Maillard reaction product-rich food impair cell proliferation and induce cell deathin vitro

Influence of melanoidins on acidogenic fermentation of food waste to produce volatility fatty acids

Few studies on hydrothermal treatment (HT) of food waste (FW) considered the impact of melanoidins formation due to Maillard reaction on acidogenic fermentation. Here, the effects of different melanoidins doses on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production were investigated. Results showed that the solubilization and degradation of proteins can be inhibited by the presence of melanoidins. At the high-dose melanoidins, VFA production from FW was reduced by 12%. Besides, the bovine serum albumin degradation rate declined 22% with the high-dose melanoidins effectively identified their inhibition effect. However, the unaffected carbohydrates utilization led to insignificant VFA disparity at lower doses of melanoidins, because carbohydrates contributed the major VFA yield. The consumption of substrates due to melanoidins formation mainly caused VFA reduction, which contributed to 82% of substantial VFA loss. Therefore, controlling the formation of melanoidins may help the application of HT and enhance the resource recovery from FW.

Environmental pollution and health hazards from distillery wastewater and treatment approaches to combat the environmental threats: A review

Distillery industries are the key contributor to the world's economy, but these are also one of the major sources of environmental pollution due to the discharge of a huge volume of dark colored wastewater. This dark colored wastewater contains very high biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total solids, sulfate, phosphate, phenolics and various toxic metals. Distillery wastewater also contains a mixture of organic and inorganic pollutants such as melanoidins, di-n-octyl phthalate, di-butyl phthalate, benzenepropanoic acid and 2-hydroxysocaproic acid and toxic metals, which are well reported as genotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic and endocrine disrupting in nature. In aquatic resources, it causes serious environmental problems by reducing the penetration power of sunlight, photosynthetic activities and dissolved oxygen content. On other hand, in agricultural land, it causes inhibition of seed germination and depletion of vegetation by reducing the soil alkalinity and manganese availability, if discharged without adequate treatment. Thus, this review article provides a comprehensive knowledge on the distillery wastewater pollutants, various techniques used for their analysis as well as its toxicological effects on environments, human and animal health. In addition, various physico-chemicals, biological as well as emerging treatment methods have been also discussed for the protection of environment, human and animal health.

Prognostic potential and tumor growth-inhibiting effect of plasma advanced glycation end products in non-small cell lung carcinoma

The plasma fluorescence related to the standard fluorescence of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is a simple measurable blood parameter for distinct diseases but its importance in human cancer, including non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), is unknown. Plasma samples of 70 NSCLC patients who underwent resection surgery of the tumor were analyzed for the distinct AGE-related fluorescence at 370 nm excitation/440 nm emission. In a retrospective study, we tested the prognostic relevance of this AGE-related plasma fluorescence. The effect of circulating AGEs on the NSCLC growth was studied experimentally in vitro and in vivo. NSCLC patients with high (> median) AGE-related plasma fluorescence were characterized by a later reoccurrence of the tumor after curative surgery and a higher survival rate compared with patients with low plasma fluorescence (25% versus 47% 5-y survival, P = 0.011). Treating NSCLC cell spheroids with patients' plasma showed an inverse correlation between the growth of spheroids in vitro and the individual AGE-related fluorescence of each plasma sample. To confirm the impact of circulating AGEs on the NSCLC progression, we studied the NSCLC growth in mice whose circulating AGE level was elevated by AGE-rich diet. In vivo tumorigenicity assays demonstrated that mice with higher levels of circulating AGEs developed smaller tumors than mice with normal AGE levels. The AGE-related plasma fluorescence has prognostic relevance for NSCLC patients in whom the tumor growth-inhibiting effect of circulating AGEs might play a critical role.

Lung level of HMBG1 is elevated in response to advanced glycation end product-enriched foodin vivo

High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that can be actively released from the cell in certain conditions thereby mediating cytokine-like function. While nuclear HMGB1 modulates the transcriptional activity of cells, extracellular HMGB1 partially acts via binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), which is highly expressed in lung tissue. Therefore, we studied the impact of food-derived advanced glycation end products (AGEs), the Maillard reaction products, on the lung expression of HMGB1. Feeding rats with AGE-rich diet, containing either bread crust or coffee beverage, resulted in an upregulation of HMGB1 mRNA and protein especially in those animals receiving bread crust diet. The expression of RAGE was not influenced. Moreover, we revealed a positive correlation between an increased lung AGE level and HMGB1 protein expression in both animal groups receiving either bread crust or coffee extract but not in the control group. In contrast, the ageing-related AGE accumulation was not associated with an increased level of HMGB1 protein in lung tissue from senescent (100 wk) compared to young-adult (24 wk) rats. Our data suggest a physiological role of food- but not ageing-associated AGEs in the regulation of the HMGB1 expression in lung.