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Koopmans L, Bruel D, de Geit E, van den Bergh R, Bouwens L, de Korte E, Wiezer N, van der Torre W. Multilevel Mindfulness: Which Organizational Factors Stimulate Mindfulness in the Workplace? J Occup Environ Med 2024; 66:e296-e305. [PMID: 38640944 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000003121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine which factors in the organizational context stimulate and/or hinder employee mindfulness. Methods: Two methods were used: 1) scientific literature review, and 2) qualitative interviews with scientists, trainers, and managers. Results: The individual and the work environment interact with each other when it comes to mindfulness in the workplace. Factors at the task, team, supervisor, organizational, and context level stimulate employee mindfulness. Conclusions: Mindfulness is effective in dealing with stress but also positively impacts work-related outcomes such as engagement, concentration, and productivity. A multilevel approach can strengthen the positive effects of individual mindfulness training in the workplace, ultimately contributing to healthy workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Koopmans
- From the TNO, Unit Healthy Living and Work, Leiden, the Netherlands (L.K., D.B., E.d.G., R.v.d.B., L.B., E.d.K., N.W., W.v.d.T.); and Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.)
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2
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Lajom JAL, Teo S, de Carvalho Filho MK, Stanway A. Passionate and psychologically-undetached: A moderated-mediated investigation of psychological distress among engaged employees. Stress Health 2023; 39:1026-1036. [PMID: 36827409 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Guided by the effort-recovery model and the dualistic model of passion, we tested a conditional process model that examined the relationships between work engagement, workplace passion, psychological detachment, and psychological distress among Japanese professionals. We conducted an online panel survey across two time points, six weeks apart (N = 202 matched responses) where we measured all the variables at both instances. Findings show that engaged employees become susceptible to psychological distress due to decreased levels of psychological detachment. The moderating role of work passion was partially supported: being obsessively passionate towards work exacerbates this relationship further while contrary to expectations, the moderating role of harmonious passion was not significant. Findings suggest the possibility that engaged employees are less likely to switch off, which predisposes them to ill-being at work, and this becomes apparent among employees with less volitional opportunities in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Teo
- Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Alicia Stanway
- Australian Institute of Business, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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3
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Miguel C, Amarnath A, Akhtar A, Malik A, Baranyi G, Barbui C, Karyotaki E, Cuijpers P. Universal, selective and indicated interventions for supporting mental health at the workplace: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:225-236. [PMID: 36828633 PMCID: PMC10086469 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The current umbrella review aimed to assess and summarise evidence on universal, selective and indicated interventions for mental health at the workplace. This umbrella review forms one of the evidence reviews which were commissioned by the WHO to develop global guidelines on mental health at work. We conducted systematic searches in five bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane and Global Medicus Index) and included meta-analyses of randomised trials examining psychosocial, physical activity and lifestyle interventions delivered to all general workers (universal interventions), at-risk workers (selective interventions) and workers already experiencing symptoms of mental disorders (indicated interventions). We included outcomes from seven domains: symptoms of mental health conditions, positive mental health, quality of life, work-related outcomes, substance use, suicide-related outcomes and potential adverse effects. We identified 16 meta-analyses producing 66 pooled effect sizes of the examined interventions, mostly on symptoms of mental health conditions (n=43 pooled effect sizes) (eg, burnout, insomnia, stress) and positive mental health (n=15) (eg, well-being). Most of the evidence on universal, selective and indicated interventions was focused on psychosocial interventions, showing small to moderate effects across the various outcomes. Certainty levels according to GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) were low to very low in almost all of the examined outcomes. The results of existing meta-analyses are promising for the use of preventative and early treatment interventions in the workplace. However, the quality and certainty of the evidence were very modest, and further research on the effectiveness of these interventions is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Miguel
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arpana Amarnath
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aemal Akhtar
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aiysha Malik
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gergő Baranyi
- Society and Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Corrado Barbui
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eirini Karyotaki
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Vadvilavičius T, Varnagirytė E, Jarašiūnaitė-Fedosejeva G, Gustainienė L. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Police Officers' Stress Reduction: a Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF POLICE AND CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 38:223-239. [PMID: 36741275 PMCID: PMC9885068 DOI: 10.1007/s11896-022-09570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The profession of a police officer is associated with high levels of stress, which can have harmful consequences for officers' personal lives, the police organisation, and society. This systematic review aims to synthesise recent literature on the effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention related to stress reduction (MBIs) in a sample of police officers. The search of relevant articles was applied in four databases (SpringerLink, Web of Science, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), and PubMed), using the following inclusion criteria: (1) study involved police officers; (2) study used (quasi)experimental research design; (3) mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention was applied as the main intervention; and (4) study presented pre- and post-intervention measures and quantitative results of stress. The systematic review of eight articles included in the analysis revealed that MBIs were effective in reducing police officers' stress and other stress-related outcomes (sleep problems, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), negative affect, burnout).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadas Vadvilavičius
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Jonavos St. 66/328, 44191 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Erika Varnagirytė
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Jonavos St. 66/328, 44191 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gabija Jarašiūnaitė-Fedosejeva
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Jonavos St. 66/328, 44191 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Loreta Gustainienė
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Jonavos St. 66/328, 44191 Kaunas, Lithuania
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5
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Schneider JK, Abdullahi SG, Easton SD, Willis DG. Mantram repetition and psychological distress: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2022; 30:389-397. [PMID: 36427257 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Researchers have examined several interventions for psychological distress, mindfulness being a popular one. One intervention that fosters mindfulness is mantram repetition. Mantram repetition is an ancient traditional practice of repeating a sacred word/phrase at various times throughout the day and whenever needed. Psychologically, mantram repetition can mitigate immediate stressors. When used consistently, mantram repetition promotes resilience and deepens mindfulness, thereby promoting recovery from distress. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This paper examines the overall effect of mantram repetition on psychological distress symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety and somatization). WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: The portable, cost-effective, mantram repetition intervention outperformed standard therapies. In people who are prone to psychological distress, practitioners might teach this technique, encouraging them to use it initially as they go through their day and then when they are experiencing distress. Mantram repetition can quiet the mind and pairs well with breathing exercises and routine activities such as walking or exercising, or during chores, thus, integrating the mantram into daily life. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Researchers have examined several interventions for psychological distress, mindfulness being a popular one. One mindfulness intervention is mantram repetition. Mantram repetition is an ancient traditional practice of repeating a sacred word/phrase at various times throughout the day and whenever needed. AIM To examine the evidence of the effect of mantram repetition on psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety and somatization). METHOD We searched 16 databases and retrieved 12 studies testing the effects of mantram repetition; only four of these measured aspects of psychological distress with comparison groups. RESULTS All studies showed positive effects ranging from very mild (.08) to very strong (.71). The summary effect across all studies was small (.23, p = .015). Importantly, this small effect was found when compared to treatment as usual and even psychotherapy. DISCUSSION The portable, cost-effective, mantram repetition intervention outperformed standard therapies. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE In patients who are prone to psychological distress, practitioners might teach this technique, encouraging them to use it initially as they go through their day and then when they are experiencing distress. Mantram repetition could be practiced with breathing exercises, when walking or exercising, or during chores, integrating the mantram into daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saratu Garba Abdullahi
- Trudy Busch Valentine School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Scott D Easton
- Trauma Integration Initiative, Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danny G Willis
- Trudy Busch Valentine School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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6
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Wang SC, Hu WY, Lalande L, Chang JC, Tsai SY, Chang SC, Wen TK. Evaluation of Guided Respiration Mindfulness Therapy (GRMT) for Reducing Stress in Nurses. J Holist Nurs 2022; 41:155-167. [PMID: 35536701 DOI: 10.1177/08980101221094973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Guided respiration mindfulness therapy (GRMT) is a clinical model of breathwork that has shown promise as a treatment for depression, anxiety, and stress. This study examined the effectiveness of GRMT as a holistically oriented intervention for reducing psychological distress in nurses. Sixty-two nurses were assigned to either five sessions of GRMT or 5 sessions of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) comparison condition which were conducted over 5 weeks. A no-treatment control was also included. Session-by-session change in depression, anxiety, and stress, along with change in mindfulness and self-compassion were assessed. Multilevel analysis showed GRMT resulted in statistically significant reductions in overall psychological distress, anxiety, and stress levels, as well as significant increases in mindfulness and self-compassion with large to very large effect sizes. On all measures, GRMT performed better than the comparison MBI intervention which showed no significant effect on stress levels. Results suggest that GRMT can provide nurses with an effective group intervention for reducing stress, and increasing mindfulness and self-compassion which are foundational elements of self-care for the holistic nurse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chen Wang
- Department of Nursing, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Hu
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lloyd Lalande
- 63495Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chen Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yu Tsai
- 38005School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chuan Chang
- Department of Nursing, 59216Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Kuen Wen
- Dila Department of Buddhist Studies, 447689Dharma Drum Institute of Liberal Arts, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Mohamed AF, Isahak M, Awg Isa MZ, Nordin R. The effectiveness of workplace health promotion program in reducing work-related depression, anxiety and stress among manufacturing workers in Malaysia: mixed-model intervention. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1113-1127. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01836-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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Uslu D, Marcus J, Kisbu-Sakarya Y. Toward Optimized Effectiveness of Employee Training Programs. JOURNAL OF PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1866-5888/a000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Although organizations invest heavily on employee training, the effectiveness of employee training programs has not been well-established. In the current study, we examine the training delivery features of employee training programs to derive a better understanding of features that may be of best benefit in the improvement of employee affective outcomes. Specifically, and via the use of meta-analysis ( k = 79 studies totaling 107 independent effect sizes), we focus on two broad classes of affective employee training outcomes including attitudinal and motivational outcomes. Results evidence support for the effectiveness of employee workplace training interventions and indicate that employee training programs associated with attitudinal versus motivational outcomes require different features while being delivered to reach optimal effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Uslu
- Department of Management and Organization, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Justin Marcus
- Department of Psychology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Chan CMH, Wong JE, Wee LH, Jamil NA, Yeap LLL, Swarna Nantha Y, Siau CS. Psychological and work-related factors predicting work engagement in Malaysian employees. Occup Med (Lond) 2021; 70:400-406. [PMID: 32537649 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past research on work engagement has focused almost exclusively on either psychological or work-related factors in almost wholly separate literature. There is therefore a need to examine how these factors collectively influence work engagement. AIMS To determine levels of work engagement and to identify psychological and work-related characteristics predicting work engagement in employees in Malaysia. METHODS We recruited 5235 employees from 47 public and private organizations in Malaysia who responded to an online health survey. We assessed work engagement with the 9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) and psychological distress using the 6-item Kessler scale. We performed multiple linear regression to determine predictors of work engagement. RESULTS Employee mean age was 33.8 years (standard deviation [SD] ± 8.8). The mean work engagement score on the UWES-9 was 3.53 (SD ± 0.94). Eleven of 18 variables on multiple regression predicted work engagement, F(18, 4925) = 69.02, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.201. Factors that predicted higher work engagement were age, marital status, education level, job type, job permanency, longer sleep duration, lower psychological distress and no history of workplace bullying. CONCLUSIONS Key factors associated with poorer work engagement in Malaysian employees include inadequate sleep, psychological distress and a history of workplace bullying. These are modifiable factors that individuals and employers can target to improve work engagement, ideally tailored according to occupational type.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M H Chan
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J E Wong
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - L H Wee
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N A Jamil
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - L L L Yeap
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y Swarna Nantha
- Monash University Malaysia, Clinical School Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - C S Siau
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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10
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Shortland ND, McGarry P, Thompson L, Stevens C, Alison LJ. The Effect of a 3-Minute Mindfulness Intervention, and the Mediating Role of Maximization, on Critical Incident Decision-Making. Front Psychol 2021; 12:674694. [PMID: 34122271 PMCID: PMC8194826 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.674694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we extend the impact of mindfulness to the concept of least-worst decision-making. Least-worst decisions involve high-uncertainty and require the individual to choose between a number of potentially negative courses of action. Research is increasingly exploring least-worst decisions, and real-world events (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) show the need for individuals to overcome uncertainty and commit to a least-worst course of action. From sports to business, researchers are increasingly showing that "being mindful" has a range of positive performance-related benefits. We hypothesized that mindfulness would improve least-worst decision-making because it would increase self-reflection and value identification. However, we also hypothesized that trait maximization (the tendency to attempt to choose the "best" course of action) would negatively interact with mindfulness. METHODS Three hundred and ninety-eight participants were recruited using Amazon MTurk and exposed to a brief mindfulness intervention or a control intervention (listening to an audiobook). After this intervention, participants completed the Least-Worst Uncertain Choice Inventory for Emergency Responders (LUCIFER). RESULTS As hypothesized, mindfulness increased decision-making speed and approach-tendencies. Conversely, for high-maximizers, increased mindfulness caused a slowing of the decision-making process and led to more avoidant choices. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the potential positive and negative consequences of mindfulness for least-worst decision-making, emphasizing the critical importance of individual differences when considering both the effect of mindfulness and interventions aimed at improving decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D. Shortland
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Presley McGarry
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Lisa Thompson
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Catherine Stevens
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Laurence J. Alison
- Centre for Critical and Major Incident Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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11
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Karl JA, Johnson FN, Bucci L, Fischer R. In search of mindfulness: a review and reconsideration of cultural dynamics from a cognitive perspective. J R Soc N Z 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2021.1915804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Alfons Karl
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Luisa Bucci
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ronald Fischer
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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12
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand how and why workplace mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs) work or do not work. DESIGN A realist review. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTION We considered any studies (experimental quasi-experimental, observational, qualitative and mixed-methods studies) of workplace MBPs as long as they provided data to explain our programme theories. All MBP formats and delivery modes were included. ANALYSIS Consistent with realist review methodology, we systematically screened and analysed data to explain how and why workplace MBPs work or do not work. These explanations were consolidated into a programme theory augmented by theories from organisational literature, such as conservation of resources theory. RESULTS Findings from 75 primary studies suggest that workplace MBPs enable participants (including healthcare professionals) to deal more skillfully with stressful events and improve their well-being. The mechanisms involved can be grouped around awareness/self-regulation, acceptance/compassion, feeling permitted to take care of self, sense of growth and promise of goal attainment. In order for professionals to invest in an MBP and benefit from it, it is important that they feel safe to engage with self-care at work and share emotional difficulties among peers. It is also important that employees are able to link the programme and its activities to existing goals and practices. Concerns of being non-productive, of not getting work done or of being exposed in front of colleagues can result in strategic use of brief mindfulness exercises, non-adherence or drop-out. CONCLUSIONS Simply offering an MBP to (healthcare) professionals in order to reduce stress and enhance well-being does not suffice. A supportive environment must exist in order for the programme's benefits to be reaped. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018086280.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Micklitz
- Evidence-Based Healthcare, Department of Continuing Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Geoff Wong
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy Howick
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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13
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Donaldson SI, Cabrera V, Gaffaney J. Following the Science to Generate Well-Being: Using the Highest-Quality Experimental Evidence to Design Interventions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:739352. [PMID: 34975628 PMCID: PMC8715916 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.739352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The second wave of devastating consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to dramatic declines in well-being. While much of the well-being literature is based on descriptive and correlational studies, this paper evaluates a growing body of causal evidence from high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that test the efficacy of positive psychology interventions (PPIs). This systematic review analyzed the findings from 25 meta-analyses, 42 review papers, and the high-quality RCTs of PPIs designed to generate well-being that were included within those studies. Findings reveal PPIs have the potential to generate well-being even during a global pandemic, with larger effect sizes in non-Western countries. Four exemplar PPIs-that have been tested with a high-quality RCT, have positive effects on well-being, and could be implemented during a global pandemic-are presented and discussed. Future efforts to generate well-being can build on this causal evidence and emulate the most efficacious PPIs to be as effective as possible at generating well-being. However, the four exemplars were only tested in WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, and Democratic) countries but seem promising for implementation and evaluation in non-WEIRD contexts. This review highlights the overall need for more rigorous research on PPIs with more diverse populations and in non-WEIRD contexts to ensure equitable access to effective interventions that generate well-being for all.
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14
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Fischer R, Bortolini T, Karl JA, Zilberberg M, Robinson K, Rabelo A, Gemal L, Wegerhoff D, Nguyễn TBT, Irving B, Chrystal M, Mattos P. Rapid Review and Meta-Meta-Analysis of Self-Guided Interventions to Address Anxiety, Depression, and Stress During COVID-19 Social Distancing. Front Psychol 2020; 11:563876. [PMID: 33192837 PMCID: PMC7655981 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.563876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a rapid review and quantitative summary of meta-analyses that have examined interventions which can be used by individuals during quarantine and social distancing to manage anxiety, depression, stress, and subjective well-being. A literature search yielded 34 meta-analyses (total number of studies k = 1,390, n = 145,744) that were summarized. Overall, self-guided interventions showed small to medium effects in comparison to control groups. In particular, self-guided therapeutic approaches (including cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness, and acceptance-based interventions), selected positive psychology interventions, and multi-component and activity-based interventions (music, physical exercise) showed promising evidence for effectiveness. Overall, self-guided interventions on average did not show the same degree of effectiveness as traditional guided individual or group therapies. There was no consistent evidence of dose effects, baseline differences, and differential effectiveness of eHealth interventions. More research on the effectiveness of interventions in diverse cultural settings is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Fischer
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa & Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Johannes Alfons Karl
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Kealagh Robinson
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Lucas Gemal
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa & Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Wegerhoff
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Thị Bảo Trâm Nguyễn
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Briar Irving
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Megan Chrystal
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Paulo Mattos
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa & Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Medical School, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Forjan DN, Tuckey MR, Li Y. Problem solving and affect as mechanisms linking daily mindfulness to task performance and job satisfaction. Stress Health 2020; 36:338-349. [PMID: 31957967 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the daily relationships between mindfulness and job satisfaction via affect and mindfulness and task performance via problem solving confidence. Participants were 57 full-time and part-time employees who completed a baseline survey and five daily diary entries. Data were analysed using multilevel modelling. On days when they experienced greater mindfulness, employees also experienced (a) greater daily job satisfaction via high-activation positive affect (but not low-activation positive affect nor negative affect) and (b) greater daily self-reported task performance via problem solving confidence. Our findings suggest that high-activation positive affect and problem solving confidence may be important daily mechanisms of mindfulness at work. Growing evidence links mindfulness to work-related outcomes; however, limited research has investigated the mechanisms involved. The present study is one of the first to collect empirical observations regarding how state mindfulness operates at work on a daily basis, providing support for both affective and cognitive pathways. Advances in this area can underpin a robust theoretical framework to guide the implementation of daily mindfulness practice and interventions targeting specific work-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Forjan
- Centre for Workplace Excellence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michelle R Tuckey
- Centre for Workplace Excellence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yiqiong Li
- UQ Business School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Quach JL, Deery B, Kern M, Clinton J, Gold L, Orsini F, Sciberras E. Can a teacher-led mindfulness intervention for new school entrants improve child outcomes? Protocol for a school cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036523. [PMID: 32393614 PMCID: PMC7223282 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The first years of school are critical in establishing a foundation for positive long-term academic, social and well-being outcomes. Mindfulness-based interventions may help students transition well into school, but few robust studies have been conducted in this age group. We aim to determine whether compared with controls, children who receive a mindfulness intervention within the first years of primary school have better: (1) immediate attention/short-term memory at 18 months post-randomisation (primary outcome); (2) inhibition, working memory and cognitive flexibility at 18 months post-randomisation; (3) socio-emotional well-being, emotion-regulation and mental health-related behaviours at 6 and 18 months post-randomisation; (4) sustained changes in teacher practice and classroom interactions at 18 months post-randomisation. Furthermore, we aim to determine whether the implementation predicts the efficacy of the intervention, and the cost effectiveness relative to outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This cluster randomised controlled trial will be conducted in 22 primary schools in disadvantaged areas of Melbourne, Australia. 826 students in the first year of primary school will be recruited to detect between groups differences of Cohen's d=0.25 at the 18-month follow-up. Parent, teacher and child-assessment measures of child attention, emotion-regulation, executive functioning, socio-emotional well-being, mental health-related behaviour and learning, parent mental well-being, teacher well-being will be collected 6 and 18 months post-randomisation. Implementation factors will be measured throughout the study. Intention-to-treat analyses, accounting for clustering within schools and classes, will adopt a two-level random effects linear regression model to examine outcomes for the intervention versus control students. Unadjusted and analyses adjusted for baseline scores, baseline age, gender and family socioeconomic status will be conducted. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been received by the Human Research Ethics Committee at the University of Melbourne. Findings will be reported in peer-review publications, national and international conference presentations and research snapshots directly provided to participating schools and families. PRE-RESULTS TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000326190).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon L Quach
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Deery
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margaret Kern
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Janet Clinton
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Gold
- Deakin Health Economics, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francesca Orsini
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Sciberras
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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Suleiman-Martos N, Gomez-Urquiza JL, Aguayo-Estremera R, Cañadas-De La Fuente GA, De La Fuente-Solana EI, Albendín-García L. The effect of mindfulness training on burnout syndrome in nursing: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:1124-1140. [PMID: 32026484 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To analyse the effect of mindfulness training on levels of burnout among nurses. BACKGROUND Burnout syndrome is a common occupational hazard for nursing staff. Mindfulness training has been proposed as a valid intervention for burnout. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES The CINAHL, LILACS, Medline, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Scielo and Scopus databases were consulted, using the search equation 'Nurs * AND burnout AND mindfulness'. There was no restriction on the year of publication. REVIEW METHODS Papers were selected for analysis in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The meta-analysis was carried out using Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS The sample was of 17 articles including 632 nurses. Mindfulness training reduces levels of burnout, producing lower scores for emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and higher for personal accomplishment. The differences in the means were 1.32 (95% CI: -9.41-6.78), 1.91 (95% CI: -4.50-0.68) and 2.12 (95% CI: -9.91-14.14), respectively, between the intervention and control groups. CONCLUSION Mindfulness training reduces the emotional burden and hence levels of burnout, among nurses. However, further randomized clinical trials are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raimundo Aguayo-Estremera
- Social Psychology, Social Work, Social Anthropology and Eastern Asia Studies Department, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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