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Tang C, Zhang K, Yu S, Guan H, Cao M, Zhang K, Pan Y, Zhang S, Sun X, Peng H. All-Metal Flexible Fiber by Continuously Assembling Nanowires for High Electrical Conductivity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2405000. [PMID: 39152934 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Fiber electronics booms as a new important field but is currently limited by the challenge of finding both highly flexible and conductive fiber electrodes. Here, all-metal fibers based on nanowires are discovered. Silver nanowires are continuously assembled into robust fibers by salt-induced aggregation and then firmly stabilized by plasmonic welding. The nanowire network structures provide them both high flexibility with moduli at the level of MPa and conductivities up to 106 S m-1. They also show excellent electrochemical properties such as low impedance and high electrochemically active surface area. Their stable chronic single-neuron recording is further demonstrated with good biocompatibility in vivo. These new fiber materials may provide more opportunities for the future development of fiber electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Kailin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Sihui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mingjie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - You Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Songlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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2
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Xiu Z, Sun J, Li X, Chen Y, Yan Y, Shao P, Li H, Ju B, Yang W, Chen G. Study on Mechanical and Electrical Properties of High Content CNTs/Cu Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3866. [PMID: 39124530 PMCID: PMC11313452 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
It is expected that composites made of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and copper (Cu) display both mechanical and electrical properties, but the low damage dispersion and high-quality composite of high-content CNTs have always been research difficulties. In this paper, high-content CNTs/Cu composites were prepared. The effects of the sintering method, sintering temperature, directional rolling and the CNTs' content on the relative density, hardness and electrical conductivity of the composites were studied. The uniform dispersion of high-content CNTs in Cu matrix was achieved by ball milling, sintering and rolling, and the processes did not cause more damage to the CNTs. The properties of composites prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and vacuum hot pressing sintering (HPS) were compared, and the optimum process parameters of SPS were determined. When the CNTs' content is 2 wt.%, the hardness is 134.9 HBW, which is still 2.3 times that of pure Cu, and the conductivity is the highest, reaching 78.4%IACS. This study provides an important reference for the high-quality preparation and performance evaluation of high-content CNTs/Cu composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China (W.Y.)
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China (W.Y.)
| | - Xiao Li
- Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics & Electricity, Beijing 100941, China
| | - Yihao Chen
- Feiteng Technology (Changsha) Co., Ltd., Changsha 410003, China
| | - Yue Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China (W.Y.)
| | - Puzhen Shao
- Zhejiang Academy of Special Equipment Science, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Haozhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China (W.Y.)
| | - Boyu Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China (W.Y.)
| | - Wenshu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China (W.Y.)
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guoqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China (W.Y.)
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3
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Chen X, Yang X, Han X, Ruan Z, Xu J, Huang F, Zhang K. Advanced Thermoelectric Textiles for Power Generation: Principles, Design, and Manufacturing. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2024; 8:2300023. [PMID: 38356682 PMCID: PMC10862169 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Self-powered wearable thermoelectric (TE) devices significantly reduce the inconvenience caused to users, especially in daily use of portable devices and monitoring personal health. The textile-based TE devices (TETs) exhibit the excellent flexibility, deformability, and light weight, which fulfill demands of long-term wearing for the human body. In comparison to traditional TE devices with their longstanding research history, TETs are still in an initial stage of growth. In recent years, TETs to provide electricity for low-power wearable electronics have attracted increasing attention. This review summarizes the recent progress of TETs from the points of selecting TE materials, scalable fabrication methods of TE fibers/yarns and TETs, structure design of TETs and reported high-performance TETs. The key points to develop TETs with outstanding TE properties and mechanical performance and better than available optimization strategies are discussed. Furthermore, remaining challenges and perspectives of TETs are also proposed to suggest practical applications for heat harvesting from human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| | - Xiaona Yang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| | - Xue Han
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| | - Zuping Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| | - Jinchuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| | - Fuli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
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Shi HL, Shi QQ, Zhan H, Ai JJ, Chen YT, Wang JN. High-Strength Carbon Nanotube Fibers from Purity Control by Atomized Catalytic Pyrolysis and Alignment Improvement by Continuous Large Prestraining. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37987831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Transferring the high strength of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to macroscopic fibers is still a major technical challenge. In this study, CNT fibers are wound from a hollow cylindrical assembly. In particular, atomized catalytic pyrolysis is utilized to produce the fiber and control its purity. The pristine fiber is then continuously prestrained to have a highly aligned structure for subsequent full densification. Experimental measurements show that the final fiber possesses a high tensile strength (8.0 GPa), specific strength (5.54 N tex-1 (tex: the weight (g) of a fiber of 1 km long)), Young's modulus (350 GPa), and elongation at break (4%). Such an excellent combination is superior to that of any other existing fiber and attributed to the efficient stress transfer among the highly aligned and packed CNTs. Our study provides a new strategy involving atomized catalysis for developing superstrong CNT assemblies such as fibers and films for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang Shi
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiang Qiang Shi
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hang Zhan
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jin Jin Ai
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Ting Chen
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Nong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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5
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Totah HS, Moujdin IA, Abulkhair HA, Albeirutty M. Influence of Inner Gas Curing Technique on the Development of Thermoplastic Nanocomposite Reinforcement. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7179. [PMID: 38005108 PMCID: PMC10672929 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a comprehensive shrinkage and tensile strength characterization of unsaturated polyester (UPE-8340) and vinyl ester (VE-922) epoxy matrices and composites reinforced with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was conducted. The aspect ratio of UPE and VE with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) was kept at 1:16.6; however, the weight of the MWCNTs was varied from 0.03 to 0.3 gm for the doping of the reinforced nanocomposites. Using a dumbbell-shaped mold, samples of the epoxy matrix without MWCNTs and with reinforced UPE/MWCNT and VE/MWCNT nanocomposites were made. The samples were then cured in a typical ambient chamber with air and an inner gas (carbon dioxide). The effect of the MWCNTs on UPE- and VE-reinforced composites was studied by observing the curing kinetics, shrinkage, and tensile properties, as well as the surface free energy of each reinforced sample in confined saline water. The CO2 curing results reveal that the absence of O2 shows a significantly lower shrinkage rate and higher tensile strength and flexural modulus of UPE- and VE-reinforced nanocomposite samples compared with air-cured reinforced nanocomposites. The construction that was air- and CO2-cured produced results in the shape of a dumbbell, and a flawless surface was seen. The results also show that smaller quantities of MWCNTs made the UPET- and VE-reinforced nanocomposites more stable when they were absorbed and adsorbed in concentrated salt water. Perhaps, compared to air-cured nanocomposites, CO2-cured UPE and VE nanocomposites were better at reducing shrinkage, having important mechanical properties, absorbing water, and being resistant to seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam Saber Totah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal Ahmed Moujdin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Abdulelah Abulkhair
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Albeirutty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Chen C, Feng J, Li J, Guo Y, Shi X, Peng H. Functional Fiber Materials to Smart Fiber Devices. Chem Rev 2023; 123:613-662. [PMID: 35977344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The development of fiber materials has accompanied the evolution of human civilization for centuries. Recent advances in materials science and chemistry offered fibers new applications with various functions, including energy harvesting, energy storing, displaying, health monitoring and treating, and computing. The unique one-dimensional shape of fiber devices endows them advantages to work as human-interfaced electronics due to the small size, lightweight, flexibility, and feasibility for integration into large-scale textile systems. In this review, we first present a discussion of the basics of fiber materials and the design principles of fiber devices, followed by a comprehensive analysis on recently developed fiber devices. Finally, we provide the current challenges facing this field and give an outlook on future research directions. With novel fiber devices and new applications continuing to be discovered after two decades of research, we envision that new fiber devices could have an important impact on our life in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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7
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Choi GM, Lee HS. Excluded Volume Effect on the Extensional Rheology of Carbon Nanotubes: A Mesoscopic Theory. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Min Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK-21 Four Graduate Program), Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Sang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK-21 Four Graduate Program), Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
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8
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Zhu Y, Yue H, Aslam MJ, Bai Y, Zhu Z, Wei F. Controllable Preparation and Strengthening Strategies towards High-Strength Carbon Nanotube Fibers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3478. [PMID: 36234606 PMCID: PMC9565896 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with superior mechanical properties are expected to play a role in the next generation of critical engineering mechanical materials. Crucial advances have been made in CNTs, as it has been reported that the tensile strength of defect-free CNTs and carbon nanotube bundles can approach the theoretical limit. However, the tensile strength of macro carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) is far lower than the theoretical level. Although some reviews have summarized the development of such fiber materials, few of them have focused on the controllable preparation and performance optimization of high-strength CNTFs at different scales. Therefore, in this review, we will analyze the characteristics and latest challenges of multiscale CNTFs in preparation and strength optimization. First, the structure and preparation of CNTs are introduced. Then, the preparation methods and tensile strength characteristics of CNTFs at different scales are discussed. Based on the analysis of tensile fracture, we summarize some typical strategies for optimizing tensile performance around defect and tube-tube interaction control. Finally, we introduce some emerging applications for CNTFs in mechanics. This review aims to provide insights and prospects for the controllable preparation of CNTFs with ultra-high tensile strength for emerging cutting-edge applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongjie Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid Aslam
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunxiang Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Wen Y, Jian M, Huang J, Luo J, Qian L, Zhang J. Carbonene Fibers: Toward Next-Generation Fiber Materials. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6035-6047. [PMID: 35852935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of human society has set unprecedented demands for advanced fiber materials, such as lightweight and high-performance fibers for reinforcement of composite materials in frontier fields and functional and intelligent fibers in wearable electronics. Carbonene materials composed of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms have been demonstrated to be ideal building blocks for advanced fiber materials, which are referred to as carbonene fibers. Carbonene fibers that generally include pristine carbonene fibers, composite carbonene fibers, and carbonene-modified fibers hold great promise in transferring the extraordinary properties of nanoscale carbonene materials to macroscopic applications. Herein, we give a comprehensive discussion on the conception, classification, and design strategies of carbonene fibers and then summarize recent progress regarding the preparations and applications of carbonene fibers. Finally, we provide insights into developing lightweight, high-performance, functional, and intelligent carbonene fibers for next-generation fiber materials in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Wen
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
| | - Muqiang Jian
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiankun Huang
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Qian
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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10
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Analysis of Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in m-Cresol. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113777. [PMID: 35683073 PMCID: PMC9181108 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the dispersion state of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in m-cresol using dispersion stability analysis, optical microscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The high dispersion stability of CNT/m-cresol dispersion was observed when it was sufficiently treated with ultrasonication. Despite the high dispersion stability, optical microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy analysis of various CNT/m-cresol dispersions revealed that CNT bundles in m-cresol were not dispersed into individual CNTs. We also propose that the blue-shift of the G peak of CNTs in m-cresol in the Raman spectrum, which had been reported as evidence of the formation of the charge-transfer complex between m-cresol and CNTs, is rather attributed to the interference of m-cresol’s inherent peak at around 1600 cm−1.
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11
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Bulmer JS, Kaniyoor A, Elliott JA. A Meta-Analysis of Conductive and Strong Carbon Nanotube Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008432. [PMID: 34278614 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A study of 1304 data points collated over 266 papers statistically evaluates the relationships between carbon nanotube (CNT) material characteristics, including: electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties; ampacity; density; purity; microstructure alignment; molecular dimensions and graphitic perfection; and doping. Compared to conductive polymers and graphitic intercalation compounds, which have exceeded the electrical conductivity of copper, CNT materials are currently one-sixth of copper's conductivity, mechanically on-par with synthetic or carbon fibers, and exceed all the other materials in terms of a multifunctional metric. Doped, aligned few-wall CNTs (FWCNTs) are the most superior CNT category; from this, the acid-spun fiber subset are the most conductive, and the subset of fibers directly spun from floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition are strongest on a weight basis. The thermal conductivity of multiwall CNT material rivals that of FWCNT materials. Ampacity follows a diameter-dependent power-law from nanometer to millimeter scales. Undoped, aligned FWCNT material reaches the intrinsic conductivity of CNT bundles and single-crystal graphite, illustrating an intrinsic limit requiring doping for copper-level conductivities. Comparing an assembly of CNTs (forming mesoscopic bundles, then macroscopic material) to an assembly of graphene (forming single-crystal graphite crystallites, then carbon fiber), the ≈1 µm room-temperature, phonon-limited mean-free-path shared between graphene, metallic CNTs, and activated semiconducting CNTs is highlighted, deemphasizing all metallic helicities for CNT power transmission applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Bulmer
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Adarsh Kaniyoor
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - James A Elliott
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
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12
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Zhang M, Wang S, Zhu Y, Zhu Z, Si T, Xu RX. Programmable dynamic interfacial spinning of bioinspired microfibers with volumetric encoding. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1756-1768. [PMID: 34846505 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00125f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While artificially encoded microfibers inspired by biosynthetic fibrous microstructures are drawing considerable research attention, their practical applications are hindered by multiple limitations. Here, a programmable dynamic interfacial spinning (DIS) process is proposed for producing volume-encoded microfibers with superior encoding capacity and reliability. The produced microfibers comprise a sheath of deformed hydrogel encapsulating sequentially aligned droplets, with their morphologies controllable by adjusting the flow rates of the corresponding fluids and the vibration parameters of the spinning nozzle. In particular, microfibers with volumetric encoding of inner droplet sequence are constructed for information storage and encryption. With appropriate functionalization of volume-encoded microfibers, we have also demonstrated magnetic guidance and selective activation to simulate intravascular drug delivery. Our study implies the potential applications of the volume-encoded microfibers in information communication, drug delivery and biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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13
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Shin H, Eom W, Lee KH, Jeong W, Kang DJ, Han TH. Highly Electroconductive and Mechanically Strong Ti 3C 2T x MXene Fibers Using a Deformable MXene Gel. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3320-3329. [PMID: 33497182 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of two-dimensional MXene sheets is used in various fields to create multiscale structures due to their electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. In principle, MXene nanosheets are assembled by molecular interactions, including hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and van der Waals forces. This study describes how MXene colloid nanosheets can form self-supporting MXene hydrogels. Three-dimensional network structures of MXene gels are strengthened by reinforced electrostatic interactions between nanosheets. Stable gel networks are beneficial for fabricating highly aligned fibers because MXene gel can endure structural deformation. During wet spinning of highly concentrated MXene colloids in a coagulation bath, MXene sheets can be transformed into perfectly aligned fibers under a mechanical drawing force. Oriented MXene fibers exhibit a 1.5-fold increase in electrical conductivity (12 504 S cm-1) and Young's modulus (122 GPa) compared with other fibers. The oriented MXene fibers are expected to have widespread applications, including electrical wiring and signal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwansoo Shin
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonsik Eom
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Lee
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Jeong
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kang
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hee Han
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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14
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Park KT, Lee T, Ko Y, Cho YS, Park CR, Kim H. High-Performance Thermoelectric Fabric Based on a Stitched Carbon Nanotube Fiber. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6257-6264. [PMID: 33508940 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous development of flexible and wearable thermoelectric generators (TEGs), high-performance materials and their integration into convenient wearable devices have to be considered. Herein, we have demonstrated highly aligned wet-spun carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers by optimizing the liquid crystalline (LC) phase via hydrochloric acid purification. The liquid crystalline phase facilitates better alignment of CNTs during fiber extrusion, resulting in the high power factor of 2619 μW m-1 K-2, which surpasses those of the dry-spun CNT yarns. A flexible all-carbon TEG was fabricated by stitching a single CNT fiber and doping selected segments into n-type by simple injection doping. The flexible TEG shows the maximum output power densities of 1.9 mW g-1 and 10.3 mW m-2 at ΔT = 30 K. Furthermore, the flexible TEG was developed into a prototype watch-strap TEG, demonstrating easy wearability and direct harvesting of body heat into electrical energy. Combining high-performance materials with scalable fabrication methods ensures the great potential for flexible/or wearable TEGs to be utilized as future power-conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Tae Park
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taemin Lee
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngpyo Ko
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Shik Cho
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Rae Park
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesuk Kim
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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15
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Yu C, An J, Zhou R, Xu H, Zhou J, Chen Q, Sun G, Huang W. Microstructure Design of Carbonaceous Fibers: A Promising Strategy toward High-Performance Weaveable/Wearable Supercapacitors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000653. [PMID: 32432831 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-based supercapacitors (FSCs) possess great potential as an ideal type of power source for future weaveable/wearable electronics and electronic-textiles. The performance of FSCs is, without doubt, primarily determined by the properties of fibrous electrodes. Carbonaceous fibers, e.g., commercial carbon fibers, newly developed graphene fibers, and carbon nanotube fibers, are deemed as promising materials for weaveable/wearable supercapacitors owing to their exotic properties including high tensile strength and robustness, excellent electrical conductivity, good flexibility, and environmental stability. Nevertheless, bare carbonaceous fiber normally exhibits low capacitance originating from electric double-layer capacitance, which remains unsatisfactory for efficiently powering wearable and portable devices. Numerous efforts have been devoted to tailoring fiber properties by hybridizing pseudocapacitive materials, and impressive progress has been achieved thus far. Herein, the microstructures of pristine carbonaceous fibers are introduced in detail, and the recent advances in rational nano/microstructure design of their hybrids, which provides the feasibility to achieve the synergistic interaction between conductive agents and pseudocapacitive nanomaterials but are normally overlooked, are comprehensively reviewed. Besides, the challenges in developing high-performance fibrous electrodes are also elaborately discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jianing An
- Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Ruicong Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hai Xu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jinyuan Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, P. R. China
| | - Gengzhi Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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16
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Wu J, Wang Z, Liu W, Wang L, Xu F. Bioinspired Superelastic Electroconductive Fiber for Wearable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:44735-44741. [PMID: 31663339 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Electroconductive fibers (E-fibers) with excellent flexibility and elasticity are crucial for the advancement of smart textiles for wearable electronics. However, the current metal-based conductive wires are not capable of satisfying the practical demands attributing to their limited stretchability and inferior antiabrasion ability. Herein, we report a superelastic and electroconductive fiber with a spring-like structure, inspired by the unique coiled tendril structures of climbing plants. The E-fiber is constructed by wrapping a flexible yet conductive carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane (CNT/PDMS) composite yarn onto a polyester filament. In this system, the polyester filament provides mechanical robustness and stretchability, while the coiled CNT/PDMS composite yarn (C/P CY) offers sufficient conductivity. Notably, the as-fabricated E-fiber possesses high stretchability (165%), exceptional tensile force (660 cN), extraordinary antiabrasion ability, and remarkable electrical stability under various deformations. In addition, the great air permeability and electrothermal stability are also achieved, which are essential for comfortable wear and steady conduction. The developed E-fiber based on CNT composite wrapping yarn, together with its exceptional mechanical and electrical performance, provides the material with promising prospects for practical applications in wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Liu
- College of Fashion Technology , Shanghai University of Engineering Science , Shanghai 201620 , P. R. China
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17
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Goh GL, Agarwala S, Yeong WY. Aerosol-Jet-Printed Preferentially Aligned Carbon Nanotube Twin-Lines for Printed Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019. [PMID: 31660713 DOI: 10.1002/admi.201801318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The alignment of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is of great importance for the fabrication of high-speed electronic devices such as a transistor as the electron mobilities can be greatly enhanced with aligned CNT architectures. Here, we report, for the first time, a methodology to obtain preferentially aligned CNT traces on a flexible polyimide substrate utilizing the high-resolution aerosol jet printing technique and evaporation-driven self-assembly process. A self-assembled twin-line of CNT ("coffee-ring" effect) is observed in the deposit patterns, and the field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images reveal highly self-ordered CNT in the resulting CNT twin-line. Various aerosol jet parameters have been investigated to obtain printed tracks in the range of 30-80 μm and conductive tracks (single CNT twin-line width) in the range of 600-1500 nm. The smallest CNT twin-line obtained in this experiment is found to be approximately 16 μm using a suitable sheath-to-atomizer flow ratio. Image analysis of FESEM images confirms the formation of aligned CNT traces at the ink periphery. The effect of the line width on the degree of alignment of the CNT is studied and evaluated. The electrical resistance of the CNT trace is adjustable by controlling the number of print passes and print speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Liang Goh
- Singapore Center for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798
| | - Shweta Agarwala
- Department of Engineering , Aarhus University , 8200 Aarhus N , Denmark
| | - Wai Yee Yeong
- Singapore Center for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798
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18
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Lee T, Park KT, Ku BC, Kim H. Carbon nanotube fibers with enhanced longitudinal carrier mobility for high-performance all-carbon thermoelectric generators. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16919-16927. [PMID: 31490468 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05757a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in practical interest in flexible thermoelectric (TE) generators, the demand for high-performance alternatives to brittle TE materials is growing. Herein, we have demonstrated wet-spun CNT fibers with high TE performance by systematically controlling the longitudinal carrier mobility without a significant change in the carrier concentration. The carrier mobility optimized by CNT alignment increases the electrical conductivity without decreasing the thermopower, thus improving the power factor. On further adjusting the charge carriers via mild annealing, the CNT fibers exhibit a high power factor of 432 μW m-1 K-2. Based on the excellent TE performance and shape advantages for modular design of the CNT fiber, the all-carbon based flexible TE generator without an additional metal electrode has been fabricated. The flexible TE generator based on 40 pairs of p- and n-type CNT fibers shows the maximum power density of 15.4 and 259 μW g-1 at temperature differences (ΔT) of 5 and 20 K, respectively, currently one of the highest values reported for TE generators based on flexible materials. The strategy proposed here can improve the performance of flexible TE fibers by optimizing the carrier mobility without a change in the carrier concentration, and shows great potential for flexible TE generators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taemin Lee
- Photo-electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea.
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19
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Meng S, Kong T, Ma W, Wang H, Zhang H. 2D Crystal-Based Fibers: Status and Challenges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902691. [PMID: 31410999 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
2D crystals are emerging new materials in multidisciplinary fields including condensed state physics, electronics, energy, environmental engineering, and biomedicine. To employ 2D crystals for practical applications, these nanoscale crystals need to be processed into macroscale materials, such as suspensions, fibers, films, and 3D macrostructures. Among these macromaterials, fibers are flexible, knittable, and easy to use, which can fully reflect the advantages of the structure and properties of 2D crystals. Therefore, the fabrication and application of 2D crystal-based fibers is of great importance for expanding the impact of 2D crystals. In this Review, 2D crystals that are successfully prepared are overviewed based on their composition of elements. Subsequently, methods for preparing 2D crystals, 2D crystals dispersions, and 2D crystal-based fibers are systematically introduced. Then, the applications of 2D crystal-based fibers, such as flexible electronic devices, high-efficiency catalysis, and adsorption, are also discussed. Finally, the status-of-quo, perspectives, and future challenges of 2D crystal-based fibers are summarized. This Review provides directions and guidelines for developing new 2D crystal-based fibers and exploring their potentials in the fields of smart wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Meng
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- China and Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wujun Ma
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Huide Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- China and Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- China and Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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20
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Perspectives in Liquid-Crystal-Aided Nanotechnology and Nanoscience. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9122512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The research field of liquid crystals and their applications is recently changing from being largely focused on display applications and optical shutter elements in various fields, to quite novel and diverse applications in the area of nanotechnology and nanoscience. Functional nanoparticles have recently been used to a significant extent to modify the physical properties of liquid crystals by the addition of ferroelectric and magnetic particles of different shapes, such as arbitrary and spherical, rods, wires and discs. Also, particles influencing optical properties are increasingly popular, such as quantum dots, plasmonic, semiconductors and metamaterials. The self-organization of liquid crystals is exploited to order templates and orient nanoparticles. Similarly, nanoparticles such as rods, nanotubes and graphene oxide are shown to form lyotropic liquid crystal phases in the presence of isotropic host solvents. These effects lead to a wealth of novel applications, many of which will be reviewed in this publication.
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21
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One-step Production of Continuous Supercapacitor Fibers for a Flexible Power Textile. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Bai Y, Shen B, Zhang S, Zhu Z, Sun S, Gao J, Li B, Wang Y, Zhang R, Wei F. Storage of Mechanical Energy Based on Carbon Nanotubes with High Energy Density and Power Density. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1800680. [PMID: 30357976 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Energy storage in a proper form is an important way to meet the fast increase in the demand for energy. Among the strategies for storing energy, storage of mechanical energy via suitable media is widely utilized by human beings. With a tensile strength over 100 GPa, and a Young's modulus over 1 TPa, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as one of the strongest materials ever found and exhibit overwhelming advantages for storing mechanical energy. For example, the tensile-strain energy density of CNTs is as high as 1125 Wh kg-1 . In addition, CNTs also exhibit great potential for fabricating flywheels to store kinetic energy with both high energy density (8571 Wh kg-1 ) and high power density (2 MW kg-1 to 2 GW kg-1 ). Here, an overview of some typical mechanical-energy-storage systems and materials is given. Then, theoretical and experimental studies on the mechanical properties of CNTs and CNT assemblies are introduced. Afterward, the strategies for utilizing CNTs to store mechanical energy are discussed. In addition, macroscale production of CNTs is summarized. Finally, future trends and prospects in the development of CNTs used as mechanical-energy-storage materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Boyuan Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shenli Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Silei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Banghao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rufan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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23
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Ren X, Turcheniuk K, Lewis D, Fu W, Magasinski A, Schauer MW, Yushin G. Iron Phosphate Coated Flexible Carbon Nanotube Fabric as a Multifunctional Cathode for Na-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703425. [PMID: 29498215 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional slurry casted electrodes cannot stand high loads or be repeatedly flexed or bent without being fractured, which inhibits their use in flexible batteries. Carbon nanotube (CNT) fabric exhibits a paramount mechanical stability and, due to its porosity, can additionally accommodate an active material within its structure. While solution-based protocols cannot achieve conformal coatings of active materials, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) gives a unique opportunity to control and vary the thickness and homogeneity of the coating. Herein, a conformal CVD coating of amorphous iron (III) phosphate (a-FePO4 , FP) on flexible CNT fabric and its ability to reversibly accommodate large radius Na ions is reported. The freestanding binder-free CNT@FP electrodes exhibit high-rate capabilities and exceptional cycle stabilities with 98% of retention of initial capacity after 100 cycles. Such electrodes additionally demonstrate high mechanical stability under high loads, remarkable bending characteristics, and modulus of toughness (12 MJ m-3 ) exceeding that of Al. The presented concept of flexible CNT@FePO4 electrodes with high load-bearing characteristics opens new perspectives toward the formation of light-weight, flexible, multifunctional Na-ion battery electrodes based on abundant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P.R. China
| | - Kostiantyn Turcheniuk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Daniel Lewis
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Wenbin Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Alexandre Magasinski
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | | | - Gleb Yushin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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24
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Enhanced skeletal muscle formation on microfluidic spun gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) fibres using surface patterning and agrin treatment. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:2151-2163. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Chang C, Zhao Y, Liu Y, An L. Liquid crystallinity of carbon nanotubes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:15780-15795. [PMID: 35539493 PMCID: PMC9080064 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00879e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we first briefly recapitulate the orientation characteristics of liquid crystalline carbon nanotubes (CNTs), emphasizing their inherent properties. Both the high Young's modulus and the strong attractive interaction between them make the liquid crystallinity apt to show splay deformations (splay defects). It is these defects that often produce apparent low-order structures for long and deformed nanotubes. However, the application of doping, shearing, magnetic or electric fields will be efficient routes toward highly ordered CNT assemblies from such defects. Then, we describe the electrical behavior of CNTs in the electric field, which combines desirable features of the CNTS with those of classical liquid crystals (LCs). An electric field will generate an induced dipole moment on CNTs and align them in the field direction, minimizing the dipolar energy. Finally, we review the potential application of CNTs in the area of liquid crystal displays (LCD). In the LC cell unit, CNTs as dopants in LC layers can have compatible stability with LCs, with the orientation consistent and with surprising complementary advantages. And also CNT films as nanostructured electrodes can substitute ITO electrodes in the LC cell unit, exhibiting a strong electrical anisotropy due to their excellent axial conductivity. Furthermore, CNT films as an alignment layer have the potential to replace the traditional PI film, aligning LC molecules effectively along the direction of the nanotubes. Besides, CNTs acting as polarizers can absorb or transmit incident light when the electric vector propagates parallel or perpendicular to the nanotube axis. All of these applications demonstrate that CNTs in LC ordering will effectively improve the performance of materials and their related devices. Thus, we should improve the ordering of CNT assemblies as far as possible, which is critical to make full use of their exceptional axial properties and further to develop novel materials and applications successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrui Chang
- North China University of Science and Technology, College of Science Tangshan 063009 China +86 18032513036
| | - Ying Zhao
- Hebei Milestone Electronic Material Limited Company, Research and Development Department of Liquid Crystal Mixture Shijiazhuang 050600 China
| | - Ying Liu
- North China University of Science and Technology, College of Science Tangshan 063009 China +86 18032513036
| | - Libao An
- North China University of Science and Technology, College of Mechanical Engineering Tangshan 063009 China
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26
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Evora MC, Lu X, Hiremath N, Kang NG, Hong K, Uribe R, Bhat G, Mays J. Single-step process to improve the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube yarn. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:545-554. [PMID: 29527431 PMCID: PMC5827762 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns exhibit low tensile strength compared to conventional high-performance carbon fibers due to the facile sliding of CNTs past one another. Electron beam (e-beam) irradiation was employed for in a single-step surface modification of CNTs to improve the mechanical properties of this material. To this end, CNT yarns were simultaneously functionalized and crosslinked using acrylic acid (AA) and acrylonitrile (AN) in an e-beam irradiation process. The chemical modification of CNT yarns was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The best improvement in mechanical properties was achieved on a sample treated with an aqueous solution of AA and subsequent irradiation. CNT yarn treatment with AA enhanced the strength (444.5 ± 68.4 MPa) by more than 75% and the modulus (21.5 ± 0.6 GPa) by more than 144% as compared to untreated CNT yarn (strength 251 ± 26.5 MPa and modulus 8.8 ± 1.2 GPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecilia Evora
- Institute for Advanced Studies- IEAV/DCTA, São Jose dos Campos, SP 12228, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Xinyi Lu
- Department of Chemistry- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Nitilaksha Hiremath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Nam-Goo Kang
- Department of Chemistry- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Roberto Uribe
- College of Applied Engineering, Sustainability and Technology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Gajanan Bhat
- Fibers and textiles Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jimmy Mays
- Department of Chemistry- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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27
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Lan W, Du Y, Guo X, Liu A, Jing S, Li S. Flexible Microfluidic Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymer Microfibers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Lan
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yinjie Du
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xuqiang Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Aixian Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Shan Jing
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Yadav MD, Dasgupta K, Patwardhan AW, Joshi JB. High Performance Fibers from Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Composites—A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manishkumar D. Yadav
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Kinshuk Dasgupta
- Materials
Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Ashwin W. Patwardhan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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29
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Slattery AD, Shearer CJ, Shapter JG, Quinton JS, Gibson CT. Solution Based Methods for the Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Modified Atomic Force Microscopy Probes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E346. [PMID: 29068385 PMCID: PMC5707563 DOI: 10.3390/nano7110346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
High aspect ratio carbon nanotubes are ideal candidates to improve the resolution and lifetime of atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes. Here, we present simple methods for the preparation of carbon nanotube modified AFM probes utilising solvent evaporation or dielectrophoresis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the modified probes shows that the carbon nanotubes attach to the probe apex as fibres and display a high aspect ratio. Many of the probes made in this manner were initially found to exhibit anomalous feedback characteristics during scanning, which rendered them unsuitable for imaging. However, we further developed and demonstrated a simple method to stabilise the carbon nanotube fibres by scanning with high force in tapping mode, which either shortens or straightens the carbon fibre, resulting in stable and high quality imaging AFM imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D Slattery
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
- Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Cameron J Shearer
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Jamie S Quinton
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Christopher T Gibson
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
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30
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Kou L, Liu Y, Zhang C, Shao L, Tian Z, Deng Z, Gao C. A Mini Review on Nanocarbon-Based 1D Macroscopic Fibers: Assembly Strategies and Mechanical Properties. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2017; 9:51. [PMID: 30393746 PMCID: PMC6199052 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-017-0151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have been attached much attention by scientific and industrial community. As two representative nanocarbon materials, one-dimensional CNTs and two-dimensional graphene both possess remarkable mechanical properties. In the past years, a large amount of work have been done by using CNTs or graphene as building blocks for constructing novel, macroscopic, mechanically strong fibrous materials. In this review, we summarize the assembly approaches of CNT-based fibers and graphene-based fibers in chronological order, respectively. The mechanical performances of these fibrous materials are compared, and the critical influences on the mechanical properties are discussed. Personal perspectives on the fabrication methods of CNT- and graphene-based fibers are further presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kou
- Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Technology Institute Co., Ltd, 2 Jinye Road 1, Xi’an, 710070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Technology Institute Co., Ltd, 2 Jinye Road 1, Xi’an, 710070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Shao
- Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Technology Institute Co., Ltd, 2 Jinye Road 1, Xi’an, 710070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanyuan Tian
- Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Technology Institute Co., Ltd, 2 Jinye Road 1, Xi’an, 710070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengshe Deng
- Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Technology Institute Co., Ltd, 2 Jinye Road 1, Xi’an, 710070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 People’s Republic of China
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31
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He N, Pan Q, Liu Y, Gao W. Graphene-Fiber-Based Supercapacitors Favor N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone/Ethyl Acetate as the Spinning Solvent/Coagulant Combination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:24568-24576. [PMID: 28661648 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional flexible fiber supercapacitors (FSCs) have attracted great interest as promising energy-storage units that can be seamlessly incorporated into textiles via weaving, knitting, or braiding. The major challenges in this field are to develop tougher and more efficient FSCs with a relatively easy and scalable process. Here, we demonstrate a wet-spinning process to produce graphene oxide (GO) fibers from GO dispersions in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), with ethyl acetate as the coagulant. Upon chemical reduction of GO, the resulting NMP-based reduced GO (rGO) fibers (rGO@NMP-Fs) are twice as high in the surface area and toughness but comparable in tensile strength and conductivity as that of the water-based rGO fibers (rGO@H2O-Fs). When assembled into parallel FSCs, rGO@NMP-F-based supercapacitors (rGO@NMP-FSCs) offered a specific capacitance of 196.7 F cm-3 (147.5 mF cm-2), five times higher than that of rGO@H2O-F-based supercapacitors (rGO@H2O-FSCs) and also higher than most existing wet-spun rGO-FSCs, as well as those FSCs built with metal wires, graphene/carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers, or even pseudocapacitive materials. In addition, our rGO@NMP-FSCs can provide good bending and cycling stability. The energy density of our rGO@NMP-FSCs reaches ca. 6.8 mWh cm-3, comparable to that of a Li thin-film battery (4 V/500 μAh).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanfei He
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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32
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Lu Z, Chao Y, Ge Y, Foroughi J, Zhao Y, Wang C, Long H, Wallace GG. High-performance hybrid carbon nanotube fibers for wearable energy storage. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:5063-5071. [PMID: 28265639 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00408g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wearable energy storage devices are of practical interest, but few have been commercially exploited. Production of electrodes with extended cycle life, as well as high energy and power densities, coupled with flexibility, remains a challenge. Herein, we have demonstrated the development of a high-performance hybrid carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber-based supercapacitor for the first time using conventional wet-spinning processes. Manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoflakes were deposited onto the as-prepared CNT fibers by electrodeposition to form highly flexible nanocomposites fibers. As-prepared fibers were characterized by electron microscopy, electrical, mechanical, and electrochemical measurements. It was found that the specific capacitance was over 152 F g-1 (156 F cm-3), which is about 500% higher than the multi-walled carbon nanotube/MnO2 yarn-based supercapacitors. The measured energy density was 14.1 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 202 W kg-1. These values are 232% and 32% higher than the energy density and power density of MWNT/MnO2 yarn-based supercapacitor, respectively. It was found that the cyclic retention ability was more stable, revealing a 16% increase after 10 000 cycles. Such substantial enhancements of key properties of the hybrid material can be associated with the synergy of CNT and MnO2 nanoparticles in the fiber structure. The use of wet-spun hybrid CNT for fiber-based supercapacitors has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Lu
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, China
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33
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Hossain MM, Islam MA, Shima H, Hasan M, Lee M. Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes in Carbon Nanotube Fibers Through Nanoparticles: A Route for Controlling Mechanical and Electrical Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:5530-5542. [PMID: 28106367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study that describes how semiconducting ZnO can act as an alignment agent in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fibers. Because of the alignment of CNTs through the ZnO nanoparticles linking groups, the CNTs inside the fibers were equally distributed by the attraction of bonding forces into sheetlike bunches, such that any applied mechanical breaking load was equally distributed to each CNT inside the fiber, making them mechanically robust against breaking loads. Although semiconductive ZnO nanoparticles were used here, the electrical conductivity of the aligned CNT fiber was comparable to bare CNT fibers, suggesting that the total electron movement through the CNTs inside the aligned CNT fiber is not disrupted by the insulating behavior of ZnO nanoparticles. A high degree of control over the electrical conductivity was also demonstrated by the ZnO nanoparticles, working as electron movement bridges between CNTs in the longitudinal and crosswise directions. Well-organized surface interface chemistry was also observed, which supports the notion of CNT alignment inside the fibers. This research represents a new area of surface interface chemistry for interfacially linked CNTs and ZnO nanomaterials with improved mechanical properties and electrical conductivity within aligned CNT fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Akherul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science & Technology , Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Hossain Shima
- Department of Chemistry, Rajshahi Univesity , Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mudassir Hasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Khalid University , Abha 61411, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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34
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Zhou G, Byun JH, Oh Y, Jung BM, Cha HJ, Seong DG, Um MK, Hyun S, Chou TW. Highly Sensitive Wearable Textile-Based Humidity Sensor Made of High-Strength, Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Filaments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:4788-4797. [PMID: 28098454 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Textile-based humidity sensors can be an important component of smart wearable electronic-textiles and have potential applications in the management of wounds, bed-wetting, and skin pathologies or for microclimate control in clothing. Here, we report a wearable textile-based humidity sensor for the first time using high strength (∼750 MPa) and ultratough (energy-to-break, 4300 J g-1) SWCNT/PVA filaments via a wet-spinning process. The conductive SWCNT networks in the filaments can be modulated by adjusting the intertube distance by swelling the PVA molecular chains via the absorption of water molecules. The diameter of a SWCNT/PVA filament under wet conditions can be as much as 2 times that under dry conditions. The electrical resistance of a fiber sensor stitched onto a hydrophobic textile increases significantly (by more than 220 times) after water sprayed. Textile-based humidity sensors using a 1:5 weight ratio of SWCNT/PVA filaments showed high sensitivity in high relative humidity. The electrical resistance increases by more than 24 times in a short response time of 40 s. We also demonstrated that our sensor can be used to monitor water leakage on a high hydrophobic textile (contact angle of 115.5°). These smart textiles will pave a new way for the design of novel wearable sensors for monitoring blood leakage, sweat, and underwear wetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengheng Zhou
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science , 797 Changwondaero, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, South Korea
| | - Joon-Hyung Byun
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science , 797 Changwondaero, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, South Korea
| | - Youngseok Oh
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science , 797 Changwondaero, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, South Korea
| | - Byung-Mun Jung
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science , 797 Changwondaero, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, South Korea
| | - Hwa-Jin Cha
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science , 797 Changwondaero, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, South Korea
| | - Dong-Gi Seong
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science , 797 Changwondaero, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, South Korea
| | - Moon-Kwang Um
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science , 797 Changwondaero, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, South Korea
| | - Sangil Hyun
- Simulation Team, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology , Jinju 52851, South Korea
| | - Tsu-Wei Chou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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35
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Advances in Production and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:18. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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36
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Bakhtiari R, Ghobadi S, Güllüoğlu EN, Şanlı LI, Gürsel SA, Özden-Yenigün E. Macroscopic assembly of flexible and strong green graphene fibres. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03975a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The scalable production presented here facilitates flexible, strong and electrically conductive graphene fibres, which have emerged as promising graphene based electronic textiles and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Bakhtiari
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Sabanci University
- 34956 Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - S. Ghobadi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Sabanci University
- 34956 Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - E. N. Güllüoğlu
- Istanbul Technical University
- Faculty of Textile Technologies and Design
- Department of Textile Engineering
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - L. I. Şanlı
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM)
- Sabanci University
- 34956 Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - S. A. Gürsel
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Sabanci University
- 34956 Istanbul
- Turkey
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM)
| | - E. Özden-Yenigün
- Istanbul Technical University
- Faculty of Textile Technologies and Design
- Department of Textile Engineering
- Istanbul
- Turkey
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37
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Hou G, Ng V, Song Y, Zhang L, Xu C, Shanov V, Mast D, Schulz M, Liu Y. Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Carbon Nanotube Sock Formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1557/adv.2016.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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38
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Wen L, Li F, Cheng HM. Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene for Flexible Electrochemical Energy Storage: from Materials to Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:4306-37. [PMID: 26748581 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electrochemical energy storage (FEES) devices have received great attention as a promising power source for the emerging field of flexible and wearable electronic devices. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have many excellent properties that make them ideally suited for use in FEES devices. A brief definition of FEES devices is provided, followed by a detailed overview of various structural models for achieving different FEES devices. The latest research developments on the use of CNTs and graphene in FEES devices are summarized. Finally, future prospects and important research directions in the areas of CNT- and graphene-based flexible electrode synthesis and device integration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Feng Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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39
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Textile-Based Electronic Components for Energy Applications: Principles, Problems, and Perspective. NANOMATERIALS 2015; 5:1493-1531. [PMID: 28347078 PMCID: PMC5304632 DOI: 10.3390/nano5031493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Textile-based electronic components have gained interest in the fields of science and technology. Recent developments in nanotechnology have enabled the integration of electronic components into textiles while retaining desirable characteristics such as flexibility, strength, and conductivity. Various materials were investigated in detail to obtain current conductive textile technology, and the integration of electronic components into these textiles shows great promise for common everyday applications. The harvest and storage of energy in textile electronics is a challenge that requires further attention in order to enable complete adoption of this technology in practical implementations. This review focuses on the various conductive textiles, their methods of preparation, and textile-based electronic components. We also focus on fabrication and the function of textile-based energy harvesting and storage devices, discuss their fundamental limitations, and suggest new areas of study.
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40
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Li Z, Liu Z, Sun H, Gao C. Superstructured Assembly of Nanocarbons: Fullerenes, Nanotubes, and Graphene. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7046-117. [PMID: 26168245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
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41
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Yang Z, Ren J, Zhang Z, Chen X, Guan G, Qiu L, Zhang Y, Peng H. Recent Advancement of Nanostructured Carbon for Energy Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5159-223. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5006217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 625] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers
and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science
and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers
and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science
and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers
and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science
and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers
and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science
and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Guozhen Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers
and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science
and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Longbin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers
and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science
and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers
and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science
and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers
and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science
and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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42
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Gao Y, Wu Y, Liang M, Fu Q. Transcrystallinity and relevant interfacial strength induced by carbon nanotube fibers in a polypropylene matrix. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- Department of Material Engineering; Zhejiang Industry and Trade Vocational College; Wenzhou 325003 China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Material Engineering; Zhejiang Industry and Trade Vocational College; Wenzhou 325003 China
| | - Maoqing Liang
- Department of Material Engineering; Zhejiang Industry and Trade Vocational College; Wenzhou 325003 China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
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43
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Lee JS, Kim T, Kim SG, Cho MR, Seo DK, Lee M, Kim S, Kim DW, Park GS, Jeong DH, Park YD, Yoo JB, Kang TJ, Kim YH. High performance CNT point emitter with graphene interfacial layer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:455601. [PMID: 25327181 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/45/455601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have great potential in the development of high-power electron beam sources. However, for such a high-performance electronic device, the electric and thermal contact problem between the metal and CNTs must be improved. Here, we report graphene as an interfacial layer between the metal and CNTs to improve the interfacial contact. The interfacial graphene layer results in a dramatic decrease of the electrical contact resistance by an order of 2 and an increase of the interfacial thermal conductivity by 16%. Such a high improvement in the electrical and thermal interface leads to superior field emission performance with a very low turn-on field of 1.49 V μm(-1) at 10 μA cm(-2) and a threshold field of 2.00 V μm(-1) at 10 mA cm(-2), as well as the maximum current of 16 mA (current density of 2300 A cm(-2)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Seok Lee
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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44
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Yu Y, Wen H, Ma J, Lykkemark S, Xu H, Qin J. Flexible fabrication of biomimetic bamboo-like hybrid microfibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:2494-2499. [PMID: 24453009 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic and flexible bamboo-like hybrid fibers are produced using a novel one-step strategy. By combining a droplet microfluidic technique with a wet-spinning process, biocompatible microfibers are incorporated with polymer spheres or multicellular spheroids. As a result of the controllability of this approach, it has potential applications in materials science and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, 116023, China
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45
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Wu C, Zheng D, Wang H, Guan L. Self-Assembly of Hydrosoluble Carbon Nanotubes into Macroscopic Belts. Chempluschem 2014; 79:394-399. [PMID: 31986608 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A simple approach for the synthesis of a truly neutral aqueous solution of shortened carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is presented. Upon evaporation of the solvent, the shortened CNTs self-assemble into belt-like macroscopic structures of approximately 3 cm in length. After the annealing process, the macroscopic assembly exhibits a good electrical conductivity of approximately 140 S cm-1 . The possible self-assembly process is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, YangQiao West Road 155#, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 591-83792835.,Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Dongdong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, YangQiao West Road 155#, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 591-83792835.,Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, YangQiao West Road 155#, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 591-83792835.,Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Lunhui Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, YangQiao West Road 155#, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 591-83792835.,Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Xiang C, Young CC, Wang X, Yan Z, Hwang CC, Cerioti G, Lin J, Kono J, Pasquali M, Tour JM. Large flake graphene oxide fibers with unconventional 100% knot efficiency and highly aligned small flake graphene oxide fibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:4592-4597. [PMID: 23828201 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two types of graphene oxide fibers are spun from high concentration aqueous dopes. Fibers extruded from large flake graphene oxide dope without drawing show unconventional 100% knot efficiency. Fibers spun from small sized graphene oxide dope with stable and continuous drawing yield in good intrinsic alignment with a record high tensile modulus of 47 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Chen L, He Y, Chai S, Qiang H, Chen F, Fu Q. Toward high performance graphene fibers. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:5809-5815. [PMID: 23689846 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01083j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional graphene and graphene-based materials have attracted tremendous interest, hence much attention has been drawn to exploring and applying their exceptional characteristics and properties. Integration of graphene sheets into macroscopic fibers is a very important way for their application and has received increasing interest. In this study, neat and macroscopic graphene fibers were continuously spun from graphene oxide (GO) suspensions followed by chemical reduction. By varying wet-spinning conditions, a series of graphene fibers were prepared, then, the structural features, mechanical and electrical performances of the fibers were investigated. We found the orientation of graphene sheets, the interaction between inter-fiber graphene sheets and the defects in the fibers have a pronounced effect on the properties of the fibers. Graphene fibers with excellent mechanical and electrical properties will yield great advances in high-tech applications. These findings provide guidance for the future production of high performance graphene fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Lu W, Zu M, Byun JH, Kim BS, Chou TW. State of the art of carbon nanotube fibers: opportunities and challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:1805-1833. [PMID: 22438092 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201104672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The superb mechanical and physical properties of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have provided the impetus for researchers in developing high-performance continuous fibers based upon CNTs. The reported high specific strength, specific stiffness and electrical conductivity of CNT fibers demonstrate the potential of their wide application in many fields. In this review paper, we assess the state of the art advances in CNT-based continuous fibers in terms of their fabrication methods, characterization and modeling of mechanical and physical properties, and applications. The opportunities and challenges in CNT fiber research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibang Lu
- Center for Composite Materials, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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