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Liu ZX, Liu GQ, Lin ZX, Chen YQ, Chen P, Hu YJ, Yu B, Jiang N. Effects of Staphylococcus aureus on stem cells and potential targeted treatment of inflammatory disorders. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:187. [PMID: 38937829 PMCID: PMC11210046 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the advanced studies on stem cells in developmental biology, the roles of stem cells in the body and their phenotypes in related diseases have not been covered clearly. Meanwhile, with the intensive research on the mechanisms of stem cells in regulating various diseases, stem cell therapy is increasingly being attention because of its effectiveness and safety. As one of the most widely used stem cell in stem cell therapies, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation shows huge advantage in treatment of leukemia and other blood-malignant diseases. Besides, due to the effect of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory, mesenchymal stem cells could be a potential therapeutic strategy for variety infectious diseases. In this review, we summarized the effects of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and its components on different types of adult stem cells and their downstream signaling pathways. Also, we reviewed the roles of different kinds of stem cells in various disease models caused by S. aureus, providing new insights for applying stem cell therapy to treat infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xian Liu
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guan-Qiao Liu
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ze-Xin Lin
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying-Qi Chen
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan-Jun Hu
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Bagheri-Josheghani S, Saffari M, Radaei T, Mirzaei H, Rashki S, Fatemi-Nasab ZS, Derakhshan-Nezhad E, Bakhshi B. The effect of mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium incorporated within chitosan nanostructure in clearance of common gastroenteritis bacteria in-vitro and in-vivo. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14274. [PMID: 38902286 PMCID: PMC11190150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastroenteritis infection is a major public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries due to the high annual mortality rate. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned medium (hMSCsCM) encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs) was studied in vitro and in vivo against common gastroenteritis bacteria. The synthesized ChNPs were characterized using Zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. HMSC-derived conditioned medium incorporated into chitosan NPs (hMSCsCM-ChNPs) composite was fabricated by chitosan nanoparticles loaded with BM-MSCs (positive for CD73 and CD44 markers). The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of composite was investigated against four common gastroenteritis bacteria (Campylobacter jejuni ATCC29428, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC13076, Shigella dysenteriae PTCC1188, and E. coli ATCC25922) in-vitro and in-vivo. Majority of ChNPs (96%) had an average particle size of 329 nm with zeta potential 7.08 mV. The SEM images confirmed the synthesis of spherical shape for ChNPs and a near-spherical shape for hMSCsCM-ChNPs. Entrapment efficiency of hMSCsCM-ChNPs was 75%. Kinetic profiling revealed that the release rate of mesenchymal stem cells was reduced following the pH reduction. The antibacterial activity of hMSCsCM-ChNPs was significantly greater than that of hMSCsCM and ChNPs at dilutions of 1:2 to 1:8 (P < 0.05) against four common gastroenteritis bacteria. The number of bacteria present decreased more significantly in the group of mice treated with the hMSCsCM-ChNPs composite than in the groups treated with hMSCsCM and ChNPs. The antibacterial activity of hMSCsCM against common gastroenteritis bacteria in an in vivo assay decreased from > 106 CFU/ml to approximately (102 to 10) after 72 h. Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of ChNPs at a concentration of 0.1% and hMSCsCM at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml to be inferior to that of hMSCsCM-ChNPs (1000 μg/ml + 0.1%) composite. These results indicated the existence of a synergistic effect between ChNPs and hMSCsCM. The designed composite exhibited notable antibiofilm and antibacterial activities, demonstrating optimal release in simulated intestinal lumen conditions. The utilization of this composite is proposed as a novel treatment approach to combat gastroenteritis bacteria in the context of more challenging infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmood Saffari
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Tooba Radaei
- Department of Medical Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Somaye Rashki
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Fatemi-Nasab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Bita Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR, Iran.
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Macalester W, Boussahel A, Moreno-Tortolero RO, Shannon MR, West N, Hill D, Perriman A. A 3D In-vitro model of the human dentine interface shows long-range osteoinduction from the dentine surface. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:37. [PMID: 38734663 PMCID: PMC11088668 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging regenerative cell therapies for alveolar bone loss have begun to explore the use of cell laden hydrogels for minimally invasive surgery to treat small and spatially complex maxilla-oral defects. However, the oral cavity presents a unique and challenging environment for in vivo bone tissue engineering, exhibiting both hard and soft periodontal tissue as well as acting as key biocenosis for many distinct microbial communities that interact with both the external environment and internal body systems, which will impact on cell fate and subsequent treatment efficacy. Herein, we design and bioprint a facile 3D in vitro model of a human dentine interface to probe the effect of the dentine surface on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) encapsulated in a microporous hydrogel bioink. We demonstrate that the dentine substrate induces osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated hMSCs, and that both dentine and β-tricalcium phosphate substrates stimulate extracellular matrix production and maturation at the gel-media interface, which is distal to the gel-substrate interface. Our findings demonstrate the potential for long-range effects on stem cells by mineralized surfaces during bone tissue engineering and provide a framework for the rapid development of 3D dentine-bone interface models.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Macalester
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Asme Boussahel
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Rafael O Moreno-Tortolero
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Centre for Protolife Research, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Shannon
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola West
- Periodontology, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Darryl Hill
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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Mitra S, Tati V, Das P, Joseph J, Bagga B, Shukla S. Mesenchymal stem cell-based adjunctive therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced keratitis: A proof-of-concept in-vitro study. Exp Eye Res 2024; 242:109863. [PMID: 38494102 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced keratitis is one of the most severe and challenging forms of corneal infection, owing to its associated intense inflammatory reactions leading to corneal necrosis and dense corneal scar with loss of vision. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are reported to possess antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, they can be tested as an adjuvant treatment along with the antibiotics which are the current standard of care. This study aims to investigate the anti-bacterial and immunomodulatory roles of human bone marrow MSC-derived conditioned medium (MSC-CM) in P. aeruginosa-infected human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) in vitro. METHODS The effect of MSC-CM on the growth of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa was evaluated by colony-forming unit assay. The expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and an antimicrobial peptide (Lipocalin 2) in lipopolysaccharide-treated MSCs and HCECs was analyzed through ELISA. Corneal epithelial repair following infection with P. aeruginosa was studied through scratch assay. RESULTS Compared to control (P. aeruginosa (5*105) incubated in DMEM (1 ml) at 37 °C for 16 h), MSC-CM significantly: i) inhibits the growth of P. aeruginosa (159*109 vs. 104*109 CFU/ml), ii) accelerates corneal epithelial repair following infection with P. aeruginosa (9% vs. 24% closure of the wounded area after 12 h of infection), and iii) downregulates the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of IL-6, TNF-α and Lipocalin 2 in HCECs. A combination of MSC-CM with an antibiotic, Ciprofloxacin moderately regulated the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and Lipocalin 2. CONCLUSION MSC-CM holds promise as an adjunctive therapeutic approach for P. aeruginosa-induced corneal epithelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreya Mitra
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India; Sudhakar and Sreekanth Ravi Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Centre for Ocular Regeneration, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India
| | - Vasudeva Tati
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India; Sudhakar and Sreekanth Ravi Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Centre for Ocular Regeneration, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India
| | - Prabhudatta Das
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India; Sudhakar and Sreekanth Ravi Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Centre for Ocular Regeneration, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India
| | - Joveeta Joseph
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India; Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India.
| | - Bhupesh Bagga
- The Ramoji Foundation Centre for Ocular Infections, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India; Shantilal Shanghvi Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India.
| | - Sachin Shukla
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India; Sudhakar and Sreekanth Ravi Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Centre for Ocular Regeneration, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India.
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Maldonado VV, Pokharel S, Powell JG, Samsonraj RM. Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Bovine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1292. [PMID: 38731296 PMCID: PMC11083126 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are increasingly trialed in cellular therapy applications in humans. They can also be applied to treat a range of diseases in animals, particularly in cattle to combat inflammatory conditions and aging-associated degenerative disorders. We sought to demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining MSCs from adipose tissue and characterizing them using established assays. METHODS Bovine adipose MSCs (BvAdMSCs) were isolated using in-house optimized tissue digestion protocols and characterized by performing a colony formation assay, cell growth assessments, cell surface marker analysis by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, and secretion of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenease (IDO). RESULTS Our results demonstrate the feasibility of successful MSC isolation and culture expansion from bovine adipose tissues with characteristic features of colony formation, in vitro multilineage differentiation into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, and cell surface marker expression of CD105, CD73, CD90, CD44, and CD166 with negative expression of CD45. BvAdMSCs secreted significant amounts of IDO with or without interferon-gamma stimulation, indicating ability for immunomodulation. CONCLUSIONS We report a viable approach to obtaining autologous adipose-derived MSCs that can be applied as potential adjuvant cell therapy for tissue repair and regeneration in cattle. Our methodology can be utilized by veterinary cell therapy labs for preparing MSCs for disease management in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitali V. Maldonado
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (V.V.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Sriya Pokharel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (V.V.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Jeremy G. Powell
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Rebekah M. Samsonraj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (V.V.M.); (S.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Jiang A, Zhang Z, Qiu X, Guo Q. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ): a review of pathogenesis hypothesis and therapy strategies. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:689-708. [PMID: 38155341 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), a severe side effect caused by antiresorptive antiangiogenic medication, particularly bisphosphonates (BPs), has become a challenging disease with serious and profound effects on the physical and mental health of patients. Although it occurs with high frequency and is harmful, the exact mechanism of MRONJ remains unknown, and systematic and targeted approaches are still lacking. Maxillofacial surgeons focus on the etiology of osteonecrosis in the mandible and maxilla as well as the appropriate oral interventions for high-risk patients. Adequate nursing care and pharmacotherapy management are also crucial. This review provides a current overview of the clinicopathologic feature and research of MRONJ caused by BPs, with an emphasis on the potential mechanisms and current therapy and prevention strategies of the disease. We are of the opinion that an in-depth comprehension of the mechanisms underlying MRONJ will facilitate the development of more precise and efficacious therapeutic approaches, resulting in enhanced clinical outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, China
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xutong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, China.
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Yudintceva N, Bobkov D, Sulatsky M, Mikhailova N, Oganesyan E, Vinogradova T, Muraviov A, Remezova A, Bogdanova E, Garapach I, Maslak O, Esmedlyaeva D, Dyakova M, Yablonskiy P, Ziganshin R, Kovalchuk S, Blum N, Sonawane SH, Sonawane A, Behl A, Shailja Singh, Shevtsov M. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles for therapeutics of renal tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4495. [PMID: 38402260 PMCID: PMC10894196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis with a renal involvement can be a manifestation of a disseminated infection that requires therapeutic intervention, particularly with a decrease in efficacy of conventional regimens. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potency of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) in the complex anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT). A rabbit model of renal tuberculosis (rTB) was constructed by injecting of the standard strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv into the cortical layer of the kidney parenchyma. Isolated rabbit MSC-EVs were intravenously administered once as an addition to standard ATT (isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol). The therapeutic efficacy was assessed by analyzing changes of blood biochemical biomarkers and levels of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as by renal computed tomography with subsequent histological and morphometric examination. The therapeutic effect of therapy with MSC-EVs was shown by ELISA method that confirmed a statistically significant increase of the anti-inflammatory and decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines as compared to conventional treatment. In addition, there is a positive trend in increase of ALP level, animal weigh, and normalization of ADA activity that can indicate an improvement of kidney state. A significant reduction of the area of specific and interstitial inflammation indicated positive affect of MSC-EVs that suggests a shorter duration of ATT. The number of MSC-EVs proteins (as identified by mass-spectometry analysis) with anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory functions reduced the level of the inflammatory response and the severity of kidney damage (further proved by morphometric analysis). In conclusion, MSC-EVs can be a promising tool for the complex treatment of various infectious diseases, in particularly rTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Yudintceva
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Tikhoretsky Ave., 4, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194064.
| | - Danila Bobkov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Tikhoretsky Ave., 4, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194064
| | - Maksim Sulatsky
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Tikhoretsky Ave., 4, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194064
| | - Natalia Mikhailova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Tikhoretsky Ave., 4, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194064
| | - Elena Oganesyan
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova Str. 2, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 197341
| | - Tatiana Vinogradova
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Ligovsky Ave., 2-4, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 191036
| | - Alexandr Muraviov
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Ligovsky Ave., 2-4, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 191036
- Private University St. Petersburg Medico-Social Institute, Kondratievskiy Ave., 72A, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 195271
| | - Anna Remezova
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Ligovsky Ave., 2-4, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 191036
| | - Evdokia Bogdanova
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Ligovsky Ave., 2-4, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 191036
| | - Irina Garapach
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Ligovsky Ave., 2-4, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 191036
| | - Olga Maslak
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Ligovsky Ave., 2-4, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 191036
| | - Dilyara Esmedlyaeva
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Ligovsky Ave., 2-4, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 191036
| | - Marina Dyakova
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Ligovsky Ave., 2-4, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 191036
| | - Petr Yablonskiy
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Ligovsky Ave., 2-4, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 191036
| | - Rustam Ziganshin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Sergey Kovalchuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Natalya Blum
- Kirov Military Medical Academy, Akademika Lebedeva Str., 6, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194044
| | | | | | - Ankita Behl
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Tikhoretsky Ave., 4, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194064.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Campus 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok, Russia, 690922.
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Nishimaki K, Kaibuchi N, Washio K, Yamato M. Application of mesenchymal stromal cell sheets to prevent medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw with titanium implants in rats. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00900-w. [PMID: 38367068 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00900-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an intractable adverse event. Dental implants are one of the triggering factors of MRONJ, and implant therapy with low MRONJ risk is required. This study aimed to investigate a rat model of MRONJ induced by extraoral placement of titanium materials and the use of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSCs) sheets to prevent MRONJ. Eight-week-old male rats were administered zoledronate and dexamethasone thrice weekly until killing. A week after drug initiation, a titanium screw and a plate were placed on the left buccal side of the mandible. Allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSC sheets were co-grafted with the titanium plates in the MSC sheet ( +) group. Six weeks after titanium placement, the rats were killed, and their excised mandibular bones were subjected to micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis. Histological analysis was performed after the titanium implants were removed. Empty lacunae visualized on hematoxylin and eosin staining were used as evidence of bone necrosis. Bone necrosis was reduced in the MSC sheet ( +) group. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining revealed a decreased number of TRAP-positive cells in areas with a large number of empty lacunae in the MSC sheet (-) group. Micro-CT analyses demonstrated that the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) was not significantly different between the MSC sheet (-) and ( +) groups. We conclude that MRONJ can be triggered by a titanium placement in rats, and grafting of allogeneic MSC sheets has the potential to prevent MRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nishimaki
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kaibuchi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Washio
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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9
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Liu Y, Long S, Wang H, Wang Y. Biofilm therapy for chronic wounds. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14667. [PMID: 38339793 PMCID: PMC10858329 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds have been a major factor of serious harm to global public health. At present, it is known that almost all chronic wounds contain biofilms, which seriously hinder the healing process. Removal of biofilms can effectively promote the healing of chronic wounds. As the study of wound biofilms deepens, many new treatment methods have emerged, thus bringing revolutionary means for the treatment of chronic wound biofilm. This review summarizes various methods for the treatment of chronic wound biofilm worldwide to provide a theoretical summary and practical basis for the selection of suitable wound biofilm treatment methods in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of ChengduAffiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shengyong Long
- Department of TraumatologyTongren People's HospitalTongrenChina
| | - Hanfeng Wang
- Plastic Surgery DepartmentXi'an International Medical Center HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Yan Wang
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of ChengduAffiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduChina
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of ChengduAffiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduChina
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10
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Khaledi M, Zandi B, Mohsenipour Z. The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Wound Infection. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:1084-1092. [PMID: 37815189 DOI: 10.2174/011574888x252482230926104342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Wound infection often requires a long period of care and an onerous treatment process. Also, the rich environment makes the wound an ideal niche for microbial growth. Stable structures, like biofilm, and drug-resistant strains cause a delay in the healing process, which has become one of the important challenges in wound treatment. Many studies have focused on alternative methods to deal the wound infections. One of the novel and highly potential ways is mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs are mesoderm-derived pluripotent adult stem cells with the capacity for self-renewal, multidirectional differentiation, and immunological control. Also, MSCs have anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. MScs, as pluripotent stromal cells, differentiate into many mature cells. Also, MSCs produce antimicrobial compounds, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMP), as well as secrete immune modulators, which are two basic features considered in wound healing. Despite the advantages, preserving the structure and activity of MSCs is considered one of the most important points in the treatment. MSCs' antimicrobial effects on microorganisms involved in wound infection have been confirmed in various studies. In this review, we aimed to discuss the antimicrobial and therapeutic applications of MSCs in the infected wound healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Khaledi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Bita Zandi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of advanced science and technology, Tehran medical science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mohsenipour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Cassano JM, Leonard BC, Martins BC, Vapniarsky N, Morgan JT, Dow SW, Wotman KL, Pezzanite LM. Preliminary evaluation of safety and migration of immune activated mesenchymal stromal cells administered by subconjunctival injection for equine recurrent uveitis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1293199. [PMID: 38162475 PMCID: PMC10757620 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1293199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU), an immune mediated disease characterized by repeated episodes of intra-ocular inflammation, affects 25% of horses in the USA and is the most common cause of glaucoma, cataracts, and blindness. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory properties, which are upregulated by preconditioning with toll-like receptor agonists. The objective was to evaluate safety and migration of TLR-3 agonist polyinosinic, polycytidylic acid (pIC)-activated MSCs injected subconjunctivally in healthy horses prior to clinical application in horses with ERU. We hypothesized that activated allogeneic MSCs injected subconjunctivally would not induce ocular or systemic inflammation and would remain in the conjunctiva for >14 days. Methods Bulbar subconjunctiva of two horses was injected with 10 × 106 pIC-activated (10 μg/mL, 2 h) GFP-labeled MSCs from one donor three times at two-week intervals. Vehicle (saline) control was injected in the contralateral conjunctiva. Horses received physical and ophthalmic exams [slit lamp biomicroscopy, rebound tonometry, fundic examination, and semiquantitative preclinical ocular toxicology scoring (SPOTS)] every 1-3 days. Systemic inflammation was assessed via CBC, fibrinogen, and serum amyloid A (SAA). Horses were euthanized 14 days following final injection. Full necropsy and histopathology were performed to examine ocular tissues and 36 systemic organs for MSC presence via IVIS Spectrum. Anti-GFP immunohistochemistry was performed on ocular tissues. Results No change in physical examinations was noted. Bloodwork revealed fibrinogen 100-300 mg/dL (ref 100-400) and SAA 0-25 μg/mL (ref 0-20). Ocular effects of the subjconjucntival injection were similar between MSC and control eyes on SPOTS grading system, with conjunctival hypermia, chemosis and ocular discharge noted bilaterally, which improved without intervention within 14 days. All other ocular parameters were unaffected throughout the study. Necropsy and histopathology revealed no evidence of systemic inflammation. Ocular histopathology was similar between MSC and control eyes. Fluorescent imaging analysis did not locate MSCs. Immunohistochemistry did not identify intact MSCs in the conjunctiva, but GFP-labeled cellular components were present in conjunctival phagocytic cells. Discussion Allogeneic pIC-activated conjunctival MSC injections were well tolerated. GFP-labeled tracking identified MSC components phagocytosed by immune cells subconjunctivally. This preliminary safety and tracking information is critical towards advancing immune conditioned cellular therapies to clinical trials in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Cassano
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Brian C. Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bianca C. Martins
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Natalia Vapniarsky
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Joshua T. Morgan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Steven W. Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kathryn L. Wotman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lynn M. Pezzanite
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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12
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Bicer M. Exploring therapeutic avenues: mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and exosomes in confronting enigmatic biofilm-producing fungi. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:11. [PMID: 38063945 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections concomitant with biofilms can demonstrate an elevated capacity to withstand substantially higher concentrations of antifungal agents, contrasted with infectious diseases caused by planktonic cells. This inherent resilience intrinsic to biofilm-associated infections engenders a formidable impediment to effective therapeutic interventions. The different mechanisms that are associated with the intrinsic resistance of Candida species encompass drug sequestration by the matrix, drug efflux pumps, stress response cell density, and the presence of persister cells. These persisters, a subset of fungi capable of surviving hostile conditions, pose a remarkable challenge in clinical settings in virtue of their resistance to conventional antifungal therapies. Hence, an exigent imperative has arisen for the development of novel antifungal therapeutics with specific targeting capabilities focused on these pathogenic persisters. On a global scale, fungal persistence and their resistance within biofilms generate an urgent clinical need for investigating recently introduced therapeutic strategies. This review delves into the unique characteristics of Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and their secreted exosomes, which notably exhibit immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. By comprehensively assessing the current literature and ongoing research in this field, this review sheds light on the plausible mechanisms by which MSCs and their exosomes can be harnessed to selectively target fungal persisters. Additionally, prospective approaches in the use of cell-based therapeutic modalities are examined, emphasizing the importance of further research to overcome the enigmatic fungal persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesude Bicer
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, 38080, Turkey.
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13
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Mirshekar M, Afkhami H, Razavi S, Masjedian Jazi F, Darban-Sarokhalil D, Ohadi E, Nezhad MM, Karimi R. Potential antibacterial activity and healing effect of topical administration of bone marrow and adipose mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in collagen-fibrin hydrogel scaffold on full-thickness burn wound infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Burns 2023; 49:1944-1957. [PMID: 38042618 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Burns injuries are prone to hospital-acquired infections, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in patients with burn injuries. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effects of topical treatment with bone marrow (BM-MSC) and adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) encapsulated in collagen and fibrin scaffolds in a Balb/c model of burn wound infection. Extraction of stem cells from adipose and bone marrow tissue of rats was performed and cells were characterized using standard methods. Then, collagen, fibrin and collagen-fibrin scaffolds were constructed and the extracted cells were encapsulated in all three scaffolds. Then, 3rd degree burn was induced in mice and 1.5 × 108 (CFU/ml) of P. aeruginosa was introduced to the burn wound. Subsequently, after 24 h of inducing wound infection, encapsulated MSCs were introduced as dressings to burn wound infection and microbial load as well as rate of wound infection healing was measured. The results of this study showed that the use of BM-MSC and AD-MSC encapsulated in collagen-fibrin scaffold reduced the bacteria load down to 54 and 21 CFU/gr, respectively (P < 0.05). Moreover, BM-MSC and AD-MSC encapsulated in collagen-fibrin showed 80% and 75% wound healing, respectively (P < 0.05). Also, we found no significant between cell origin and healing. Encapsulation of MSCs into collagen-fibrin scaffolds could be effective not only against P. aeruginosa infection, but also healing and regeneration of burn wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mirshekar
- Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Iran University Of Medical Science, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Razavi
- Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Iran University Of Medical Science, Iran; Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | - Elnaz Ohadi
- Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Iran University Of Medical Science, Iran
| | - Majid Mottaghi Nezhad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Karimi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Pezzanite LM, Chow L, Dow SW, Goodrich LR, Gilbertie JM, Schnabel LV. Antimicrobial Properties of Equine Stromal Cells and Platelets and Future Directions. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2023; 39:565-578. [PMID: 37442729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial resistance in veterinary practice has driven the investigation of novel therapeutic strategies including regenerative and biologic therapies to treat bacterial infection. Integration of biological approaches such as platelet lysate and mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy may represent adjunctive treatment strategies for bacterial infections that minimize systemic side effects and local tissue toxicity associated with traditional antibiotics and that are not subject to antibiotic resistance. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms by which biological therapies exert antimicrobial effects, as well as potential applications and challenges in clinical implementation in equine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Pezzanite
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Steven W Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Laurie R Goodrich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jessica M Gilbertie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Lauren V Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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15
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Moosazadeh Moghaddam M, Fazel P, Fallah A, Sedighian H, Kachuei R, Behzadi E, Imani Fooladi AA. Host and Pathogen-Directed Therapies against Microbial Infections Using Exosome- and Antimicrobial Peptide-derived Stem Cells with a Special look at Pulmonary Infections and Sepsis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2166-2191. [PMID: 37495772 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Microbial diseases are a great threat to global health and cause considerable mortality and extensive economic losses each year. The medications for treating this group of diseases (antibiotics, antiviral, antifungal drugs, etc.) directly attack the pathogenic agents by recognizing the target molecules. However, it is necessary to note that excessive use of any of these drugs can lead to an increase in microbial resistance and infectious diseases. New therapeutic methods have been studied recently using emerging drugs such as mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which act based on two completely different strategies against pathogens including Host-Directed Therapy (HDT) and Pathogen-Directed Therapy (PDT), respectively. In the PDT approach, AMPs interact directly with pathogens to interrupt their intrusion, survival, and proliferation. These drugs interact directly with the cell membrane or intracellular components of pathogens and cause the death of pathogens or inhibit their replication. The mechanism of action of MSC-Exos in HDT is based on immunomodulation and regulation, promotion of tissue regeneration, and reduced host toxicity. This review studies the potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes/ATPs therapeutic properties against microbial infectious diseases especially pulmonary infections and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvindokht Fazel
- Department of Microbiology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Fallah
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Sedighian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Kachuei
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behzadi
- Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R. of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Zhu M, Cao L, Melino S, Candi E, Wang Y, Shao C, Melino G, Shi Y, Chen X. Orchestration of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Inflammation During Wound Healing. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:576-587. [PMID: 37487541 PMCID: PMC10502569 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process and encompasses a number of overlapping phases, during which coordinated inflammatory responses following tissue injury play dominant roles in triggering evolutionarily highly conserved principals governing tissue repair and regeneration. Among all nonimmune cells involved in the process, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are most intensely investigated and have been shown to play fundamental roles in orchestrating wound healing and regeneration through interaction with the ordered inflammatory processes. Despite recent progress and encouraging results, an informed view of the scope of this evolutionarily conserved biological process requires a clear understanding of the dynamic interplay between MSCs and the immune systems in the process of wound healing. In this review, we outline current insights into the ways in which MSCs sense and modulate inflammation undergoing the process of wound healing, highlighting the central role of neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells during the interaction. We also draw attention to the specific effects of MSC-based therapy on different pathological wound healing. Finally, we discuss how ongoing scientific advances in MSCs could be efficiently translated into clinical strategies, focusing on the current limitations and gaps that remain to be overcome for achieving preferred functional tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”Rome, Italy
| | - Lijuan Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”Rome, Italy
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”Rome, Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Wuxi Sinotide New Drug Discovery Institutes, Huishan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Khaledi M, Ahmadi MH, Owlia P, Saderi H. Antimicrobial Effects of Mouse Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Encapsulated in Collagen-Fibrin Hydrogel Scaffolds on Bacteroides fragilis Wound Infection in vivo. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2023; 27:257-68. [PMID: 37873638 PMCID: PMC10707812 DOI: 10.61186/ibj.27.5.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Anaerobes are the causative agents of many wound infections. B. fragilis is the most prevalent endogenous anaerobic bacterium causes a wide range of diseases, including wound infections. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial effect of mouse adipocyte derived-mesenchymal stem cell (AD-MSCs) encapsulated in collagen-fibrin (CF) hydrogel scaffolds on B. fragilis wound infection in an animal model. Methods Stem cells were extracted from mouse adipose tissue and confirmed by surface markers using flow cytometry analysis. The possibility of differentiation of stem cells into osteoblast and adipocyte cells was also assessed. The extracted stem cells were encapsulated in the CF scaffold. B. fragilis wound infection was induced in rats, and then following 24 h, collagen and fibrin-encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were applied to dress the wound. One week later, a standard colony count test monitored the bacterial load in the infected rats. Results MSCs were characterized as positive for CD44, CD90, and CD105 markers and negative for CD34, which were able to differentiate into osteoblast and adipocyte cells. AD-MSCs encapsulated with collagen and fibrin scaffolds showed ameliorating effects on B. fragilis wound infection. Additionally, AD-MSCs with a collagen scaffold (54 CFU/g) indicated a greater effect on wound infection than AD-MSCs with a fibrin scaffold (97 CFU/g). The combined CF scaffold demonstrated the highest reduction in colony count (the bacteria load down to 29 CFU/g) in the wound infection. Conclusion Our findings reveal that the use of collagen and fibrin scaffold in combination with mouse AD-MSCs is a promising alternative treatment for B. fragilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Khaledi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parviz Owlia
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Horieh Saderi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Bicer M, Fidan O. Can mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and their secretomes combat bacterial persisters? World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:276. [PMID: 37567959 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of life-threatening infections caused by persister bacteria is associated with various issues, including antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. Infections due to persister cells are often difficult to suppress without the use of last-resort antibiotics. Throughout the world, bacterial persistence and resistance create an unmet clinical demand for the exploration of newly introduced therapeutic approaches. Mesenchymal stem / stromal cells (MSCs) have an antimicrobial activity to protect against bacterial infections, including those caused by bacterial persisters. MSCs have substantial potential to secrete antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including cathelicidin, beta-defensins, lipocalin-2, hepcidin, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), cysteine proteases, and inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS). MSCs possess the potential to contribute to innate immunity by regulating the immune response. Recently, MSCs and their secreted components have been reported to improve antimicrobial activity. Bactericidal activity by MSCs and their secretomes has been shown to be mediated in part by the secretion of AMPs. Even though they were discovered more than 80 years ago, therapeutic options for persisters are restricted, and there is an urgent need for alternative treatment regimens. Hence, this review intends to critically assess the current literature on the effects of MSCs and their secretomes on persister bacteria. MSCs and their secretome-based therapies could be preferred as an up-and-coming approach to reinforce the antimicrobial efficiency in persister infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesude Bicer
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, 38080, Turkey.
| | - Ozkan Fidan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, 38080, Turkey
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19
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Mehta KJ. Iron-Related Genes and Proteins in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Detection and Therapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1773-1784. [PMID: 37269528 PMCID: PMC10238768 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are located in various tissues of the body. These cells exhibit regenerative and reparative properties, which makes them highly valuable for cell-based therapy. Despite this, majority of MSC-related studies remain to be translated for regular clinical use. This is partly because there are methodical challenges in pre-administration MSC labelling, post-administration detection and tracking of cells, and in retention of maximal therapeutic potential in-vivo. This calls for exploration of alternative or adjunctive approaches that would enable better detection of transplanted MSCs via non-invasive methods and enhance MSC therapeutic potential in-vivo. Interestingly, these attributes have been demonstrated by some iron-related genes and proteins.Accordingly, this unique forward-looking article integrates the apparently distinct fields of iron metabolism and MSC biology, and reviews the utility of iron-related genes and iron-related proteins in facilitating MSC detection and therapy, respectively. Effects of genetic overexpression of the iron-related proteins ferritin, transferrin receptor-1 and MagA in MSCs and their utilisation as reporter genes for improving MSC detection in-vivo are critically evaluated. In addition, the beneficial effects of the iron chelator deferoxamine and the iron-related proteins haem oxygenase-1, lipocalin-2, lactoferrin, bone morphogenetic protein-2 and hepcidin in enhancing MSC therapeutics are highlighted with the consequent intracellular alterations in MSCs. This review aims to inform both regenerative and translational medicine. It can aid in formulating better methodical approaches that will improve, complement, or provide alternatives to the current pre-transplantation MSC labelling procedures, and enhance MSC detection or augment the post-transplantation MSC therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosha J Mehta
- Centre for Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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20
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Jin Y, Li S, Yu Q, Chen T, Liu D. Application of stem cells in regeneration medicine. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e291. [PMID: 37337579 PMCID: PMC10276889 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration is a complex process affected by many elements independent or combined, including inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Stem cells is a class of primitive cells with the potentiality of differentiation, regenerate with self-replication, multidirectional differentiation, and immunomodulatory functions. Stem cells and their cytokines not only inextricably linked to the regeneration of ectodermal and skin tissues, but also can be used for the treatment of a variety of chronic wounds. Stem cells can produce exosomes in a paracrine manner. Stem cell exosomes play an important role in tissue regeneration, repair, and accelerated wound healing, the biological properties of which are similar with stem cells, while stem cell exosomes are safer and more effective. Skin and bone tissues are critical organs in the body, which are essential for sustaining life activities. The weak repairing ability leads a pronounced impact on the quality of life of patients, which could be alleviated by stem cell exosomes treatment. However, there are obstacles that stem cells and stem cells exosomes trough skin for improved bioavailability. This paper summarizes the applications and mechanisms of stem cells and stem cells exosomes for skin and bone healing. We also propose new ways of utilizing stem cells and their exosomes through different nanoformulations, liposomes and nanoliposomes, polymer micelles, microspheres, hydrogels, and scaffold microneedles, to improve their use in tissue healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin
- School of PharmacyChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunJilinChina
| | - Shuangyang Li
- School of PharmacyChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunJilinChina
| | - Qixuan Yu
- School of PharmacyChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunJilinChina
| | - Tianli Chen
- School of PharmacyChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunJilinChina
| | - Da Liu
- School of PharmacyChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunJilinChina
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21
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Cecotto L, Stapels DAC, van Kessel KPM, Croes M, Lourens Z, Vogely HC, van der Wal BCH, van Strijp JAG, Weinans H, Amin Yavari S. Evaluation of silver bio-functionality in a multicellular in vitro model: towards reduced animal usage in implant-associated infection research. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1186936. [PMID: 37342248 PMCID: PMC10277478 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1186936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the extensive use of silver ions or nanoparticles in research related to preventing implant-associated infections (IAI), their use in clinical practice has been debated. This is because the strong antibacterial properties of silver are counterbalanced by adverse effects on host cells. One of the reasons for this may be the lack of comprehensive in vitro models that are capable of analyzing host-bacteria and host-host interactions. Methods and results In this study, we tested silver efficacy through multicellular in vitro models involving macrophages (immune system), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs, bone cells), and S. aureus (pathogen). Our model showed to be capable of identifying each element of culture as well as tracking the intracellular survival of bacteria. Furthermore, the model enabled to find a therapeutic window for silver ions (AgNO3) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) where the viability of host cells was not compromised, and the antibacterial properties of silver were maintained. While AgNO3 between 0.00017 and 0.017 µg/mL retained antibacterial properties, host cell viability was not affected. The multicellular model, however, demonstrated that those concentrations had no effect on the survival of S. aureus, inside or outside host cells. Similarly, treatment with 20 nm AgNPs did not influence the phagocytic and killing capacity of macrophages or prevent S. aureus from invading MSCs. Moreover, exposure to 100 nm AgNPs elicited an inflammatory response by host cells as detected by the increased production of TNF-α and IL-6. This was visible only when macrophages and MSCs were cultured together. Conclusions Multicellular in vitro models such as the one used here that simulate complex in vivo scenarios can be used to screen other therapeutic compounds or antibacterial biomaterials without the need to use animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Cecotto
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daphne A. C. Stapels
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Infection Biology Group, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kok P. M. van Kessel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michiel Croes
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zeldali Lourens
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - H. Charles Vogely
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Jos A. G. van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Saber Amin Yavari
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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22
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Mattoli S, Schmidt M. Investigational Use of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Secretome as Add-On Therapy in Severe Respiratory Virus Infections: Challenges and Perspectives. Adv Ther 2023; 40:2626-2692. [PMID: 37069355 PMCID: PMC10109238 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Serious manifestations of respiratory virus infections such as influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are associated with a dysregulated immune response and systemic inflammation. Treating the immunological/inflammatory dysfunction with glucocorticoids, Janus kinase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies against the interleukin-6 receptor has significantly reduced the risk of respiratory failure and death in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, but the proportion of those requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and dying because of respiratory failure remains elevated. Treatment of severe influenza-associated pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with available immunomodulators and anti-inflammatory compounds is still not recommended. New therapies are therefore needed to reduce the use of IMV and the risk of death in hospitalized patients with rapidly increasing oxygen demand and systemic inflammation who do not respond to the current standard of care. This paper provides a critical assessment of the published clinical trials that have tested the investigational use of intravenously administered allogeneic mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived secretome with putative immunomodulatory/antiinflammatory/regenerative properties as add-on therapy to improve the outcome of these patients. Increased survival rates are reported in 5 of 12 placebo-controlled or open-label comparative trials involving patients with severe and critical COVID-19 and in the only study concerning patients with influenza-associated ARDS. Results are encouraging but inconclusive for the following reasons: small number of patients tested in each trial; differences in concomitant treatments and respiratory support; imbalances between study arms; differences in MSC source, MSC-derived product, dosing and starting time of the investigational therapy; insufficient/inappropriate reporting of clinical data. Solutions are proposed for improving the clinical development plan, with the aim of facilitating regulatory approval of the MSC-based investigational therapy for life-threatening respiratory virus infections in the future. Major issues are the absence of a biomarker predicting responsiveness to MSCs and MSC-derived secretome and the lack of pharmacoeconomic evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Mattoli
- Center of Expertise in Research and Innovation of the International Network for the Advancement of Viable and Applicable Innovations in Life Sciences (InAvail), InAvail at Rosental Nexxt, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Avail Biomedical Research Institute, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Avail Biomedical Research Institute, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Discovery and Translational Research Center, 80539 Munich, Germany
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23
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Devi A, Pahuja I, Singh SP, Verma A, Bhattacharya D, Bhaskar A, Dwivedi VP, Das G. Revisiting the role of mesenchymal stem cells in tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:600-612. [PMID: 37173422 PMCID: PMC10176304 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play diverse roles ranging from regeneration and wound healing to immune signaling. Recent investigations have indicated the crucial role of these multipotent stem cells in regulating various aspects of the immune system. MSCs express unique signaling molecules and secrete various soluble factors that play critical roles in modulating and shaping immune responses, and in some other cases, MSCs can also exert direct antimicrobial effects, thereby helping with the eradication of invading organisms. Recently, it has been demonstrated that MSCs are recruited at the periphery of the granuloma containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis and exert "Janus"-like functions by harboring pathogens and mediating host protective immune responses. This leads to the establishment of a dynamic balance between the host and the pathogen. MSCs function through various immunomodulatory factors such as nitric oxide (NO), IDO, and immunosuppressive cytokines. Recently, our group has shown that M.tb uses MSCs as a niche to evade host protective immune surveillance mechanisms and establish dormancy. MSCs also express a large number of ABC efflux pumps; therefore, dormant M.tb residing in MSCs are exposed to a suboptimal dose of drugs. Therefore, it is highly likely that drug resistance is coupled with dormancy and originates within MSCs. In this review, we discussed various immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, their interactions with important immune cells, and soluble factors. We also discussed the possible roles of MSCs in the outcome of multiple infections and in shaping the immune system, which may provide insight into therapeutic approaches using these cells in different infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Devi
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Isha Pahuja
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Prakash Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ashima Bhaskar
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Gobardhan Das
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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24
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Sheikholeslami A, Fazaeli H, Kalhor N, Khoshandam M, Eshagh Hoseini SJ, Sheykhhasan M. Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Crohn's Disease and Perianal Fistulas: A Narrative Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 18:76-92. [PMID: 34530720 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210916145717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's Disease (CD), which usually leads to anal fistulas among patients, is the most important inflammatory bowel disease that causes morbidity in many people around the world. This review article proposes using MSCs as a hopeful therapeutic strategy for CD and anal fistula treatment in both preclinical and clinical conditions. Finally, darvadstrocel, a cell-based medication to treat complex anal fistulas in adults, as the only European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved product for the treatment of anal fistulas in CD is addressed. Although several common therapies, such as surgery and anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) drugs as well as a combination of these methods is used to improve this disease, however, due to the low effectiveness of these treatments, the use of new strategies with higher efficiency is still recommended. Cell therapy is among the new emerging therapeutic strategies that have attracted great attention from clinicians due to its unique capabilities. One of the most widely used cell sources administrated in cell therapy is mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). This review article will discuss preclinical and clinical studies about MSCs as a potent and promising therapeutic option in the treatment of CD and anal fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Sheikholeslami
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Hoda Fazaeli
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom,Iran
| | - Naser Kalhor
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Khoshandam
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom, Iran.,Department of Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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25
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The Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Complex Treatment of Kidney Tuberculosis (Experimental Study). Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123062. [PMID: 36551818 PMCID: PMC9775022 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been recognized as a promising method for treatment of different diseases associated with inflammation and sclerosis, which include nephrotuberculosis. The aim of our study is to investigate the effectiveness of MSCs in the complex therapy of experimental rabbit kidney tuberculosis and to evaluate the effect of cell therapy on the reparative processes. Methods: To simulate kidney tuberculosis, a suspension of the standard strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (106 CFU) was used, which was injected into the cortical layer of the lower pole parenchyma of the left kidney under ultrasound control in rabbits. Anti-tuberculosis therapy (aTBT) was started on the 18th day after infection. MSCs (5 × 107 cells) were transplanted intravenously after the start of aTBT. Results: 2.5 months after infection, all animals showed renal failure. Conducted aTBT significantly reduced the level of albumin, ceruloplasmin, elastase and the severity of disorders in the proteinase/inhibitor system and increased the productive nature of inflammation. A month after MSC transplantation, the level of inflammatory reaction activity proteins decreased, the area of specific and destructive inflammation in kidneys decreased and the formation of mature connective tissue was noted, which indicates the reparative reaction activation.
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26
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Yudintceva N, Mikhailova N, Fedorov V, Samochernych K, Vinogradova T, Muraviov A, Shevtsov M. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and MSCs-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Infectious Diseases: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:662. [PMID: 36354573 PMCID: PMC9687734 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attractive in various fields of regenerative medicine due to their therapeutic potential and complex unique properties. Basic stem cell research and the global COVID-19 pandemic have given impetus to the development of cell therapy for infectious diseases. The aim of this review was to systematize scientific data on the applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) in the combined treatment of infectious diseases. Application of MSCs and MSC-EVs in the treatment of infectious diseases has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects, and also promotes the restoration of the epithelium and stimulates tissue regeneration. The use of MSC-EVs is a promising cell-free treatment strategy that allows solving the problems associated with the safety of cell therapy and increasing its effectiveness. In this review, experimental data and clinical trials based on MSCs and MSC-EVs for the treatment of infectious diseases are presented. MSCs and MSC-EVs can be a promising tool for the treatment of various infectious diseases, particularly in combination with antiviral drugs. Employment of MSC-derived EVs represents a more promising strategy for cell-free treatment, demonstrating a high therapeutic potential in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Yudintceva
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Natalia Mikhailova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Viacheslav Fedorov
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Konstantin Samochernych
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Tatiana Vinogradova
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg 191036, Russia
| | - Alexandr Muraviov
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg 191036, Russia
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
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27
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Immune Activated Cellular Therapy for Drug Resistant Infections: Rationale, Mechanisms, and Implications for Veterinary Medicine. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9110610. [PMID: 36356087 PMCID: PMC9695672 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells have intrinsic antimicrobial properties, thus making them attractive as an alternative treatment strategy in chronic, drug-resistant bacterial infections. Recent evidence has suggested that these antimicrobial effects can be significantly enhanced by immune activation just prior to injection. This review examines the potential role for cellular therapies in treatment of drug resistant infections in veterinary medicine, drawing on insights across species and discussing the therapeutic potential of this approach overall in today’s veterinary patients. Abstract Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation both present challenges to treatment of bacterial infections with conventional antibiotic therapy and serve as the impetus for development of improved therapeutic approaches. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy exerts an antimicrobial effect as demonstrated in multiple acute bacterial infection models. This effect can be enhanced by pre-conditioning the MSC with Toll or Nod-like receptor stimulation, termed activated cellular therapy (ACT). The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature on mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of MSC with emphasis on enhanced effects through receptor agonism, and data supporting use of ACT in treatment of bacterial infections in veterinary species including dogs, cats, and horses with implications for further treatment applications. This review will advance the field’s understanding of the use of activated antimicrobial cellular therapy to treat infection, including mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications.
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28
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Pezzanite LM, Chow L, Phillips J, Griffenhagen GM, Moore AR, Schaer TP, Engiles JB, Werpy N, Gilbertie J, Schnabel LV, Antczak D, Miller D, Dow S, Goodrich LR. TLR-activated mesenchymal stromal cell therapy and antibiotics to treat multi-drug resistant Staphylococcal septic arthritis in an equine model. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1157. [PMID: 36467344 PMCID: PMC9708491 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid development of antibiotic resistance necessitates advancement of novel therapeutic strategies to treat infection. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) possess antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, mediated through antimicrobial peptide secretion and recruitment of innate immune cells including neutrophils and monocytes. TLR-3 activation of human, canine and equine MSC has been shown to enhance bacterial killing and clearance in vitro, in rodent Staphylococcal biofilm infection models and dogs with spontaneous multi-drug-resistant infections. The objective of this study was to determine if intra-articular (IA) TLR-3-activated MSC with antibiotics improved clinical parameters and reduced bacterial counts and inflammatory cytokine concentrations in synovial fluid (SF) of horses with induced septic arthritis. METHODS Eight horses were inoculated in one tarsocrural joint with multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Bone marrow-derived MSC from three unrelated donors were activated with TLR-3 agonist polyinosinic, polycytidylic acid (pIC). Recipient horses received MSC plus vancomycin (TLR-MSC-VAN), or vancomycin (VAN) alone, on days 1, 4, 7 post-inoculation and systemic gentamicin. Pain scores, quantitative bacterial counts (SF, synovium), SF analyses, complete blood counts, cytokine concentrations (SF, plasma), imaging changes (MRI, ultrasound, radiographs), macroscopic joint scores and histologic changes were assessed. Results were reported as mean ± SEM. RESULTS Pain scores (d7, P=0.01, 15.2±0.2 vs. 17.9±0.5), ultrasound (d7, P=0.03, 9.0±0.6 vs. 11.8±0.5), quantitative bacterial counts (SF d7, P=0.02, 0±0 vs. 3.4±0.4; synovium P=0.003, 0.4±0.4 vs. 162.7±18.4), systemic neutrophil (d4, P=0.03, 4.6±0.6 vs. 7.8±0.6) and serum amyloid A (SAA) (d4, P=0.01, 1,106.0±659.0 vs. 2,858.8±141.3; d7, P=0.02, 761.8±746.2 vs. 2,357.3±304.3), and SF lactate (d7, P<0.0001, 5.4±0.2 vs. 15.0±0.3), SAA (endterm, P=0.01, 0.0 vs. 2,094.0±601.6), IL-6 (P=0.03, 313.0±119.2 vs. 1,328.2±208.9), and IL-18 (P=0.02, 11.1±0.5 vs. 13.3±3.8) were improved in TLR-MSC-VAN vs. VAN horses. Study limitations include the small horse sample size, short study duration, and lack of additional control groups. CONCLUSIONS Combined TLR-activated MSC with antibiotic therapy may be a promising approach to manage joint infections with drug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M. Pezzanite
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer Phillips
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gregg M. Griffenhagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - A. Russell Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Thomas P. Schaer
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Julie B. Engiles
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | | | - Jessica Gilbertie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Lauren V. Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Doug Antczak
- Baker Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Donald Miller
- Baker Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Laurie R. Goodrich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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29
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Chow L, Soontararak S, Wheat W, Ammons D, Dow S. Canine polarized macrophages express distinct functional and transcriptomic profiles. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:988981. [PMID: 36387411 PMCID: PMC9663804 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.988981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage differentiation and function in disease states is highly regulated by the local microenvironment. For example, macrophage exposure to IFN-γ (interferon gamma) initiates the development of inflammatory (M1) macrophages, which acquire anti-tumoral and antimicrobial activity, while exposure to IL-4 (interleukin-4) and IL-13 (interleukin-13) drives an anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophage phenotype, which promotes healing and suppression of inflammatory responses. Previous studies of canine polarized macrophages have identified several surface markers that distinguished GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor), IFN-γ and LPS (lipopolysaccharide) derived M1 macrophages or M2 macrophages; and reported a subset of genes that can be used to differentiate between polarization states. However, the need remains to understand the underlying biological mechanisms governing canine macrophage polarization states. Therefore, in the present study we used transcriptome sequencing, a larger panel of flow cytometry markers, and the addition of antimicrobial functional assays to further characterize canine macrophage polarization. Transcriptome analysis revealed unique, previously unreported signatures and pathways for polarized canine M1 and M2 macrophages. New flow cytometric markers were also identified, along with new characterization of how macrophage polarization impacted antimicrobial functions. Taken together, the findings reported here provide new insights into canine macrophage biology and identify new tools for the evaluation of polarized macrophages in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndah Chow
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sirikul Soontararak
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - William Wheat
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Dylan Ammons
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Steven Dow
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven Dow
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30
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Alternatives to Antibiotics against Mycobacterium abscessus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101322. [PMID: 36289979 PMCID: PMC9598287 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus complex is extremely difficult to treat. Intrinsic and acquired bacterial resistance makes this species one of the most challenging pathogens and treatments last from months to years, associated with potential risky antibiotic toxicity and a high number of failures. Nonantibiotic antimicrobial agents against this microorganism have recently been studied so as to offer an alternative to current drugs. This review summarizes recent research on different strategies such as host modulation using stem cells, photodynamic therapy, antibiofilm therapy, phage therapy, nanoparticles, vaccines and antimicrobial peptides against M. abscessus both in vitro and in vivo.
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31
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Dar ER, Makhdoomi DM, Gugjoo MB, Shah SA, Ahmad SM, Shah RA, Ahmad SR, Parrah JUD. Cryopreserved allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells enhance wound repair in full thickness skin wound model and cattle clinical teat injuries. Curr Res Transl Med 2022; 70:103356. [PMID: 35940080 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2022.103356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed to evaluate and compare the healing potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from two common sources (iliac crest derived bone marrow and omental fat) in a full thickness skin wound model. Bone marrow derived MSCs clinical efficacy in the repair of cattle teat fistulae (cutaneous and muco-cutaneous wounds) was also evaluated. In a completely randomized placebo controlled experimental full thickness skin wound model, n=36 were randomly divided into three equal groups: groups I, II and III receiving Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), BM-MSCs and adipose tissue MSCs (AD-MSCs), respectively. Grossly early reduction in inflammation and enhanced epithelialization in the cell-treated groups as compared to the control was seen. Microscopy, ultramicroscopy, gene expression analysis and mechanical testing revealed better and early matrix formation with a reduced scar formation and a higher tensile strength in the cell-treated groups as compared to the control. An overall comparable healing in the cell treated groups was observed, although BM-MSCs had led to the better matrix formation tending to scarless healing while the AD-MSCs had led to the early wound closure with a good tissue strength. In the case controlled bovine clinical teat injuries study (n=17) repaired surgically, BM-MSCs (n=13) or PBS (n=4) was injected locally. In surgico-MSCs treated cases, 84.6% non-recurrence rate was observed as compared to the 50% seen in the control. It was concluded that MSCs irrespective of the donor tissue have potential to improve healing of full thickness cutaneous wounds and/ fistulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Rasool Dar
- Division of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, FVSc & AH, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Dil Mohammad Makhdoomi
- Division of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, FVSc & AH, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, FVSc & AH, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India.
| | - Showkat Ahmad Shah
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, FVSc & AH, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad Shah
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Sheikh Rafeh Ahmad
- Division of Livestock Products and Technology, FVSc & AH, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Jalal-Ud-Din Parrah
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, FVSc & AH, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
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Eiro N, Fraile M, González-Jubete A, González LO, Vizoso FJ. Mesenchymal (Stem) Stromal Cells Based as New Therapeutic Alternative in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Basic Mechanisms, Experimental and Clinical Evidence, and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168905. [PMID: 36012170 PMCID: PMC9408403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are an example of chronic diseases affecting 40% of the population, which involved tissue damage and an inflammatory process not satisfactorily controlled with current therapies. Data suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) may be a therapeutic option for these processes, and especially for IBD, due to their multifactorial approaches such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, regenerative, angiogenic, anti-tumor, or anti-microbial. However, MSC therapy is associated with important limitations as safety issues, handling difficulties for therapeutic purposes, and high economic cost. MSC-derived secretome products (conditioned medium or extracellular vesicles) are therefore a therapeutic option in IBD as they exhibit similar effects to their parent cells and avoid the issues of cell therapy. In this review, we proposed further studies to choose the ideal tissue source of MSC to treat IBD, the implementation of new standardized production strategies, quality controls and the integration of other technologies, such as hydrogels, which may improve the therapeutic effects of derived-MSC secretome products in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Eiro
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.E.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +34-98-5320050 (ext. 84216) (N.E.); Fax: +34-98-531570 (N.E.)
| | - Maria Fraile
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
| | | | - Luis O. González
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Vizoso
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.E.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +34-98-5320050 (ext. 84216) (N.E.); Fax: +34-98-531570 (N.E.)
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Bakhshi H, Soleimani M, Soufizomorrod M, Kooshkaki O. Evaluation of Hematologic Parameters in Patients with COVID-19 Following Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:768-777. [PMID: 35914059 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is spreading and has caused over 188 million confirmed patients and more than 4,059,101 deaths. Currently, several clinical trials are done using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These cells have shown safety and effectiveness, implying a promising clinical application in patients with COVID-19. Studies have shown that abnormalities in hematological measures such as white blood cells count, neutrophilia, elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, inflammatory markers, and lactate dehydrogenase can be used to assess the severity of COVID-19 disease and the response to therapy following MSC treatment. Our study has aimed to review the role of hematological factors in determination of responsiveness to MSC therapy and disease severity in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniye Bakhshi
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Soufizomorrod
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Kooshkaki
- Department of Immunology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K, Rezaee M, Rismanchi H, Mohammadi MM, Babajani A. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Anti-Neoplastic Agents: New Insight into Anticancer Mechanisms of Stem Cells and Exosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:900418. [PMID: 35874827 PMCID: PMC9298847 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.900418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as adult multipotent cells, possess considerable regenerative and anti-neoplastic effects, from inducing apoptosis in the cancer cells to reducing multidrug resistance that bring them up as an appropriate alternative for cancer treatment. These cells can alter the behavior of cancer cells, the condition of the tumor microenvironment, and the activity of immune cells that result in tumor regression. It has been observed that during inflammatory conditions, a well-known feature of the tumor microenvironment, the MSCs produce and release some molecules called “antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)” with demonstrated anti-neoplastic effects. These peptides have remarkable targeted anticancer effects by attaching to the negatively charged membrane of neoplastic cells, disrupting the membrane, and interfering with intracellular pathways. Therefore, AMPs could be considered as a part of the wide-ranging anti-neoplastic effects of MSCs. This review focuses on the possible anti-neoplastic effects of MSCs-derived AMPs and their mechanisms. It also discusses preconditioning approaches and using exosomes to enhance AMP production and delivery from MSCs to cancer cells. Besides, the clinical administration of MSCs-derived AMPs, along with their challenges in clinical practice, were debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Moeinabadi-Bidgoli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Rismanchi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Johnson V, Chow L, Harrison J, Soontararak S, Dow S. Activated Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy for Treatment of Multi-Drug Resistant Bacterial Infections in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:925701. [PMID: 35812842 PMCID: PMC9260693 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.925701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
New and creative approaches are required to treat chronic infections caused by increasingly drug-resistant strains of bacteria. One strategy is the use of cellular therapy employing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) to kill bacteria directly and to also activate effective host immunity to infection. We demonstrated previously that activated MSC delivered systemically could be used effectively together with antibiotic therapy to clear chronic biofilm infections in rodent models. Therefore, we sought in the current studies to gain new insights into the antimicrobial properties of activated canine MSC and to evaluate their effectiveness as a novel cellular therapy for treatment of naturally-occurring drug resistant infections in dogs. These studies revealed that canine MSC produce and secrete antimicrobial peptides that synergize with most classes of common antibiotics to trigger rapid bactericidal activity. In addition, activated canine MSC migrated more efficiently to inflammatory stimuli, and secreted factors associated with wound healing and fibroblast proliferation and recruitment of activated neutrophils. Macrophages incubated with conditioned medium from activated MSC developed significantly enhanced bactericidal activity. Clinical studies in dogs with chronic multidrug resistant infections treated by repeated i.v. delivery of activated, allogeneic MSC demonstrated significant clinical benefit, including infection clearance and healing of infected tissues. Taken together, the results of these studies provide new insights into antimicrobial activity of canine MSC, and their potential clinical utility for management of chronic, drug-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Vetinerary Medicine, Michigan State Univeristy, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jacqueline Harrison
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sirikul Soontararak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven Dow
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Zavvar M, Yahyapoor A, Baghdadi H, Zargaran S, Assadiasl S, Abdolmohammadi K, Hossein Abooei A, Reza Sattarian M, JalaliFarahani M, Zarei N, Farahvash A, Fatahi Y, Deniz G, Zarebavani M, Nicknam MH. COVID-19 immunotherapy: Treatment based on the immune cell-mediated approaches. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108655. [PMID: 35248946 PMCID: PMC8872837 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple efforts are currently underway to control and treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. Despite all efforts, the virus that emerged in Wuhan city has rapidly spread globally and led to a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) due to the lack of approved antiviral therapy. Nevertheless, SARS-CoV-2 has had a significant influence on the evolution of cellular therapeutic approaches. Adoptive immune cell therapy is innovative and offers either promising prophylactic or therapy for patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. This approach is aimed at developing safety and providing secure and effective therapy in combination with standard therapy for all COVID-19 infected individuals. Based on the effective results of previous studies on both inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, various immune cell therapies against COVID-19 have been reviewed and discussed. It must be considered that the application of cell therapy for treatment and to eliminate infected respiratory cells could result in excessive inflammation, so this treatment must be used in combination with other treatments, despite its many beneficial efforts.
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Molnar V, Pavelić E, Vrdoljak K, Čemerin M, Klarić E, Matišić V, Bjelica R, Brlek P, Kovačić I, Tremolada C, Primorac D. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Effects in Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13060949. [PMID: 35741711 PMCID: PMC9222975 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With the insufficient satisfaction rates and high cost of operative treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), alternatives have been sought. Furthermore, the inability of current medications to arrest disease progression has led to rapidly growing clinical research relating to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The availability and function of MSCs vary according to tissue source. The three primary sources include the placenta, bone marrow, and adipose tissue, all of which offer excellent safety profiles. The primary mechanisms of action are trophic and immunomodulatory effects, which prevent the further degradation of joints. However, the function and degree to which benefits are observed vary significantly based on the exosomes secreted by MSCs. Paracrine and autocrine mechanisms prevent cell apoptosis and tissue fibrosis, initiate angiogenesis, and stimulate mitosis via growth factors. MSCs have even been shown to exhibit antimicrobial effects. Clinical results incorporating clinical scores and objective radiological imaging have been promising, but a lack of standardization in isolating MSCs prevents their incorporation in current guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilim Molnar
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.P.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (P.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Eduard Pavelić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.P.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Kristijan Vrdoljak
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.V.); (M.Č.)
| | - Martin Čemerin
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.V.); (M.Č.)
| | - Emil Klarić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.P.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Vid Matišić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.P.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Roko Bjelica
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Petar Brlek
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.P.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (P.B.)
| | | | | | - Dragan Primorac
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.P.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (P.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Medical School REGIOMED, 96450 Coburg, Germany
- Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Correspondence:
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Uberti B, Plaza A, Henríquez C. Pre-conditioning Strategies for Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells in Inflammatory Conditions of Livestock Species. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:806069. [PMID: 35372550 PMCID: PMC8974404 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.806069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) therapy has been a cornerstone of regenerative medicine in humans and animals since their identification in 1968. MSCs can interact and modulate the activity of practically all cellular components of the immune response, either through cell-cell contact or paracrine secretion of soluble mediators, which makes them an attractive alternative to conventional therapies for the treatment of chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. Many of the mechanisms described as necessary for MSCs to modulate the immune/inflammatory response appear to be dependent on the animal species and source. Although there is evidence demonstrating an in vitro immunomodulatory effect of MSCs, there are disparate results between the beneficial effect of MSCs in preclinical models and their actual use in clinical diseases. This discordance might be due to cells' limited survival or impaired function in the inflammatory environment after transplantation. This limited efficacy may be due to several factors, including the small amount of MSCs inoculated, MSC administration late in the course of the disease, low MSC survival rates in vivo, cryopreservation and thawing effects, and impaired MSC potency/biological activity. Multiple physical and chemical pre-conditioning strategies can enhance the survival rate and potency of MSCs; this paper focuses on hypoxic conditions, with inflammatory cytokines, or with different pattern recognition receptor ligands. These different pre-conditioning strategies can modify MSCs metabolism, gene expression, proliferation, and survivability after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Uberti
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Anita Plaza
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio Henríquez
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- *Correspondence: Claudio Henríquez
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Krawczenko A, Klimczak A. Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Contribution to Angiogenic Processes in Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052425. [PMID: 35269568 PMCID: PMC8910401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are widely described in the context of their regenerative and immunomodulatory activity. MSCs are isolated from various tissues and organs. The most frequently described sources are bone marrow and adipose tissue. As stem cells, MSCs are able to differentiate into other cell lineages, but they are usually reported with respect to their paracrine potential. In this review, we focus on MSCs derived from adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) and their secretome in regeneration processes. Special attention is given to the contribution of AT-MSCs and their derivatives to angiogenic processes described mainly in the context of angiogenic dysfunction. Finally, we present clinical trials registered to date that concern the application of AT-MSCs and their secretome in various medical conditions.
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Alagesan S, Brady J, Byrnes D, Fandiño J, Masterson C, McCarthy S, Laffey J, O’Toole D. Enhancement strategies for mesenchymal stem cells and related therapies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:75. [PMID: 35189962 PMCID: PMC8860135 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy, particularly mesenchymal stem/stromal (MSC) therapy, has been investigated for a wide variety of disease indications, particularly those with inflammatory pathologies. However, recently it has become evident that the MSC is far from a panacea. In this review we will look at current and future strategies that might overcome limitations in efficacy. Many of these take their inspiration from stem cell niche and the mechanism of MSC action in response to the injury microenvironment, or from previous gene therapy work which can now benefit from the added longevity and targeting ability of a live cell vector. We will also explore the nascent field of extracellular vesicle therapy and how we are already seeing enhancement protocols for this exciting new drug. These enhanced MSCs will lead the way in more difficult to treat diseases and restore potency where donors or manufacturing practicalities lead to diminished MSC effect.
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Keshtkar S, Kaviani M, Soleimanian S, Azarpira N, Asvar Z, Pakbaz S. Stem Cell-Derived Exosome as Potential Therapeutics for Microbial Diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:786111. [PMID: 35237239 PMCID: PMC8882917 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.786111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, as the smallest extracellular vesicles that carry a cargo of nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins and mediate intercellular communication, have attracted much attention in diagnosis and treatment in the field of medicine. The contents of exosomes vary depending on the cell type and physiological conditions. Among exosomes derived from several cell types, stem cell-derived exosomes (stem cell-Exo) are increasingly being explored due to their immunomodulatory properties, regenerative capacity, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial functions. Administration of stem cell-Exo, as a cell-free therapy for various diseases, has gained great promise. Indeed, the advantages of exosomes secreted from stem cells outweigh those of their parent cells owing to their small size, high stability, less immunogenicity, no risk of tumorigenesis, and easier condition for storage. Recently, the use of stem cell-Exo has been proposed in the field of microbial diseases. Pathogens including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites can cause various diseases in humans with acute and chronic complications, sometimes resulting in mortality. On the other hand, treatments based on antibiotics and other chemical compounds have many side effects and the strains become resistant to drugs in some cases. Hence, this review aimed to highlight the effect of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles including stem cell-Exo on microbial diseases. Although most published studies are preclinical, the avenue of clinical application of stem cell-Exo is under way to reach clinical applications. The challenges ahead of this cell-free treatment that might be applied as a therapeutic alternative to stem cells for translation from bench to bed were emphasized, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Keshtkar
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kaviani
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeede Soleimanian
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asvar
- Nanotechnology School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Pakbaz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Dang J, Yang J, Yu Z, Chen L, Zhang Z, Wang K, Tang J, Yi C. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhance angiogenesis and promote fat retention in fat grafting via polarized macrophages. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:52. [PMID: 35120568 PMCID: PMC8817529 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fat grafting is one of the most common soft tissue filling methods in plastic surgery. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) transplantation is an effective method for improving graft retention. However, the role of BM-MSCs in fat transplantation is not completely clear. Methods Human fat particles, together with BM-MSCs or PBS as a control, were subcutaneously transplanted into the backs of nude mice. Samples were taken on days 14, 30 and 90 post-grafting to calculate the fat graft retention rate, and tissue staining was evaluated. Furthermore, macrophages were treated with BM-MSC conditioned medium (BM-MSC-CM) to identify the beneficial component secreted by these stem cells. Results In this study, we found that BM-MSCs improved retention by enhancing angiogenesis in fat grafting. Further analysis revealed that BM-MSCs could significantly inhibit the expression of the proinflammatory M1 macrophage markers interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6 in the early stages of fat grafting and promote the expression of the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage markers Arg1, IL-10 and VEGF. Furthermore, our results showed that IL-10 secreted by BM-MSCs induced M2 macrophage polarization in vitro. Conclusions BM-MSC transplantation can improve the fat retention rate and promote angiogenesis, which may be related to M2 macrophages. These results help elucidate the role of BM-MSCs in fat grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanli Dang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jizhong Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiezhang Tang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenggang Yi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. .,Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Zohrabi M, Dehghan Marvast L, Izadi M, Mousavi SA, Aflatoonian B. Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as a Novel Treatment for Female Infertility Caused by Bacterial Infections. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:785649. [PMID: 35154028 PMCID: PMC8834364 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.785649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are the most common causes of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) with complications in women, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. The main concern with these infections is that 70% of infected women are asymptomatic and these infections ascend to the upper female reproductive tract (FRT). Primary infection in epithelial cells creates a cascade of events that leads to secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines that stimulate innate immunity. Production of various cytokines is damaging to mucosal barriers, and tissue destruction leads to ciliated epithelial destruction that is associated with tubal scarring and ultimately provides the conditions for infertility. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known as tissue specific stem cells with limited self-renewal capacity and the ability to repair damaged tissues in a variety of pathological conditions due to their multipotential differentiation capacity. Moreover, MSCs secrete exosomes that contain bioactive factors such as proteins, lipids, chemokines, enzymes, cytokines, and immunomodulatory factors which have therapeutic properties to enhance recovery activity and modulate immune responses. Experimental studies have shown that local and systemic treatment of MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) suppresses the destructive immune response due to the delivery of immunomodulatory proteins. Interestingly, some recent data have indicated that MSC-Exos display strong antimicrobial effects, by the secretion of antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs), and increase bacterial clearance by enhancing the phagocytic activity of host immune cells. Considering MSC-Exos can secrete different bioactive factors that can modulate the immune system and prevent infection, exosome therapy is considered as a new therapeutic method in the treatment of inflammatory and microbial diseases. Here we intend to review the possible application of MSC-Exos in female reproductive system bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Zohrabi
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Laleh Dehghan Marvast
- Andrology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahin Izadi
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mousavi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Behrouz Aflatoonian
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- *Correspondence: Behrouz Aflatoonian,
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Pampalone M, Vitale G, Gruttadauria S, Amico G, Iannolo G, Douradinha B, Mularoni A, Conaldi PG, Pietrosi G. Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A New Potential Treatment for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales in Decompensated Cirrhosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020857. [PMID: 35055040 PMCID: PMC8775978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe and often fatal infection in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and ascites. The only cure for SBP is antibiotic therapy, but the emerging problem of bacterial resistance requires novel therapeutic strategies. Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hA-MSCs) possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties that can be harnessed as a therapy in such a context. METHODS An in vitro applications of hA-MSCs in ascitic fluid (AF) of cirrhotic patients, subsequently infected with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, was performed. We evaluated the effects of hA-MSCs on bacterial load, innate immunity factors, and macrophage phenotypic expression. RESULTS hA-MSCs added to AF significantly reduce the proliferation of both bacterial strains at 24 h and diversely affect M1 and M2 polarization, C3a complement protein, and ficolin 3 concentrations during the course of infection, in a bacterial strain-dependent fashion. CONCLUSION This study shows the potential usefulness of hA-MSC in treating ascites infected with carbapenem-resistant bacteria and lays the foundation to further investigate antibacterial and anti-inflammatory roles of hA-MSC in in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Pampalone
- Ri.MED Foundation, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.V.); (G.A.); (B.D.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.I.); (P.G.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giampiero Vitale
- Ri.MED Foundation, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.V.); (G.A.); (B.D.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.I.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Salvatore Gruttadauria
- Department for the Treatment and Study of Abdominal Disease and Abdominal Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT, UPMC, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (S.G.); (G.P.)
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Amico
- Ri.MED Foundation, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.V.); (G.A.); (B.D.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.I.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Gioacchin Iannolo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.I.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Bruno Douradinha
- Ri.MED Foundation, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.V.); (G.A.); (B.D.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.I.); (P.G.C.)
| | | | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.I.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Giada Pietrosi
- Department for the Treatment and Study of Abdominal Disease and Abdominal Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT, UPMC, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (S.G.); (G.P.)
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Pshennikova ES, Voronina AS. Dormancy: There and Back Again. Mol Biol 2022; 56:735-755. [PMID: 36217335 PMCID: PMC9534470 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322050119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Many cells are capable of maintaining viability in a non-dividing state with minimal metabolism under unfavorable conditions. These are germ cells, adult stem cells, and microorganisms. Unfortunately, a resting state, or dormancy, is possible for tuberculosis bacilli in a latent form of the disease and cancer cells, which may later form secondary tumors (metastases) in different parts of the body. These cells are resistant to therapy that can destroy intensely dividing cells and to the host immune system. A cascade of reactions that allows cells to enter and exit dormancy is triggered by regulatory factors from the microenvironment in niches that harbor the cells. A ratio of forbidding and permitting signals dictates whether the cells become dormant or start proliferation. The only difference between the cell dormancy regulation in normal and pathological conditions is that pathogens, mycobacteria, and cancer cells can influence their own fate by changing their microenvironment. Certain mechanisms of these processes are considered in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. S. Pshennikova
- Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. S. Voronina
- Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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46
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Qin Y, Lao YH, Wang H, Zhang J, Yi K, Chen Z, Han J, Song W, Tao Y, Li M. Combatting Helicobacter pylori with oral nanomedicines. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9826-9838. [PMID: 34854456 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02038b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is considered to be the main cause of most digestive diseases,such as chronic active gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers, or even gastric cancer. Oral medication is a transformative approach to treat H. pylori-induced infections. However, unlike intravenous administration, orally administrated drugs have to overcome various barriers before reaching the infected sites, which significantly limits the therapeutic efficacy. These challenges may be addressed by emerging nanomedicine that is equipped with nanotechnology approaches to enable efficient and effective targeted delivery of drugs. Herein, in this review, we first discuss the conventional therapy for the eradication of H. pylori. Through the introduction of the critical barriers of oral administration, the benefits of nanomedicine are highlighted. Recently-published examples of nanocarriers for combating H. pylori in terms of design, preparation, and antimicrobial mechanisms are then presented, followed by our perspective on potential future research directions of oral nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qin
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Yeh-Hsing Lao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Haixia Wang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Ke Yi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Zhuanggui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wantong Song
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou 510630, China
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47
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Antimicrobial and Regenerative Effects of Placental Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome-Based Chitosan Gel on Infected Burns in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121263. [PMID: 34959663 PMCID: PMC8707738 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a need for better strategies to promote burn wound healing and prevent infection. The aim of our study was to develop an easy-to-use placental multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MMSC) secretome-based chitosan hydrogel (MSC-Ch-gel) and estimate its antimicrobial and regenerative activity in Staphylococcus aureus-infected burn wounds in rats. Methods: Proteomic studies of the MMSC secretome revealed proteins involved in regeneration, angiogenesis, and defence responses. The MMSC secretome was collected from cultured cells and mixed with water-soluble chitosan to prepare the placental MSC-Ch-gel, which was stored in liquid phase at 4 °C. The wounds of rats with established II-IIIa-degree burns were then infected with S. aureus and externally covered with the MSC-Ch-gel. Three additional rat groups were treated with medical Vaseline oil, the antiseptic drug Miramistin®, or the drug Bepanthen® Plus. Skin wound samples were collected 4 and 8 days after burning for further microbiological and histological analysis. Blood samples were also collected for biochemical analysis. Results: Application of the MSC-Ch-gel cleared the wound of microorganisms (S. aureus wasn’t detected in the washings from the burned areas), decreased inflammation, enhanced re-epithelialisation, and promoted the formation of well-vascularised granulation tissue. Conclusions: MSC-Ch-gel effectively promotes infected wound healing in rats with third-degree burns. Gel preparation can be easily implemented into clinical practice.
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Costela Ruiz VJ, Melguizo Rodríguez L, Illescas Montes R, García Recio E, Arias Santiago S, Ruiz C, De Luna Bertos E. Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and their phagocytic capacity. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:178-185. [PMID: 34854223 PMCID: PMC8742185 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have evidenced considerable therapeutic potential in numerous clinical fields, especially in tissue regeneration. The immunological characteristics of this cell population include the expression of Toll‐like receptors and mannose receptors, among others. The study objective was to determine whether MSCs have phagocytic capacity against different target particles. We isolated and characterized three human adipose tissue MSC (HAT‐MSC) lines from three patients and analysed their phagocytic capacity by flow cytometry, using fluorescent latex beads, and by transmission electron microscopy, using Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans as biological materials and latex beads as non‐biological material. The results demonstrate that HAT‐MSCs can phagocyte particles of different nature and size. The percentage of phagocytic cells ranged between 33.8% and 56.2% (mean of 44.37% ± 11.253) according to the cell line, and a high phagocytic index was observed. The high phagocytic capacity observed in MSCs, which have known regenerative potential, may offer an advance in the approach to certain local and systemic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor J Costela Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute, ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía Melguizo Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute, ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rebeca Illescas Montes
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute, ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique García Recio
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute, ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador Arias Santiago
- Biosanitary Research Institute, ibs Granada, Granada, Spain.,Surgical Medical Dermatology and Venereology Service, Department of Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute, ibs Granada, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, Centre for Medical Research (CIBM), Health Technology Park (PTS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elvira De Luna Bertos
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute, ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
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Rafie M, Meshkini A. Tailoring the proliferation of fibroblast cells by multiresponsive and thermosensitive stem cells composite F127 hydrogel containing folic acid.MgO:ZnO/chitosan hybrid microparticles for skin regeneration. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:106031. [PMID: 34601068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, biodegradable and thermosensitive F127 hydrogel containing folic acid.MgO:ZnO/chitosan hybrid particles (FMZC) was fabricated as a 3D mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) delivery vehicle for regenerative medicine and wound healing purposes, in such a way to be responsive to lysozyme and UVA irradiation. The results showed that F127 hydrogel containing FMZC is a suitable and nontoxic construct for encapsulation of MSCs in the presence of lysozyme and UVA irradiation, bearing high stem cell viability and proliferation. The final hydrogel, MSC&FMZC, in response to lysozyme induced a higher proliferation rate and migration in human foreskin fibroblast cells (HFF). These phenomena were attributed to the released F.MgO:ZnO nanocomposites from chitosan microparticles and paracrine factors from MSCs within the hydrogel, resulting in synergistic biological effects. Moreover, lysozyme-treated MSC&FMZC hydrogel showed higher antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria than bare hydrogel. However, a significant increase in the antibacterial activity of MSC&FMZC was observed as the treated bacteria were subjected to UVA irradiation owing to the photocatalytic activity of F.MgO:ZnO nanocomposites. Regarding the antibacterial activity and stimulating skin cell behavior of MSC&FMZC hydrogel that can promote the regenerative activities of skin, it could be considered as a promising scaffold for bacteria-accompanied wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Rafie
- Biochemical Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Meshkini
- Biochemical Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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50
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Estrada McDermott J, Pezzanite L, Goodrich L, Santangelo K, Chow L, Dow S, Wheat W. Role of Innate Immunity in Initiation and Progression of Osteoarthritis, with Emphasis on Horses. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3247. [PMID: 34827979 PMCID: PMC8614551 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition with diverse etiologies, affecting horses, humans, and companion animals. Importantly, OA is not a single disease, but rather a disease process initiated by different events, including acute trauma, irregular or repetitive overload of articular structures, and spontaneous development with aging. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of OA is still evolving, and OA is increasingly considered a multifactorial disease in which the innate immune system plays a key role in regulating and perpetuating low-grade inflammation, resulting in sustained cartilage injury and destruction. Macrophages within the synovium and synovial fluid are considered the key regulators of immune processes in OA and are capable of both stimulating and suppressing joint inflammation, by responding to local and systemic cues. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of the innate immune system in the overall pathogenesis of OA, drawing on insights from studies in humans, animal models of OA, and from clinical and research studies in horses. This review also discusses the various therapeutic immune modulatory options currently available for managing OA and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Estrada McDermott
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (J.E.M.); (L.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Lynn Pezzanite
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (J.E.M.); (L.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Laurie Goodrich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (J.E.M.); (L.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Kelly Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (J.E.M.); (L.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (J.E.M.); (L.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - William Wheat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (J.E.M.); (L.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
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