1
|
Badami-Behjat A, Galeotti G, Gutzler R, Pastoetter DL, Heckl WM, Feng X, Lackinger M. Iodine passivation facilitates on-surface synthesis of robust regular conjugated two-dimensional organogold networks on Au(111). NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:1042-1051. [PMID: 38639757 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00496a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional conjugated organogold networks with anthra-tetrathiophene repeat units are synthesized by thermally activated debrominative coupling of 2,5,9,12-tetrabromoanthra[1,2-b:4,3-b':5,6-b'':8,7-b''']tetrathiophene (TBATT) precursor molecules on Au(111) surfaces under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. Performing the reaction on iodine-passivated Au(111) surfaces promotes formation of highly regular structures, as revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In contrast, coupling on bare Au(111) surfaces results in less regular networks due to the simultaneous expression of competing intermolecular binding motifs in the absence of error correction. The carbon-Au-carbon bonds confer remarkable robustness to the organogold networks, as evidenced by their high thermal stability. In addition, as suggested by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and underscored by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), the organogold networks exhibit a small electronic band gap in the order of 1.0 eV due to their high π-conjugation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Badami-Behjat
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gianluca Galeotti
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Rico Gutzler
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dominik L Pastoetter
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Heckl
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Markus Lackinger
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Z, Gao Y, Yi Z, Zhang C, Xu W. Separation of Halogen Atoms by Sodium from Dehalogenative Reactions on a Au(111) Surface. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9082-9091. [PMID: 38466951 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
On-surface dehalogenative reactions have been promising in the construction of nanostructures with diverse morphologies and intriguing electronic properties, while halogen (X), as the main byproduct, often impedes the formation of extended nanostructures and property characterization, and the reaction usually requires high C-X activation temperatures, especially on relatively inert Au(111). Enormous efforts in precursor design, halogen-to-halide conversion, and the introduction of extrinsic metal atoms have been devoted to either eliminating dissociated halogens or reducing reaction barriers. However, it is still challenging to separate halogens from molecular systems while facilitating C-X activation under mild conditions. Herein, a versatile halogen separation strategy has been developed based on the introduction of extrinsic sodium (Na) into dehalogenative reactions on Au(111) as model systems that both isolates the dissociated halogens and facilitates the C-Br activation under mild conditions. Moreover, the combination of scanning tunneling microscopy imaging and density functional theory calculations reveals the formation of sodium halides (NaX) from halogens in these separation processes as well as the reduction in reaction temperatures and barriers, demonstrating the versatility of extrinsic sodium as an effective "cleaner" and "dehalogenator" of surface halogens. Our study demonstrates a valuable strategy to facilitate the on-surface dehalogenative reactions, which will assist in the precise fabrication of low-dimensional carbon nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Gao
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Zewei Yi
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Gong WW, Zhao Y, Xing GY, Kang LX, Sha F, Huang ZY, Liu JW, Han YJ, Li P, Li DY, Liu PN. Two-Dimensional Nonbenzenoid Heteroacene Crystals Synthesized via In-Situ Embedding of Ladder Bipyrazinylenes on Au(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318142. [PMID: 38265124 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Precisely introducing topological defects is an important strategy in nanographene crystal engineering because defects can tune π-electronic structures and control molecular assemblies. The synergistic control of the synthesis and assembly of nanographenes by embedding the topological defects to afford two-dimensional (2D) crystals on surfaces is still a great challenge. By in-situ embedding ladder bipyrazinylene (LBPy) into acene, the narrowest nanographene with zigzag edges, we have achieved the precise preparation of 2D nonbenzenoid heteroacene crystals on Au(111). Through intramolecular electrocyclization of o-diisocyanides and Au adatom-directed [2+2] cycloaddition, the nonbenzenoid heteroacene products are produced with high chemoselectivity, and lead to the molecular 2D assembly via LBPy-derived interlocking hydrogen bonds. Using bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy, we determined the atomic structures of the nonbenzenoid heteroacene product and diverse organometallic intermediates. The tunneling spectroscopy measurements revealed the electronic structure of the nonbenzenoid heteroacene, which is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The observed distinct organometallic intermediates during progression annealing combined with DFT calculations demonstrated that LBPy formation proceeds via electrocyclization of o-diisocyanides, trapping of heteroarynes by Au adatoms, and stepwise elimination of Au adatoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Gong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Yan Xing
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xia Kang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Feng Sha
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Yang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Jie Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Deng-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ren J, Koy M, Osthues H, Lammers BS, Gutheil C, Nyenhuis M, Zheng Q, Xiao Y, Huang L, Nalop A, Dai Q, Gao HJ, Mönig H, Doltsinis NL, Fuchs H, Glorius F. On-surface synthesis of ballbot-type N-heterocyclic carbene polymers. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1737-1744. [PMID: 37640855 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are established ligands for metal complexes and surfaces. Here we go beyond monomeric NHCs and report on the synthesis of NHC polymers on gold surfaces, consisting of ballbot-type repeating units bound to single Au adatoms. We designed, synthesized and deposited precursors containing different halogens on gold surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum. Conformational, electronic and charge transport properties were assessed by combining low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, non-contact atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, first-principles calculations and reactive force field simulations. The confirmed ballbot-type nature of the NHCs explains the high surface mobility of the incommensurate NHC polymers, which is prerequisite for their desired spatial alignment. The delicate balance between mobility and polymerization rate allows essential parameters for controlling polymer directionality to be derived. These polymers open up new opportunities in the fields of nanoelectronics, surface functionalization and catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, PR China
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian Koy
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Helena Osthues
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Bertram Schulze Lammers
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Gutheil
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Marvin Nyenhuis
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Qi Zheng
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Huang
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Arne Nalop
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Harry Mönig
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
- Center for Nanotechnology, Münster, Germany.
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
- Center for Nanotechnology, Münster, Germany.
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Lu J, Zhang Y, Sun S, Xiong W, Chen L, Fu B, Geng J, Niu G, Li S, Yang Y, Sun L, Cai J. On-surface synthesis of Au-C4 and Au-O4 alternately arranged organometallic coordination networks via selective aromatic C-H bond activation. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:184701. [PMID: 37937937 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective activation of the C-H bond of aromatic hydrocarbons is significant in synthetic chemistry. However, achieving oriented C-H activation remains challenging due to the poor selectivity of aromatic C-H bonds. Herein, we successfully constructed alternately arranged Au-C4 and Au-O4 organometallic coordination networks through selective aromatic C-H bond activation on Au(111) substrate. The stepwise reaction process of the 5, 12-dibromopyrene 3,4,9, 10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride precursor is monitored by high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy. Our results show that the gold atoms in C-Au-C organometallic chains play a crucial role in promoting the selective ortho C-H bonds activation and forming Au-C4 coordination structure, which is further demonstrated by a comparative experiment of PTCDA precursor on Au(111). Furthermore, our experiment of 2Br-PTCDA precursor on Cu(111) substrate confirms that copper atoms in C-Cu-C organometallic chains can also assist the formation of Cu-C4 coordination structure. Our results reveal the vital effect of organometallic coordination on selective C-H bond activation of reactants, which holds promising implications for controllable on-surface synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Jianchen Lu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Shijie Sun
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Linghui Chen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Boyu Fu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Jianqun Geng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Gefei Niu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Shicheng Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Yuhang Yang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Li Sun
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Jinming Cai
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xi J, Xue R, Li X, Lin Y, Peng G, Wang J, You S, Xu C, Zhang H, Chi L. Highly Selective On-Surface [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Induced by Hierarchical Metal-Organic Hybrids. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1585-1591. [PMID: 36748856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis of phenylenes is a promising strategy to form extended π-conjugated frameworks but normally lacks selectivity in achieving uniform products. Herein we demonstrate that the debromination reaction of 2,3-dibromophenazine (DBPZ) on Au(111) and Ag(111) surfaces can vary significantly considering the involvement of metal-organic hybrids (MOHs). On Au(111), [2 + 2] and [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions facilitate instantaneously upon the debromination occurring, while on Ag(111), several MOHs have been observed under sequential thermal annealing, leading to finally the uniform [2 + 2] cycloaddition product exclusively. By means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and bond-resolved atomic force microscopy (BR-AFM), we have unambiguously depicted the chemical structure of related reaction intermediates and unraveled the undocumented role of hierarchical evolution of MOHs in steering the chemical selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Xi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Renjie Xue
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xuechao Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Guyue Peng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Sifan You
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Chaojie Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lowe B, Hellerstedt J, Matěj A, Mutombo P, Kumar D, Ondráček M, Jelinek P, Schiffrin A. Selective Activation of Aromatic C–H Bonds Catalyzed by Single Gold Atoms at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21389-21397. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lowe
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Jack Hellerstedt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 46Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dhaneesh Kumar
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Martin Ondráček
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelinek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Agustin Schiffrin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhong Q, Niu K, Chen L, Zhang H, Ebeling D, Björk J, Müllen K, Schirmeisen A, Chi L. Substrate-Modulated Synthesis of Metal-Organic Hybrids by Tunable Multiple Aryl-Metal Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8214-8222. [PMID: 35442656 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Assembly of semiconducting organic molecules with multiple aryl-metal covalent bonds into stable one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) metal-organic frameworks represents a promising route to the integration of single-molecule electronics in terms of structural robustness and charge transport efficiency. Although various metastable organometallic frameworks have been constructed by the extensive use of single aryl-metal bonds, it remains a great challenge to embed multiple aryl-metal bonds into these structures due to inadequate knowledge of harnessing such complex bonding motifs. Here, we demonstrate the substrate-modulated synthesis of 1D and 2D metal-organic hybrids (MOHs) with the organic building blocks (perylene) interlinked solely with multiple aryl-metal bonds via the stepwise thermal dehalogenation of 3,4,9,10-tetrabromo-1,6,7,12-tetrachloroperylene and subsequent metal-organic connection on metal surfaces. More importantly, the conversion from 1D to 2D MOHs is completely impeded on Au(111) but dominant on Ag(111). We comprehensively study the distinct reaction pathways on the two surfaces by visually tracking the structural evolution of the MOHs with high-resolution scanning tunneling and noncontact atomic force microscopy, supported by first-principles density functional theory calculations. The substrate-dependent structural control of the MOHs is attributed to the variation of the M-X (M = Au, Ag; X = C, Cl) bond strength regulated by the nature of the metal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qigang Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China.,Institute of Applied Physics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kaifeng Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China.,Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Long Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Daniel Ebeling
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - André Schirmeisen
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Han Y, Wang J, Song L, Zheng Y, Li Y, Lin H, Li Q, Chi L. A Fundamental Role of the Molecular Length in Forming Metal-Organic Hybrids of Phenol Derivatives on Silver Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1869-1875. [PMID: 33586446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In on-surface chemistry, the efficient preparation of metal-organic hybrids is regarded as a primary path to mediate controlled synthesis of well-ordered low-dimensional organic nanostructures. The fundamental mechanisms in forming these hybrid structures, however, are so far insufficiently explored. Here, with scanning tunneling microscopy, we studied the bonding behavior of the adsorbed phenol derivatives with different molecular lengths. We reveal that shorter molecules favor bonding with extracted metal adatoms and result in metal-organic hybrids, whereas longer molecules prefer to bond with lattice metal atoms. The conclusions are further confirmed by density functional theory calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Han
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Luying Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuanjing Zheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zuzak R, Brandimarte P, Olszowski P, Izydorczyk I, Markoulides M, Such B, Kolmer M, Szymonski M, Garcia-Lekue A, Sánchez-Portal D, Gourdon A, Godlewski S. On-Surface Synthesis of Chlorinated Narrow Graphene Nanoribbon Organometallic Hybrids. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10290-10297. [PMID: 33226814 PMCID: PMC7751011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and their derivatives attract growing attention due to their excellent electronic and magnetic properties as well as the fine-tuning of such properties that can be obtained by heteroatom substitution and/or edge morphology modification. Here, we introduce graphene nanoribbon derivatives-organometallic hybrids with gold atoms incorporated between the carbon skeleton and side Cl atoms. We show that narrow chlorinated 5-AGNROHs (armchair graphene nanoribbon organometallic hybrids) can be fabricated by on-surface polymerization with omission of the cyclodehydrogenation reaction by a proper choice of tailored molecular precursors. Finally, we describe a route to exchange chlorine atoms connected through gold atoms to the carbon skeleton by hydrogen atom treatment. This is achieved directly on the surface, resulting in perfect unsubstituted hydrogen-terminated GNRs. This will be beneficial in the molecule on-surface processing when the preparation of final unsubstituted hydrocarbon structure is desired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Pedro Brandimarte
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Piotr Olszowski
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Irena Izydorczyk
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marios Markoulides
- CEMES-CNRS
(UPR 8011), BP 94347, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Bartosz Such
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Kolmer
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Szymonski
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - André Gourdon
- CEMES-CNRS
(UPR 8011), BP 94347, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu H, Wenlong E, Ma Z, Yang X. Organometallic polymers synthesized from prochiral molecules by a surface-assisted synthesis on Ag(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8141-8145. [PMID: 32248207 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06893g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic polymers can be successfully synthesized on a Ag(111) surface via a surface-assisted synthesis by choosing prochiral 4,4'-dibromo-2,2'-bis(2-phenylethynyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (DBPB) molecules as the designed precursor. High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy investigation reveals that prochiral molecules show chirality on a surface and can evolve into organometallic chains on the Ag(111) surface based on Ullmann coupling. Due to the special structural features of DBPB molecules, chiral selectivity will be lost in the organometallic polymers. This result may provide an important basis for selecting suitable precursors to fabricate chiral covalent nanostructures on a surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - E Wenlong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, P. R. China.
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, P. R. China. and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Di Giovannantonio M, Keerthi A, Urgel JI, Baumgarten M, Feng X, Ruffieux P, Narita A, Fasel R, Müllen K. On-Surface Dehydro-Diels-Alder Reaction of Dibromo-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1721-1725. [PMID: 31931559 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis under ultrahigh vacuum conditions is a powerful tool to achieve molecular structures that cannot be accessed via traditional wet chemistry. Nevertheless, only a very limited number of chemical reactions out of the wide variety known from solution chemistry have been reported to proceed readily on atomically flat substrates. Cycloadditions are a class of reactions that are particularly important in the synthesis of sp2-hybridized carbon-based nanostructures. Here, we report on a specific type of [4 + 2] cycloaddition, namely, a dehydro-Diels-Alder (DDA) reaction, performed between bis(phenylethynyl)-benzene precursors on Au(111). Unlike a Diels-Alder reaction, DDA exploits ethynyl groups to achieve the formation of an extra six-membered ring. Despite its extensive use in solution chemistry for more than a century, this reaction has never been reported to occur on surfaces. The specific choice of our precursor molecule has led to the successful synthesis of benzo- and naphtho-fused tetracene and heptacene products bearing styryl groups, as confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy. The two products arise from dimerization and trimerization of the precursor molecules, respectively, and their observation opens perspectives to use DDA reactions as a novel on-surface synthesis tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Giovannantonio
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Ashok Keerthi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Department of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , M13 9PL Manchester , U.K
| | - José I Urgel
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | | | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , 904-0495 Okinawa , Japan
| | - Roman Fasel
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , 3012 Bern , Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Karan S, Geng Y, Decurtins S, Liu SX, Repp J. Gold-linked strings of donor–acceptor dyads: on-surface formation and mutual orientation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7901-7904. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02990d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Strings of fused donor–acceptors with their dipoles following a complicated correlation driven partially by next-nearest-neighbor effects on Au(111).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Karan
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics
- University of Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- 3012 Bern
- Switzerland
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- 3012 Bern
- Switzerland
| | - Shi-Xia Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- 3012 Bern
- Switzerland
| | - Jascha Repp
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics
- University of Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Z, Liu M, Chen S, Wang J, Guo D, Zhong D. On-surface synthesis of gold–coronene molecular wires. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11239-11242. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04540c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorocoronene undergoes selective dehalogenation under the one-dimensional constraint by intermolecular interactions, resulting in the formation of gold–coronene wires on Au(111) surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
| | - Meizhuang Liu
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
| | - Shenwei Chen
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
| | - Jiaobing Wang
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- China
| | - Donghui Guo
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- China
| | - Dingyong Zhong
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen H, Zhu H, Huang Z, Rong W, Wu K. Two-Sidedness of Surface Reaction Mediation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902080. [PMID: 31418920 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A heterogeneous catalytic process involves many surface elementary steps that affect the overall catalytic performance in one way or another. In general, a high-performance heterogeneous catalyst should meet the main criteria: excellent catalytic activity and high selectivity toward target products. Using surface science techniques, the two-sidedness of the surface reaction mediations can be explored, from the perspectives of the surface and the molecule manipulations. The surface manipulation refers to a reaction that is mediated by composition and structure of the substrate as well as surface species, while the molecular manipulation relates to a reaction that is mediated by the reacting molecule via the precursor selection, environmental control, or external excitation. The best catalytic system should consist of the most efficient catalyst and the best suitable reacting molecule, in addition to its economic benefit and environmental amity. Recent research progress in surface reaction mediation is outlined, and its two-sidedness is governed by the Arrhenius equation. This should shed new light on the connection between basic theory and surface reaction mediation strategies. To conclude, challenges and possible opportunities are elaborated for efficient surface reaction mediations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhichao Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenhui Rong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang R, Xia B, Xu H, Lin N. Identifying Multinuclear Organometallic Intermediates in On‐Surface [2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16485-16489. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Department of PhysicsThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Bowen Xia
- Department of PhysicsThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Hu Xu
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of PhysicsThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang R, Xia B, Xu H, Lin N. Identifying Multinuclear Organometallic Intermediates in On‐Surface [2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Bowen Xia
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Hu Xu
- Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dai J, Zhao W, Xing L, Shang J, Ju H, Zhou X, Liu J, Chen Q, Wang Y, Zhu J, Wu K. Dechlorinated Ullmann Coupling Reaction of Aryl Chlorides on Ag(111): A Combined STM and XPS Study. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2367-2375. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Dai
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Lingbo Xing
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jian Shang
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Huanxin Ju
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China
| | - Xiong Zhou
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jing Liu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices Department of ElectronicsPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kang F, Xu W. On-Surface Synthesis of One-Dimensional Carbon-Based Nanostructures via C-X and C-H Activation Reactions. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2251-2261. [PMID: 31081259 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed the emergence of low-dimensional carbon-based nanostructures owing to their unique properties and various subsequent applications. It is of fundamental importance to explore ways to achieve atomically precise fabrication of these interesting structures. The newly developed on-surface synthesis approach provides an efficient strategy for this challenging issue, demonstrating the potential of atomically precise preparation of low-dimensional nanostructures. Up to now, the formation of various surface nanostructures, especially carbon-based ones, such as graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), kinds of organic (organometallic) chains and films, have been achieved via on-surface synthesis strategy, in which in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanism has also been explored. This review article will provide a general overview on the formation of one-dimensional carbon-based nanostructures via on-surface synthesis method. In this review, only a part of the on-surface chemical reactions (specifically, C-X (X=Cl, Br, I) and C-H activation reactions) under ultra-high vacuum conditions will be covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faming Kang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center and, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center and, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun K, Ji P, Zhang J, Wang J, Li X, Xu X, Zhang H, Chi L. On-Surface Synthesis of 8- and 10-Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804526. [PMID: 30891917 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) with 8 and 10 carbon atoms in width (8- and 10-AGNRs) are synthesized on Au (111) surfaces via lateral fusion of nanoribbons that belong to different subfamilies. Poly-para-phenylene (3-AGNR) chains are pre-synthesized as ladder ribbons on Au (111). Subsequently, synthesized 5- and 7-AGNRs can laterally fuse with 3-AGNRs upon annealing at higher temperature, producing 8- and 10-AGNRs, respectively. The synthetic process, and their geometric and electronic structures are characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS). STS investigations reveal the band gap of 10-AGNR (2.0 ± 0.1 eV) and a large apparent band gap of 8-AGNRs (2.3 ± 0.1 eV) on Au (111) surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Penghui Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jinxi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xuechao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Skidin D, Erdmann T, Nikipar S, Eisenhut F, Krüger J, Günther F, Gemming S, Kiriy A, Voit B, Ryndyk DA, Joachim C, Moresco F, Cuniberti G. Tuning the conductance of a molecular wire by the interplay of donor and acceptor units. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17131-17139. [PMID: 30182095 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05031g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the conductance of optimized donor-acceptor-donor molecular wires obtained by on-surface synthesis on the Au(111) surface. A careful balance between acceptors and donors is achieved using a diketopyrrolopyrrole acceptor and two thiophene donors per unit along the wire. Scanning tunneling microscopy imaging, spectroscopy, and conductance measurements done by pulling a single molecular wire at one end are presented. We show that the conductance of the obtained wires is among the highest reported so far in a tunneling transport regime, with an inverse decay length of 0.17 Å-1. Using complex band structure calculations, different donor and acceptor groups are discussed, showing how a balanced combination of donor and acceptor units along the wire can further minimize the decay of the tunneling current with length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Skidin
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jacobse PH, van den Hoogenband A, Moret ME, Klein Gebbink RJM, Swart I. Aryl Radical Geometry Determines Nanographene Formation on Au(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 55:13052-13055. [PMID: 27632976 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Ullmann coupling has been used extensively as a synthetic tool for the formation of C-C bonds on surfaces. Thus far, most syntheses made use of aryl bromides or aryl iodides. We investigated the applicability of an aryl chloride in the bottom-up assembly of graphene nanoribbons. Specifically, the reactions of 10,10'-dichloro-9,9'-bianthryl (DCBA) on Au(111) were studied. Using atomic resolution non-contact AFM, the structure of various coupling products and intermediates were resolved, allowing us to reveal the important role of the geometry of the intermediate aryl radicals in the formation mechanism. For the aryl chloride, cyclodehydrogenation occurs before dehalogenation and polymerization. Due to their geometry, the planar bisanthene radicals display a different coupling behavior compared to the staggered bianthryl radicals formed when aryl bromides are used. This results in oligo- and polybisanthenes with predominantly fluoranthene-type connections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Jacobse
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adri van den Hoogenband
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc-Etienne Moret
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Robertus J M Klein Gebbink
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingmar Swart
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rodríguez-Fernández J, Schmidt SB, Lauritsen JV. Sulfur-driven switching of the Ullmann coupling on Au(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3621-3624. [PMID: 29577149 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a method to selectively switch the Ullmann coupling reaction of 2,8-dibromodibenzothiophene on a Au(111) support. The Ullmann coupling reaction is effective already at low temperature, but the complete inhibition of the same reaction can be achieved on Au(111) pre-exposed to H2S. The marked difference in reactivity of pretreated Au(111) is explained by the S-passivation of free Au atoms emerging from reconstruction sites. The inhibited state can be fully lifted by removing the S via hydrogen gas post-exposure.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sun K, Chen A, Liu M, Zhang H, Duan R, Ji P, Li L, Li Q, Li C, Zhong D, Müllen K, Chi L. Surface-Assisted Alkane Polymerization: Investigation on Structure–Reactivity Relationship. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4820-4825. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aixi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meizhuang Liu
- School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruomeng Duan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Penghui Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, People’s Republic of China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dingyong Zhong
- School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu J, Fu X, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao D, Chen W, Xu GQ, Liao P, Wu K. Stabilizing surface Ag adatoms into tunable single atom arrays by terminal alkyne assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:12944-12947. [PMID: 27747352 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06444b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ordered two-dimensional arrays of silver adatoms with tunable metal atom density stabilized by 1,4-diethynyl-2,5-dimethylbenzene, a terminal alkyne, were prepared on Ag(111) and scrutinized by scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations. Stabilization of the adatom arrays was attributed to the substrate-mediated electron localizations of the Ag adatom and terminal alkynyl in the molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiangyu Fu
- MOE Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yajie Zhang
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- MOE Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore and SPURc, 1 CREATE Way, #15-01, CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Guo Qin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore and SPURc, 1 CREATE Way, #15-01, CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Peilin Liao
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. and SPURc, 1 CREATE Way, #15-01, CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shi KJ, Zhang X, Shu CH, Li DY, Wu XY, Liu PN. Ullmann coupling reaction of aryl chlorides on Au(111) using dosed Cu as a catalyst and the programmed growth of 2D covalent organic frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:8726-9. [PMID: 27334002 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03137d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of Ullmann reaction of aryl chlorides on an Au(111) surface has been substantially increased by using dosed Cu as a catalyst. The different reactivity of aryl bromides and aryl chlorides has been exploited to design a programmed, on-surface synthesis to form 2D covalent organic frameworks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ji Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Chen Hui Shu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Deng Yuan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xin Yan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Pei Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kalashnyk N, Dumur F, Gigmes D, Clair S. Molecular adaptation in supramolecular self-assembly: brickwall-type phases of indacene-tetrone on silver surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8510-8513. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04883e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Different contrasts are observed via STM in brickwall phases of indacene-tetrone resulting from the adaptation on different epitaxial templates.
Collapse
|
28
|
Hötger D, Carro P, Gutzler R, Wurster B, Chandrasekar R, Klyatskaya S, Ruben M, Salvarezza RC, Kern K, Grumelli D. Polymorphism and metal-induced structural transformation in 5,5′-bis(4-pyridyl)(2,2′-bispyrimidine) adlayers on Au(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:15960-15969. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07746g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Addition of iron to a self-assembled molecular network can lift polymorphism and leads to the expression of one single metal–organic structure on a surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hötger
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Pilar Carro
- Área de Química Física
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de La Laguna
- Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología
- Tenerife
| | - Rico Gutzler
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Benjamin Wurster
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Rajadurai Chandrasekar
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Svetlana Klyatskaya
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
- IPCMS-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg
| | - Roberto C. Salvarezza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET – Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16
- (1900) La Plata
- Argentina
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
- Institut de Physique
- École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne
| | - Doris Grumelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET – Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16
- (1900) La Plata
- Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tran BV, Pham TA, Grunst M, Kivala M, Stöhr M. Surface-confined [2 + 2] cycloaddition towards one-dimensional polymers featuring cyclobutadiene units. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:18305-18310. [PMID: 29143027 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06187k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Surface-confined synthesis has been offering a wide range of opportunities for the construction of novel molecular nanostructures. Exploring new types of on-surface coupling reactions is considered essential for being able to deliberately tune the materials properties. Here, we report on the formation of a covalent C-C bonding motif, namely 1,3-cyclobutadiene, via surface-confined [2 + 2] cycloaddition between pyrene moieties using low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (LT-STM) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. By employing a hydrogen dosing treatment together with low-temperature activation, we were able to both eliminate residual byproducts and obtain covalent 1D polymers through the formation of 1,3-cyclobutadiene units. The resulting C-C bonding motif has so far hardly been explored in surface chemistry and substantial evidence is provided that the hydrogen treatment is crucial towards the removal of byproducts in surface-confined polymerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bay V Tran
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen Y, Sun Q. Magnetic two-dimensional organic topological insulator: Au–1,3,5-triethynylbenzene framework. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:104704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4991427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Urgel JI, Hayashi H, Di Giovannantonio M, Pignedoli CA, Mishra S, Deniz O, Yamashita M, Dienel T, Ruffieux P, Yamada H, Fasel R. On-Surface Synthesis of Heptacene Organometallic Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11658-11661. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José I. Urgel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Carlo A. Pignedoli
- NCCR MARVEL, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Shantanu Mishra
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Okan Deniz
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Masataka Yamashita
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Thomas Dienel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fan Q, Wang T, Dai J, Kuttner J, Hilt G, Gottfried JM, Zhu J. On-Surface Pseudo-High-Dilution Synthesis of Macrocycles: Principle and Mechanism. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5070-5079. [PMID: 28419801 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrocycles have attracted much attention due to their specific "endless" topology, which results in extraordinary properties compared to related linear (open-chain) molecules. However, challenges still remain in their controlled synthesis with well-defined constitution and geometry. Here, we report the successful application of the (pseudo-)high-dilution method to the conditions of on-surface synthesis in ultrahigh vacuum. This approach leads to high yields (up to 84%) of cyclic hyperbenzene ([18]-honeycombene) via an Ullmann-type reaction from 4,4″-dibromo-meta-terphenyl (DMTP) as precursor on a Ag(111) surface. The mechanism of macrocycle formation was explored in detail using scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. We propose that the dominant pathway for hyperbenzene (MTP)6 formation is the stepwise desilverization of an organometallic (MTP-Ag)6 macrocycle, which forms via cyclization of (MTP-Ag)6 chains under pseudo-high-dilution conditions. The high probability of cyclization on the stage of the organometallic phase results from the reversibility of the C-Ag bond. The case is different from that in solution, in which cyclization typically occurs on the stage of a covalently bonded open-chain precursor. This difference in the cyclization mechanism on a surface compared to that in solution stems mainly from the 2D confinement exerted by the surface template, which hinders the flipping of chain segments necessary for cyclization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qitang Fan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029, P.R. China
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| | - Jingya Dai
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| | - Julian Kuttner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hilt
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - J Michael Gottfried
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pham TA, Tran BV, Nguyen MT, Stöhr M. Chiral-Selective Formation of 1D Polymers Based on Ullmann-Type Coupling: The Role of the Metallic Substrate. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603675. [PMID: 28121375 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The chiral-selective formation of 1D polymers from a prochiral molecule, namely, 6,12-dibromochrysene in dependence of the type of metal surface is demonstrated by a combined scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory study. Deposition of the chosen molecule on Au(111) held at room temperature leads to the formation of a 2D porous molecular network. Upon annealing at 200 °C, an achiral covalently linked polymer is formed on Au(111). On the other hand, a chiral Cu-coordinated polymer is spontaneously formed upon deposition of the molecules on Cu(111) held at room temperature. Importantly, it is found that the chiral-selectivity determines the possibility of obtaining graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). On Au(111), upon annealing at 350 °C or higher cyclo-dehydrogenation occurs transforming the achiral polymer into a GNR. In contrast, the chiral coordination polymer on Cu(111) cannot be converted into a GNR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Anh Pham
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bay V Tran
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manh-Thuong Nguyen
- Center for Computational Physics, Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 10 Dao Tan St., Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu M, Liu M, She L, Zha Z, Pan J, Li S, Li T, He Y, Cai Z, Wang J, Zheng Y, Qiu X, Zhong D. Graphene-like nanoribbons periodically embedded with four- and eight-membered rings. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14924. [PMID: 28361958 PMCID: PMC5381008 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Embedding non-hexagonal rings into sp2-hybridized carbon networks is considered a promising strategy to enrich the family of low-dimensional graphenic structures. However, non-hexagonal rings are energetically unstable compared to the hexagonal counterparts, making it challenging to embed non-hexagonal rings into carbon-based nanostructures in a controllable manner. Here, we report an on-surface synthesis of graphene-like nanoribbons with periodically embedded four- and eight-membered rings. The scanning tunnelling microscopy and atomic force microscopy study revealed that four- and eight-membered rings are formed between adjacent perylene backbones with a planar configuration. The non-hexagonal rings as a topological modification markedly change the electronic properties of the nanoribbons. The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied ribbon states are mainly distributed around the eight- and four-membered rings, respectively. The realization of graphene-like nanoribbons comprising non-hexagonal rings demonstrates a controllable route to fabricate non-hexagonal rings in nanoribbons and makes it possible to unveil their unique properties induced by non-hexagonal rings. Graphene nanoribbons consist of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Despite non-hexagonal rings generally being more unstable, the authors demonstrate the successful synthesis of graphene-like nanoribbons with periodically embedded four- and eight-membered carbon rings, with tailored electronic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meizhuang Liu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Limin She
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeqi Zha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinliang Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shichao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyong He
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeying Cai
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaobing Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dingyong Zhong
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Surface-assisted Ullmann coupling is both drosophila and workhorse of on-surface synthesis. The fabrication of novel covalent low-dimensional organic nanostructures is accompanied by fundamental studies of surface chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Lackinger
- Deutsches Museum
- 80538 München
- Germany
- Physics Department
- Technische Universität München
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang H, Chi L. Gold-Organic Hybrids: On-Surface Synthesis and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10492-10498. [PMID: 27628247 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gold-organic hybrids can be prepared on gold substrates by on-surface dehalogenation of molecular precursors with multiple halogen substituents. Various contact geometries of covalent arylAu bonds are achieved by changing the halogen substituents in the bay or peri regions. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) investigations allow a better understanding of the structure/property relationships in various gold-aryl contacts. Recent progress on the synthesis, large-scale alignment, and STS measurement of gold-organic hybrids is described, ending with an emphasis on potential future applications, e.g., as precursors (intermediates) for the synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) on insulating surfaces, and as a model system to investigate the role of covalent arylAu bonds in electron transport through gold-GNR contacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jacobse PH, van den Hoogenband A, Moret ME, Klein Gebbink RJM, Swart I. Aryl Radical Geometry Determines Nanographene Formation on Au(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Jacobse
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces; Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science; Utrecht University; PO Box 80000 3508 TA Utrecht The Netherlands
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis; Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science; Utrecht University; Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Adri van den Hoogenband
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis; Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science; Utrecht University; Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Marc-Etienne Moret
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis; Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science; Utrecht University; Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis; Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science; Utrecht University; Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Ingmar Swart
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces; Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science; Utrecht University; PO Box 80000 3508 TA Utrecht The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang G, Rühling A, Amirjalayer S, Knor M, Ernst JB, Richter C, Gao HJ, Timmer A, Gao HY, Doltsinis NL, Glorius F, Fuchs H. Ballbot-type motion of N-heterocyclic carbenes on gold surfaces. Nat Chem 2016; 9:152-156. [PMID: 28282049 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) were introduced as alternative anchors for surface modifications and so offered many attractive features, which might render them superior to thiol-based systems. However, little effort has been made to investigate the self-organization process of NHCs on surfaces, an important aspect for the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), which requires molecular mobility. Based on investigations with scanning tunnelling microscopy and first-principles calculations, we provide an understanding of the microscopic mechanism behind the high mobility observed for NHCs. These NHCs extract a gold atom from the surface, which leads to the formation of an NHC-gold adatom complex that displays a high surface mobility by a ballbot-type motion. Together with their high desorption barrier this enables the formation of ordered and strongly bound SAMs. In addition, this mechanism allows a complementary surface-assisted synthesis of dimeric and hitherto unknown trimeric NHC gold complexes on the surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoqiang Wang
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Institute of Physics &University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 603, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Andreas Rühling
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marek Knor
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Bruno Ernst
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Richter
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Institute of Physics &University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 603, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Alexander Timmer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hong-Ying Gao
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sun Q, Cai L, Ma H, Yuan C, Xu W. Dehalogenative Homocoupling of Terminal Alkynyl Bromides on Au(111): Incorporation of Acetylenic Scaffolding into Surface Nanostructures. ACS NANO 2016; 10:7023-30. [PMID: 27326451 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
On-surface C-C coupling reactions of molecular precursors with alkynyl functional groups demonstrate great potential for the controllable fabrication of low-dimensional carbon nanostructures/nanomaterials, such as carbyne, graphyne, and graphdiyne, which demand the incorporation of highly active sp-hybridized carbons. Recently, through a dehydrogenative homocoupling reaction of alkynes, the possibility was presented to fabricate surface nanostructures involving acetylenic linkages, while problems lie in the fact that different byproducts are inevitably formed when triggering the reactions at elevated temperatures. In this work, by delicately designing the molecular precursors with terminal alkynyl bromide, we introduce the dehalogenative homocoupling reactions on the surface. As a result, we successfully achieve the formation of dimer structures, one-dimensional molecular wires and two-dimensional molecular networks with acetylenic scaffoldings on an inert Au(111) surface, where the unexpected C-Au-C organometallic intermediates are also observed. This study further supplements the database of on-surface dehalogenative C-C coupling reactions, and more importantly, it provides us an alternative efficient way for incorporating the acetylenic scaffolding into low-dimensional surface nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Cai
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Ma
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxue Yuan
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shi KJ, Yuan DW, Wang CX, Shu CH, Li DY, Shi ZL, Wu XY, Liu PN. Ullmann Reaction of Aryl Chlorides on Various Surfaces and the Application in Stepwise Growth of 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks. Org Lett 2016; 18:1282-5. [PMID: 26938859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
On-surface Ullmann coupling reaction of aryl chlorides has been achieved on Cu(111), Ag(111), and Au(111), and the mechanism has been investigated on the single molecule level using scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory. The different reactivity of the aryl halides was utilized to design a stepwise on-surface synthesis, which affords a zigzag template and then converts to 2D porous networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ji Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ding Wang Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Cheng Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chen Hui Shu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Deng Yuan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zi Liang Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University , No.1 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
| | - Xin Yan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Pei Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pham TA, Song F, Nguyen MT, Li Z, Studener F, Stöhr M. Comparing Ullmann Coupling on Noble Metal Surfaces: On-Surface Polymerization of 1,3,6,8-Tetrabromopyrene on Cu(111) and Au(111). Chemistry 2016; 22:5937-44. [PMID: 26879625 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The on-surface polymerization of 1,3,6,8-tetrabromopyrene (Br4 Py) on Cu(111) and Au(111) surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum conditions was investigated by a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Deposition of Br4 Py on Cu(111) held at 300 K resulted in a spontaneous debromination reaction, generating the formation of a branched coordination polymer network stabilized by C-Cu-C bonds. After annealing at 473 K, the C-Cu-C bonds were converted to covalent C-C bonds, leading to the formation of a covalently linked molecular network of short oligomers. In contrast, highly ordered self-assembled two-dimensional (2D) patterns stabilized by both Br-Br halogen and Br-H hydrogen bonds were observed upon deposition of Br4 Py on Au(111) held at 300 K. Subsequent annealing of the sample at 473 K led to a dissociation of the C-Br bonds and the formation of disordered metal-coordinated molecular networks. Further annealing at 573 K resulted in the formation of covalently linked disordered networks. Importantly, we found that the chosen substrate not only plays an important role as catalyst for the Ullmann reaction, but also influences the formation of different types of intermolecular bonds and thus, determines the final polymer network morphology. DFT calculations further support our experimental findings obtained by STM and XPS and add complementary information on the reaction pathway of Br4 Py on the different substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Anh Pham
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Fei Song
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manh-Thuong Nguyen
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera, 11, 34151, Trieste, Italy
| | - Zheshen Li
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Florian Studener
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lou Z, Wang B, Guo C, Wang K, Zhang H, Xu B. Molecular-level insights of early-stage prion protein aggregation on mica and gold surface determined by AFM imaging and molecular simulation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:371-378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
43
|
Zhang C, Xie L, Wang L, Kong H, Tan Q, Xu W. Atomic-Scale Insight into Tautomeric Recognition, Separation, and Interconversion of Guanine Molecular Networks on Au(111). J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11795-800. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research
Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road
4800, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Xie
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research
Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road
4800, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
| | - Likun Wang
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research
Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road
4800, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihui Kong
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research
Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road
4800, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinggang Tan
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research
Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road
4800, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research
Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road
4800, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Knor M, Gao HY, Amirjalayer S, Studer A, Gao H, Du S, Fuchs H. Stereoselective formation of coordination polymers with 1,4-diaminonaphthalene on various Cu substrates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10854-7. [PMID: 26050616 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03130c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization of 1,4-diaminonaphthalene on various Cu substrates resulting in stereoselectively well-defined metal-organic coordination polymers is reported. By using different crystallographic planes (111), (110) and (100) of a Cu substrate the structure of the resulting coordination polymer was controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Knor
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang H, Lin H, Sun K, Chen L, Zagranyarski Y, Aghdassi N, Duhm S, Li Q, Zhong D, Li Y, Müllen K, Fuchs H, Chi L. On-Surface Synthesis of Rylene-Type Graphene Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4022-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja511995r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Physikalisches
Institut and Center for Nanoscience and Technology (CeNTech), Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Haiping Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | | | - Nabi Aghdassi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Steffen Duhm
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Dingyong Zhong
- Physikalisches
Institut and Center for Nanoscience and Technology (CeNTech), Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- School of Physics and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Youyong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches
Institut and Center for Nanoscience and Technology (CeNTech), Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pham TA, Song F, Alberti MN, Nguyen MT, Trapp N, Thilgen C, Diederich F, Stöhr M. Heat-induced formation of one-dimensional coordination polymers on Au(111): an STM study. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14473-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04940g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Upon annealing, H-bonded nanoribbons are transformed into 1D coordination polymers on Au(111) governed by an unusual threefold coordination bonding motif.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Anh Pham
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Fei Song
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Mariza N. Alberti
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Manh-Thuong Nguyen
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics
- Trieste
- Italy
| | - Nils Trapp
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Carlo Thilgen
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Basagni A, Ferrighi L, Cattelan M, Nicolas L, Handrup K, Vaghi L, Papagni A, Sedona F, Valentin CD, Agnoli S, Sambi M. On-surface photo-dissociation of C–Br bonds: towards room temperature Ullmann coupling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12593-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04317d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The surface-assisted synthesis of gold-organometallic hybrids on the Au(111) surface both by thermo- and light-initiated dehalogenation of bromo-substituted tetracene is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Basagni
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Lara Ferrighi
- Department of Materials Science
- University of Milano-Bicocca
- 20125 Milano
- Italy
| | - Mattia Cattelan
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Louis Nicolas
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan 61
- 94235 Cachan Cedex
- France
| | | | - Luca Vaghi
- Department of Materials Science
- University of Milano-Bicocca
- 20125 Milano
- Italy
| | - Antonio Papagni
- Department of Materials Science
- University of Milano-Bicocca
- 20125 Milano
- Italy
| | - Francesco Sedona
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | | | - Stefano Agnoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Mauro Sambi
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|