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Mavlankar NA, Nath D, Chandran Y, Gupta N, Singh A, Balakrishnan V, Pal A. Maneuvering the mineralization of self-assembled peptide nanofibers for designing mechanically-stiffened self-healable composites toward bone-mimetic ECM. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39118433 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00810c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) elasticity remains a crucial parameter to determine cell-material interactions (viz. adhesion, growth, and differentiation), cellular communication, and migration that are essential to tissue repair and regeneration. Supramolecular peptide hydrogels with their 3-dimensional porous network and tuneable mechanical properties have emerged as an excellent class of ECM-mimetic biomaterials with relevant dynamic attributes and bioactivity. Here, we demonstrate the design of minimalist amyloid-inspired peptide amphiphiles, CnPA (n = 6, 8, 10, 12) with tuneable peptide nanostructures that are efficiently biomineralized and cross-linked using bioactive silicates. Such hydrogel composites, CnBG exhibit excellent mechanical attributes and possess excellent self-healing abilities and collagen-like strain-stiffening ability as desired for bone ECM mimetic scaffold. The composites exhibited the formation of a hydroxyapatite mineral phase upon incubation in a simulated body fluid that rendered mechanical stiffness akin to the hydroxyapatite-bridged collagen fibers to match the bone tissue elasticity eventually. In a nutshell, peptide nanostructure-guided temporal effects and mechanical attributes demonstrate C8BG to be an optimal composite. Finally, such constructs feature the potential for adhesion, proliferation of U2OS cells, high alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteoconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha A Mavlankar
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector - 81, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Debasish Nath
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector - 81, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Yadu Chandran
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector - 81, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Ashmeet Singh
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector - 81, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Viswanath Balakrishnan
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Asish Pal
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector - 81, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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2
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Huang Y, Chang Z, Gao Y, Ren C, Lin Y, Zhang X, Wu C, Pan X, Huang Z. Overcoming the Low-Stability Bottleneck in the Clinical Translation of Liposomal Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhalers: A Shell Stabilization Strategy Inspired by Biomineralization. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3261. [PMID: 38542235 PMCID: PMC10970625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, several types of inhalable liposomes have been developed. Among them, liposomal pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) have gained much attention due to their cost-effectiveness, patient compliance, and accurate dosages. However, the clinical application of liposomal pMDIs has been hindered by the low stability, i.e., the tendency of the aggregation of the liposome lipid bilayer in hydrophobic propellant medium and brittleness under high mechanical forces. Biomineralization is an evolutionary mechanism that organisms use to resist harsh external environments in nature, providing mechanical support and protection effects. Inspired by such a concept, this paper proposes a shell stabilization strategy (SSS) to solve the problem of the low stability of liposomal pMDIs. Depending on the shell material used, the SSS can be classified into biomineralization (biomineralized using calcium, silicon, manganese, titanium, gadolinium, etc.) biomineralization-like (composite with protein), and layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly (multiple shells structured with diverse materials). This work evaluated the potential of this strategy by reviewing studies on the formation of shells deposited on liposomes or similar structures. It also covered useful synthesis strategies and active molecules/functional groups for modification. We aimed to put forward new insights to promote the stability of liposomal pMDIs and shed some light on the clinical translation of relevant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqi Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (C.R.); (Y.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Ziyao Chang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.C.); (X.P.)
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (C.R.); (Y.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Chuanyu Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (C.R.); (Y.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Yuxin Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (C.R.); (Y.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Xuejuan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (C.R.); (Y.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (C.R.); (Y.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.C.); (X.P.)
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (C.R.); (Y.L.); (C.W.)
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Xu F, Dai L, Qu K, Cao H, Xia Y, Li S, Huang K, Xu Z. Crystallizing Self-Standing Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Ultrafast Proton Transport in Flow Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313571. [PMID: 37885408 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) display great potential to be assembled into proton conductive membranes for their uniform and controllable pore structure, yet constructing self-standing COF membrane with high crystallinity to fully exploit their ordered crystalline channels for efficient ionic conduction remains a great challenge. Here, a macromolecular-mediated crystallization strategy is designed to manipulate the crystallization of self-standing COF membrane, where the -SO3 H groups in introduced sulfonated macromolecule chains function as the sites to interact with the precursors of COF and thus offer long-range ordered template for membrane crystallization. The optimized self-standing COF membrane composed of highly-ordered nanopores exhibits high proton conductivity (75 mS cm-1 at 100 % relative humidity and 20 °C) and excellent flow battery performance, outperforming Nafion 212 and reported membranes. Meanwhile, the long-term run of membrane is achieved with the help of the anchoring effect of flexible macromolecule chains. Our work provides inspiration to design self-standing COF membranes with ordered channels for permselective application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | | | | | - Fang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Liheng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kai Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Siyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kang Huang
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou, 215000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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4
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Li Q, Wang Y, Zhang G, Su R, Qi W. Biomimetic mineralization based on self-assembling peptides. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1549-1590. [PMID: 36602188 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00725h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic science has attracted great interest in the fields of chemistry, biology, materials science, and energy. Biomimetic mineralization is the process of synthesizing inorganic minerals under the control of organic molecules or biomolecules under mild conditions. Peptides are the motifs that constitute proteins, and can self-assemble into various hierarchical structures and show a high affinity for inorganic substances. Therefore, peptides can be used as building blocks for the synthesis of functional biomimetic materials. With the participation of peptides, the morphology, size, and composition of mineralized materials can be controlled precisely. Peptides not only provide well-defined templates for the nucleation and growth of inorganic nanomaterials but also have the potential to confer inorganic nanomaterials with high catalytic efficiency, selectivity, and biotherapeutic functions. In this review, we systematically summarize research progress in the formation mechanism, nanostructural manipulation, and applications of peptide-templated mineralized materials. These can further inspire researchers to design structurally complex and functionalized biomimetic materials with great promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Gong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China. .,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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Hao Z, Li H, Wang Y, Hu Y, Chen T, Zhang S, Guo X, Cai L, Li J. Supramolecular Peptide Nanofiber Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering: From Multihierarchical Fabrications to Comprehensive Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103820. [PMID: 35128831 PMCID: PMC9008438 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is becoming an ideal strategy to replace autologous bone grafts for surgical bone repair, but the multihierarchical complexity of natural bone is still difficult to emulate due to the lack of suitable biomaterials. Supramolecular peptide nanofiber hydrogels (SPNHs) are emerging biomaterials because of their inherent biocompatibility, satisfied biodegradability, high purity, facile functionalization, and tunable mechanical properties. This review initially focuses on the multihierarchical fabrications by SPNHs to emulate natural bony extracellular matrix. Structurally, supramolecular peptides based on distinctive building blocks can assemble into nanofiber hydrogels, which can be used as nanomorphology-mimetic scaffolds for tissue engineering. Biochemically, bioactive motifs and bioactive factors can be covalently tethered or physically absorbed to SPNHs to endow various functions depending on physiological and pharmacological requirements. Mechanically, four strategies are summarized to optimize the biophysical microenvironment of SPNHs for bone regeneration. Furthermore, comprehensive applications about SPNHs for bone tissue engineering are reviewed. The biomaterials can be directly used in the form of injectable hydrogels or composite nanoscaffolds, or they can be used to construct engineered bone grafts by bioprinting or bioreactors. Finally, continuing challenges and outlook are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowen Hao
- Department of OrthopedicsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDonghu Road 169Wuhan430071China
| | - Hanke Li
- Department of OrthopedicsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDonghu Road 169Wuhan430071China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of OrthopedicsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDonghu Road 169Wuhan430071China
| | - Yingkun Hu
- Department of OrthopedicsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDonghu Road 169Wuhan430071China
| | - Tianhong Chen
- Department of OrthopedicsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDonghu Road 169Wuhan430071China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDonghu Road 169Wuhan430071China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Department of OrthopedicsUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyJiefang Road 1277Wuhan430022China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of OrthopedicsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDonghu Road 169Wuhan430071China
| | - Jingfeng Li
- Department of OrthopedicsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDonghu Road 169Wuhan430071China
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6
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Mañas-Torres MC, Ramírez-Rodríguez GB, García-Peiro JI, Parra-Torrejón B, Cuerva JM, Lopez-Lopez MT, Álvarez de Cienfuegos L, Delgado-López JM. Organic/inorganic hydrogels by simultaneous self-assembly and mineralization of aromatic short-peptides. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01249e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid hydrogels with a tunable structure–function relationship were prepared by simultaneous self-assembly and mineralization of aromatic short-peptides. Sub-stoichiometric Ca concentrations resulted in nanoapatite oriented along the peptide fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari C. Mañas-Torres
- Dpto de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada (UGR), 18071-Granada, Spain
| | - Gloria B. Ramírez-Rodríguez
- Dpto de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UGR), Spain
| | - José I. García-Peiro
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, y Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Medioambiental (IQTMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Belén Parra-Torrejón
- Dpto de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UGR), Spain
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Dpto de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada (UGR), 18071-Granada, Spain
| | - Modesto T. Lopez-Lopez
- Dpto de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, (UGR), Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez de Cienfuegos
- Dpto de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada (UGR), 18071-Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain
| | - José M. Delgado-López
- Dpto de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UGR), Spain
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7
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Geng S, Lei Y, Snead ML. Minimal amelogenin domain for enamel formation. JOM (WARRENDALE, PA. : 1989) 2021; 73:1696-1704. [PMID: 34456537 PMCID: PMC8386916 DOI: 10.1007/s11837-021-04687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Amelogenin is the most abundant matrix protein guiding hydroxyapatite formation in enamel, the durable bioceramic tissue that covers vertebrate teeth. Here, we sought to refine structure-function for an amelogenin domain based on in vitro data showing a 42 amino acid amelogenin-derived peptide (ADP7) mimicked formation of hydroxyapatite similar to that observed for the full-length mouse 180 amino acid protein. In mice, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to express only ADP7 by the native amelogenin promoter. Analysis revealed ADP7 messenger RNA expression in developing mouse teeth with the formation of a thin layer of enamel. In vivo, ADP7 peptide partially replaced the function of the full-length amelogenin protein and its several protein isoforms. Protein structure-function relationships identified through in vitro assays can be deployed in whole model animals using CRISPR-Cas9 to validate function of a minimal protein domain to be translated for clinical use as an enamel biomimetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Geng
- The University of Southern California, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Los Angeles, CA 90033
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China, 201210
| | - Yaping Lei
- The University of Southern California, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Los Angeles, CA 90033
- Biology and Biologic Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Malcolm L Snead
- The University of Southern California, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Los Angeles, CA 90033
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Liu H, Yang G, Yin H, Wang Z, Chen C, Liu Z, Xie H. In vitro and in vivo osteogenesis up-regulated by two-dimensional nanosheets through a macrophage-mediated pathway. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:780-794. [PMID: 33206069 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01596b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are attracting more and more interest in regenerative medicine due to their unique properties; however 2D biomimetic calcium mineral has not yet been developed and demonstrated application for bone tissue engineering. Here we described a novel calcium phosphate material with a 2D nanostructure that was synthesized using collagen and sodium alginate as the template. In vitro performance of the nanocrystalline material was evaluated, and we found that 2D CaP nanoparticles (NPs) enhanced the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) through a macrophage-mediated signal pathway, when co-cultured with RAW 264.7 cells, rather than direct NP/stem cell interaction. A 2D topology structured surface was constructed by encapsulating the CaP nanomaterials in a gelatin hydrogel, which was demonstrated to be able to mediate in vivo ossification through a macrophage polarization related pathway in a femur defect rat model, and allowed the optimal therapeutic outcome compared to normal CaP counterparts. Our current work may have enlightened a new mechanism regarding NP-induced stem cell differentiation through immunoregulation, and the 2D CaP encapsulated hydrogel scaffold may serve as a potential alternative to autograft bone for orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China. and Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Gaojie Yang
- Department of Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China. and Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China. and Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chunyuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China. and Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhengzhao Liu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China and Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China. and Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China and Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China and Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Changsha 410008, China and Hunan Key Laboratory of Bone Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha 410008, China
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9
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Athanasiadou D, Carneiro KMM. DNA nanostructures as templates for biomineralization. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:93-108. [PMID: 37117611 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-00242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nature uses extracellular matrix scaffolds to organize biominerals into hierarchical structures over various length scales. This has inspired the design of biomimetic mineralization scaffolds, with DNA nanostructures being among the most promising. DNA nanotechnology makes use of molecular recognition to controllably give 1D, 2D and 3D nanostructures. The control we have over these structures makes them attractive templates for the synthesis of mineralized tissues, such as bones and teeth. In this Review, we first summarize recent work on the crystallization processes and structural features of biominerals on the nanoscale. We then describe self-assembled DNA nanostructures and come to the intersection of these two themes: recent applications of DNA templates in nanoscale biomineralization, a crucial process to regenerate mineralized tissues.
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10
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Chen CH, Hsu EL, Stupp SI. Supramolecular self-assembling peptides to deliver bone morphogenetic proteins for skeletal regeneration. Bone 2020; 141:115565. [PMID: 32745692 PMCID: PMC7680412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have shown clinical success in promoting bone healing, but they are also associated with unwanted side effects. The development of improved BMP carriers that can retain BMP at the defect site and maximize its efficacy would decrease the therapeutic BMP dose and thus improve its safety profile. In this review, we discuss the advantages of using self-assembling peptides, a class of synthetic supramolecular biomaterials, to deliver recombinant BMPs. Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) are a broad class of self-assembling peptides, and the use of PAs for BMP delivery and bone regeneration has been explored extensively over the past decade. Like many self-assembling peptide systems, PAs can be designed to form nanofibrous supramolecular biomaterials in which molecules are held together by non-covalent bonds. Chemical and biological functionality can be added to PA nanofibers, through conjugation of chemical moieties or biological epitopes to PA molecules. For example, PA nanofibers have been designed to bind heparan sulfate, a natural polysaccharide that is known to bind BMPs and potentiate their signal. Alternatively, PA nanofibers have been designed to synthetically mimic the structure and function of heparan sulfate, or to directly bind BMP specifically. In small animal models, these bio-inspired PA materials have shown the capacity to promote bone regeneration using BMP at doses 10-100 times lower than established therapeutic doses. These promising results have motivated further evaluation of PAs in large animal models, where their safety and efficacy must be established before clinical translation. We conclude with a discussion on the possiblity of combining PAs with other materials used in orthopaedic surgery to maximize their utility for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte H Chen
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Erin L Hsu
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Levin A, Hakala TA, Schnaider L, Bernardes GJL, Gazit E, Knowles TPJ. Biomimetic peptide self-assembly for functional materials. Nat Rev Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Utku FS. The consequences of dehydration-hydration on bone anisotropy and implications on the sublamellar organization of mineralized collagen fibrils. J Biomech 2020; 104:109737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Šupová M. The Significance and Utilisation of Biomimetic and Bioinspired Strategies in the Field of Biomedical Material Engineering: The Case of Calcium Phosphat-Protein Template Constructs. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E327. [PMID: 31936830 PMCID: PMC7013803 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a summary of recent research on biomimetic and bioinspired strategies applied in the field of biomedical material engineering and focusing particularly on calcium phosphate-protein template constructs inspired by biomineralisation. A description of and discussion on the biomineralisation process is followed by a general summary of the application of the biomimetic and bioinspired strategies in the fields of biomedical material engineering and regenerative medicine. Particular attention is devoted to the description of individual peptides and proteins that serve as templates for the biomimetic mineralisation of calcium phosphate. Moreover, the review also presents a description of smart devices including delivery systems and constructs with specific functions. The paper concludes with a summary of and discussion on potential future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Šupová
- Department of Composites and Carbon Materials, Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, V Holešovičkách 41, 182 09 Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Thrivikraman G, Athirasala A, Gordon R, Zhang L, Bergan R, Keene DR, Jones JM, Xie H, Chen Z, Tao J, Wingender B, Gower L, Ferracane JL, Bertassoni LE. Rapid fabrication of vascularized and innervated cell-laden bone models with biomimetic intrafibrillar collagen mineralization. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3520. [PMID: 31388010 PMCID: PMC6684598 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue, by definition, is an organic–inorganic nanocomposite, where metabolically active cells are embedded within a matrix that is heavily calcified on the nanoscale. Currently, there are no strategies that replicate these definitive characteristics of bone tissue. Here we describe a biomimetic approach where a supersaturated calcium and phosphate medium is used in combination with a non-collagenous protein analog to direct the deposition of nanoscale apatite, both in the intra- and extrafibrillar spaces of collagen embedded with osteoprogenitor, vascular, and neural cells. This process enables engineering of bone models replicating the key hallmarks of the bone cellular and extracellular microenvironment, including its protein-guided biomineralization, nanostructure, vasculature, innervation, inherent osteoinductive properties (without exogenous supplements), and cell-homing effects on bone-targeting diseases, such as prostate cancer. Ultimately, this approach enables fabrication of bone-like tissue models with high levels of biomimicry that may have broad implications for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative engineering. Bone tissue is a complex organic-inorganic nanocomposite and strategies that replicate the characteristics of bone tissue are scarce. Here the authors demonstrate the deposition of nanoscale apatite in collagen embedded with mesenchymal, vascular and nerve cells, using a protein-guided biomineralization approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greeshma Thrivikraman
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Avathamsa Athirasala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ryan Gordon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Limin Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Raymond Bergan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | - James M Jones
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Hua Xie
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Nanofabrication, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Jinhui Tao
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Brian Wingender
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Laurie Gower
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Jack L Ferracane
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Luiz E Bertassoni
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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15
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Wu J, Huang J, Yun J, Yang J, Yang J, Fok A, Wang Y. Enzyme-Directed Biomineralization Coating on TiO2 Nanotubes and its Positive Effect on Osteogenesis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2769-2777. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Wu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Jingyan Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yun
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Jiajun Yang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Jinghong Yang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Alex Fok
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
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16
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Chen Z, Miao Z, Zhang P, Xiao H, Liu H, Ding C, Tan H, Li J. Bioinspired enamel-like oriented minerals on general surfaces: towards improved mechanical properties. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:5237-5244. [PMID: 31380880 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Enamel-like oriented hydroxyapatite minerals were obtained on general surfaces by a biomimetic, anodic alumina oxide (AAO)-assisted, double-layered gel system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxin Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Zhangshu Miao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Pain Management
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering
- Beihang University
- 100191 Beijing
| | - Chunmei Ding
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
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17
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Wu J, Miao G, Zheng Z, Li Z, Ren W, Wu C, Li Y, Huang Z, Yang L, Guo L. 3D printing mesoporous bioactive glass/sodium alginate/gelatin sustained release scaffolds for bone repair. J Biomater Appl 2018; 33:755-765. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328218810269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery and release are a major challenge fabricating bone tissue engineering. In this study, we fabricated new sustained release hydrogel scaffolds composited of mesoporous bioactive glass, sodium alginate and gelatin by a three-dimensional printing technique. Naringin and calcitonin gene-related peptide were used as drugs to prepare drug-loaded scaffolds by direct printing or surface absorption. The physicochemical properties of the scaffolds and the drug release profiles of the two drug-loading models were investigated. We also examined the biocompatibility of the scaffolds, as well as the effect of the released medium on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human osteoblast-like MG-63 cell. The results showed that the scaffolds had a high porosity (approximately 80%) with an interconnected cubic pore structure, rough surface morphology, bioactivity and strong biocompatibility. Furthermore, the naringin or calcitonin gene-related peptide co-printed into the scaffold displayed a steady sustained release behaviour for up to 21 days without an initial burst release, while both naringin and calcitonin gene-related peptide absorbed onto the surface of the scaffold were completely released within two days. MG-63 cells cultured with the extraction containing released drugs displayed promoted cell proliferation and the expression of osteogenesis-related genes more effectively compared with the drug-free extractions. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the developed mesoporous bioactive glass/sodium alginate/gelatin sustained release scaffolds provide a potential application for bone tissue engineering.
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18
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Mason TO, Shimanovich U. Fibrous Protein Self-Assembly in Biomimetic Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706462. [PMID: 29883013 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein self-assembly processes, by which polypeptides interact and independently form multimeric structures, lead to a wide array of different endpoints. Structures formed range from highly ordered molecular crystals to amorphous aggregates. Order arises in the system from a balance between many low-energy processes occurring due to a set of interactions between residues in a chain, between residues in different chains, and between solute and solvent. In Nature, self-assembling protein systems have evolved over millions of years to organize into supramolecular structures, optimized for specific functions, with this propensity determined by the sequence of their constituent amino acids, of which only 20 are encoded in DNA. The structural materials that arise from biological self-assembly can display remarkable mechanical properties, often as a result of hierarchical structure on the nano- and microscales, and much research has been devoted to mimicking and exploiting these properties for a variety of end uses. This work presents a review of a range of studies in which biological functions are effectively reproduced through the design of self-assembling fibrous protein systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O Mason
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ulyana Shimanovich
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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19
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Jiang Y, Liu H, Qi X, Sun J, Li M, Wang J. Conductive Ag-Based Modification of Hydroxyapatite Microtubule Array and Its Application to Enzyme-Free Glucose Sensing. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Jiang
- Department of Chemistry; Northeastern University; No. 11, Lane 3 Wenhua Road, Heping District Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Northeastern University; No. 11, Lane 3 Wenhua Road, Heping District Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Qi
- Department of Chemistry; Northeastern University; No. 11, Lane 3 Wenhua Road, Heping District Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Chemistry; Northeastern University; No. 11, Lane 3 Wenhua Road, Heping District Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Mei Li
- Centre for Protolife Research and Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Northeastern University; No. 11, Lane 3 Wenhua Road, Heping District Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
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20
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Li Y, Cao Y. The Physical Chemistry for the Self-assembly of Peptide Hydrogels. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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21
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Ribeiro S, Radvar E, Shi Y, Borges J, Pirraco RP, Leonor IB, Mano JF, Reis RL, Mata Á, Azevedo HS. Nanostructured interfacial self-assembled peptide-polymer membranes for enhanced mineralization and cell adhesion. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13670-13682. [PMID: 28876352 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03410e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft interfacial materials, such as self-assembled polymer membranes, are gaining increasing interest as biomaterials since they can provide selective barriers and/or controlled affinity interactions important to regulate cellular processes. Herein, we report the design and fabrication of multiscale structured membranes integrating selective molecular functionalities for potential applications in bone regeneration. The membranes were obtained by interfacial self-assembly of miscible aqueous solutions of hyaluronan and multi-domain peptides (MDPs) incorporating distinct biochemical motifs, including mineralizing (EE), integrin-binding (RGDS) and osteogenic (YGFGG) peptide sequences. Circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses of the MDPs revealed a predominant β-sheet conformation, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the formation of fibre-like nanostructures with different lengths. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the membranes showed an anisotropic structure and surfaces with different nanotopographies, reflecting the morphological differences observed under TEM. All the membranes were able to promote the deposition of a calcium-phosphate mineral on their surface when incubated in a mineralizing solution. The ability of the MDPs, coated on coverslips or presented within the membranes, to support cell adhesion was investigated using primary adult periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) under serum-free conditions. Cells on the membranes lacking RGDS remained round, while in the presence of RGDS they appear to be more elongated and anchored to the membrane. These observations were confirmed by SEM analysis that showed cells attached to the membrane and exhibiting an extended morphology with close interactions with the membrane surface. We anticipate that these molecularly designed interfacial membranes can both provide relevant biochemical signals and structural biomimetic components for stem cell growth and differentiation and ultimately promote bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ribeiro
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.
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22
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Tian T, Liao J, Zhou T, Lin S, Zhang T, Shi SR, Cai X, Lin Y. Fabrication of Calcium Phosphate Microflowers and Their Extended Application in Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:30437-30447. [PMID: 28831802 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taoran Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, P. R. China
| | - Si-Rong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, P. R. China
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23
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Wei G, Su Z, Reynolds NP, Arosio P, Hamley IW, Gazit E, Mezzenga R. Self-assembling peptide and protein amyloids: from structure to tailored function in nanotechnology. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4661-4708. [PMID: 28530745 PMCID: PMC6364806 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00542j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 531] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled peptide and protein amyloid nanostructures have traditionally been considered only as pathological aggregates implicated in human neurodegenerative diseases. In more recent times, these nanostructures have found interesting applications as advanced materials in biomedicine, tissue engineering, renewable energy, environmental science, nanotechnology and material science, to name only a few fields. In all these applications, the final function depends on: (i) the specific mechanisms of protein aggregation, (ii) the hierarchical structure of the protein and peptide amyloids from the atomistic to mesoscopic length scales and (iii) the physical properties of the amyloids in the context of their surrounding environment (biological or artificial). In this review, we will discuss recent progress made in the field of functional and artificial amyloids and highlight connections between protein/peptide folding, unfolding and aggregation mechanisms, with the resulting amyloid structure and functionality. We also highlight current advances in the design and synthesis of amyloid-based biological and functional materials and identify new potential fields in which amyloid-based structures promise new breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wei
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen,
Germany
| | - Zhiqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing
University of Chemical Technology, China
| | - Nicholas P. Reynolds
- ARC Training Centre for Biodevices, Swinburne University of
Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zurich,
Switzerland
| | | | - Ehud Gazit
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH-Zurich,
Switzerland
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24
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Solomon LA, Kronenberg JB, Fry HC. Control of Heme Coordination and Catalytic Activity by Conformational Changes in Peptide-Amphiphile Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8497-8507. [PMID: 28505436 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling peptide materials have gained significant attention, due to well-demonstrated applications, but they are functionally underutilized. To advance their utility, we use noncovalent interactions to incorporate the biological cofactor heme-B for catalysis. Heme-proteins achieve differing functions through structural and coordinative variations. Here, we replicate this phenomenon by highlighting changes in heme reactivity as a function of coordination, sequence, and morphology (micelles versus fibers) in a series of simple peptide amphiphiles with the sequence c16-xyL3K3-CO2H where c16 is a palmitoyl moiety and xy represents the heme binding region: AA, AH, HH, and MH. The morphology of this peptide series is characterized using transmission electron and atomic force microscopies as well as dynamic light scattering. Within this small library of peptide constructs, we show that three spectroscopically (UV/visible and electron paramagnetic resonance) distinct heme environments were generated: noncoordinated/embedded high-spin, five-coordinate high-spin, and six-coordinate low-spin. The resulting material's functional dependence on sequence and supramolecular morphology is highlighted 2-fold. First, the heme active site binds carbon monoxide in both micelles and fibers, demonstrating that the heme active site in both morphologies is accessible to small molecules for catalysis. Second, peroxidase activity was observed in heme-containing micelles yet was significantly reduced in heme-containing fibers. We briefly discuss the implications these findings have in the production of functional, self-assembling peptide materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Solomon
- Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jacob B Kronenberg
- Illinois Math and Science Academy , 1500 West Sullivan Road, Aurora, Illinois 60506, United States
| | - H Christopher Fry
- Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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25
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Ridi F, Meazzini I, Castroflorio B, Bonini M, Berti D, Baglioni P. Functional calcium phosphate composites in nanomedicine. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 244:281-295. [PMID: 27112061 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) materials have many peculiar and intriguing properties. In nature, CaP is found in nanostructured form embedded in a soft proteic matrix as the main mineral component of bones and teeth. The extraordinary stoichiometric flexibility, the different stabilities exhibited by its different forms as a function of pH and the highly dynamic nature of its surface ions, render CaP one of the most versatile materials for nanomedicine. This review summarizes some of the guidelines so far emerged for the synthesis of CaP composites in aqueous media that endow the material with tailored crystallinity, morphology, size, and functional properties. First, we introduce very briefly the areas of application of CaP within the nanomedicine field. Then through some selected examples, we review some synthetic routes where the presence of functional units (small templating molecules like surfactants, or oligomers and polymers) assists the synthesis and at the same time impart the functionality or the responsiveness desired for the end-application of the material. Finally, we illustrate two examples from our laboratory, where CaP is decorated by biologically active polymers or prepared within a thermo- and magneto-responsive hydrogel, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ridi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Ilaria Meazzini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Benedetta Castroflorio
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Debora Berti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy.
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26
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Sukegawa H, Nishimura T, Yoshio M, Kajiyama S, Kato T. One-dimensional supramolecular hybrids: self-assembled nanofibrous materials based on a sugar gelator and calcite developed along an unusual axis. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00140a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Kesireddy V, Kasper FK. Approaches for building bioactive elements into synthetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6773-6786. [PMID: 28133536 PMCID: PMC5267491 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00783j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is emerging as a possible solution for regeneration of bone in a number of applications. For effective utilization, BTE scaffolds often need modifications to impart biological cues that drive diverse cellular functions such as adhesion, migration, survival, proliferation, differentiation, and biomineralization. This review provides an outline of various approaches for building bioactive elements into synthetic scaffolds for BTE and classifies them broadly under two distinct schemes; namely, the top-down approach and the bottom-up approach. Synthetic and natural routes for top-down approaches to production of bioactive constructs for BTE, such as generation of scaffold-extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs or decellularized and demineralized scaffolds, are provided. Similarly, traditional scaffold-based bottom-up approaches, including growth factor immobilization or peptide-tethered scaffolds, are provided. Finally, a brief overview of emerging bottom-up approaches for generating biologically active constructs for BTE is given. A discussion of the key areas for further investigation, challenges, and opportunities is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Kesireddy
- Department of Orthodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry
| | - F. Kurtis Kasper
- Department of Orthodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry
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28
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Abstract
The convergence of nanoscience and drug delivery has prompted the formation of the field of nanomedicine, one that exploits the novel physicochemical and biological properties of nanostructures for improved medical treatments and reduced side effects. Until recently, this nanostructure-mediated strategy considered the drug to be solely a biologically active compound to be delivered, and its potential as a molecular building unit remained largely unexplored. A growing trend within nanomedicine has been the use of drug molecules to build well-defined nanostructures of various sizes and shapes. This strategy allows for the creation of self-delivering supramolecular nanomedicines containing a high and fixed drug content. Through rational design of the number and type of the drug incorporated, the resulting nanostructures can be tailored to assume various morphologies (e.g. nanospheres, rods, nanofibers, or nanotubes) for a particular mode of administration such as systemic, topical, and local delivery. This review covers the recent advances in this rapidly developing field, with the aim of providing an in-depth evaluation of the exciting opportunities that this new field could create to improve the current clinical practice of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe Eastern Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Andrew G. Cheetham
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe Eastern Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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29
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Kajiyama S, Sakamoto T, Inoue M, Nishimura T, Yokoi T, Ohtsuki C, Kato T. Rapid and topotactic transformation from octacalcium phosphate to hydroxyapatite (HAP): a new approach to self-organization of free-standing thin-film HAP-based nanohybrids. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01336h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Abbah SA, Delgado LM, Azeem A, Fuller K, Shologu N, Keeney M, Biggs MJ, Pandit A, Zeugolis DI. Harnessing Hierarchical Nano- and Micro-Fabrication Technologies for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2488-99. [PMID: 26667589 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells within a tissue are able to perceive, interpret and respond to the biophysical, biomechanical, and biochemical properties of the 3D extracellular matrix environment in which they reside. Such stimuli regulate cell adhesion, metabolic state, proliferation, migration, fate and lineage commitment, and ultimately, tissue morphogenesis and function. Current scaffold fabrication strategies in musculoskeletal tissue engineering seek to mimic the sophistication and comprehensiveness of nature to develop hierarchically assembled 3D implantable devices of different geometric dimensions (nano- to macrometric scales) that will offer control over cellular functions and ultimately achieve functional regeneration. Herein, advances and shortfalls of bottom-up (self-assembly, freeze-drying, rapid prototype, electrospinning) and top-down (imprinting) scaffold fabrication approaches, specific to musculoskeletal tissue engineering, are discussed and critically assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny A. Abbah
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
| | - Luis M. Delgado
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
| | - Ayesha Azeem
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
| | - Kieran Fuller
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
| | - Naledi Shologu
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
| | - Michael Keeney
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine; Stanford University CA USA
| | - Manus J. Biggs
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I. Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
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31
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Abstract
Currently, there is a broad interest in the control over creating ordered electroactive nanostructures, in which electron donors and acceptors are organized at similar length scales. In this article, a simple and efficient procedure is reported en-route towards the construction of 1D arrays of crystalline pristine C60 and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) coated onto supramolecular fibers based on exTTF-pentapeptides. The resulting n/p-nanohybrids have been fully characterized by a variety of spectroscopic (FTIR, UV-Vis, circular dichroism, Raman and transient absorption), microscopic (AFM, TEM, and SEM), and powder diffraction (X-ray) techniques. Our experimental findings document the tendency of electroactive exTTF-fibers to induce the crystallization of C60 and PCBM, on one hand, and to afford 1D n/p-nanohybrids, on the other hand. Furthermore, photogenerated radical ion pairs, formed upon visible light irradiation of the n/p-nanohybrids, feature lifetimes on the range of 0.9–1.2 ns.
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32
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Kim S, Kim JH, Lee JS, Park CB. Beta-Sheet-Forming, Self-Assembled Peptide Nanomaterials towards Optical, Energy, and Healthcare Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3623-40. [PMID: 25929870 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Peptide self-assembly is an attractive route for the synthesis of intricate organic nanostructures that possess remarkable structural variety and biocompatibility. Recent studies on peptide-based, self-assembled materials have expanded beyond the construction of high-order architectures; they are now reporting new functional materials that have application in the emerging fields such as artificial photosynthesis and rechargeable batteries. Nevertheless, there have been few reviews particularly concentrating on such versatile, emerging applications. Herein, recent advances in the synthesis of self-assembled peptide nanomaterials (e.g., cross β-sheet-based amyloid nanostructures, peptide amphiphiles) are selectively reviewed and their new applications in diverse, interdisciplinary fields are described, ranging from optics and energy storage/conversion to healthcare. The applications of peptide-based self-assembled materials in unconventional fields are also highlighted, such as photoluminescent peptide nanostructures, artificial photosynthetic peptide nanomaterials, and lithium-ion battery components. The relation of such functional materials to the rapidly progressing biomedical applications of peptide self-assembly, which include biosensors/chips and regenerative medicine, are discussed. The combination of strategies shown in these applications would further promote the discovery of novel, functional, small materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seok Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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33
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Gulseren G, Yasa IC, Ustahuseyin O, Tekin ED, Tekinay AB, Guler MO. Alkaline Phosphatase-Mimicking Peptide Nanofibers for Osteogenic Differentiation. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2198-208. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulcihan Gulseren
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research
Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey, 06800
| | - I. Ceren Yasa
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research
Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey, 06800
| | - Oya Ustahuseyin
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research
Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey, 06800
| | - E. Deniz Tekin
- Faculty
of Engineering, University of Turkish Aeronautical Association, Ankara, Turkey, 06790
| | - Ayse B. Tekinay
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research
Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey, 06800
| | - Mustafa O. Guler
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research
Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey, 06800
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34
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Bioactive nanofibers enable the identification of thrombospondin 2 as a key player in enamel regeneration. Biomaterials 2015; 61:216-28. [PMID: 26004236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration and development involves highly synchronized signals both between cells and with the extracellular environment. Biomaterials can be tuned to mimic specific biological signals and control cell response(s). As a result, these materials can be used as tools to elucidate cell signaling pathways and candidate molecules involved with cellular processes. In this work, we explore enamel-forming cells, ameloblasts, which have a limited regenerative capacity. By exposing undifferentiated cells to a self-assembling matrix bearing RGDS epitopes, we elicited a regenerative signal at will that subsequently led to the identification of thrombospondin 2 (TSP2), an extracellular matrix protein that has not been previously recognized as a key player in enamel development and regeneration. Targeted disruption of the thrombospondin 2 gene (Thbs2) resulted in enamel formation with a disordered architecture that was highly susceptible to wear compared to their wild-type counterparts. To test the regenerative capacity, we injected the bioactive matrix into the enamel organ and discovered that the enamel organic epithelial cells in TSP-null mice failed to polarize on the surface of the artificial matrix, greatly reducing integrin β1 and Notch1 expression levels, which represent signaling pathways known to be associated with TSP2. These results suggest TSP2 plays an important role in regulating cell-matrix interactions during enamel formation. Exploiting the signaling pathways activated by biomaterials can provide insight into native signaling mechanisms crucial for tooth development and cell-based strategies for enamel regeneration.
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35
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Rubert Pérez CM, Stephanopoulos N, Sur S, Lee SS, Newcomb C, Stupp SI. The powerful functions of peptide-based bioactive matrices for regenerative medicine. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:501-14. [PMID: 25366903 PMCID: PMC4380550 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to develop bioactive matrices for regenerative medicine, peptides have been used widely to promote interactions with cells and elicit desired behaviors in vivo. This paper describes strategies that utilize peptide-based molecules as building blocks to create supramolecular nanostructures that emulate not only the architecture but also the chemistry of the extracellular matrix in mammalian biology. After initiating a desired regenerative response in vivo, the innate biodegradability of these systems allow for the natural biological processes to take over in order to promote formation of a new tissue without leaving a trace of the nonnatural components. These bioactive matrices can either bind or mimic growth factors or other protein ligands to elicit a cellular response, promote specific mechano-biological responses, and also guide the migration of cells with programmed directionality. In vivo applications discussed in this review using peptide-based matrices include the regeneration of axons after spinal cord injury, regeneration of bone, and the formation of blood vessels in ischemic muscle as a therapy in peripheral arterial disease and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M. Rubert Pérez
- Simpson Querrey Institute of BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, 11th floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nicholas Stephanopoulos
- Simpson Querrey Institute of BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, 11th floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shantanu Sur
- Simpson Querrey Institute of BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, 11th floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Sungsoo S. Lee
- Department of Materials and Science & Engineering, Chemistry, Medicine, and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Christina Newcomb
- Department of Materials and Science & Engineering, Chemistry, Medicine, and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute of BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, 11th floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Materials and Science & Engineering, Chemistry, Medicine, and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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36
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Wang X, Sun Y, Lin K. Facile synthesis of dental enamel-like hydroxyapatite nanorod arrays via hydrothermal transformation of hillebrandite nanobelts. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7334-7339. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01506e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic dental enamel-like hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanorod arrays were facilely synthesized via hydrothermal treatment of the hillebrandite nanobelts as hard-templates in trisodium phosphate aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
- Department of Endodontics
- School of Stomatology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200072
| | - Yao Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
- School of Stomatology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200072
- China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
- School of Stomatology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200072
- China
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37
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Avinash MB, Govindaraju T. Nanoarchitectonics of biomolecular assemblies for functional applications. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13348-69. [PMID: 25287110 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04340e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The stringent processes of natural selection and evolution have enabled extraordinary structure-function properties of biomolecules. Specifically, the archetypal designs of biomolecules, such as amino acids, nucleobases, carbohydrates and lipids amongst others, encode unparalleled information, selectivity and specificity. The integration of biomolecules either with functional molecules or with an embodied functionality ensures an eclectic approach for novel and advanced nanotechnological applications ranging from electronics to biomedicine, besides bright prospects in systems chemistry and synthetic biology. Given this intriguing scenario, our feature article intends to shed light on the emerging field of functional biomolecular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Avinash
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit (NCU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P. O., Bangalore 560064, India.
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38
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Li Y, Chen X, Ribeiro AJ, Jensen ED, Holmberg KV, Rodriguez-Cabello JC, Aparicio C. Hybrid nanotopographical surfaces obtained by biomimetic mineralization of statherin-inspired elastin-like recombinamers. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1638-47. [PMID: 24700504 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Modification of surfaces mimicking unique chemical and physical features of mineralized tissues is of major interest for obtaining biomaterials for replacing and regenerating biological tissues. Here, human salivary statherin-inspired genetically engineered recombinamers (ELRs, HSS) on biomedical surfaces regulates mineralization to form an amorphous-calcium-phosphate (ACP) layer that reproduces the original substrate nanotopography. The HSS-ELRs carry a statherin-derived peptide with high affinity to tooth enamel. They are tethered to nanorough surfaces and mineralized using an enzyme-directed process. A homogeneous layer of ACP-minerals forms on HSS-coated surfaces retaining the original nanotopography of the substrate. In contrast, biomineralization of control surfaces results in uncontrolled growth of minerals. This suggest the statherin-inspired ELRs have ability to induce and control growth of the minerals on the biofunctional surfaces. Likely, the HSS-ELR coating have similar bioactivity to that of statherin in human saliva. The hybrid nanorough surfaces improve adhesion and differentiation of preosteoblasts and show potential for dental and orthopedic implants integration. This method enables the combination and tailoring of nanotopographical and biochemical cues to design functionalized surfaces to investigate and potentially direct the stem cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Li
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics; Department of Restorative Sciences; School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota; 55455 Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics; Department of Restorative Sciences; School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota; 55455 Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Artur J. Ribeiro
- G. I. R. Bioforge, Edificio I+D; University of Valladolid; CIBER-BBN, Paseo de Belen 11 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Eric D. Jensen
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences; School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota; 55455 Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Kyle V. Holmberg
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics; Department of Restorative Sciences; School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota; 55455 Minneapolis MN USA
| | - J. Carlos Rodriguez-Cabello
- G. I. R. Bioforge, Edificio I+D; University of Valladolid; CIBER-BBN, Paseo de Belen 11 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics; Department of Restorative Sciences; School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota; 55455 Minneapolis MN USA
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39
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Biomimetic self-assembly of apatite hybrid materials: From a single molecular template to bi-/multi-molecular templates. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:744-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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40
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Ceylan H, Kocabey S, Unal Gulsuner H, Balcik OS, Guler MO, Tekinay AB. Bone-Like Mineral Nucleating Peptide Nanofibers Induce Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Mature Osteoblasts. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2407-18. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500248r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Ceylan
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research
Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Samet Kocabey
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research
Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Hilal Unal Gulsuner
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research
Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ozlem S. Balcik
- Department
of Hematology, School of Medicine Hospital, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, 06510, Turkey
| | - Mustafa O. Guler
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research
Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ayse B. Tekinay
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research
Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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41
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Korevaar PA, Newcomb CJ, Meijer EW, Stupp SI. Pathway Selection in Peptide Amphiphile Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8540-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja503882s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Korevaar
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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42
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Kajiyama S, Nishimura T, Sakamoto T, Kato T. Aragonite nanorods in calcium carbonate/polymer hybrids formed through self-organization processes from amorphous calcium carbonate solution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1634-1641. [PMID: 24425526 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured inorganic/polymer hybrid thin films comprising aragonite nanorods derived from aqueous suspensions of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) are prepared. For the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃)/polymer hybrids, spincoated and annealed films of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) that function as polymer matrices are soaked in aqueous colloidal solutions dispersing ACC stabilized by poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). In the initial stage, calcite thin films form on the surface. Subsequently, aragonite crystals start to form inside the PVA matrix that contains PVA crystallites which induce aragonite nucleation. Nanostructured hybrids composed of calcite thin films consisting of nanoparticles and assembled aragonite nanorods are formed in the matrices of PVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kajiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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43
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Cantaert B, Beniash E, Meldrum FC. The Role of Poly(Aspartic Acid) in the Precipitation of Calcium Phosphate in Confinement. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:10.1039/C3TB21296C. [PMID: 24409343 PMCID: PMC3881609 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21296c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Many questions remain regarding the formation of ultrathin hydroxapatite (HAP) crystals within the confines of collagen fibrils of bones. These structures form through the interplay of the collagen matrix and non-collagenous proteins, and in vitro mineralization studies employing poly(aspartic acid) (PAsp) as a mimic of the non-collagenous proteins have generated mineralized fibrils with structures comparable to their biogenic counterparts. In this article, we employ the nanoscale cylindrical pores perforating track-etch filtration membranes to investigate the role of PAsp in controlling the infiltration and crystallization of calcium phosphate (CaP) within confined volumes. Oriented polycrystalline HAP and non-oriented octacalcium phosphate (OCP) rods precipitated within the membrane pores via an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) precursor, where PAsp increased the proportion of OCP rods. Further, ACP crystallized faster within the membranes than in bulk solution when PAsp was present, suggesting that PAsp inhibits crystallization in solution, but promotes it when bound to a substrate. Finally, in contrast to the collagen system, PAsp reduced the yield of intra-membrane mineral and failed to enhance infiltration. This suggests that a specific interaction between the collagen matrix and ACP/PAsp precursor particles drives effective infiltration. Thus, while orientation of HAP crystals can be achieved by confinement alone, the chemistry of the collagen matrix is necessary for efficient mineralisation with CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Cantaert
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. ; Tel: 440113 3436414;
| | - Elia Beniash
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, 15261 PA, USA.; Tel: 01 412 6480108;
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. ; Tel: 440113 3436414;
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44
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Cantaert B, Beniash E, Meldrum FC. Nanoscale confinement controls the crystallization of calcium phosphate: relevance to bone formation. Chemistry 2013; 19:14918-24. [PMID: 24115275 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A key feature of biomineralization processes is that they take place within confined volumes, in which the local environment can have significant effects on mineral formation. Herein, we investigate the influence of confinement on the formation mechanism and structure of calcium phosphate (CaP). This is of particular relevance to the formation of dentine and bone, structures of which are based on highly mineralized collagen fibrils. CaP was precipitated within 25-300 nm diameter, cylindrical pores of track etched and anodised alumina membranes under physiological conditions, in which this system enables systematic study of the effects of the pore size in the absence of a structural match between the matrix and the growing crystals. Our results show that the main products were polycrystalline hydroxapatite (HAP) rods, together with some single crystal octacalcium phosphate (OCP) rods. Notably, we demonstrate that these were generated though an intermediate amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) phase, and that ACP is significantly stabilised in confinement. This effect may have significance to the mineralization of bone, which can occur through a transient ACP phase. We also show that orientation of the HAP comparable, or even superior to that seen in bone can be achieved through confinement effects alone. Although this simple experimental system cannot be considered, a direct mimic of the in vivo formation of ultrathin HAP platelets within collagen fibrils, our results show that the effects of physical confinement should not be neglected when considering the mechanisms of formation of structures, such as bones and teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Cantaert
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT (UK), Fax: (+44) 113-343-6565
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45
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Webber MJ, Berns EJ, Stupp SI. Supramolecular Nanofibers of Peptide Amphiphiles for Medicine. Isr J Chem 2013; 53:530-554. [PMID: 24532851 PMCID: PMC3922220 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peptide nanostructures are an exciting class of supramolecular systems that can be designed for novel therapies with great potential in advanced medicine. This paper reviews progress on nanostructures based on peptide amphiphiles capable of forming one-dimensional assemblies that emulate in structure the nanofibers present in extracellular matrices. These systems are highly tunable using supramolecular chemistry, and can be designed to signal cells directly with bioactive peptides. Peptide amphiphile nanofibers can also be used to multiplex functions through co-assembly and designed to deliver proteins, nucleic acids, drugs, or cells. We illustrate here the functionality of these systems describing their use in regenerative medicine of bone, cartilage, the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, and other tissues. In addition, we highlight recent work on the use of peptide amphiphile assemblies to create hierarchical biomimetic structures with order beyond the nanoscale, and also discuss the future prospects of these supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Webber
- Northwestern University Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois, 60208 USA
- Institute for Bionanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois, 60611 USA
| | - Eric J. Berns
- Northwestern University Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois, 60208 USA
- Institute for Bionanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois, 60611 USA
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Institute for Bionanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois, 60611 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208 USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611 USA
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Li M, Liu W, Sun J, Xianyu Y, Wang J, Zhang W, Zheng W, Huang D, Di S, Long YZ, Jiang X. Culturing primary human osteoblasts on electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/nanohydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:5921-5926. [PMID: 23790233 DOI: 10.1021/am401937m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we fabricated polymeric fibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering using primary human osteoblasts (HOB) as the model cell. By employing one simple approach, electrospinning, we produced poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds with different topographies including microspheres, beaded fibers, and uniform fibers, as well as the PLGA/nanohydroxyapatite (nano-HA) composite scaffold. The bone-bonding ability of electrospun scaffolds was investigated by using simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, and the nano-HA in PLGA/nano-HA composite scaffold can significantly enhance the formation of the bonelike apatites. Furthermore, we carried out in vitro experiments to test the performance of electrospun scaffolds by utilizing both mouse preosteoblast cell line (MC 3T3 E1) and HOB. Results including cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and osteocalcin concentration demonstrated that the PLGA/nano-HA fibers can promote the proliferation of HOB efficiently, indicating that it is a promising scaffold for human bone repair.
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The role of bioactive nanofibers in enamel regeneration mediated through integrin signals acting upon C/EBPα and c-Jun. Biomaterials 2013; 34:3303-14. [PMID: 23398885 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enamel formation involves highly orchestrated intracellular and extracellular events; following development, the tissue is unable to regenerate, making it a challenging target for tissue engineering. We previously demonstrated the ability to trigger enamel differentiation and regeneration in the embryonic mouse incisor using a self-assembling matrix that displayed the integrin-binding epitope RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser). To further elucidate the intracellular signaling pathways responsible for this phenomenon, we explore here the coupling response of integrin receptors to the biomaterial and subsequent downstream gene expression profiles. We demonstrate that the artificial matrix activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK) to increase phosphorylation of both c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and its downstream transcription factor c-Jun (c-Jun). Inhibition of FAK blocked activation of the identified matrix-mediated pathways, while independent inhibition of JNK nearly abolished phosphorylated-c-Jun (p-c-Jun) and attenuated the pathways identified to promote enamel regeneration. Cognate binding sites in the amelogenin promoter were identified to be transcriptionally up-regulated in response to p-c-Jun. Furthermore, the artificial matrix induced gene expression as evidenced by an increased abundance of amelogenin, the main protein expressed during enamel formation, and the CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), which is the known activator of amelogenin expression. Elucidating these cues not only provides guidelines for the design of synthetic regenerative strategies and opportunities to manipulate pathways to regulate enamel regeneration, but can provide insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in tissue formation.
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Tsutsumi H, Mihara H. Soft materials based on designed self-assembling peptides: from design to application. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:609-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mb25442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Abstract
Self-assembly programmed by molecular structure and guided dynamically by energy dissipation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in biological systems that build functional structures from the nanoscale to macroscopic dimensions. This paper describes examples of one-dimensional self-assembly of peptide amphiphiles and the consequent biological functions that emerge in these systems. We also discuss here hierarchical self-assembly of supramolecular peptide nanostructures and polysaccharides, and some new results are reported on supramolecular crystals formed by highly charged peptide amphiphiles. Reflecting on presentations at this Faraday Discussion, the paper ends with a discussion of some of the future opportunities and challenges of the field.
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Newcomb CJ, Moyer TJ, Lee SS, Stupp SI. Advances in cryogenic transmission electron microscopy for the characterization of dynamic self-assembling nanostructures. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2012. [PMID: 23204913 DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the structural information of nanoscale materials in their solvent-exposed state is crucial, as a result, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) has become an increasingly popular technique in the materials science, chemistry, and biology communities. Cryo-TEM provides a method to directly visualize the specimen structure in a solution-state through a thin film of vitrified solvent. This technique complements X-ray, neutron, and light scattering methods that probe the statistical average of all species present; furthermore, cryo-TEM can be used to observe changes in structure over time. In the area of self-assembly, this tool has been particularly powerful for the characterization of natural and synthetic small molecule assemblies, as well as hybrid organic-inorganic composites. In this review, we discuss recent advances in cryogenic TEM in the context of self-assembling systems with emphasis on characterization of transitions observed in response to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Newcomb
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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