1
|
Chen X, Yang X, Han X, Ruan Z, Xu J, Huang F, Zhang K. Advanced Thermoelectric Textiles for Power Generation: Principles, Design, and Manufacturing. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2024; 8:2300023. [PMID: 38356682 PMCID: PMC10862169 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Self-powered wearable thermoelectric (TE) devices significantly reduce the inconvenience caused to users, especially in daily use of portable devices and monitoring personal health. The textile-based TE devices (TETs) exhibit the excellent flexibility, deformability, and light weight, which fulfill demands of long-term wearing for the human body. In comparison to traditional TE devices with their longstanding research history, TETs are still in an initial stage of growth. In recent years, TETs to provide electricity for low-power wearable electronics have attracted increasing attention. This review summarizes the recent progress of TETs from the points of selecting TE materials, scalable fabrication methods of TE fibers/yarns and TETs, structure design of TETs and reported high-performance TETs. The key points to develop TETs with outstanding TE properties and mechanical performance and better than available optimization strategies are discussed. Furthermore, remaining challenges and perspectives of TETs are also proposed to suggest practical applications for heat harvesting from human body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| | - Xiaona Yang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| | - Xue Han
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| | - Zuping Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| | - Jinchuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| | - Fuli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li K, Sun X, Wang Y, Wang J, Dai X, Yao Y, Chen B, Chong D, Yan J, Wang H. Densification Induced Decoupling of Electrical and Thermal Properties in Free-Standing MWCNT Films for Ultrahigh p- and n-Type Power Factors and Enhanced ZT. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304266. [PMID: 37649184 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Generating sufficient power from waste heat is one of the most important things for thermoelectric (TE) techniques in numerous practical applications. The output power density of an organic thermoelectric generator (OTEG) is proportional to the power factors (PFs) and the electrical conductivities of organic materials. However, it is still challenging to have high PFs over 1 mW m-1 K-2 in free-standing films together with high electrical conductivities over 1000 S cm-1 . Herein, densifying multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) films would increase their electrical conductivity dramatically up to over 10 000 S cm-1 with maintained high Seebeck coefficients >60 µV K-1 , thus leading to ultrahigh PFs of 7.25 and 4.34 mW m-1 K-2 for p- and n-type MWCNT films, respectively. In addition, it is interesting to notice that the electrical properties increase faster than the thermal conductivities, resulting in enhanced ZT of 3.6 times in MWCNT films. An OTEG made of compressed MWCNT films is fabricated to demonstrate the heat-to-electricity conversion ability, which exhibits a high areal output power of ∼12 times higher than that made of pristine MWCNT films. This work demonstrates an effective way to high-performance nanowire/nanoparticle-based TE materials such as printable TE materials comprised of nanowires/nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuncai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yanqiu Yao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Bin Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Daotong Chong
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wan K, Kernin A, Ventura L, Zeng C, Wang Y, Liu Y, Vilatela JJ, Lu W, Bilotti E, Zhang H. Toward Self-Powered Sensing and Thermal Energy Harvesting in High-Performance Composites v ia Self-Folded Carbon Nanotube Honeycomb Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44212-44223. [PMID: 37696019 PMCID: PMC10520910 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-performance self-powered sensors in advanced composites addresses the increasing demands of various fields such as aerospace, wearable electronics, healthcare devices, and the Internet-of-Things. Among different energy sources, the thermoelectric (TE) effect which converts ambient temperature gradients to electric energy is of particular interest. However, challenges remain on how to increase the power output as well as how to harvest thermal energy at the out-of-plane direction in high-performance fiber-reinforced composite laminates, greatly limiting the pace of advance in this evolving field. Herein, we utilize a temperature-induced self-folding process together with continuous carbon nanotube veils to overcome these two challenges simultaneously, achieving a high TE output (21 mV and 812 nW at a temperature difference of 17 °C only) in structural composites with the capability to harvest the thermal energy from out-of-plane direction. Real-time self-powered deformation and damage sensing is achieved in fabricated composite laminates based on a thermal gradient of 17 °C only, without the need of any external power supply, opening up new areas of autonomous self-powered sensing in high-performance applications based on TE materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kening Wan
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Arnaud Kernin
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Leonardo Ventura
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Chongyang Zeng
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Yushen Wang
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Yi Liu
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- Department
of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, U.K.
| | - Juan J. Vilatela
- IMDEA
Materials Institute, Eric Kandel 2, Getafe 28906, Madrid, Spain
| | - Weibang Lu
- Division
of Advanced Nanomaterials and Innovation Center for Advanced Nanocomposites, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Emiliano Bilotti
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- Department
of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Han Zhang
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang X, De Volder M, Zhou W, Issman L, Wei X, Kaniyoor A, Terrones Portas J, Smail F, Wang Z, Wang Y, Liu H, Zhou W, Elliott J, Xie S, Boies A. Simultaneously enhanced tenacity, rupture work, and thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube fibers by raising effective tube portion. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq3515. [PMID: 36516257 PMCID: PMC9750159 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq3515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are superior to polymer chains, the mechanical and thermal properties of CNT fibers (CNTFs) remain inferior to synthetic fibers because of the failure of embedding CNTs effectively in superstructures. Conventional techniques resulted in a mild improvement of target properties while degrading others. Here, a double-drawing technique is developed to rearrange the constituent CNTs. Consequently, the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting CNTFs can simultaneously reach their highest performances with specific strength ~3.30 N tex-1 (4.60 GPa), work of rupture ~70 J g-1, and thermal conductivity ~354 W m-1 K-1 despite starting from low-crystallinity materials (IG:ID ~ 5). The processed CNTFs are more versatile than comparable carbon fiber, Zylon and Dyneema. On the basis of evidence of load transfer efficiency on individual CNTs measured with in situ stretching Raman, we find that the main contributors to property enhancements are the increasing of the effective tube contribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Michael De Volder
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Liron Issman
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Adarsh Kaniyoor
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | | | - Fiona Smail
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Zibo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - James Elliott
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Adam Boies
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin Z, Dang H, Zhao C, Du Y, Chi C, Ma W, Li Y, Zhang X. The cross-interface energy-filtering effect at organic/inorganic interfaces balances the trade-off between thermopower and conductivity. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9419-9430. [PMID: 35730753 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02432b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The energy-filtering effect has been widely employed to elucidate the enhanced thermoelectric properties of organic/inorganic hybrids. However, the traditional Mott criterion cannot identify the energy-filtering effect of organic/inorganic hybrids due to the limitations of the Hall effect measurement in determining their carrier concentration. In this work, a carrier concentration-independent strategy under the theoretical framework of the Kang-Snyder model is proposed and demonstrated using PANI/MWCNT composites. The result indicates that the energy-filtering effect is triggered on increasing the temperature to 220 K. The energy-filtering effect gives a symmetry-breaking characteristic to the density of states of the charge carriers and leads to a higher thermopower of PANI/MWCNT than that of each constituent. From a morphological perspective, a paracrystalline PANI layer with a thickness of 3 nm is spontaneously assembled on the MWCNT network and serves as a metallic percolation pathway for carriers, resulting in a 5.56-fold increase in conductivity. The cooperative 3D carrier transport mode, including the 1D metallic transport along the paracrystalline PANI and the 2D cross-interface energy-filtering transport, co-determines a 4-fold increase in the power factors of PANI/MWCNT at 300 K. This work provides a physical insight into the improvement of the thermoelectric performance of organic/inorganic hybrids via the energy-filtering effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Hao Dang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yanzheng Du
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Cheng Chi
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Weigang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yinshi Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bicyclic-ring base doping induces n-type conduction in carbon nanotubes with outstanding thermal stability in air. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3517. [PMID: 35725579 PMCID: PMC9209455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of air and thermally stable n-type carbon nanotubes is desirable for their further implementation in electronic and energy devices that rely on both p- and n-type material. Here, a series of guanidine and amidine bases with bicyclic-ring structures are used as n-doping reagents. Aided by their rigid alkyl functionality and stable conjugate acid structure, these organic superbases can easily reduce carbon nanotubes. n-Type nanotubes doped with guanidine bases show excellent thermal stability in air, lasting for more than 6 months at 100 °C. As an example of energy device, a thermoelectric p/n junction module is constructed with a power output of ca. 4.7 μW from a temperature difference of 40 °C.
Collapse
|
7
|
Dynamics of electric field-controlled methotrexate delivery through membrane nanochannels. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
8
|
Xia X, Zhang Q, Zhou W, Mei J, Xiao Z, Xi W, Wang Y, Xie S, Zhou W. Integrated, Highly Flexible, and Tailorable Thermoelectric Type Temperature Detectors Based on a Continuous Carbon Nanotube Fiber. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102825. [PMID: 34499425 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As possible alternatives to traditional thermoelectric (TE) materials, carbon nanomaterials and their hybrid materials have great potential in the future application of flexible and lightweight temperature detection. In this work, an integrated, highly flexible, and tailorable TE temperature detector with high performance has been fabricated based on a continuous single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) fiber. The detector consists of more than one pairs of thermocouples composed of p-type SWCNT fiber and n-type SWCNT hybrid fiber in situ doped by polyethylenimine. Due to the node contact mechanism of the detection, the sensitivity of the detector can be improved with the increase of the number of p-n thermocouples, independent of the length of the thermocouple. The temperature detection process of the detector has been studied in detail. In particular, the integrated and flexible detector can be divided into several sub-detectors easily by cutting, illustrating the prospect of large-scale preparation of this kind of novel temperature detectors. Its high flexibility ensures the detector to maintain excellent detection performance after 15 000 bending circles. Furthermore, the as-designed TE type temperature detector demonstrates a great application promise for real-time temperature detection and temperature change sensing even in complex surface and harsh environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhuojian Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Macroscopic weavable fibers of carbon nanotubes with giant thermoelectric power factor. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4931. [PMID: 34389723 PMCID: PMC8363648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dimensional materials have recently attracted much interest as thermoelectric materials because of their charge carrier confinement leading to thermoelectric performance enhancement. Carbon nanotubes are promising candidates because of their one-dimensionality in addition to their unique advantages such as flexibility and light weight. However, preserving the large power factor of individual carbon nanotubes in macroscopic assemblies has been challenging, primarily due to poor sample morphology and a lack of proper Fermi energy tuning. Here, we report an ultrahigh value of power factor (14 ± 5 mW m−1 K−2) for macroscopic weavable fibers of aligned carbon nanotubes with ultrahigh electrical and thermal conductivity. The observed giant power factor originates from the ultrahigh electrical conductivity achieved through excellent sample morphology, combined with an enhanced Seebeck coefficient through Fermi energy tuning. We fabricate a textile thermoelectric generator based on these carbon nanotube fibers, which demonstrates high thermoelectric performance, weavability, and scalability. The giant power factor we observe make these fibers strong candidates for the emerging field of thermoelectric active cooling, which requires a large thermoelectric power factor and a large thermal conductivity at the same time. Preserving the large power factor of carbon nanotubes is challenging, due to poor sample morphology and a lack of proper Fermi energy tuning. Here, the authors achieve a value of power factor of 14 ± 5 mW m−1 K−2 originating from the preserved conductivity and the ability to tune Fermi energy.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chatterjee K, Ghosh TK. Thermoelectric Materials for Textile Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:3154. [PMID: 34070466 PMCID: PMC8197455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since prehistoric times, textiles have served an important role-providing necessary protection and comfort. Recently, the rise of electronic textiles (e-textiles) as part of the larger efforts to develop smart textiles, has paved the way for enhancing textile functionalities including sensing, energy harvesting, and active heating and cooling. Recent attention has focused on the integration of thermoelectric (TE) functionalities into textiles-making fabrics capable of either converting body heating into electricity (Seebeck effect) or conversely using electricity to provide next-to-skin heating/cooling (Peltier effect). Various TE materials have been explored, classified broadly into (i) inorganic, (ii) organic, and (iii) hybrid organic-inorganic. TE figure-of-merit (ZT) is commonly used to correlate Seebeck coefficient, electrical and thermal conductivity. For textiles, it is important to think of appropriate materials not just in terms of ZT, but also whether they are flexible, conformable, and easily processable. Commercial TEs usually compromise rigid, sometimes toxic, inorganic materials such as bismuth and lead. For textiles, organic and hybrid TE materials are more appropriate. Carbon-based TE materials have been especially attractive since graphene and carbon nanotubes have excellent transport properties with easy modifications to create TE materials with high ZT and textile compatibility. This review focuses on flexible TE materials and their integration into textiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tushar K. Ghosh
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumanek B, Stando G, Stando P, Matuszek K, Milowska KZ, Krzywiecki M, Gryglas-Borysiewicz M, Ogorzałek Z, Payne MC, MacFarlane D, Janas D. Enhancing thermoelectric properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes using halide compounds at room temperature and above. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8649. [PMID: 33883634 PMCID: PMC8060344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are materials with exceptional electrical, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties. Ever since it was demonstrated that they also possess interesting thermoelectric properties, they have been considered a promising solution for thermal energy harvesting. In this study, we present a simple method to enhance their performance. For this purpose, thin films obtained from high-quality single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) were doped with a spectrum of inorganic and organic halide compounds. We studied how incorporating various halide species affects the electrical conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient, and the Power Factor. Since thermoelectric devices operate under non-ambient conditions, we also evaluated these materials' performance at elevated temperatures. Our research shows that appropriate dopant selection can result in almost fivefold improvement to the Power Factor compared to the pristine material. We also demonstrate that the chemical potential of the starting CNT network determines its properties, which is important for deciphering the true impact of chemical and physical functionalization of such ensembles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogumiła Kumanek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Stando
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Paweł Stando
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Karolina Matuszek
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Karolina Z Milowska
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Maciej Krzywiecki
- Institute of Physics-CSE, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Zuzanna Ogorzałek
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mike C Payne
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | | | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rafique S, Badiei N, Burton MR, Gonzalez-Feijoo JE, Carnie MJ, Tarat A, Li L. Paper Thermoelectrics by a Solvent-Free Drawing Method of All Carbon-Based Materials. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5019-5026. [PMID: 33644610 PMCID: PMC7905928 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As practical interest in the flexible or wearable thermoelectric generators (TEGs) has increased, the demand for the high-performance TEGs based on ecofriendly, mechanically resilient, and economically viable TEGs as alternatives to the brittle inorganic materials is growing. Organic or hybrid thermoelectric (TE) materials have been employed in flexible TEGs; however, their fabrication is normally carried out using wet processing such as spin-coating or screen printing. These techniques require materials dissolved or dispersed in solvents; thus, they limit the substrate choice. Herein, we have rationally designed solvent-free, all carbon-based TEGs dry-drawn on a regular office paper using few-layered graphene (FLG). This technique showed very good TE parameters, yielding a power factor of 97 μW m-1 K-2 at low temperatures. The p-type only device exhibited an output power of up to ∼19.48 nW. As a proof of concept, all carbon-based p-n TEGs were created on paper with the addition of HB pencil traces. The HB pencil exhibited low Seebeck coefficients (-7 μV K-1), and the traces were highly resistive compared to FLG traces, which resulted in significantly lower output power compared to the p-type only TEG. The demonstration of all carbon-based TEGs drawn on paper highlights the potential for future low-cost, flexible, and almost instantaneously created TEGs for low-power applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Rafique
- College
of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Nafiseh Badiei
- College
of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R. Burton
- SPECIFIC,
College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew J. Carnie
- SPECIFIC,
College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Afshin Tarat
- Perpetuus
Carbon Technologies Ltd., Unit B1, Olympus Ct, Mill Stream Way, Llansamlet Swansea SA7 0AQ, United
Kingdom
| | - Lijie Li
- College
of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) material is a class of materials that can convert heat to electrical energy directly in a solid-state-device without any moving parts and that is environmentally friendly. The study and development of TE materials have grown quickly in the past decade. However, their development goes slowly by the lack of cheap TE materials with high Seebeck coefficient and good electrical conductivity. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are particularly attractive as TE materials because of at least three reasons: (1) CNTs possess various band gaps depending on their structure, (2) CNTs represent unique one-dimensional carbon materials which naturally satisfies the conditions of quantum confinement effect to enhance the TE efficiency and (3) CNTs provide us with a platform for developing lightweight and flexible TE devices due to their mechanical properties. The TE power factor is reported to reach 700–1000 W / m K 2 for both p-type and n-type CNTs when purified to contain only doped semiconducting CNT species. Therefore, CNTs are promising for a variety of TE applications in which the heat source is unlimited, such as waste heat or solar heat although their figure of merit Z T is still modest (0.05 at 300 K). In this paper, we review in detail from the basic concept of TE field to the fundamental TE properties of CNTs, as well as their applications. Furthermore, the strategies are discussed to improve the TE properties of CNTs. Finally, we give our perspectives on the tremendous potential of CNTs-based TE materials and composites.
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang W, Tokunaga E, Nakashima Y, Fujigaya T. Thermoelectric properties of sorted semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube sheets. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2019; 20:97-104. [PMID: 31001367 PMCID: PMC6454402 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2019.1567107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), especially their semiconducting type, are promising thermoelectric (TE) materials due to their high Seebeck coefficient. In this study, the in-plane Seebeck coefficient (S), electrical conductivity (σ), and thermal conductivity (κ) of sorted semiconducting SWNT (s-SWNT) free-standing sheets with different s-SWNT purities are measured to determine the figure of merit ZT. We find that the ZT value of the sheets increases with increasing s-SWNT purity, mainly due to an increase in Seebeck coefficient while the thermal conductivity remaining constant, which experimentally proved the superiority of the high purity s-SWNT as TE materials for the first time. In addition, from the comparison between sorted and unsorted SWNT sheets, it is recognized that the difference of ZT between unsorted SWNT and high-purity s-SWNT sheet is not remarkable, which suggests the control of carrier density is necessary to further clarify the superiority of SWNT sorting for TE applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eriko Tokunaga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsuyohiko Fujigaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- The World Premier International Research Center Initiative, International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST-PRESTO), Kawaguchi, Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fujigaya T. Development of Thermoelectric Conversion Materials Using Carbon Nanotube Sheets. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyohiko Fujigaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- WPI-I2CNER, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abol-Fotouh D, Dörling B, Zapata-Arteaga O, Rodríguez-Martínez X, Gómez A, Reparaz JS, Laromaine A, Roig A, Campoy-Quiles M. Farming thermoelectric paper. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2019; 12:716-726. [PMID: 30930961 PMCID: PMC6394882 DOI: 10.1039/c8ee03112f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Waste heat to electricity conversion using thermoelectric generators is emerging as a key technology in the forthcoming energy scenario. Carbon-based composites could unleash the as yet untapped potential of thermoelectricity by combining the low cost, easy processability, and low thermal conductivity of biopolymers with the mechanical strength and good electrical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Here we use bacteria in environmentally friendly aqueous media to grow large area bacterial nanocellulose (BC) films with an embedded highly dispersed CNT network. The thick films (≈10 μm) exhibit tuneable transparency and colour, as well as low thermal and high electrical conductivity. Moreover, they are fully bendable, can conformally wrap around heat sources and are stable above 500 K, which expands the range of potential uses compared to typical conducting polymers and composites. The high porosity of the material facilitates effective n-type doping, enabling the fabrication of a thermoelectric module from farmed thermoelectric paper. Because of vertical phase separation of the CNTs in the BC composite, the grown films at the same time serve as both the active layer and separating layer, insulating each thermoelectric leg from the adjacent ones. Last but not least, the BC can be enzymatically decomposed, completely reclaiming the embedded CNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deyaa Abol-Fotouh
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus of the UAB , Bellaterra , 08193 , Spain . ; ;
- City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City) , New Borg Al-Arab , 21934 , Egypt
| | - Bernhard Dörling
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus of the UAB , Bellaterra , 08193 , Spain . ; ;
| | - Osnat Zapata-Arteaga
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus of the UAB , Bellaterra , 08193 , Spain . ; ;
| | - Xabier Rodríguez-Martínez
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus of the UAB , Bellaterra , 08193 , Spain . ; ;
| | - Andrés Gómez
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus of the UAB , Bellaterra , 08193 , Spain . ; ;
| | - J Sebastian Reparaz
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus of the UAB , Bellaterra , 08193 , Spain . ; ;
| | - Anna Laromaine
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus of the UAB , Bellaterra , 08193 , Spain . ; ;
| | - Anna Roig
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus of the UAB , Bellaterra , 08193 , Spain . ; ;
| | - Mariano Campoy-Quiles
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus of the UAB , Bellaterra , 08193 , Spain . ; ;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
He P, Shimano S, Salikolimi K, Isoshima T, Kakefuda Y, Mori T, Taguchi Y, Ito Y, Kawamoto M. Noncovalent Modification of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Thermally Cleavable Polythiophenes for Solution-Processed Thermoelectric Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:4211-4218. [PMID: 30516052 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Four thermally cleavable polythiophene derivatives containing carbonate and solubilizing groups were synthesized for noncovalent modification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). A well-dispersed polythiophene/SWCNTs composite was obtained by adsorption of the polymer at the SWCNT surface. The solution-processed composite film exhibited solid-state thermal cleavage of the insulating solubilizing group through decarboxylation, producing an insoluble composite film. The thermally cleavable composite film was evaluated for potential application as a thermoelectric (TE) material. The electrical conductivity (σ) of the thermally treated composite film was up to 250 times higher than that of the as-prepared composite film. The increased σ contributed to an increase in the power factor (PF). The ethanol-processed composite film could be applicable for green processing of a TE material using the less-toxic solvent. The substrate-free polythiophene/SWCNTs composite film prepared by simple solvent evaporation yielded a figure-of-merit of 3.1 × 10-2 with a PF of 28.8 μW m-1 K-2 at 25 °C. This solution-processed methodology is beneficial for the development of a flexible TE material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan He
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team , RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Satoshi Shimano
- Strong Correlation Materials Research Group , RIKEN CEMS , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Krishnachary Salikolimi
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team , RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Takashi Isoshima
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory , RIKEN Center for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Yohei Kakefuda
- WPI-MANA and Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Takao Mori
- WPI-MANA and Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Yasujiro Taguchi
- Strong Correlation Materials Research Group , RIKEN CEMS , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team , RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory , RIKEN Center for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Masuki Kawamoto
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team , RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory , RIKEN Center for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo , Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang X, Tan W, Smail F, De Volder M, Fleck N, Boies A. High-fidelity characterization on anisotropic thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube sheets and on their effects of thermal enhancement of nanocomposites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:365708. [PMID: 29916810 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aacd7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Some assemblies of nanomaterials, like carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet or film, always show outstanding and anisotropic thermal properties. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive thermal conductivity (κ) characterizations on CNT sheets, as well as a lack of estimations of their true contributions on thermal enhancement of polymer composites when used as additives. Always, these characterizations were hindered by the low heat capacity, anisotropic thermal properties or low electrical conductivity of assemblies and their nanocomposites. The transient κ measurement and calculations were also hampered by accurate determination of parameters, like specific heat capacity, density and cross-section, which could be difficult and controversial for nanomaterials, like CNT sheets. Here, to measure anisotropic κ of CNT sheets directly with high fidelity, we modified the conventional steady-state method by measuring under vacuum and by infrared camera, and then comparing temperature profiles on both reference standard material and a CNT sheet sample. The highly anisotropic thermal conductivities of CNT sheets were characterized comprehensively, with κ/ρ in alignment direction as ∼95 mW m2 K-1 kg-1. Furthermore, by comparing the measured thermal properties of different CNT-epoxy resin composites, the heat conduction pathway created by the CNT hierarchical network was demonstrated to remain intact after the in situ polymerization and curing process. The reliable and direct κ measurement rituals used here, dedicated to nanomaterials, will be also essential to assist in assemblies' application to heat dissipation and composite thermal enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Division of Energy, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
A wet-filtration-zipping approach for fabricating highly electroconductive and auxetic graphene/carbon nanotube hybrid buckypaper. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12188. [PMID: 30111877 PMCID: PMC6093936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene in the form of macroscopic hybrid buckypaper (HBP), exhibits a unique set of properties that can be exploited for many emerging applications. Here, we present a simple, inexpensive and scalable approach for the synthesis of highly conductive auxetic graphene/CNT HBP via wet-filtration-zipping and demonstrate the electrical, electrochemical and mechanical performance (tensile, mode I and mode III fracture) of synthesized HBP. An overall increase in electrical conductivity of 247% is observed for HBP (50 wt.% graphene and 50 wt.% CNT) as compared to BP (100 wt.% CNT) due to effective electronic percolation through the graphene and CNT. As a negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries, HBP shows 50% higher gravimetric specific capacity and 89% lower charge transfer resistance relative to BP. The graphene content in the HBP influences the mechanical performance providing an auxetic structure to HBP with large negative Poisson's ratio. The facile green-chemistry approach reported here can be readily applied to any other 1D and 2D materials and solves key challenges associated with existing buckypaper manufacturing methods. The potential of the synthesis method to integrate with current cellulose paper manufacturing technology and its scalability demonstrate the novelty of the work for industrial scale production.
Collapse
|
20
|
Blackburn JL, Ferguson AJ, Cho C, Grunlan JC. Carbon-Nanotube-Based Thermoelectric Materials and Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1704386. [PMID: 29356158 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of waste heat to voltage has the potential to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of a number of critical energy sectors, such as the transportation and electricity-generation sectors, and manufacturing processes. Thermal energy is also an abundant low-flux source that can be harnessed to power portable/wearable electronic devices and critical components in remote off-grid locations. As such, a number of different inorganic and organic materials are being explored for their potential in thermoelectric-energy-harvesting devices. Carbon-based thermoelectric materials are particularly attractive due to their use of nontoxic, abundant source-materials, their amenability to high-throughput solution-phase fabrication routes, and the high specific energy (i.e., W g-1 ) enabled by their low mass. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) represent a unique 1D carbon allotrope with structural, electrical, and thermal properties that enable efficient thermoelectric-energy conversion. Here, the progress made toward understanding the fundamental thermoelectric properties of SWCNTs, nanotube-based composites, and thermoelectric devices prepared from these materials is reviewed in detail. This progress illuminates the tremendous potential that carbon-nanotube-based materials and composites have for producing high-performance next-generation devices for thermoelectric-energy harvesting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Blackburn
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401-3305, USA
| | - Andrew J Ferguson
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401-3305, USA
| | - Chungyeon Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3003, USA
| | - Jaime C Grunlan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zar Myint MT, Hada M, Inoue H, Marui T, Nishikawa T, Nishina Y, Ichimura S, Umeno M, Ko Kyaw AK, Hayashi Y. Simultaneous improvement in electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of PEDOT:PSS by N2 pressure-induced nitric acid treatment. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36563-36570. [PMID: 35558964 PMCID: PMC9088854 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06094k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a thermoelectric (TE) material suited to applications for recycling waste-heat into electricity through the Seebeck effect, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) is of great interest. Our research demonstrates a comprehensive study of different post-treatment methods with nitric acid (HNO3) to enhance the thermoelectric properties of PEDOT:PSS. The optimum conditions are obtained when PEDOT:PSS is treated with HNO3 for 10 min at room temperature followed by passing nitrogen gas (N2) with a pressure of 0.2 MPa. Upon this treatment, PEDOT:PSS changes from semiconductor-like behaviour to metal-like behaviour, with a simultaneous enhancement in the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient at elevated temperature, resulting in an increase in the thermoelectric power factor from 0.0818 to 94.3 μW m−1 K−2 at 150 °C. The improvement in the TE properties is ascribed to the combined effects of phase segregation and conformational change of the PEDOT due to the weakened coulombic attraction between PEDOT and PSS chains by nitric acid as well as the pressure of the N2 gas as a mechanical means. As a thermoelectric (TE) material suited to applications for recycling waste-heat into electricity through the Seebeck effect, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) is of great interest.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- May Thu Zar Myint
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
| | - Masaki Hada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
| | - Hirotaka Inoue
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
| | - Tatsuki Marui
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
| | - Yuta Nishina
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
| | | | | | - Aung Ko Ko Kyaw
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- P. R. China
- Shenzhen Planck Innovation Technologies Pte Ltd
| | - Yasuhiko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Choi J, Jung Y, Yang SJ, Oh JY, Oh J, Jo K, Son JG, Moon SE, Park CR, Kim H. Flexible and Robust Thermoelectric Generators Based on All-Carbon Nanotube Yarn without Metal Electrodes. ACS NANO 2017; 11:7608-7614. [PMID: 28700205 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As practical interest in flexible/or wearable power-conversion devices increases, the demand for high-performance alternatives to thermoelectric (TE) generators based on brittle inorganic materials is growing. Herein, we propose a flexible and ultralight TE generator (TEG) based on carbon nanotube yarn (CNTY) with excellent TE performance. The as-prepared CNTY shows a superior electrical conductivity of 3147 S/cm due to increased longitudinal carrier mobility derived from a highly aligned structure. Our TEG is innovative in that the CNTY acts as multifunctions in the same device. The CNTY is alternatively doped into n- and p-types using polyethylenimine and FeCl3, respectively. The highly conductive CNTY between the doped regions is used as electrodes to minimize the circuit resistance, thereby forming an all-carbon TEG without additional metal deposition. A flexible TEG based on 60 pairs of n- and p-doped CNTY shows the maximum power density of 10.85 and 697 μW/g at temperature differences of 5 and 40 K, respectively, which are the highest values among reported TEGs based on flexible materials. We believe that the strategy proposed here to improve the power density of flexible TEG by introducing highly aligned CNTY and designing a device without metal electrodes shows great potential for the flexible/or wearable power-conversion devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoo Choi
- Photo-electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Global Research Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Jung
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Global Research Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Yang
- Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering, Inha University , Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Oh
- Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering, Inha University , Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Oh
- Photo-electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoung Jo
- Photo-electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Photo-electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eon Moon
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) , Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Rae Park
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Global Research Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesuk Kim
- Photo-electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Nano-Materials and Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhou W, Fan Q, Zhang Q, Cai L, Li K, Gu X, Yang F, Zhang N, Wang Y, Liu H, Zhou W, Xie S. High-performance and compact-designed flexible thermoelectric modules enabled by a reticulate carbon nanotube architecture. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14886. [PMID: 28337987 PMCID: PMC5477522 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
It is a great challenge to substantially improve the practical performance of flexible thermoelectric modules due to the absence of air-stable n-type thermoelectric materials with high-power factor. Here an excellent flexible n-type thermoelectric film is developed, which can be conveniently and rapidly prepared based on the as-grown carbon nanotube continuous networks with high conductivity. The optimum n-type film exhibits ultrahigh power factor of ∼1,500 μW m−1 K−2 and outstanding stability in air without encapsulation. Inspired by the findings, we design and successfully fabricate the compact-configuration flexible TE modules, which own great advantages compared with the conventional π-type configuration modules and well integrate the superior thermoelectric properties of p-type and n-type carbon nanotube films resulting in a markedly high performance. Moreover, the research results are highly scalable and also open opportunities for the large-scale production of flexible thermoelectric modules. Thermoelectric modules can generate electricity directly from heat and have applications to waste heat-energy conversion. Here Zhou et al. have fabricated a thermoelectric module based on an air-stable n-type single-walled carbon nanotube sheet which can reach a high power factor of 1500 μWm−1K−2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qingxia Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Le Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kewei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaogang Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Duan Z, Liu D, Zhang G, Li Q, Liu C, Fan S. Interfacial thermal resistance and thermal rectification in carbon nanotube film-copper systems. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:3133-3139. [PMID: 28218327 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermal rectification occurring at interfaces is an important research area, which contains deep fundamental physics and has extensive application prospects. In general, the measurement of interfacial thermal rectification is based on measuring interfacial thermal resistance (ITR). However, ITRs measured via conventional methods cannot avoid extra thermal resistance asymmetry due to the contact between the sample and the thermometer. In this study, we employed a non-contact infrared thermal imager to monitor the temperature of super-aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) films and obtain the ITRs between the CNT films and copper. The ITRs along the CNT-copper direction and the reverse direction are in the ranges of 2.2-3.6 cm2 K W-1 and 9.6-11.9 cm2 K W-1, respectively. The obvious difference in the ITRs of the two directions shows a significant thermal rectification effect, and the rectifying coefficient ranges between 0.57 and 0.68. The remarkable rectification factor is extremely promising for the manufacture of thermal transistors with a copper/CNT/copper structure and further thermal logic devices. Moreover, our method could be extended to other 2-dimensional materials, such as graphene and MoS2, for further explorations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Duan
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Danyang Liu
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Guang Zhang
- Energy Conversion Research Center, Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Changhong Liu
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Shoushan Fan
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lin X, Zhao W, Zhou W, Liu P, Luo S, Wei H, Yang G, Yang J, Cui J, Yu R, Zhang L, Wang J, Li Q, Zhou W, Zhao W, Fan S, Jiang K. Epitaxial Growth of Aligned and Continuous Carbon Nanofibers from Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1257-1263. [PMID: 28165709 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting the superior properties of nanomaterials at macroscopic scale is a key issue of nanoscience. Different from the integration strategy, "additive synthesis" of macroscopic structures from nanomaterial templates may be a promising choice. In this paper, we report the epitaxial growth of aligned, continuous, and catalyst-free carbon nanofiber thin films from carbon nanotube films. The fabrication process includes thickening of continuous carbon nanotube films by gas-phase pyrolytic carbon deposition and further graphitization of the carbon layer by high-temperature treatment. As-fabricated nanofibers in the film have an "annual ring" cross-section, with a carbon nanotube core and a graphitic periphery, indicating the templated growth mechanism. The absence of a distinct interface between the carbon nanotube template and the graphitic periphery further implies the epitaxial growth mechanism of the fiber. The mechanically robust thin film with tunable fiber diameters from tens of nanometers to several micrometers possesses low density, high electrical conductivity, and high thermal conductivity. Further extension of this fabrication method to enhance carbon nanotube yarns is also demonstrated, resulting in yarns with ∼4-fold increased tensile strength and ∼10-fold increased Young's modulus. The aligned and continuous features of the films together with their outstanding physical and chemical properties would certainly promote the large-scale applications of carbon nanofibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics & Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- Fert Beijing Research Institute, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, BDBC, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics & Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics & Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics & Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haoming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics & Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangzhi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Junhe Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Richeng Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics & Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics & Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qunqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics & Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weisheng Zhao
- Fert Beijing Research Institute, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, BDBC, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shoushan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics & Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kaili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics & Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zeng HL, Guo YD, Yan XH, Zhou J. Hydrogenated carbon nanotube-based spin caloritronics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:21507-21513. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02862h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The spin-Seebeck effect (SSE) in linearly hydrogenated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is realized, where partial hydrogenation makes CNTs acquire magnetism. Moreover, an odd–even effect of the SSE is observed, and the even cases could be used as spin-Seebeck diodes, without the need for an electric field or gate voltage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Zeng
- College of Natural Science
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210046
- China
- Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency and Micro–Nano Electronics of Jiangsu Province
| | - Yan-Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency and Micro–Nano Electronics of Jiangsu Province
- Nanjing 210023
- China
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
| | - Xiao-Hong Yan
- College of Natural Science
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210046
- China
- Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency and Micro–Nano Electronics of Jiangsu Province
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency and Micro–Nano Electronics of Jiangsu Province
- Nanjing 210023
- China
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Boi FS, Wang J, Ivaturi S, Zhang X, Wang S, Wen J, He Y, Xiang G. Micrometre-length continuous single-crystalline nm-thin Fe3C-nanowires with unusual 010 preferred orientation inside radial few-wall carbon nanotube structures: the key role of sulfur in viscous boundary layer CVS of ferrocene. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00240h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the observation of novel radial carbon nanotube structures with 2–5 walls filled with continuous single-crystalline Fe3C nanowires.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo S. Boi
- College of Physical Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- College of Physical Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Sameera Ivaturi
- College of Physical Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Physical Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Shanling Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jiqiu Wen
- Analytical and Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yi He
- Analytical and Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Gang Xiang
- College of Physical Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhu J, Liu D, Wang J, Yi H, Wang S, Wen J, Willis MAC, Hou Y, Borowiec J, Boi FS. Enhanced magnetization in unusual carbon-nanotube/carbon-foam cm-scale hybrid-buckypaper films with high α-Fe filling-ratio. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02669b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of novel and unusual α-Fe-filled carbon nanotube (CNT)/carbon foam (CFM) hybrid-buckypaper films via pyrolysis of ferrocene/dichlorobenzene mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Zhu
- College of Physical Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu CN
- China
| | - D. Liu
- College of Physical Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu CN
- China
| | - J. Wang
- College of Physical Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu CN
- China
| | - H. Yi
- Analytical and Testing Centre
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu CN
- China
| | - S. Wang
- Analytical and Testing Centre
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu CN
- China
| | - J. Wen
- Analytical and Testing Centre
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu CN
- China
| | - M. A. C. Willis
- College of Physical Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu CN
- China
| | - Y. Hou
- College of Physical Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu CN
- China
| | - J. Borowiec
- College of Physical Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu CN
- China
| | - F. S. Boi
- College of Physical Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu CN
- China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bark H, Lee J, Lim H, Koo HY, Lee W, Lee H. Simultaneous Nitrogen Doping and Pore Generation in Thermo-Insulating Graphene Films via Colloidal Templating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31617-31624. [PMID: 27775330 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple method for preparing highly efficient thermoelectric materials through the fabrication of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (GO) with a porous structure. The samples were produced by thermal annealing of GO/nitrogen-rich polystyrene (N-PS) particle composite films using a colloidal templating method. N-PS particles served as a nitrogen dopant source for the nitrogen-doped thermally reduced graphene oxide (TrGO) as well as sacrificial particles for the porous structure. The S values of the porous TrGO films were negative, indicating that the samples were transformed into n-type materials. Their porous structures simultaneously resulted in materials with high σ values and low in-plane κ values by providing numerous air cavities for phonon scattering and destruction of the anisotropic structure, maintaining an interconnected structure for an electron transport path. Thus, the porous TrGO films exhibited enhanced power factors and low κ values. The highest ZT value of 1.39 × 10-4 was attained for a porous TrGO film annealed at 1100 °C, which was 1200 times higher than that of a nonporous TrGO film. This study emphasizes that an isotropic orientation of two-dimensional materials has a significant effect on the suppression of in-plane κ, leading to their enhanced thermoelectric performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Bark
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University , 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University , 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosun Lim
- Electronic Materials & Device Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute , 25 Saenariro, Bundanggu, Seongnamsi, Gyeonggido 463-816, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Koo
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 565-905, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonmok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University , 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University , 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|