela Basile
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, Section of Biomorphology, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Veronika Borutinskaitė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andreina Schoeberlein
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guenther Eissner
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Michela Pozzobon, , ; Peter Ponsaerts,
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Shimoyama K, Tsuchiya T, Watanabe H, Ergalad A, Iwatake M, Miyazaki T, Hashimoto Y, Hsu YI, Hatachi G, Matsumoto K, Ishii M, Mizoguchi S, Doi R, Tomoshige K, Yamaoka T, Nagayasu T. Donor and Recipient Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Rat Lung Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:1998-2007. [PMID: 36041932 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are beginning to be proven as immunosuppressant in the field of organ transplantation. However, the effects of MSC origin (donor or recipient) on immunosuppression are not clear. Hence, we investigated the effects of recipient and donor adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs) on immunosuppression in a rat lung transplantation model. METHODS Subjects were divided into no treatment, tacrolimus administration, recipient ADMSC administration, donor ADMSC administration, and mixed donor and recipient ADMSC administration groups. ADMSC-administered groups were also treated with tacrolimus. Histologic study, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and polymerase chain reaction were used for various analyses. RESULTS Fluorescently labeled ADMSCs were predominant in the grafted donor lung, but not in the recipient lung, on day 5. On day 7, the pathologic rejection grades of the grafted donor lung were significantly lower in the ADMSC-administered groups (P < .05) and did not differ among these groups. Although serum hepatocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor levels did not differ among the groups, interleukin 10 level was slightly higher in the ADMSC-administered groups. The numbers of infiltrating regulatory T cells in the grafted lung were significantly higher in the ADMSC-administered groups (P < .05) but did not differ with cell origin. Transcriptional analysis suggested interleukin 6 suppression to be the main overlapping immunosuppressive mechanism, regardless of origin. Therefore, a donor or recipient origin may not influence the immunosuppressive efficacy of ADMSCs in our rat lung transplantation model. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the results indicate that allogenic ADMSCs, regardless of their origin, may exert similar immunosuppressive effects in clinical organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Shimoyama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Center, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoshi Tsuchiya
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Division of Nucleic Acid Drug Development, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Hironosuke Watanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Abdelmotagaly Ergalad
- Center for Preclinical Surgical and Interventional Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Mayumi Iwatake
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takuro Miyazaki
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Hashimoto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Center, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yu-I Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Go Hatachi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsumoto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Center, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Ishii
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Center, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mizoguchi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Center, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Doi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Tomoshige
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yamaoka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Center, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Li TT, Wang ZR, Yao WQ, Linghu EQ, Wang FS, Shi L. Stem Cell Therapies for Chronic Liver Diseases: Progress and Challenges. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:900-911. [PMID: 35993521 PMCID: PMC9492280 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases have become a significant health issue worldwide and urgently require the development of novel therapeutic approaches, in addition to liver transplantation. Recent clinical and preclinical studies have shown that cell-based therapeutic strategies may contribute to the improvement of chronic liver diseases and offer new therapeutic options to restore liver function through their roles in tissue impairment and immunomodulation. In this review, we summarize the current progress and analyze the challenges for different types of cell therapies used in the treatment of chronic liver diseases currently explored in clinical trials and preclinical studies in animal models. We also discuss some critical issues regarding the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs, the most extensive cell source of stem cells), including therapeutic dosage, transfusion routine, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of transfused MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Rui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qi Yao
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Industrial Base for Stem Cell Engineering Products, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Qiang Linghu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Cellular Therapies in Pediatric Liver Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162483. [PMID: 36010561 PMCID: PMC9406752 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the gold standard for the treatment of pediatric end-stage liver disease and liver based metabolic disorders. Although liver transplant is successful, its wider application is limited by shortage of donor organs, surgical complications, need for life long immunosuppressive medication and its associated complications. Cellular therapies such as hepatocytes and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently emerging as an attractive alternative to liver transplantation. The aim of this review is to present the existing world experience in hepatocyte and MSC transplantation and the potential for future effective applications of these modalities of treatment.
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21
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Psaraki A, Ntari L, Karakostas C, Korrou-Karava D, Roubelakis MG. Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: The regenerative impact in liver diseases. Hepatology 2022; 75:1590-1603. [PMID: 34449901 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver dysfunctions are classified into acute and chronic diseases, which comprise a heterogeneous group of pathological features and a high mortality rate. Liver transplantation remains the gold-standard therapy for most liver diseases, with concomitant limitations related to donor organ shortage and lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. A concept in liver therapy intends to overcome these limitations based on the secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs; microvesicles and exosomes) by mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). A significant number of studies have shown that factors released by MSCs could induce liver repair and ameliorate systemic inflammation through paracrine effects. It is well known that this paracrine action is based not only on the secretion of cytokines and growth factors but also on EVs, which regulate pathways associated with inflammation, hepatic fibrosis, integrin-linked protein kinase signaling, and apoptosis. Herein, we extensively discuss the differential effects of MSC-EVs on different liver diseases and on cellular and animal models and address the complex molecular mechanisms involved in the therapeutic potential of EVs. In addition, we cover the crucial information regarding the type of molecules contained in MSC-EVs that can be effective in the context of liver diseases. In conclusion, outcomes on MSC-EV-mediated therapy are expected to lead to an innovative, cell-free, noninvasive, less immunogenic, and nontoxic alternative strategy for liver treatment and to provide important mechanistic information on the reparative function of liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Psaraki
- Laboratory of BiologyMedical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Lydia Ntari
- Laboratory of BiologyMedical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Christos Karakostas
- Laboratory of BiologyMedical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Despoina Korrou-Karava
- Laboratory of BiologyMedical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Maria G Roubelakis
- Laboratory of BiologyMedical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
- Centre of Basic ResearchBiomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of AthensAthensGreece
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22
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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells modified with heme oxygenase-1 alleviate rejection of donation after circulatory death liver transplantation by inhibiting dendritic cell maturation in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Poly (L-Lactic Acid) Cell-Laden Scaffolds Applied on Swine Model of Tracheal Fistula. J Surg Res 2022; 277:319-334. [PMID: 35552075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tracheal fistula (TF) treatments may involve temporary orthosis and further ablative procedures, which can lead to infection. Thus, TF requires other therapy alternatives development. The hypothesis of this work was to demonstrate the feasibility of a tissue-engineered alternative for small TF in a preclinical model. Also, its association with suture filaments enriched with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (AT-MSCs) was assessed to determine whether it could optimize the regenerative process. METHODS Poly (L-Lactic acid) (PLLA) membranes were manufactured by electrospinning and had morphology analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. AT-MSCs were cultured in these scaffolds and in vitro assays were performed (cytotoxicity, cellular adhesion, and viability). Subsequently, these cellular constructs were implanted in an animal small TF model. The association with suture filaments containing attached AT-MSCs was present in one animal group. After 30 d, animals were sacrificed and regenerative potential was evaluated, mainly related to the extracellular matrix remodeling, by performing histopathological (Hematoxylin-Eosin and trichrome Masson) and immunohistochemistry (Collagen I/II/III, matrix metalloproteinases-2, matrix metalloproteinases-9, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin-10) analyses. RESULTS PLLA membranes presented porous fibers, randomly oriented. In vitro assays results showed that AT-MSCs attached were viable and maintained an active metabolism. Swine implanted with AT-MSCs attached to membranes and suture filaments showed aligned collagen fibers and a better regenerative progress in 30 d. CONCLUSIONS PLLA membranes with AT-MSCs attached were useful to the extracellular matrix restoration and have a high potential for small TF treatment. Also, their association with suture filaments enriched with AT-MSCs was advantageous.
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Shokravi S, Borisov V, Zaman BA, Niazvand F, Hazrati R, Khah MM, Thangavelu L, Marzban S, Sohrabi A, Zamani A. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their exosome in acute liver failure (ALF): a comprehensive review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:192. [PMID: 35527304 PMCID: PMC9080215 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their derivative exosome have become a promising approach in the context of liver diseases therapy, in particular, acute liver failure (ALF). In addition to their differentiation into hepatocytes in vivo, which is partially involved in liver regeneration, MSCs support liver regeneration as a result of their appreciated competencies, such as antiapoptotic, immunomodulatory, antifibrotic, and also antioxidant attributes. Further, MSCs-secreted molecules inspire hepatocyte proliferation in vivo, facilitating damaged tissue recovery in ALF. Given these properties, various MSCs-based approaches have evolved and resulted in encouraging outcomes in ALF animal models and also displayed safety and also modest efficacy in human studies, providing a new avenue for ALF therapy. Irrespective of MSCs-derived exosome, MSCs-based strategies in ALF include administration of native MSCs, genetically modified MSCs, pretreated MSCs, MSCs delivery using biomaterials, and also MSCs in combination with and other therapeutic molecules or modalities. Herein, we will deliver an overview regarding the therapeutic effects of the MSCs and their exosomes in ALF. As well, we will discuss recent progress in preclinical and clinical studies and current challenges in MSCs-based therapies in ALF, with a special focus on in vivo reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin Shokravi
- Department of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, FL USA
| | - Vitaliy Borisov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Burhan Abdullah Zaman
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Firoozeh Niazvand
- School of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Raheleh Hazrati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Meysam Mohammadi Khah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Sima Marzban
- Department of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, FL USA
| | - Armin Sohrabi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Zamani
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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25
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Tang Y, Wu P, Li L, Xu W, Jiang J. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Small Extracellular Vesicles as Crucial Immunological Efficacy for Hepatic Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880523. [PMID: 35603168 PMCID: PMC9121380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) are a priority for researchers because of their role in tissue regeneration. sEVs act as paracrine factors and carry various cargos, revealing the state of the parent cells and contributing to cell–cell communication during both physiological and pathological circumstances. Hepatic diseases are mainly characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatocyte necrosis and fibrosis, bringing the focus onto immune regulation and other regulatory mechanisms of MSCs/MSC-sEVs. Increasing evidence suggests that MSCs and their sEVs protect against acute and chronic liver injury by inducing macrophages (MΦ) to transform into the M2 subtype, accelerating regulatory T/B (Treg/Breg) cell activation and promoting immunosuppression. MSCs/MSC-sEVs also prevent the proliferation and differentiation of T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and natural killer (NK) cells. This review summarizes the potential roles for MSCs/MSC-sEVs, including immunomodulation and tissue regeneration, in various liver diseases. There is also a specific focus on the use of MSC-sEVs for targeted drug delivery to treat hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Tang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosome Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosome Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Linli Li
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosome Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosome Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Wenrong Xu, ; Jiajia Jiang,
| | - Jiajia Jiang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosome Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Wenrong Xu, ; Jiajia Jiang,
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26
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Mönch D, Reinders MEJ, Dahlke MH, Hoogduijn MJ. How to Make Sense out of 75,000 Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Publications? Cells 2022; 11:cells11091419. [PMID: 35563725 PMCID: PMC9101744 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells have been the subject of an expanding number of studies over the past decades. Today, over 75,000 publications are available that shine light on the biological properties and therapeutic effects of these versatile cells in numerous pre-clinical models and early-phase clinical trials. The massive number of papers makes it hard for researchers to comprehend the whole field, and furthermore, they give the impression that mesenchymal stromal cells are wonder cells that are curative for any condition. It is becoming increasingly difficult to dissect how and for what conditions mesenchymal stromal cells exhibit true and reproducible therapeutic effects. This article tries to address the question how to make sense of 75,000, and still counting, publications on mesenchymal stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mönch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany;
- University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marlies E. J. Reinders
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Marc H. Dahlke
- Department of Surgery, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Martin J. Hoogduijn
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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27
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Guo H, Li B, Li N, Liu X, Gao H, Sun X, Zhao N. Exosomes: Potential executors of IL‐35 gene‐modified adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in inhibiting acute rejection after heart transplantation. Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13171. [PMID: 35398907 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Department of General Surgery Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Baozhu Li
- Department of General Surgery Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of General Surgery Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Xin Liu
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Haopeng Gao
- Department of General Surgery Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Na Zhao
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
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28
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Fagoonee S, Shukla SP, Dhasmana A, Birbrair A, Haque S, Pellicano R. Routes of Stem Cell Administration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022:63-82. [PMID: 35389198 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are very promising for the treatment of a plethora of human diseases. Numerous clinical studies have been conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of various stem cell types. Factors that ensure successful therapeutic outcomes in patients are cell-based parameters such as source, viability, and number, as well as frequency and timing of intervention and disease stage. Stem cell administration routes should be appropriately chosen as these can affect homing and engraftment of the cells and hence reduce therapeutic effects, or compromise safety, resulting in serious adverse events. In this chapter, we will describe the use of stem cells in organ repair and regeneration, in particular, the liver and the available routes of cell delivery in the clinic for end-stage liver diseases. Factors affecting homing and engraftment of stem cells for each administration route will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy.
| | - Shiv Poojan Shukla
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology and South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
- Department of Biosciences and Cancer Research Institute, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey
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29
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Vandermeulen M, Mohamed-Wais M, Erpicum P, Delbouille MH, Lechanteur C, Briquet A, Maggipinto G, Jouret F, Beguin Y, Detry O. Infusion of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells After Liver Transplantation: A 5-Year Follow-Up. Liver Transpl 2022; 28:636-646. [PMID: 34605167 DOI: 10.1002/lt.26323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Various properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) might be particularly of interest after liver transplantation (LT). In this article, we report the long-term results of a prospective, controlled, and first-in-human phase 1 study evaluating the safety of a single MSC infusion after LT. A total of 10 LT recipients treated with standard immunosuppression received 1.5 to 3 × 106 /kg third-party unrelated MSCs on postoperative day 3 and were prospectively compared with a control group of 10 LT recipients. Primary endpoints were set to prospectively detect potentially delayed adverse effects of MSC infusion, particularly the occurrence of infections and cancers. Secondary endpoints of liver graft and patient survival, graft rejection and function, occurrence of bile duct complications, and development of donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies (DSA) against liver or MSC donors were studied. The median follow-up was 85 months. There was no difference in overall rates of infection or cancer at 5 years of follow-up between the 2 groups. There was also no difference in secondary endpoints. The prevalence of de novo liver DSAs related to HLA mismatches was twice as high in the MSC group compared with the control group. All of the de novo class II HLA antibodies against MSCs were linked to a shared HLA mismatch between the liver and MSCs. This study confirms the safety of a single MSC infusion after LT. The potential benefits of MSC injections in the context of organ transplantation have yet to be demonstrated by larger prospective studies. The development of anti-HLA antibodies against an MSC donor should be further evaluated, especially in cases of shared HLA mismatches between graft and MSC donors, despite the fact that no deleterious effect has been detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Vandermeulen
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation, University of Liege Hospital (CHU ULiege), University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,Centre de Recherche et de Developpement du Departement de Chirurgie, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA) Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Maleyko Mohamed-Wais
- Centre de Recherche et de Developpement du Departement de Chirurgie, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA) Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Pauline Erpicum
- Centre de Recherche et de Developpement du Departement de Chirurgie, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA) Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology, CHU ULiege, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Marie-Hélène Delbouille
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation, University of Liege Hospital (CHU ULiege), University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Chantal Lechanteur
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, CHU ULiege, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Briquet
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, CHU ULiege, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Gianni Maggipinto
- Division of Immuno-Hematology, CHU ULiege, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - François Jouret
- Centre de Recherche et de Developpement du Departement de Chirurgie, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA) Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology, CHU ULiege, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, CHU ULiege, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA)-I3-Hematology, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, CHU ULiege, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Olivier Detry
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation, University of Liege Hospital (CHU ULiege), University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,Centre de Recherche et de Developpement du Departement de Chirurgie, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA) Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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30
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Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells, are important adult stem cells for regenerative medicine, largely due to their regenerative characteristics such as self-renewal, secretion of trophic factors, and the capability of inducing mesenchymal cell lineages. MSCs also possess homing and trophic properties modulating immune system, influencing microenvironment around damaged tissues and enhancing tissue repair, thus offering a broad perspective in cell-based therapies. Therefore, it is not surprising that MSCs have been the broadly used adult stem cells in clinical trials. To gain better insights into the current applications of MSCs in clinical applications, we perform a comprehensive review of reported data of MSCs clinical trials conducted globally. We summarize the biological effects and mechanisms of action of MSCs, elucidating recent clinical trials phases and findings, highlighting therapeutic effects of MSCs in several representative diseases, including neurological, musculoskeletal diseases and most recent Coronavirus infectious disease. Finally, we also highlight the challenges faced by many clinical trials and propose potential solutions to streamline the use of MSCs in routine clinical applications and regenerative medicine.
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New Perspectives to Improve Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies for Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052669. [PMID: 35269830 PMCID: PMC8910533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the leading causes of acute liver injury. Many factors may contribute to the susceptibility of patients to this condition, making DILI a global medical problem that has an impact on public health and the pharmaceutical industry. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been at the forefront of regenerative medicine therapies for many years, including MSCs for the treatment of liver diseases. However, there is currently a huge gap between these experimental approaches and their application in clinical practice. In this concise review, we focus on the pathophysiology of DILI and highlight new experimental approaches conceived to improve cell-based therapy by the in vitro preconditioning of MSCs and/or the use of cell-free products as treatment for this liver condition. Finally, we discuss the advantages of new approaches, but also the current challenges that must be addressed in order to develop safer and more effective procedures that will allow cell-based therapies to reach clinical practice, enhancing the quality of life and prolonging the survival time of patients with DILI.
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Effect of Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Conditioned Media on an LPS-Induced Mouse Model of Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031674. [PMID: 35163594 PMCID: PMC8836066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hPDMSCs)-derived conditioned media (CM) on a mouse model of preeclampsia (PE), a severe human pregnancy-related syndrome characterized by maternal hypertension, proteinuria, endothelial damage, inflammation, often associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR). At d11 of pregnancy, PE was induced in pregnant C57BL/6N mice by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intravenous injection. At d12, 300 μL of unconditioned media (control group) or 300 μL PDMSCs-CM (CM group) were injected. Maternal systolic blood pressure was measured from 9 to 18 days of pregnancy. Urine protein content were analyzed at days 12, 13, and 17 of pregnancy. At d19, mice were sacrificed. Number of fetuses, FGR, fetal reabsorption, and placental weight were evaluated. Placentae were analyzed for sFlt-1, IL-6, and TNF-α gene and protein expressions. No FGR and/or reabsorbed fetuses were delivered by PDMSCs-CM-treated PE mice, while five FGR fetuses were found in the control group accompanied by a lower placental weight. PDMSCs-CM injection significantly decreased maternal systolic blood pressure, proteinuria, sFlt-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in PE mice. Our data indicate that hPDMSCs-CM can reverse PE-like features during pregnancy, suggesting a therapeutic role for hPDMSCs for the treatment of preeclampsia.
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Anggelia MR, Cheng HY, Lai PC, Hsieh YH, Lin CH, Lin CH. Cell Therapy in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation. Biomed J 2022; 45:454-464. [PMID: 35042019 PMCID: PMC9422067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allograft rejection is one of the obstacles in achieving a successful vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). Treatments of graft rejection with lifelong immunosuppression (IS) subject the recipients to a lifelong risk of cancer development and opportunistic infections. Cell therapy has recently emerged as a promising strategy to modulate the immune system, minimize immunosuppressant drug dosages, and induce allograft tolerance. In this review, the recent works regarding the use of cell therapy to improve allograft outcomes are discussed. The current data supports the safety of cell therapy. The suitable type of cell therapy in allotransplantation is clinically dependent. Bone marrow cell therapy is more suitable for the induction phase, while other cell therapies are more feasible in either the induction or maintenance phase, or for salvage of allograft rejection. Immune cell therapy focuses on modulating the immune response, whereas stem cells may have an additional role in promoting structural regenerations, such as nerve regeneration. Source, frequency, dosage, and route of cell therapy delivery are also dependent on the specific need in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madonna Rica Anggelia
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yun Cheng
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chin Lai
- The Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Huan Hsieh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Epworth Eastern Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chih-Hung Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Kulus M, Sibiak R, Stefańska K, Zdun M, Wieczorkiewicz M, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Jaśkowski JM, Bukowska D, Ratajczak K, Zabel M, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Human and Animal Perinatal Tissues-Origins, Characteristics, Signaling Pathways, and Clinical Trials. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123278. [PMID: 34943786 PMCID: PMC8699543 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are currently one of the most extensively researched fields due to their promising opportunity for use in regenerative medicine. There are many sources of MSCs, of which cells of perinatal origin appear to be an invaluable pool. Compared to embryonic stem cells, they are devoid of ethical conflicts because they are derived from tissues surrounding the fetus and can be safely recovered from medical waste after delivery. Additionally, perinatal MSCs exhibit better self-renewal and differentiation properties than those derived from adult tissues. It is important to consider the anatomy of perinatal tissues and the general description of MSCs, including their isolation, differentiation, and characterization of different types of perinatal MSCs from both animals and humans (placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid). Ultimately, signaling pathways are essential to consider regarding the clinical applications of MSCs. It is important to consider the origin of these cells, referring to the anatomical structure of the organs of origin, when describing the general and specific characteristics of the different types of MSCs as well as the pathways involved in differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (K.R.)
| | - Rafał Sibiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (R.S.); (K.S.)
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stefańska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (R.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Maciej Zdun
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (H.P.-K.)
| | - Maria Wieczorkiewicz
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (H.P.-K.)
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (H.P.-K.)
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jędrzej M. Jaśkowski
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.M.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.M.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Kornel Ratajczak
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (K.R.)
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland;
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (K.R.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (R.S.); (K.S.)
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Al Reza H, Okabe R, Takebe T. Organoid transplant approaches for the liver. Transpl Int 2021; 34:2031-2045. [PMID: 34614263 PMCID: PMC8602742 DOI: 10.1111/tri.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organoid technology is a state-of-the-art cell culture tool that has revolutionized study of development, regeneration, and diseases. Human liver organoids (HLOs) are now derived from either adult stem/progenitors or pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), emulating cellular diversity and structural symphony akin to the human liver. With the rapid rise in decompensated liver disease conditions only treated by liver transplant therapy, HLOs represent an alternate source for transplantation to address the ongoing shortage of grafts. Although ongoing advancements in bioengineering technology have moved the organoid transplant approach to the next level, sustained survival of the transplanted tissue still eludes us toward functional organ replacement. Herein, we review the development of HLOs and discuss promises and challenges on organoid transplant approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Al Reza
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Ryo Okabe
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Communication Design Center, Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Deng Z, Zhou J, Mu X, Gu J, Li X, Shao Q, Li J, Yang C, Han G, Zhao J, Xia Y. Regulatory T Cells Improved the Anti-cirrhosis Activity of Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cell in the Liver by Regulating the TGF-β-Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737825. [PMID: 34712665 PMCID: PMC8545991 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a progression stage of chronic liver disease, while current therapies cannot cure or attune cirrhosis effectively. Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cell (hAMSC) presented immunoregulatory and tissue repairability of multiple illnesses. Regulatory T cells (Treg) had been proved to be functional in reducing immune cell activity. We showed that co-infusion of hAMSC and Treg prevented mild liver fibrosis comparing with hAMSC or Treg alone group. In vitro study indicated that the addition of Treg or the supernatant of Treg improved the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secreting and cell differentiation ability of hAMSC. Reduction of TGF-β significantly decreased the HGF secreting and differentiation of hAMSC. Multiple signal neutralizers were added to the culture to understand further the mechanism, which showed that 1-MT, the suppressor of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), was involved in the effect of TGF-β in regulating hAMSC. Depletion of TGF-β or IDO signaling successfully abolished the effect of Treg in improving hAMSC's function both in vitro and vivo. Finally, our result indicated that Treg improved the function of hAMSC by regulating the TGF-β-IDO signaling and co-infusion of hAMSC and Treg provided a promising approach for treating liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Deng
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Liver Cancer Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinren Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Liver Cancer Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Mu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Liver Cancer Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Liver Cancer Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Liver Cancer Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Shao
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Liver Cancer Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyang Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Liver Cancer Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Liver Cancer Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoyong Han
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Liver Cancer Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Liver Cancer Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxiang Xia
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Liver Cancer Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Sant'Ana AN, Araújo AB, Gonçalves FDC, Paz AH. Effects of living and metabolically inactive mesenchymal stromal cells and their derivatives on monocytes and macrophages. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1160-1176. [PMID: 34630856 PMCID: PMC8474715 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i9.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent and self-renewing stem cells that have great potential as cell therapy for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, as well as for other clinical conditions, due to their immunoregulatory and regenerative properties. MSCs modulate the inflammatory milieu by releasing soluble factors and acting through cell-to-cell mechanisms. MSCs switch the classical inflammatory status of monocytes and macrophages towards a non-classical and anti-inflammatory phenotype. This is characterized by an increased secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, a decreased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and changes in the expression of cell membrane molecules and in metabolic pathways. The MSC modulation of monocyte and macrophage phenotypes seems to be critical for therapy effectiveness in several disease models, since when these cells are depleted, no immunoregulatory effects are observed. Here, we review the effects of living MSCs (metabolically active cells) and metabolically inactive MSCs (dead cells that lost metabolic activity by induced inactivation) and their derivatives (extracellular vesicles, soluble factors, extracts, and microparticles) on the profile of macrophages and monocytes and the implications for immunoregulatory and reparative processes. This review includes mechanisms of action exhibited in these different therapeutic approaches, which induce the anti-inflammatory properties of monocytes and macrophages. Finally, we overview several possibilities of therapeutic applications of these cells and their derivatives, with results regarding monocytes and macrophages in animal model studies and some clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Nedel Sant'Ana
- Laboratório de Células Tecidos e Genes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
| | - Anelise Bergmann Araújo
- Centro de Processamento Celular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Helena Paz
- Laboratório de Células Tecidos e Genes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
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Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Improve Allotransplantation Outcome. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092325. [PMID: 34571974 PMCID: PMC8469056 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are tissue-derived progenitor cells with immunomodulatory as well as multilineage differentiation capacities, and have been widely applied as cellular therapeutics in different disease systems in both preclinical models and clinical studies. Although many studies have applied MSCs in different types of allotransplantation, the efficacy varies. It has been demonstrated that preconditioning MSCs prior to in vivo administration may enhance their efficacy. In the field of organ/tissue allotransplantation, many recent studies have shown that preconditioning of MSCs with (1) pretreatment with bioactive factors or reagents such as cytokines, or (2) specific gene transfection, could prolong allotransplant survival and improve allotransplant function. Herein, we review these preconditioning strategies and discuss potential directions for further improvement.
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39
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Li SW, Cai Y, Mao XL, He SQ, Chen YH, Yan LL, Zhou JJ, Song YQ, Ye LP, Zhou XB. The Immunomodulatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Play a Critical Role in Inducing Immune Tolerance after Liver Transplantation. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6930263. [PMID: 34531915 PMCID: PMC8440082 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6930263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although liver transplantation is considered to be the best choice for patients with end-stage liver diseases, postoperative immune rejection still cannot be overlooked. Patients with liver transplantation have to take immunosuppressive drugs for a long time or even their entire lives, in which heavy economic burden and side effects caused by the drugs have become the major impediment for liver transplantation. There is a growing body of evidences indicating that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, a promising tool in regenerative medicine, can be used as an effective way to induce immune tolerance after liver transplantation based on their huge expansion potential and unique immunomodulatory properties. MSCs have been reported to inhibit innate immunity and adaptive immunity to induce a tolerogenic microenvironment. In in vitro studies, transplanted MSCs show plasticity in immune regulation by altering their viability, migration, differentiation, and secretion in the interactions with the surrounding host microenvironment. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current understanding of immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in liver transplantation, to elucidate the potential mechanisms behind MSCs regulating immune response, especially in vivo and the influence of the microenvironment, and ultimately to discuss the feasible strategies to improve the clinical prognosis of liver transplantation. Only after exhaustive understanding of potential mechanisms of the MSC immunomodulation can we improve the safety and effectiveness of MSC treatment and achieve better therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Cai
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-li Mao
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sai-qin He
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-hong Chen
- Health Management Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-ling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-qi Song
- Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-ping Ye
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian-bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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40
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Willekens B, Wens I, Wouters K, Cras P, Cools N. Safety and immunological proof-of-concept following treatment with tolerance-inducing cell products in patients with autoimmune diseases or receiving organ transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102873. [PMID: 34119672 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the past years, translational approaches have led to early-stage clinical trials assessing safety and efficacy of tolerance-inducing cell-based treatments in patients. This review aims to determine if tolerance-inducing cell-based therapies, including dendritic cells, regulatory T cells and mesenchymal stem cells, are safe in adult patients who underwent organ transplantation or in those with autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus type 1, Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Immunological and clinical outcomes were reviewed, to provide evidence for proof-of-concept and efficacy. To summarize the current knowledge, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. A total of 8906 records were reviewed by 2 independent assessors and 48 records were included in the final quantitative analysis. The overall frequency of serious adverse events was low: 0.018 (95% CI: 0.006-0.051). Immunological outcomes could not be assessed quantitatively because of heterogeneity in outcome assessments and description as well as lack of individual data. Most randomized controlled studies were at a medium risk of bias due to open-label treatment without masking of assessors and/or patients to the intervention. In conclusion, tolerance-inducing cell-based therapies are safe. We advocate for harmonization of study protocols of trials investigating cell-based therapies, adverse event reporting and systematic inclusion of immunological outcome measures in clinical trials evaluating tolerance-inducingcell-basedtreatment. Registration: PROSPERO, registration number CRD42020170557.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Willekens
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Neurology, Translational Neurosciences, Born Bunge Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Inez Wens
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Kristien Wouters
- Clinical Trial Center (CTC), CRC Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Cras
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Neurology, Translational Neurosciences, Born Bunge Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Zhang F, Li L. The Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Liver Diseases: Mechanism, Efficacy, and Safety Issues. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:655268. [PMID: 34136500 PMCID: PMC8200416 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.655268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a novel treatment for liver diseases due to the roles of MSCs in regeneration, fibrosis inhibition and immune regulation. However, the mechanisms are still not completely understood. Despite the significant efficacy of MSC therapy in animal models and preliminary clinical trials, issues remain. The efficacy and safety of MSC-based therapy in the treatment of liver diseases remains a challenging issue that requires more investigation. This article reviews recent studies on the mechanisms of MSCs in liver diseases and the associated challenges and suggests potential future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yalei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Liver transplantation is the gold standard for the treatment of end-stage liver disease. However, a shortage of donor organs, high cost, and surgical complications limit the use of this treatment. Cellular therapies using hepatocytes, hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow mononuclear cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being investigated as alternative treatments to liver transplantation. The purpose of this review is to describe studies using MSC transplantation for liver diseases based on the reported literature and to discuss prospective research designed to improve the efficacy of MSC therapy. RECENT FINDINGS MSCs have several properties that show potential to regenerate injured tissues or organs, such as homing, transdifferentiation, immunosuppression, and cellular protective capacity. Additionally, MSCs can be noninvasively isolated from various tissues and expanded ex vivo in sufficient numbers for clinical evaluation. SUMMARY Currently, there is no approved MSC therapy for the treatment of liver disease. However, MSC therapy is considered a promising alternative treatment for end-stage liver diseases and is reported to improve liver function safely with no side effects. Further robust preclinical and clinical studies will be needed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of MSC transplantation.
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yi H, Zheng J, Cai J, Chen W, Lu T, Chen L, Du C, Liu J, Yao J, Zhao H, Wang G, Fu B, Zhang T, Zhang J, Wang G, Li H, Xiang AP, Chen G, Yi S, Zhang Q, Yang Y. A novel MSC-based immune induction strategy for ABO-incompatible liver transplantation: a phase I/II randomized, open-label, controlled trial. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:244. [PMID: 33863383 PMCID: PMC8050996 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ABO-incompatible liver transplantation (ABO-i LT) has become a rescue therapeutic option for patients with severe hepatic failure. Although the use of rituximab greatly reduces the morbidity of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), severe adverse effects, such as infection and biliary complications, still seriously threaten the survival of transplant recipients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to replace rituximab in ABO-i LT. Methods Twenty-two patients with severe hepatic failure undergoing ABO-i LT were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: the MSC group and the rituximab group. The safety of the application of MSCs and the incidence of allograft rejection, including antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and acute cellular rejection (ACR), were evaluated in both groups at the 2-year follow-up period as primary endpoints. Recipients and graft survival and other postoperative complications were compared as secondary endpoints. Results No severe MSC-related adverse events were observed during the trial. MSC treatment yielded comparable, if not better, results than rituximab at decreasing the incidence of acute rejection (9.1% vs 27.3%). Inspiringly, compared to those in the rituximab group, the rates of biliary complications (0% vs 45.5%) and infection (9.1% vs 81.8%) were significantly decreased in the MSC group. In addition, there were no significant differences in 2-year graft and recipient survival between the two groups (81.8% vs 72.7%). Conclusions Our data show that MSC transfusion is comparable to rituximab treatment for AMR prophylaxis following ABO-i LT. Additionally, the results indicate that MSCs are more beneficial to the prevention of infection and biliary complications and may be introduced as a novel immunosuppressive approach for ABO-i LT. Trial registration Trial registration: chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000037732. Registered 31 August 2020- Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=57074.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcai Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiebin Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Huimin Yi
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jianye Cai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Tongyu Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Cong Du
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianrong Liu
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Binsheng Fu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Genshu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guihua Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Shuhong Yi
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China. .,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China. .,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Stark HL, Wang HC, Kuburic J, Alzhrani A, Hester J, Issa F. Immune Monitoring for Advanced Cell Therapy Trials in Transplantation: Which Assays and When? Front Immunol 2021; 12:664244. [PMID: 33841448 PMCID: PMC8027493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of immune regulatory cellular therapies, including regulatory T cells and mesenchymal stromal cells, have emerged as novel alternative therapies for the control of transplant alloresponses. Clinical studies have demonstrated their feasibility and safety, however developing our understanding of the impact of cellular therapeutics in vivo requires advanced immune monitoring strategies. To accurately monitor the immune response, a combination of complementary methods is required to measure the cellular and molecular phenotype as well as the function of cells involved. In this review we focus on the current immune monitoring strategies and discuss which methods may be utilized in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Stark
- Transplantation Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hayson C Wang
- Transplantation Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jasmina Kuburic
- Transplantation Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alaa Alzhrani
- Transplantation Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Hester
- Transplantation Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fadi Issa
- Transplantation Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Mebarki M, Abadie C, Larghero J, Cras A. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: a promising candidate for the development of advanced therapy medicinal products. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:152. [PMID: 33637125 PMCID: PMC7907784 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (UC-MSCs) emerge as a perspective for therapeutic use in immune and inflammatory diseases. Indeed, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, associated to fewer ethical, availability, and safety issues, position UC-MSCs as a promising active substance to develop medicinal products. Since 2007, UC-MSC-based products are classified as advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) according to the European Regulation 1394/2007/EC. This new regulatory status required a total adaptation of stakeholders wishing to develop UC-MSC-based ATMPs. Cell production in tissue and cell banks has been replaced by the manufacturing of a medicine, in authorized establishments, according to the good manufacturing practices (GMP) specific to ATMPs. After a brief description of UC-MSCs, we described in this review their recent use in a large panel of immune and inflammatory pathologies, including early and late phase clinical trials. Despite the use of the same product, we noticed an important heterogeneity in terms of indication, posology and study design. Then, we discussed regulatory and manufacturing challenges for stakeholders, especially in terms of process harmonization and cells characterization. Our aim was to point that despite MSCs use for several decades, the development of an UC-MSC-based ATMP remains at this day a real challenge for both academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Mebarki
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, DMU PRISM, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
- INSERM CIC de Biothérapies CBT501, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris, 4 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Camille Abadie
- INSERM CIC de Biothérapies CBT501, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, DMU PRISM, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
- INSERM CIC de Biothérapies CBT501, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Cras
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, DMU PRISM, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
- INSERM CIC de Biothérapies CBT501, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris, 4 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR1140, 4 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
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Yu Y, Valderrama AV, Han Z, Uzan G, Naserian S, Oberlin E. Human fetal liver MSCs are more effective than adult bone marrow MSCs for their immunosuppressive, immunomodulatory, and Foxp3 + T reg induction capacity. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:138. [PMID: 33597011 PMCID: PMC7888159 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit active abilities to suppress or modulate deleterious immune responses by various molecular mechanisms. These cells are the subject of major translational efforts as cellular therapies for immune-related diseases and transplantations. Plenty of preclinical studies and clinical trials employing MSCs have shown promising safety and efficacy outcomes and also shed light on the modifications in the frequency and function of regulatory T cells (T regs). Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying these observations are not well known. Direct cell contact, soluble factor production, and turning antigen-presenting cells into tolerogenic phenotypes, have been proposed to be among possible mechanisms by which MSCs produce an immunomodulatory environment for T reg expansion and activity. We and others demonstrated that adult bone marrow (BM)-MSCs suppress adaptive immune responses directly by inhibiting the proliferation of CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells but also indirectly through the induction of T regs. In parallel, we demonstrated that fetal liver (FL)-MSCs demonstrates much longer-lasting immunomodulatory properties compared to BM-MSCs, by inhibiting directly the proliferation and activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Therefore, we investigated if FL-MSCs exert their strong immunosuppressive effect also indirectly through induction of T regs. METHODS MSCs were obtained from FL and adult BM and characterized according to their surface antigen expression, their multilineage differentiation, and their proliferation potential. Using different in vitro combinations, we performed co-cultures of FL- or BM-MSCs and murine CD3+CD25-T cells to investigate immunosuppressive effects of MSCs on T cells and to quantify their capacity to induce functional T regs. RESULTS We demonstrated that although both types of MSC display similar cell surface phenotypic profile and differentiation capacity, FL-MSCs have significantly higher proliferative capacity and ability to suppress both CD4+ and CD8+ murine T cell proliferation and to modulate them towards less active phenotypes than adult BM-MSCs. Moreover, their substantial suppressive effect was associated with an outstanding increase of functional CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regs compared to BM-MSCs. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the immunosuppressive activity of FL-MSCs on T cells and show for the first time that one of the main immunoregulatory mechanisms of FL-MSCs passes through active and functional T reg induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- Beijing Institute of Stem Cells, Health & Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Zhongchao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Institute of Stem Cells, Health & Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Georges Uzan
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Sina Naserian
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- CellMedEx, Saint Maur des Fossés, France
| | - Estelle Oberlin
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
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Podestà MA, Remuzzi G, Casiraghi F. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in Solid Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:618243. [PMID: 33643298 PMCID: PMC7902912 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.618243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for the failure of several solid organs, including the kidneys, liver, heart, lung and small bowel. The use of tailored immunosuppressive agents has improved graft and patient survival remarkably in early post-transplant stages, but long-term outcomes are frequently unsatisfactory due to the development of chronic graft rejection, which ultimately leads to transplant failure. Moreover, prolonged immunosuppression entails severe side effects that severely impact patient survival and quality of life. The achievement of tolerance, i.e., stable graft function without the need for immunosuppression, is considered the Holy Grail of the field of solid organ transplantation. However, spontaneous tolerance in solid allograft recipients is a rare and unpredictable event. Several strategies that include peri-transplant administration of non-hematopoietic immunomodulatory cells can safely and effectively induce tolerance in pre-clinical models of solid organ transplantation. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), non-hematopoietic cells that can be obtained from several adult and fetal tissues, are among the most promising candidates. In this review, we will focus on current pre-clinical evidence of the immunomodulatory effect of MSC in solid organ transplantation, and discuss the available evidence of their safety and efficacy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Aldo & Cele Daccò Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Federica Casiraghi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Aldo & Cele Daccò Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases, Bergamo, Italy
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Hoogduijn MJ, Issa F, Casiraghi F, Reinders MEJ. Cellular therapies in organ transplantation. Transpl Int 2021; 34:233-244. [PMID: 33207013 PMCID: PMC7898347 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapy is a promising tool for improving the outcome of organ transplantation. Various cell types with different immunoregulatory and regenerative properties may find application for specific transplant rejection or injury-related indications. The current era is crucial for the development of cellular therapies. Preclinical models have demonstrated the feasibility of efficacious cell therapy in transplantation, early clinical trials have shown safety of several of these therapies, and the first steps towards efficacy studies in humans have been made. In this review, we address the current state of the art of cellular therapies in clinical transplantation and discuss monitoring tools and endpoints for these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Hoogduijn
- Nephrology and TransplantationDepartment of Internal MedicineErasmus University Medical CenterErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Fadi Issa
- Transplantation Research and Immunology GroupNuffield Department of Surgical SciencesJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Marlies E. J. Reinders
- Nephrology and TransplantationDepartment of Internal MedicineErasmus University Medical CenterErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
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Chen J, Wang Y, Hu H, Xiong Y, Wang S, Yang J. Adipose-derived cellular therapies prolong graft survival in an allogenic hind limb transplantation model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:94. [PMID: 33514430 PMCID: PMC7847016 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long-term survival after vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is often limited by systemic rejection as well as the adverse effects of immunosuppressants. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) can be expanded to produce adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) which represents a combination of endothelial cells, preadipocytes, immune cells, and ADSC. It has been demonstrated that ADSC possess consistently reliable clinical results. However, literature is scarce regarding SVF in VCA. This study seeks to determine the impact of ex vivo allograft pretreatment in combination with SVF cells in the ability to promote composite tissue allotransplantation immunotolerance. Methods A rat hind limb allotransplant model was used to investigate the influence of ex vivo pretreatment of SVF and ADSC on VCA survival. Intravascular cell-free saline, ADSC, or SVF was infused into the models with immunosuppressants. The histopathological examination and duration that the allografts went without displaying symptoms of rejection was documented. Peripheral T lymphocytes and Tregs were quantified with flow cytometry while allotissue expressions of CD31 were quantified with immunohistochemical staining (IHC). ELISA was used to detect vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A as well as anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results We demonstrated that ex vivo treatment of allografts with SVF or ADSC prolonged allograft survival in contrast to medium control cohorts. There were also enhanced levels of immunomodulatory cytokines and increased VEGF-A and CD31 expression as well as reduced infiltration and proliferation of T lymphocytes along with raised Treg expressions. Conclusion These studies demonstrated that adipose-derived cellular therapies prolong graft survival in an allogenic hind limb transplantation model and have the potential to establish immunotolerance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02162-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinmin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyue Hu
- Basic Medical School , Jining Medical University , Jining, 272000, China
| | - Yao Xiong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shoubao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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de la Torre P, Flores AI. Current Status and Future Prospects of Perinatal Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010006. [PMID: 33374593 PMCID: PMC7822425 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a temporary organ that is discarded after birth and is one of the most promising sources of various cells and tissues for use in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, both in experimental and clinical settings. The placenta has unique, intrinsic features because it plays many roles during gestation: it is formed by cells from two individuals (mother and fetus), contributes to the development and growth of an allogeneic fetus, and has two independent and interacting circulatory systems. Different stem and progenitor cell types can be isolated from the different perinatal tissues making them particularly interesting candidates for use in cell therapy and regenerative medicine. The primary source of perinatal stem cells is cord blood. Cord blood has been a well-known source of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells since 1974. Biobanked cord blood has been used to treat different hematological and immunological disorders for over 30 years. Other perinatal tissues that are routinely discarded as medical waste contain non-hematopoietic cells with potential therapeutic value. Indeed, in advanced perinatal cell therapy trials, mesenchymal stromal cells are the most commonly used. Here, we review one by one the different perinatal tissues and the different perinatal stem cells isolated with their phenotypical characteristics and the preclinical uses of these cells in numerous pathologies. An overview of clinical applications of perinatal derived cells is also described with special emphasis on the clinical trials being carried out to treat COVID19 pneumonia. Furthermore, we describe the use of new technologies in the field of perinatal stem cells and the future directions and challenges of this fascinating and rapidly progressing field of perinatal cells and regenerative medicine.
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