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Chen H, Liu Z, Li L, Cai X, Xiang L, Wang S. Peptide Supramolecular Self-Assembly: Regulatory Mechanism, Functional Properties, and Its Application in Foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5526-5541. [PMID: 38457666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Peptide self-assembly, due to its diverse supramolecular nanostructures, excellent biocompatibility, and bright application prospects, has received wide interest from researchers in the fields of biomedicine and green life technology and the food industry. Driven by thermodynamics and regulated by dynamics, peptides spontaneously assemble into supramolecular structures with different functional properties. According to the functional properties derived from peptide self-assembly, applications and development directions in foods can be found and explored. Therefore, in this review, the regulatory mechanism is elucidated from the perspective of self-assembly thermodynamics and dynamics, and the functional properties and application progress of peptide self-assembly in foods are summarized, with a view to more adaptive application scenarios of peptide self-assembly in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou 350300, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Liheng Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xixi Cai
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
| | - Leiwen Xiang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou 350300, P. R. China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
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2
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Boudina M, Elfring GJ. Capillary Imbibition in a Diverging Flexible Channel. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12174-12181. [PMID: 37594738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
We study the imbibition of a wetting liquid between flexible sheets that are fixed at both ends. Assuming a narrow gap between the sheets, we solve the lubrication equation coupled with a slender body deformation. When the sheets are parallel, we find that the deformation initially speeds up the flow, as shown in previous studies, but only up to the middle of the channel. As the channel contracts, the hydrodynamic resistance increases and ultimately slows down the filling process. Below a threshold stiffness, the channel collapses and imbibition stops. We propose a scaling of the filling duration near this threshold. Next, we show that if the sheets are initially tilted with a minimal angle, the channel avoids collapse. The liquid front pulls the diverging sheets and spreads in a nearly parallel portion, which maintains the capillary propulsion and enhances the wicking. Therefore, while it is established that diverging rigid plates imbibe liquids slower than parallel ones do, we show that elasticity reverses this principle: diverging flexible sheets imbibe liquids faster than parallel ones. We find an optimal tilt angle that gives the shortest filling time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouad Boudina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gwynn J Elfring
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
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Liu X, Danglad-Flores J, Eickelmann S, Sun B, Hao J, Riegler H, Li J. Controlled-Alignment Patterns of Dipeptide Micro- and Nanofibers. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10372-10382. [PMID: 35786876 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ordered assemblies of the peptide diphenylalanine (FF) are produced and deposited on planar substrates. The FF aggregate growth is achieved through precipitation from aqueous ammonia solutions induced by solvent evaporation. The applied dip-coating technique confines the FF assembly growth to a narrow zone near the three-phase contact. The growth was observed online by optical microscopy and was investigated systematically as a function of the process parameters. Depending on the external gas flow (to influence solvent evaporation), the withdrawal speed, the initial FF, and the initial ammonia concentrations, FF forms long, straight, and rigid microfibers and/or shorter, curved nanofibers. Under certain process conditions, the FF fibers can also aggregate into stripes. These can be deposited as large arrays of uniform stripes with regular widths and spacings. Scenarios leading to the various types of fibers and the stripe formation are presented and discussed in view of the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany
| | - José Danglad-Flores
- Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany
| | - Stephan Eickelmann
- Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany
| | - Bingbing Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS, Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hans Riegler
- Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany
| | - Junbai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS, Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Ji W, Tang Y, Makam P, Yao Y, Jiao R, Cai K, Wei G, Gazit E. Expanding the Structural Diversity and Functional Scope of Diphenylalanine-Based Peptide Architectures by Hierarchical Coassembly. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17633-17645. [PMID: 34647727 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of the structural diversity of diphenylalanine-based assemblies by molecular modification and solvent alteration has been extensively explored for bio- and nanotechnology. However, regulation of the structural transition of assemblies based on this minimal building block into tunable supramolecular nanostructures and further construction of smart supramolecular materials with multiple responsiveness are still an unmet need. Coassembly, the tactic employed by natural systems to expand the architectural space, has been rarely explored. Herein, we present a coassembly approach to investigate the morphology manipulation of assemblies formed by N-terminally capped diphenylalanine by mixing with various bipyridine derivatives through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The coassembly-induced structural diversity is fully studied by a set of biophysical techniques and computational simulations. Moreover, multiple-responsive two-component supramolecular gels are constructed through the incorporation of functional bipyridine molecules into the coassemblies. This study not only depicts the coassembly strategy to manipulate the hierarchical nanoarchitecture and morphology transition of diphenylalanine-based assemblies by supramolecular interactions but also promotes the rational design and development of smart hydrogel-based biomaterials responsive to various external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Tang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Pandeeswar Makam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Yifei Yao
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ehud Gazit
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Nikoloudakis E, Orphanos E, Agapaki E, Nikolaou V, Charisiadis A, Charalambidis G, Mitraki A, Coutsolelos AG. Molecular self-assembly of porphyrin and BODIPY chromophores connected with diphenylalanine moieties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of diphenylalanine tetra-substituted porphyrin derivatives were synthesized and their self-assembly ability was extensively studied. Apart from investigating the impact of incorporating many peptide moieties onto a porphyrin molecule; another perspective was investigated as well, namely the connection of two different chromophore entities (porphyrin and BODIPY) onto the same diphenylalanine molecule. Interestingly, various supra-molecular nanostructures were observed depending on the solvent mixture as well as the protecting group of the peptides, namely spheres, plaques and fibrils. The obtained self-assemblies were studied via UV-vis absorption and emission spectroscopies. Mainly red shifting was observed, indicating the formation of [Formula: see text]-aggregates in the self-assembled state. However, in one case a blue shifted UV-vis spectrum was obtained suggesting the formation of [Formula: see text]-type aggregates. Concerning the porphyrin-diphenylalanine-BODIPY derivative, additional fluorescence studies were performed in order to examine a possible interaction between the two chromophores in the excited state. Indeed, the emission measurements indicated that upon photo-excitation of the BODIPY entity, a very efficient energy or electron transfer process takes place from the BODIPY molecule to the porphyrin macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Nikoloudakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Orphanos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleni Agapaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vasilis Nikolaou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Asterios Charisiadis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Charalambidis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Anna Mitraki
- University of Crete, Department of Materials Science and Technology and Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.) Foundation for Research and Technology — Hellas (FO.R.T.H.) Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athanassios G. Coutsolelos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Yao P, Zhang J, You S, Qi W, Su R, He Z. Ferrocene-modified peptides as inhibitors against insulin amyloid aggregation based on molecular simulation. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:3076-3086. [PMID: 32202581 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00144a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-based inhibitors have gradually been implicated as drugs for treating protein folding diseases because of their favorable biocompatibility and low toxicity. To develop potential therapeutic strategies for amyloid-related disorders, short peptides modified by Fc, ferrocene-l-Phe-l-Phe (Fc-FF) and ferrocene-l-Phe-l-Tyr (Fc-FY), were used as inhibitors for the investigation of the aggregation behavior of insulin. Firstly, molecular docking predicted the interaction between both Fc-peptides and insulin. Then, the experimental data from ThT, DLS, CD and TEM confirmed that Fc-FF and Fc-FY effectively inhibited insulin fibrillation and disaggregated mature insulin fibrils. Based on a dose-dependent manner, both Fc-peptides can strongly inhibit insulin fibrillation, extend lag phase time, reduce final fibril formation (beyond 99% by Fc-peptides of 400 µM), decrease the formation of high-content β-sheet structures and reduce the size of insulin fibrils. Additionally, we found that compared with Fc-FY, the better inhibitory effect of Fc-FF at concentration below 400 µM was mainly resulted from the difference in π-π interaction and hydrogen bonds between Fc-peptides and insulin, according to molecular dynamics analysis. Our results demonstrated Fc-peptides, Fc-FF and Fc-FY, may play effective roles in the development of new therapeutic drugs or strategies for amyloid-related disorders, and the molecular dynamics simulation may be helpful for designing appropriate inhibitors of anti-amyloidosis diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Yao
- Chemical Engineering Research Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
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Sequeira MA, Herrera MG, Dodero VI. Modulating amyloid fibrillation in a minimalist model peptide by intermolecular disulfide chemical reduction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:11916-11923. [PMID: 31125036 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01846h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptide structural transformation and aggregation is associated with a large number of outsider aetiology diseases, and it is intrinsically linked to amyloid peptide aggregation. Diphenylalanine self-assembled structures are used as robust minimalist beta amyloids not only to elucidate protein aggregation but also to generate hydrogels. Herein, we employed a neutral model peptide Ac-Phe-Phe-Cys-NH2 (Ac-FFC-NH2) to elucidate the role of intermolecular disulfide bonds in protein fibrillation. The Ac-FFC-NH2 peptide initially self-assembles into nanospheres that evolve to amyloid type fibrils under mild oxidative conditions. Incubation of the peptide in the presence of the chemical reduction agent TCEP inhibits the formation of the fibrils, detecting only spherical nanostructures with no secondary structure. Importantly, we triggered the transformation of the preformed linear straight amyloid fibrils to non-fibrillar structures by TCEP treatment. Under this condition, the amyloid bundles are transformed into rings, which evolve to a new spherical microstructure. We showed that the chemical reduction of intermolecular S-S in internal amyloid sequences might favour the off-path intermediates of amyloid fibril growth, even when the fibrils are formed. Our findings demonstrated that in internal amyloid sequences, the formation of intermolecular S-S promotes the formation of amyloid type fibrils; meanwhile, its reduction stabilises non-fibrillar structures. Altogether, this work provides fundamental understanding at the molecular and supramolecular level, thus facilitating the rational design of therapeutic tools for protein aggregation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Sequeira
- Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR-CONICET), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000FTN Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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9
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Yang X, Wang Y, Qi W, Yang B, Liu X, Zhang L, Liu J, Su R, He Z. Construction of Supramolecular Nanostructures with High Catalytic Activity by Photoinduced Hierarchical Co‐Assembly. Chemistry 2019; 25:7896-7902. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science, and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Bohao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Jiangyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science, and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Zhimin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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Nikoloudakis E, Karikis K, Han J, Kokotidou C, Charisiadis A, Folias F, Douvas AM, Mitraki A, Charalambidis G, Yan X, Coutsolelos AG. A self-assembly study of PNA-porphyrin and PNA-BODIPY hybrids in mixed solvent systems. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:3557-3566. [PMID: 30543233 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05667f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) was covalently connected with two different chromophores, namely porphyrin and boron-dipyrromethene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example in the literature where a PNA unit is covalently linked to such chromophores. The self-assembly properties of the hybrids were examined through electron microscopy experiments by adopting the "good-bad" solvent self-assembly protocol. For both hybrids (PNA-TPP and PNA-BDP) we were able to observe distinctive supramolecular architectures. During these studies we investigated the influence of the solvent system, the concentration and the deposition method on the morphology of the formed nanostructures. In the case of PNA-TPP under all examined conditions well-formed nanospheres were obtained. Interestingly, in the PNA-BDP hybrid by simply altering the solvent mixture, self-assemblies of two different morphologies were formed (spherical and flake shaped). Absorption and emission studies suggested the formation of J-aggregates in all the obtained nanostructures. The nano-architectures assembled by PNA conjugates are capable of light-harvesting and producing hydrogen using Pt nanoparticles as a photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Nikoloudakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Mason TO, Buell AK. The Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Mechanisms of Short Aromatic Peptide Self-Assembly. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1174:61-112. [PMID: 31713197 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9791-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of short aromatic peptides and peptide derivatives into a variety of different nano- and microstructures (fibrillar gels, crystals, spheres, plates) is a promising route toward the creation of bio-compatible materials with often unexpected and useful properties. Furthermore, such simple self-assembling systems have been proposed as model systems for the self-assembly of longer peptides, a process that can be linked to biological function and malfunction. Much effort has been made in the last 15 years to explore the space of peptide sequences, chemical modifications and solvent conditions in order to maximise the diversity of assembly morphologies and properties. However, quantitative studies of the corresponding mechanisms of, and driving forces for, peptide self-assembly have remained relatively scarce until recently. In this chapter we review the current state of understanding of the thermodynamic driving forces and self-assembly mechanisms of short aromatic peptides into supramolecular structures. We will focus on experimental studies of the assembly process and our perspective will be centered around diphenylalanine (FF), a key motif of the amyloid β sequence and a paradigmatic self-assembly building block. Our main focus is the basic physical chemistry and key structural aspects of such systems, and we will also compare the mechanism of dipeptide aggregation with that of longer peptide sequences into amyloid fibrils, with discussion on how these mechanisms may be revealed through detailed analysis of growth kinetics, thermodynamics and other fundamental properties of the aggregation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O Mason
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander K Buell
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Kong J, Wang Y, Zhang J, Qi W, Su R, He Z. Rationally Designed Peptidyl Virus-Like Particles Enable Targeted Delivery of Genetic Cargo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); 300072 Tianjin China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); 300072 Tianjin China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Zhimin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
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Kong J, Wang Y, Zhang J, Qi W, Su R, He Z. Rationally Designed Peptidyl Virus-Like Particles Enable Targeted Delivery of Genetic Cargo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14032-14036. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); 300072 Tianjin China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); 300072 Tianjin China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Zhimin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
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Yang X, Wang Y, Qi W, Zhang J, Zhang L, Huang R, Su R, He Z. Photo-Induced Polymerization and Reconfigurable Assembly of Multifunctional Ferrocene-Tyrosine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800772. [PMID: 29761626 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The photo-induced reconfigurable assembly of nanostructures via the simultaneous noncovalent and covalent polymerization of a functional ferrocene-tyrosine (Fc-Y) molecule is reported. The Fc-Y monomers can directly self-assemble into nanospheres with a smooth surface driven by noncovalent interactions. By covalent photo-crosslinking of the Fc-Y monomers, the nanospheres transform spontaneously into hollow vesicles composed of hierarchically ordered lamellar structures. It is worth noting that the formed nanostructures exhibit both reducing property for in situ mineralization of gold nanoparticles with tunable biocatalytic behavior, and the redox activity for superior energy storage capacity. The measured energy storage capacity is 31 mAh g-1 for the nanospheres, which is the highest value reported so far for peptide assemblages as supercapacitor. The results offer insights into the dynamic self-assembly of highly ordered multifunctional materials with promising applications in catalysis, sensing, energy and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Renliang Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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15
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Abstract
Self-assembled peptide nanostructures have been increasingly exploited as functional materials for applications in biomedicine and energy. The emergent properties of these nanomaterials determine the applications for which they can be exploited. It has recently been appreciated that nanomaterials composed of multicomponent coassembled peptides often display unique emergent properties that have the potential to dramatically expand the functional utility of peptide-based materials. This review presents recent efforts in the development of multicomponent peptide assemblies. The discussion includes multicomponent assemblies derived from short low molecular weight peptides, peptide amphiphiles, coiled coil peptides, collagen, and β-sheet peptides. The design, structure, emergent properties, and applications for these multicomponent assemblies are presented in order to illustrate the potential of these formulations as sophisticated next-generation bio-inspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Raymond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
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16
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Grzybowski BA, Fitzner K, Paczesny J, Granick S. From dynamic self-assembly to networked chemical systems. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:5647-5678. [PMID: 28703815 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00089h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although dynamic self-assembly, DySA, is a relatively new area of research, the past decade has brought numerous demonstrations of how various types of components - on scales from (macro)molecular to macroscopic - can be arranged into ordered structures thriving in non-equilibrium, steady states. At the same time, none of these dynamic assemblies has so far proven practically relevant, prompting questions about the field's prospects and ultimate objectives. The main thesis of this Review is that formation of dynamic assemblies cannot be an end in itself - instead, we should think more ambitiously of using such assemblies as control elements (reconfigurable catalysts, nanomachines, etc.) of larger, networked systems directing sequences of chemical reactions or assembly tasks. Such networked systems would be inspired by biology but intended to operate in environments and conditions incompatible with living matter (e.g., in organic solvents, elevated temperatures, etc.). To realize this vision, we need to start considering not only the interactions mediating dynamic self-assembly of individual components, but also how components of different types could coexist and communicate within larger, multicomponent ensembles. Along these lines, the review starts with the discussion of the conceptual foundations of self-assembly in equilibrium and non-equilibrium regimes. It discusses key examples of interactions and phenomena that can provide the basis for various DySA modalities (e.g., those driven by light, magnetic fields, flows, etc.). It then focuses on the recent examples where organization of components in steady states is coupled to other processes taking place in the system (catalysis, formation of dynamic supramolecular materials, control of chirality, etc.). With these examples of functional DySA, we then look forward and consider conditions that must be fulfilled to allow components of multiple types to coexist, function, and communicate with one another within the networked DySA systems of the future. As the closing examples show, such systems are already appearing heralding new opportunities - and, to be sure, new challenges - for DySA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz A Grzybowski
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, UNIST, UNIST-gil 50, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Nikoloudakis E, Karikis K, Laurans M, Kokotidou C, Solé-Daura A, Carbó JJ, Charisiadis A, Charalambidis G, Izzet G, Mitraki A, Douvas AM, Poblet JM, Proust A, Coutsolelos AG. Self-assembly study of nanometric spheres from polyoxometalate-phenylalanine hybrids, an experimental and theoretical approach. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:6304-6313. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00380g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyoxometalate-amino acid hybrids (POM-FandPOM-FF) self-assemble into spherical architectures with high reproducibility in several “good–bad” solvent mixtures.
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18
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Angelici G, Górecki M, Pescitelli G, Zanna N, Monari M, Tomasini C. Synthesis and structure analysis of ferrocene-containing pseudopeptides. Biopolymers 2017; 110. [PMID: 29058321 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ferrocene with its aromaticity and facile redox properties is an attractive moiety to be incorporated into functional moieties. Medicinal applications of ferrocene are well known and ferrocene itself shows cytotoxic and antianemic properties. In this article, we will describe the synthesis and the structure analysis of two pseudopeptides containing a ferrocene moiety as N-terminal group. After purification, Fc-l-Phe-d-Oxd-OBn [l-Phel-phenylalanine; d-Oxd(4R,5S)-4-Methyl-5-carboxy-oxazolidin-2-one] appears as bright brown solid that spontaneously forms brown needles. The X-ray diffraction of the crystals shows the presence of strong π interactions between the ferrocenyl moiety and the phenyl rings, while no NH•••OC hydrogen bonds are formed. This result is confirmed by FT-IR and 1 H NMR analysis. In contrast, both FT-IR and 1 H NMR analysis suggest that Fc-(l-Phe-d-Oxd)2 -OBn forms a turn conformation stabilized by intramolecular NH•••OC hydrogen bonds in solution. Chiroptical spectroscopies (ECD and VCD) substantially confirmed the absence of a well-defined folded structure. The presence of the Fc moiety is responsible for specific ECD signals, one of which displayed pronounced temperature dependence and is directly related with the helicity assumed by the Fc core. Solid-state ECD spectra were recorded and rationalized on the basis of the X-ray geometry and quantum-mechanical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Angelici
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa - Via Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Marcin Górecki
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa - Via Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry - Polish Academy of Sciences - ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa - Via Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Nicola Zanna
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna - Via Selmi, 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Magda Monari
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna - Via Selmi, 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Claudia Tomasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna - Via Selmi, 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
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19
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Kim J, Park C, Song I, Lee M, Kim H, Choi HC. Unique Crystallization of Fullerenes: Fullerene Flowers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32205. [PMID: 27561446 PMCID: PMC4999865 DOI: 10.1038/srep32205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solution-phase crystallization of fullerene molecules strongly depends on the types of solvent and their ratios because solvent molecules are easily included in the crystal lattice and distort its structure. The C70 (solute)–mesitylene (solvent) system yields crystals with various morphologies and structures, such as cubes, tubes, and imperfect rods. Herein, using C60 and C70 dissolved in mesitylene, we present a novel way to grow unique flower-shaped crystals with six symmetric petals. The different solubility of C60 and C70 in mesitylene promotes nucleation of C70 with sixfold symmetry in the early stage, which is followed by co-crystallization of both C60 and C70 molecules, leading to lateral petal growth. Based on the growth mechanism, we obtained more complex fullerene crystals, such as multi-deck flowers and tube-flower complexes, by changing the sequence and parameters of crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungah Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chibeom Park
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Intek Song
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Lee
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungki Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Cheul Choi
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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20
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Wang J, Liu K, Xing R, Yan X. Peptide self-assembly: thermodynamics and kinetics. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:5589-5604. [PMID: 27487936 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling systems play a significant role in physiological functions and have therefore attracted tremendous attention due to their great potential for applications in energy, biomedicine and nanotechnology. Peptides, consisting of amino acids, are among the most popular building blocks and programmable molecular motifs. Nanostructures and materials assembled using peptides exhibit important potential for green-life new technology and biomedical applications mostly because of their bio-friendliness and reversibility. The formation of these ordered nanostructures pertains to the synergistic effect of various intermolecular non-covalent interactions, including hydrogen-bonding, π-π stacking, electrostatic, hydrophobic, and van der Waals interactions. Therefore, the self-assembly process is mainly driven by thermodynamics; however, kinetics is also a critical factor in structural modulation and function integration. In this review, we focus on the influence of thermodynamic and kinetic factors on structural assembly and regulation based on different types of peptide building blocks, including aromatic dipeptides, amphiphilic peptides, polypeptides, and amyloid-relevant peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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21
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Negrón LM, Díaz TL, Ortiz-Quiles EO, Dieppa-Matos D, Madera-Soto B, Rivera JM. Organic Nanoflowers from a Wide Variety of Molecules Templated by a Hierarchical Supramolecular Scaffold. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2283-90. [PMID: 26901110 PMCID: PMC4896646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoflowers (NFs) are flowered-shaped particles with overall sizes or features in the nanoscale. Beyond their pleasing aesthetics, NFs have found a number of applications ranging from catalysis, to sensing, to drug delivery. Compared to inorganic based NFs, their organic and hybrid counterparts are relatively underdeveloped mostly because of the lack of a reliable and versatile method for their construction. We report here a method for constructing NFs from a wide variety of biologically relevant molecules (guests), ranging from small molecules, like doxorubicin, to biomacromolecules, like various proteins and plasmid DNA. The method relies on the encapsulation of the guests within a hierarchically structured particle made from supramolecular G-quadruplexes. The size and overall flexibility of the guests dictate the broad morphological features of the resulting NFs, specifically, small and rigid guests favor the formation of NFs with spiky petals, while large and/or flexible guests promote NFs with wide petals. The results from experiments using confocal fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy provides the basis for the proposed mechanism for the NF formation.
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22
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Chen J, Qin S, Wu X, Chu APK. Morphology and Pattern Control of Diphenylalanine Self-Assembly via Evaporative Dewetting. ACS NANO 2016; 10:832-8. [PMID: 26654935 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled peptide nanostructures have unique physical and biological properties and promising applications in electrical devices and functional molecular recognition. Although solution-based peptide molecules can self-assemble into different morphologies, it is challenging to control the self-assembly process. Herein, controllable self-assembly of diphenylalanine (FF) in an evaporative dewetting solution is reported. The fluid mechanical dimensionless numbers, namely Rayleigh, Marangoni, and capillary numbers, are introduced to control the interaction between the solution and FF molecules in the self-assembly process. The difference in the film thickness reflects the effects of Rayleigh and Marangoni convection, and the water vapor flow rate reveals the role of viscous fingering in the emergence of aligned FF flakes. By employing dewetting, various FF self-assembled patterns, like concentric and spokelike, and morphologies, like strips and hexagonal tubes/rods, can be produced, and there are no significant lattice structural changes in the FF nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xinglong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - And Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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23
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Xie Y, Huang R, Qi W, Wang Y, Su R, He Z. Enzyme–substrate interactions promote the self-assembly of amino acid derivatives into supramolecular hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:844-851. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first example of enzyme-substrate interaction-promoted self-assembly was reported for the synthesis of supramolecular hydrogels from Fmoc-amino acids and amino acid esters in the presence of α-chymotrypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Renliang Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Zhimin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
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24
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Wang Y, Qi W, Huang R, Yang X, Wang M, Su R, He Z. Rational Design of Chiral Nanostructures from Self-Assembly of a Ferrocene-Modified Dipeptide. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7869-80. [PMID: 26018930 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a new paradigm for the rational design of chiral nanostructures that is based on the hierarchical self-assembly of a ferrocene (Fc)-modified dipeptide, ferrocene-L-Phe-L-Phe-OH (Fc-FF). Compared to other chiral self-assembling systems, Fc-FF is unique because of its smaller size, biocompatibility, multiple functions (a redox center), and environmental responsiveness. X-ray and spectroscopic analyses showed that the incorporation of counterions during the hierarchical self-assembly of Fc-FF changed the conformations of the secondary structures from flat β sheets into twisted β sheets. This approach enables chiral self-assembly and the formation of well-defined chiral nanostructures composed of helical twisted β sheets. We identified two elementary forms for the helical twist of the β sheets, which allowed us to create a rich variety of rigid chiral nanostructures over a wide range of scales. Furthermore, through subtle modulations in the counterions, temperature, and solvent, we are able to precisely control the helical pitch, diameter, and handedness of the self-assembled chiral nanostructures. This unprecedented level of control not only offers insights into how rationally designed chiral nanostructures can be formed from simple molecular building blocks but also is of significant practical value for the use in chiroptics, templates, chiral sensing, and separations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Qi
- §Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, PR China.,∥Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | | | | | - Mengfan Wang
- ∥Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Rongxin Su
- §Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, PR China.,∥Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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