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Nassereddine A, Wang Q, Loffreda D, Ricolleau C, Alloyeau D, Louis C, Delannoy L, Nelayah J, Guesmi H. Revealing Size Dependent Structural Transitions in Supported Gold Nanoparticles in Hydrogen at Atmospheric Pressure. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104571. [PMID: 34761525 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of the catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles with their decreasing size is often attributed to the increasing proportion of low-coordinated surface sites. This correlation is based on the paradigmatic picture of working gold nanoparticles as perfect crystal forms having complete and static outer surface layers whatever their size. This picture is incomplete as catalysts can dynamically change their structure according to the reaction conditions and as such changes can be eventually size-dependent. In this work, using aberration-corrected environmental electron microscopy, size-dependent crystal structure and morphological evolution in gold nanoparticles exposed to hydrogen at atmospheric pressure, with loss of the face-centered cubic crystal structure of gold for particle size below 4 nm, are revealed for the first time. Theoretical calculations highlight the role of mobile gold atoms in the observed symmetry changes and particle reshaping in the critical size regime. An unprecedented stable surface molecular structure of hydrogenated gold decorating a highly distorted core is identified. By combining atomic scale in situ observations and modeling of nanoparticle structure under relevant reaction conditions, this work provides a fundamental understanding of the size-dependent reactivity of gold nanoparticles with a precise picture of their surface at working conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Nassereddine
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Qing Wang
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - David Loffreda
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon F, 69342, France
| | - Christian Ricolleau
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Damien Alloyeau
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Catherine Louis
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, LRS, Paris, F 75252, France
| | - Laurent Delannoy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, LRS, Paris, F 75252, France
| | - Jaysen Nelayah
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Hazar Guesmi
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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Catalytic performance of Ru, Os, and Rh nanoparticles for ammonia synthesis: A density functional theory analysis. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tamura T, Kimura Y, Takai Y. Development of a real-time wave field reconstruction TEM system (I): incorporation of an auto focus tracking system. Microscopy (Oxf) 2017; 66:172-181. [PMID: 28339656 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfx002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a real-time wave field reconstruction transmission electron microscope system that enables auto focus tracking at a video rate. In the developed system, a high-speed image calculation technique using a graphical processing unit was incorporated along with two techniques facilitating high-speed focus control using high-voltage modulation and weighted image integration using exposure time control. By utilizing these techniques, the sample drift induced in the Z-axis direction can be measured and automatically corrected for every 1/30 of a second. The auto focus tracking system can be operated in the sample drift range of ±150 nm with a precision of ~0.4 nm. In addition to amorphous samples, the system can be used to examine thin crystalline samples, which indicates that atomic structure analysis can be performed in real time with high reliability even when heavy drift occurs in the Z-axis direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tamura
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Kimura
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshizo Takai
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Shape-Dependent Single-Electron Levels for Au Nanoparticles. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9040301. [PMID: 28773426 PMCID: PMC5502994 DOI: 10.3390/ma9040301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The shape of metal nanoparticles has a crucial role in their performance in heterogeneous catalysis as well as photocatalysis. We propose a method of determining the shape of nanoparticles based on measurements of single-electron quantum levels. We first consider nanoparticles in two shapes of high symmetry: cube and sphere. We then focus on Au nanoparticles in three characteristic shapes that can be found in metal/inorganic or metal/organic compounds routinely used in catalysis and photocatalysis. We describe the methodology we use to solve the Schrödinger equation for arbitrary nanoparticle shape. The method gives results that agree well with analytical solutions for the high-symmetry shapes. When we apply our method in realistic gold nanoparticle models, which are obtained from Wulff construction based on first principles calculations, the single-electron levels and their density of states exhibit distinct shape-dependent features. Results for clean-surface nanoparticles are closer to those for cubic particles, while CO-covered nanoparticles have energy levels close to those of a sphere. Thiolate-covered nanoparticles with multifaceted polyhedral shape have distinct levels that are in between those for sphere and cube. We discuss how shape-dependent electronic structure features could be identified in experiments and thus guide catalyst design.
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Ma T, Miyazaki K, Ariga H, Takakusagi S, Asakura K. Investigation of the Cleanliness of Transferred Graphene: The First Step toward Its Application as a Window Material for Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University
- Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University
| | - Kotaro Miyazaki
- Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University
- Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University
- Suga Co., Ltd
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Riekel C, Di Cola E, Reynolds M, Burghammer M, Rosenthal M, Doblas D, Ivanov DA. Thermal transformations of self-assembled gold glyconanoparticles probed by combined nanocalorimetry and X-ray nanobeam scattering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:529-534. [PMID: 25526765 DOI: 10.1021/la504015e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Noble metal nanoparticles with ligand shells are of interest for applications in catalysis, thermo-plasmonics, and others, involving heating processes. To gain insight into the structure-formation processes in such systems, self-assembly of carbohydrate-functionalized gold nanoparticles during precipitation from solution and during further heating to ca. 340 °C was explored by in situ combination of nanobeam SAXS/WAXS and nanocalorimetry. Upon precipitation from solution, X-ray scattering reveals the appearance of small 2D domains of close-packed nanoparticles. During heating, increasing interpenetration of the nanoparticle soft shells in the domains is observed up to ca. 81 °C, followed by cluster formation at ca. 125 °C, which transform into crystalline gold nuclei at around 160 °C. Above ca. 200 °C, one observes the onset of coalescence and grain growth resulting in gold crystallites of average size of about 100 nm. The observed microstructural changes are in agreement with the in situ heat capacity measurements with nanocalorimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Riekel
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Barmparis GD, Lodziana Z, Lopez N, Remediakis IN. Nanoparticle shapes by using Wulff constructions and first-principles calculations. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:361-8. [PMID: 25821675 PMCID: PMC4362398 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of complex and advanced materials contain nanoparticles. The properties of these materials depend crucially on the size and shape of these nanoparticles. Wulff construction offers a simple method of predicting the equilibrium shape of nanoparticles given the surface energies of the material. RESULTS We review the mathematical formulation and the main applications of Wulff construction during the last two decades. We then focus to three recent extensions: active sites of metal nanoparticles for heterogeneous catalysis, ligand-protected nanoparticles generated as colloidal suspensions and nanoparticles of complex metal hydrides for hydrogen storage. CONCLUSION Wulff construction, in particular when linked to first-principles calculations, is a powerful tool for the analysis and prediction of the shapes of nanoparticles and tailor the properties of shape-inducing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios D Barmparis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Zbigniew Lodziana
- INP, Polish Acad Sci, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Nuria Lopez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, Av. Paisos Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Ioannis N Remediakis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
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Akita T, Kohyama M, Haruta M. Electron microscopy study of gold nanoparticles deposited on transition metal oxides. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:1773-82. [PMID: 23777292 DOI: 10.1021/ar300259n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many researchers have investigated the catalytic performance of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) supported on metal oxides for various catalytic reactions of industrial importance. These studies have consistently shown that the catalytic activity and selectivity depend on the size of GNPs, the kind of metal oxide supports, and the gold/metal oxide interface structure. Although researchers have proposed several structural models for the catalytically active sites and have identified the specific electronic structures of GNPs induced by the quantum effect, recent experimental and theoretical studies indicate that the perimeter around GNPs in contact with the metal oxide supports acts as an active site in many reactions. Thus, it is of immense importance to investigate the detailed structures of the perimeters and the contact interfaces of gold/metal oxide systems by using electron microscopy at an atomic scale. This Account describes our investigation, at the atomic scale using electron microscopy, of GNPs deposited on metal oxides. In particular, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) are valuable tools to observe local atomic structures, as has been successfully demonstrated for various nanoparticles, surfaces, and material interfaces. TEM can be applied to real powder catalysts as received without making special specimens, in contrast to what is typically necessary to observe bulk materials. For precise structure analyses at an atomic scale, model catalysts prepared by using well-defined single-crystalline substrates are also adopted for TEM observations. Moreover, aberration-corrected TEM, which has high spatial resolution under 0.1 nm, is a promising tool to observe the interface structure between GNPs and metal oxide supports including oxygen atoms at the interfaces. The oxygen atoms in particular play an important role in the behavior of gold/metal oxide interfaces, because they may participate in catalytic reaction steps. Detailed information about the interfacial structures between GNPs and metal oxides provides valuable structure models for theoretical calculations which can elucidate the local electronic structure effective for activating a reactant molecule. Based on our observations with HRTEM and HAADF-STEM, we report the detailed structure of gold/metal oxide interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Akita
- Research Institute for Ubiquitous Energy Devices, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Masanori Kohyama
- Research Institute for Ubiquitous Energy Devices, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Masatake Haruta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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Cortes-Huerto R, Goniakowski J, Noguera C. An efficient many-body potential for the interaction of transition and noble metal nano-objects with an environment. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:244706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4811670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Abstract
A carbon sandwich environmental cell for wet specimens was developed for environmental transmission electron microscopy (E-TEM). A plastic film with many holes was used to form carbon capsules. The carbon sandwich environmental cells were composed of the spacer and two carbon films and enclosing the samples and experimental solution. The thickness of the water layer can be controlled by changing the conditions used to prepare the plastic spacers. The quality of the images was improved over our previous E-TEM, which could circulate gas around samples. A resolution of 2 nm was obtained by using loosely condensed DNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhri Inayoshi
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Mehraeen S, McKeown JT, Deshmukh PV, Evans JE, Abellan P, Xu P, Reed BW, Taheri ML, Fischione PE, Browning ND. A (S)TEM gas cell holder with localized laser heating for in situ experiments. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2013; 19:470-478. [PMID: 23452391 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927612014419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The advent of aberration correction for transmission electron microscopy has transformed atomic resolution imaging into a nearly routine technique for structural analysis. Now an emerging frontier in electron microscopy is the development of in situ capabilities to observe reactions at atomic resolution in real time and within realistic environments. Here we present a new in situ gas cell holder that is designed for compatibility with a wide variety of sample type (i.e., dimpled 3-mm discs, standard mesh grids, various types of focused ion beam lamellae attached to half grids). Its capabilities include localized heating and precise control of the gas pressure and composition while simultaneously allowing atomic resolution imaging at ambient pressure. The results show that 0.25-nm lattice fringes are directly visible for nanoparticles imaged at ambient pressure with gas path lengths up to 20 μm. Additionally, we quantitatively demonstrate that while the attainable contrast and resolution decrease with increasing pressure and gas path length, resolutions better than 0.2 nm should be accessible at ambient pressure with gas path lengths less than the 15 μm utilized for these experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareghe Mehraeen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Yoshida K, Xudong Z, Bright AN, Saitoh K, Tanaka N. Dynamic environmental transmission electron microscopy observation of platinum electrode catalyst deactivation in a proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:065705. [PMID: 23340321 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/6/065705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Spherical-aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy (AC-ETEM) was applied to study the catalytic activity of platinum/amorphous carbon electrode catalysts in proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). These electrode catalysts were characterized in different atmospheres, such as hydrogen and air, and a conventional high vacuum of 10(-5) Pa. A high-speed charge coupled device camera was used to capture real-time movies to dynamically study the diffusion and reconstruction of nanoparticles with an information transfer down to 0.1 nm, a time resolution below 0.2 s and an acceleration voltage of 300 kV. With such high spatial and time resolution, AC-ETEM permits the visualization of surface-atom behaviour that dominates the coalescence and surface-reconstruction processes of the nanoparticles. To contribute to the development of robust PEMFC platinum/amorphous carbon electrode catalysts, the change in the specific surface area of platinum particles was evaluated in hydrogen and air atmospheres. The deactivation of such catalysts during cycle operation is a serious problem that must be resolved for the practical use of PEMFCs in real vehicles. In this paper, the mechanism for the deactivation of platinum/amorphous carbon electrode catalysts is discussed using the decay rate of the specific surface area of platinum particles, measured first in a vacuum and then in hydrogen and air atmospheres for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Yoshida
- Institute of Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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Barmparis GD, Honkala K, Remediakis IN. Thiolate adsorption on Au(hkl) and equilibrium shape of large thiolate-covered gold nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:064702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4790368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kuwauchi Y, Yoshida H, Akita T, Haruta M, Takeda S. Intrinsic Catalytic Structure of Gold Nanoparticles Supported on TiO2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kuwauchi Y, Yoshida H, Akita T, Haruta M, Takeda S. Intrinsic catalytic structure of gold nanoparticles supported on TiO2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7729-33. [PMID: 22730239 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fragility of TiO(2) under electron irradiation, the intrinsic structure of Au/TiO(2) catalysts can be observed by environmental transmission electron microscopy. Under reaction conditions (CO/air 100 Pa), the major {111} and {100} facets of the gold nanoparticles are exposed and the particles display a polygonal interface with the TiO(2) support bounded by sharp edges parallel to the 〈110〉 directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Kuwauchi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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Bond GC. The effect of the metal to non-metal transition on the activity of gold catalysts. Faraday Discuss 2011; 152:277-91; discussion 293-306. [DOI: 10.1039/c1fd00010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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MAŁECKA M, KĘPIŃSKI L. Microstructural characterization of nanocrystalline gold particles supported on CoCr2O4. J Microsc 2010; 237:282-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kawasaki T, Ueda K, Ichihashi M, Tanji T. Improvement of windowed type environmental-cell transmission electron microscope for in situ observation of gas-solid interactions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:113701. [PMID: 19947731 DOI: 10.1063/1.3250862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an improved, windowed type environmental-cell (E-cell) transmission electron microscope (TEM) for in situ observation of gas-solid interactions, such as catalytic reactions at atmospheric pressure. Our E-cell TEM includes a compact E-cell specimen holder with mechanical stability, resulting in smoother introduction of the desired gases compared with previous E-cell TEMs. In addition, the gas control unit was simplified by omitting the pressure control function of the TEM pre-evacuation chamber. This simplification was due to the successful development of remarkably tough thin carbon films as the window material. These films, with a thickness of <10 nm, were found to withstand pressure differences >2 atm. Appropriate arrangement of the specimen position inside the E-cell provided quantitatively analyzable TEM images, with no disturbances caused by the windowed films. As an application, we used this E-cell TEM to observe the dynamic shape change in a catalytic gold nanoparticle supported on TiO(2) during the oxidation of CO gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Kawasaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
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