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Lee DY, Oh JS, Kim JW, Oh M, Oh SJ, Lee S, Kim YH, Kim JH, Nam SJ, Song SW, Kim JS. Pre-operative dual-time-point [ 18F]FET PET differentiates CDKN2A/B loss and PIK3CA mutation status in adult-type diffuse glioma: a single-center prospective study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06935-z. [PMID: 39365462 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE While [18F]FET PET plays a complementary role in glioma imaging, it needs to be more comprehensively understood for improved characterization of glioma prior to surgery given the evolving landscape of molecular neuropathology. Thus, we investigated the utility of pre-operative dual-time-point [18F]FET PET in correlation with next-generation sequencing (NGS) data in patients with adult-type diffuse glioma (ADG). METHODS Adult patients who were suspected to have primary glioma were prospectively recruited between June 2021 and January 2024. They underwent pre-operative dual-time-point static PET/CT at 20 min (early) and 80 min (delay) after [18F]FET injection. Semi-quantitative parameters of the hottest lesion (SUVmax) of tumour and the hottest lesion-to-normal brain ratio (TBRmax) were assessed from each summed image. Furthermore, the percentage changes (△) of SUVmax and TBRmax between two images were calculated. Histopathology of glioma was determined according to the 2021 WHO classification and NGS data. RESULTS This study investigated a dozen genes in 76 patients, of whom 51 had isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type glioblastoma, 13 had IDH-mutant astrocytoma, and 12 had IDH-mutant oligodendroglioma. Every tumour was [18F]FET-avid having TBRmax more than 1.6. Patients with CDKN2A/B loss had significantly higher values of SUVmax (5.7 ± 1.6 vs. 4.7 ± 1.3, p = 0.004; 5.0 ± 1.4 vs. 4.4 ± 1.2, p = 0.026) and TBRmax (6.5 ± 1.8 vs. 5.1 ± 1.7, p = 0.001; 5.3 ± 1.5 vs. 4.3 ± 1.3, p = 0.004) in both scans than patients without CDKN2A/B loss, even after adjustment for age, MRI enhancement, tumor grade and type of pathology. Furthermore, patients with PIK3CA mutation (16.2 ± 11.8 vs. 6.7 ± 11.6, p = 0.007) had significantly higher △SUVmax than patients without PIK3CA mutation, even after adjustment for age, MRI enhancement, tumor grade, and type of pathology. CONCLUSION Among the dozen genes investigated in this prospective study in patients with ADG, we found out that CDKN2A/B loss and PIK3CA mutation status could be differentiated by pre-operative dual-time-point [18F]FET PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jungsu S Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jeong Won Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Minyoung Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Seungjoo Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Nam
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Sang Woo Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
| | - Jae Seung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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Taheri Z, Kazemi M, Khalvati B, Safari F, Alhashemi SH, Ahmadi F, Dehshahri A. Dihydroxyphenylalanine-conjugated high molecular weight polyethylenimine for targeted delivery of Plasmid. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20564. [PMID: 39232139 PMCID: PMC11375003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
High molecular weight polyethylenimine (HMW PEI; branched 25 kDa PEI) has been widely investigated for gene delivery due to its high transfection efficiency. However, the toxicity and lack of targeting to specific cells have limited its clinical application. In the present investigation, L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) was conjugated on HMW PEI in order to target L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT-1) and modulate positive charge density on the surface of polymer/plasmid complexes (polyplexes). The results of biophysical characterization revealed that the PEI conjugates are able to form nanoparticles ≤ 180 nm with the zeta potential ranging from + 9.5-12.4 mV. These polyplexes could condense plasmid DNA and protect it against nuclease digestion at the carrier to plasmid ratios higher than 4. L-DOPA conjugated PEI derivatives were complexed with a plasmid encoding human interleukin-12 (hIL-12). Targeted polyplexes showed up to 2.5 fold higher transfection efficiency in 4T1 murine mammary cancer cell line, which expresses LAT-1, than 25 kDa PEI polyplexes prepared in the same manner. The cytotoxicity of these polyplexes was also substantially lower than the unmodified parent HMW PEI. These results support the use of L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine derivatives of PEI in any attempt to develop a LAT-1 targeted gene carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Taheri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kazemi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- Medical Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Center, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Farshad Safari
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Samira Hossaini Alhashemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Wang G, Zhang M, Lai W, Gao Y, Liao S, Ning Q, Tang S. Tumor Microenvironment Responsive RNA Drug Delivery Systems: Intelligent Platforms for Sophisticated Release. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:4217-4237. [PMID: 39056442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant health concern, increasingly showing insensitivity to traditional treatments, highlighting the urgent need for safer and more practical treatment options. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) gene therapy drugs have demonstrated promising potential in preclinical and clinical trials for antitumor therapy by regulating tumor-related gene expression. However, RNA's poor membrane permeability and stability restrict its effectiveness in entering and being utilized in cells. An appropriate delivery system is crucial for achieving targeted tumor effects. The tumor microenvironment (TME), characterized by acidity, hypoxia, enzyme overexpression, elevated glutathione (GSH) concentration, and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), is essential for tumor survival. Furthermore, these distinctive features can also be harnessed to develop intelligent drug delivery systems. Various nanocarriers that respond to the TME have been designed for RNA drug delivery, showing the advantages of tumor targeting and low toxicity. This Review discusses the abnormal changes of components in TME, therapeutic RNAs' roles, underlying mechanisms, and the latest developments in utilizing vectors that respond to microenvironments for treating tumors. We hope it provides insight into creating and optimizing RNA delivery vectors to improve their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Mengxia Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Weiwei Lai
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Shuxian Liao
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Qian Ning
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shengsong Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Zhao Z, Chen Y, Sun T, Jiang C. Nanomaterials for brain metastasis. J Control Release 2024; 365:833-847. [PMID: 38065414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a significant contributor to the mortality of cancer patients. Specifically, current conventional treatments are unable to achieve complete remission of brain metastasis. This is due to the unique pathological environment of brain metastasis, which differs significantly from peripheral metastasis. Brain metastasis is characterized by high tumor mutation rates and a complex microenvironment with immunosuppression. Additionally, the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB)/blood tumor barrier (BTB) restricts drug leakage into the brain. Therefore, it is crucial to take account of the specific characteristics of brain metastasis when developing new therapeutic strategies. Nanomaterials offer promising opportunities for targeted therapies in treating brain metastasis. They can be tailored and customized based on specific pathological features and incorporate various treatment approaches, which makes them advantageous in advancing therapeutic strategies for brain metastasis. This review provides an overview of current clinical treatment options for patients with brain metastasis. It also explores the roles and changes that different cells within the complex microenvironment play during tumor spread. Furthermore, it highlights the use of nanomaterials in current brain treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Wei Z, Zhou Y, Wang R, Wang J, Chen Z. Aptamers as Smart Ligands for Targeted Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2561. [PMID: 36559056 PMCID: PMC9781707 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Undesirable side effects and multidrug tolerance are the main holdbacks to the treatment of cancer in conventional chemotherapy. Fortunately, targeted drug delivery can improve the enrichment of drugs at the target site and reduce toxicity to normal tissues and cells. A targeted drug delivery system is usually composed of a nanocarrier and a targeting component. The targeting component is called a "ligand". Aptamers have high target affinity and specificity, which are identified as attractive and promising ligands. Therefore, aptamers have potential application in the development of smart targeting systems. For instance, aptamers are able to efficiently recognize tumor markers such as nucleolin, mucin, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Besides, aptamers can also identify glycoproteins on the surface of tumor cells. Thus, the aptamer-mediated targeted drug delivery system has received extensive attention in the application of cancer therapy. This article reviews the application of aptamers as smart ligands for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy. Special interest is focused on aptamers as smart ligands, aptamer-conjugated nanocarriers, aptamer targeting strategy for tumor microenvironment (TME), and aptamers that are specified to crucial cancer biomarkers for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jin Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
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Li X, Ta W, Hua R, Song J, Lu W. A Review on Increasing the Targeting of PAMAM as Carriers in Glioma Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102455. [PMID: 36289715 PMCID: PMC9599152 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is an invasive brain cancer, and it is difficult to achieve desired therapeutic effects due to the high postoperative recurrence rate and limited efficacy of drug therapy hindered by the biological barrier of brain tissue. Nanodrug delivery systems are of great interest, and many efforts have been made to utilize them for glioma treatment. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM), a starburst dendrimer, provides malleable molecular size, functionalized molecular structure and penetrable brain barrier characteristics. Therefore, PAMAM-based nanodrug delivery systems (PAMAM DDS) are preferred for glioma treatment research. In this review, experimental studies on PAMAM DDS for glioma therapy were focused on and summarized. Emphasis was given to three major topics: methods of drug loading, linkers between drug/ligand and PAMAM and ligands of modified PAMAM. A strategy for well-designed PAMAM DDS for glioma treatment was proposed. Purposefully understanding the physicochemical and structural characteristics of drugs is necessary for selecting drug loading methods and achieving high drug loading capacity. Additionally, functional ligands contribute to achieving the brain targeting, brain penetration and low toxicity of PAMAM DDS. Furthermore, a brilliant linker facilitates multidrug combination and multifunctional PAMAM DDS. PAMAM DDS show excellent promise as drug vehicles and will be further studied for product development and safety evaluation.
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Wang X, Chen J, Liu XH, Zeng XY, Long QY, Liu YH, Mao Q. Evaluation of CD98 light chain-LAT1 as a potential marker of cancer stem-like cells in glioblastoma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119303. [PMID: 35659617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are a minority population of glioma cells that regarded as the cause of tumor formation and recurrence. Identifying new molecular strategies targeting GSCs must be urgently developed to treat glioblastoma. In this study, one of CD98 light chain-L type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) was found as a potential GSC marker. LAT1 served as EAA transporter has been shown to be closely related with tumor invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and radiosensitivity. METHODS LAT1+ and LAT1- glioma cells were sorted by flow cytometry. Cellular immunofluorescence, sphere-formation arrays, and in vitro limiting dilution experiments were used to identify cell stemness. Differentiated glioma stem cells were cultured, and the expressions of β-tubulinIII, GFAP, and LAT1 were detected by Western blot. Nude mouse models were constructed to observe tumor formation and metastasis in nude mice. RESULTS LAT1+ glioma cells were testified a small percentage of all cells and selected as the subsequent sorting marker. LAT1+ cells were separated from U87 and U251 cells could express high level of stem cell markers, and possessed GSC properties including self-renewal ability and multi-directional differentiation potential. But LAT1- cells did not have these characteristics. In addition, LAT1+ cells were able to generate tumors in vivo, tumor size of LAT1+ cells formed were much bigger than that of LAT1- cells. CONCLUSION Our study, including molecular, cell, vitro and vivo experiments, has shown that LAT1+ cells possess GSC properties, and present for the first time that LAT1 can be used as a new marker for GSCs screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China.
| | - Jinxiu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Sciences and Technology of China, China
| | - Xiang-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Qiang-You Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Qing Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
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Li C, Zhao T, Li L, Hu X, Li C, Chen W, Hu Y. Stimuli-Responsive Gold Nanocages for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1321. [PMID: 35890217 PMCID: PMC9318695 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With advances in nanotechnology, various new drug delivery systems (DDSs) have emerged and played a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Over the last two decades, gold nanocages (AuNCs) have been attracting considerable attention because of their outstanding properties. This review summarizes current advancements in endogenous, exogenous, and dual/multi-stimuli responsive AuNCs in drug delivery. This review focuses on the properties, clinical translation potential, and limitations of stimuli-responsive AuNCs for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No. 181 Hanyu Road, Chongqing 400030, China; (C.L.); (L.L.); (X.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Tengyue Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Lixian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No. 181 Hanyu Road, Chongqing 400030, China; (C.L.); (L.L.); (X.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Xiaogang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No. 181 Hanyu Road, Chongqing 400030, China; (C.L.); (L.L.); (X.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No. 181 Hanyu Road, Chongqing 400030, China; (C.L.); (L.L.); (X.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Wanyi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No. 181 Hanyu Road, Chongqing 400030, China; (C.L.); (L.L.); (X.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Yurong Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
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Bay C, Bajraktari-Sylejmani G, Haefeli WE, Burhenne J, Weiss J, Sauter M. Functional Characterization of the Solute Carrier LAT-1 (SLC7A5/SLC2A3) in Human Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells with Rapid UPLC-MS/MS Quantification of Intracellular Isotopically Labelled L-Leucine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073637. [PMID: 35408997 PMCID: PMC8998838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT-1/SLC7A5) is a viable target for drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) and tumors due to its high abundance at the blood-brain barrier and in tumor tissue. LAT-1 is only localized on the cell surface as a heterodimer with CD98, which is not required for transporter function. To support future CNS drug-delivery development based on LAT-1 targeting, we established an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) assay for stable isotopically labeled leucine ([13C6, 15N]-L-leucine), with a dynamic range of 0.1-1000 ng/mL that can be applied for the functional testing of LAT-1 activity when combined with specific inhibitors and, consequently, the LAT-1 inhibition capacity of new compounds. The assay was established in a 96-well format, facilitating high-throughput experiments, and, hence, can support the screening for novel inhibitors. Applicable recommendations of the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency for bioanalytical method validation were followed to validate the assay. The assay was applied to investigate the IC50 of two well-known LAT-1 inhibitors on hCMEC/D3 cells: the highly specific LAT-1 inhibitor JPH203, which was also used to demonstrate LAT-1 specific uptake, and the general system L inhibitor BCH. In addition, the [13C6, 15N]-L-leucine uptake was determined on two human brain capillary endothelial cell lines (NKIM-6 and hCMEC/D3), which were characterized for their expressional differences of LAT-1 at the protein and mRNA level and the surface amount of CD98. The IC50 values of the inhibitors were in concordance with previously reported values. Furthermore, the [13C6, 15N]-L-leucine uptake was significantly higher in hCMEC/D3 cells compared to NKIM-6 cells, which correlated with higher expression of LAT-1 and a higher surface amount of CD98. Therefore, the UPLC-MS/MS quantification of ([13C6, 15N]-L-leucine is a feasible strategy for the functional characterization of LAT-1 activity in cells or tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Max Sauter
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-56-32899
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Li A, Zhang T, Huang T, Lin R, Mu J, Su Y, Sun H, Jiang X, Wu H, Xu D, Cao H, Sun X, Ling D, Gao J. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Promote Cx43-Overexpression of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Efficient Suicide Gene Therapy during Glioma Treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:8254-8269. [PMID: 34373740 PMCID: PMC8344020 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been applied as a promising vehicle for tumour-targeted delivery of suicide genes in the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk)/ganciclovir (GCV) suicide gene therapy against malignant gliomas. The efficiency of this strategy is largely dependent on the bystander effect, which relies on high suicide gene expression levels and efficient transportation of activated GCV towards glioma cells. However, up to now, the methods to enhance the bystander effect of this strategy in an efficient and safe way are still lacking and new approaches to improve this therapeutic strategy are required. Methods: In this study, MSCs were gene transfected using magnetosome-like ferrimagnetic iron oxide nanochains (MFIONs) to highly express HSV-tk. Both the suicide and bystander effects of HSV-tk expressed MSCs (MSCs-tk) were quantitatively evaluated. Connexin 43 (Cx43) expression by MSCs and glioma cells was measured under different treatments. Intercellular communication between MSCs and C6 glioma cells was examined using a dye transfer assay. Glioma tropism and the bio-distribution of MSCs-tk were observed. Anti-tumour activity was investigated in the orthotopic glioma of rats after intravenous administration of MSCs-tk followed by intraperitoneal injection of GCV. Results: Gene transfection using MFIONs achieved sufficient expression of HSV-tk and triggered Cx43 overexpression in MSCs. These Cx43 overexpressing MSCs promoted gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) between MSCs and glioma cells, resulting in significantly inhibited growth of glioma through an improved bystander effect. Outstanding tumour targeting and significantly prolonged survival with decreased tumour size were observed after the treatment using MFION-transfected MSCs in glioma model rats. Conclusion: Our results show that iron oxide nanoparticles have the potential to improve the suicide gene expression levels of transfected MSCs, while promoting the GJIC formation between MSCs and tumour cells, which enhances the sensitivity of glioma cells to HSV-tk/GCV suicide gene therapy.
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Aptamer-Based In Vivo Therapeutic Targeting of Glioblastoma. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184267. [PMID: 32957732 PMCID: PMC7570863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive, infiltrative, and lethal brain tumor in humans. Despite the extensive advancement in the knowledge about tumor progression and treatment over the last few years, the prognosis of GBM is still very poor due to the difficulty of targeting drugs or anticancer molecules to GBM cells. The major challenge in improving GBM treatment implicates the development of a targeted drug delivery system, capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and specifically targeting GBM cells. Aptamers possess many characteristics that make them ideal novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of GBM. They are short single-stranded nucleic acids (RNA or ssDNA) able to bind to a molecular target with high affinity and specificity. Several GBM-targeting aptamers have been developed for imaging, tumor cell isolation from biopsies, and drug/anticancer molecule delivery to the tumor cells. Due to their properties (low immunogenicity, long stability, and toxicity), a large number of aptamers have been selected against GBM biomarkers and tested in GBM cell lines, while only a few of them have also been tested in in vivo models of GBM. Herein, we specifically focus on aptamers tested in GBM in vivo models that can be considered as new diagnostic and/or therapeutic tools for GBM patients’ treatment.
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Scalise M, Console L, Rovella F, Galluccio M, Pochini L, Indiveri C. Membrane Transporters for Amino Acids as Players of Cancer Metabolic Rewiring. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092028. [PMID: 32899180 PMCID: PMC7565710 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells perform a metabolic rewiring to sustain an increased growth rate and compensate for the redox stress caused by augmented energy metabolism. The metabolic changes are not the same in all cancers. Some features, however, are considered hallmarks of this disease. As an example, all cancer cells rewire the amino acid metabolism for fulfilling both the energy demand and the changed signaling routes. In these altered conditions, some amino acids are more frequently used than others. In any case, the prerequisite for amino acid utilization is the presence of specific transporters in the cell membrane that can guarantee the absorption and the traffic of amino acids among tissues. Tumor cells preferentially use some of these transporters for satisfying their needs. The evidence for this phenomenon is the over-expression of selected transporters, associated with specific cancer types. The knowledge of the link between the over-expression and the metabolic rewiring is crucial for understanding the molecular mechanism of reprogramming in cancer cells. The continuous growth of information on structure-function relationships and the regulation of transporters will open novel perspectives in the fight against human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Lara Console
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Filomena Rovella
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Lorena Pochini
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (L.P.)
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM) via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09-8449-2939
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Lan Y, Liang Q, Sun Y, Cao A, Liu L, Yu S, Zhou L, Liu J, Zhu R, Liu Y. Codelivered Chemotherapeutic Doxorubicin via a Dual-Functional Immunostimulatory Polymeric Prodrug for Breast Cancer Immunochemotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31904-31921. [PMID: 32551517 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Immunochemotherapy is viewed as a promising approach for cancer therapy via combination treatment with immune-modulating drugs and chemotherapeutic drugs. A novel dual-functional immunostimulatory polymeric prodrug carrier PEG2k-Fmoc-1-MT was developed for simultaneously delivering 1-methyl tryptophan (1-MT) of an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor and chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) for breast cancer immunochemotherapy. DOX/PEG2k-Fmoc-1-MT micelles were more effective in cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in 4T1 cells. PEG2k-Fmoc-1-MT prodrug micelles presented enhanced inhibition ability of IDO with decreased kynurenine production and increased the proliferation in dose-dependent manners of effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. DOX/PEG2k-Fmoc-1-MT micelles exhibited prolonged blood circulation time and superior accumulation of DOX and 1-MT in tumors compared to that of DOX and 1-MT solutions. A significantly enhanced immune response of the DOX/PEG2k-Fmoc-1-MT micelles was observed with the decreasing tryptophan/kynurenine ratio in blood and tumor tissue, promoting effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells while reducing regulatory T cell (Tregs) expression. Meanwhile, the coreleased DOX-triggered immunogenic cell death action combined with the cleaved 1-MT promoted the related cytokine secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2, and interferon-γ, further facilitating the T cell-mediated immune responses. More importantly, the DOX-loaded micelles led to a significantly improved inhibition on tumor growth and prolonged animal survival rate in a 4T1 murine breast cancer model. In conclusion, DOX codelivered by a PEG2k-Fmoc-1-MT immunostimulatory polymeric prodrug showed a maximum immunochemotherapy efficacy against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qiangwei Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Aichen Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Shuangyu Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Liyue Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jinxia Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Rongyue Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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14
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Puris E, Gynther M, Auriola S, Huttunen KM. L-Type amino acid transporter 1 as a target for drug delivery. Pharm Res 2020; 37:88. [PMID: 32377929 PMCID: PMC7203094 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our growing understanding of membrane transporters and their substrate specificity has opened a new avenue in the field of targeted drug delivery. The L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) has been one of the most extensively investigated transporters for delivering drugs across biological barriers. The transporter is predominantly expressed in cerebral cortex, blood-brain barrier, blood-retina barrier, testis, placenta, bone marrow and several types of cancer. Its physiological function is to mediate Na+ and pH independent exchange of essential amino acids: leucine, phenylalanine, etc. Several drugs and prodrugs designed as LAT1 substrates have been developed to improve targeted delivery into the brain and cancer cells. Thus, the anti-parkinsonian drug, L-Dopa, the anti-cancer drug, melphalan and the anti-epileptic drug gabapentin, all used in clinical practice, utilize LAT1 to reach their target site. These examples provide supporting evidence for the utility of the LAT1-mediated targeted delivery of the (pro)drug. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in LAT1-mediated targeted drug delivery. In addition, the use of LAT1 is critically evaluated and limitations of the approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Puris
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mikko Gynther
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristiina M Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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15
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Zhang L, Sui C, Yang W, Luo Q. Amino acid transporters: Emerging roles in drug delivery for tumor-targeting therapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:192-206. [PMID: 32373199 PMCID: PMC7193455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid transporters, which play a vital role in transporting amino acids for the biosynthesis of mammalian cells, are highly expressed in types of tumors. Increasing studies have shown the feasibility of amino acid transporters as a component of tumor-targeting therapy. In this review, we focus on tumor-related amino acid transporters and their potential use in tumor-targeting therapy. Firstly, the expression characteristics of amino acid transporters in cancer and their relationship with tumor growth are reviewed. Secondly, the recognition requirements are discussed, focusing on the "acid-base" properties, conformational isomerism and structural analogues. Finally, recent developments in amino acid transporter-targeting drug delivery strategies are highlighted, including prodrugs and nanocarriers, with special attention to the latest findings of molecular mechanisms and targeting efficiency of transporter-mediated endocytosis. We aim to offer related clues that might lead to valuable tumor-targeting strategies by the utilization of amino acid transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Chengguang Sui
- Department of Biotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wenhan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Qiuhua Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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16
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He J, Zheng N, Xie D, Zheng Y, Song W. Multicomponent polymerization toward biodegradable polymers with diverse responsiveness in tumor microenvironments. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01576k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent polymerization (MCP), as a powerful synthetic tool, has been widely utilized to prepare diverse functional polymers for optical, electronic, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- China
| | - Yubin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- China
| | - Wangze Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- China
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17
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Wang Z, Chi D, Wu X, Wang Y, Lin X, Xu Z, Liu H, Sun J, He Z, Wang Y. Tyrosine modified irinotecan-loaded liposomes capable of simultaneously targeting LAT1 and ATB0,+ for efficient tumor therapy. J Control Release 2019; 316:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Luo Y, Yang H, Zhou YF, Hu B. Dual and multi-targeted nanoparticles for site-specific brain drug delivery. J Control Release 2019; 317:195-215. [PMID: 31794799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nanomedicines have emerged as a promising method for central nervous system drug delivery, enabling the drugs to overcome the blood-brain barrier and accumulate preferentially in the brain. Despite the current success of brain-targeted nanomedicines, limitations still exist in terms of the targeting specificity. Based on the molecular mechanism, the exact cell populations and subcellular organelles where the injury occurs and the drugs take effect have been increasingly accepted as a more specific target for the next generation of nanomedicines. Dual and multi-targeted nanoparticles integrate different targeting functionalities and have provided a paradigm for precisely delivering the drug to the pathological site inside the brain. The targeting process often involves the sequential or synchronized navigation of the targeting moieties, which allows highly controlled drug delivery compared to conventional targeting strategies. Herein, we focus on the up-to-date design of pathological site-specific nanoparticles for brain drug delivery, highlighting the dual and multi-targeting strategies that were employed and their impact on improving targeting specificity and therapeutic effects. Furthermore, the background discussion of the basic properties of a brain-targeted nanoparticle and the common lesion features classified by neurological pathology are systematically summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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19
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Du F, Chen J, Liu H, Cai Y, Cao T, Han W, Yi X, Qian M, Tian D, Nie Y, Wu K, Fan D, Xia L. SOX12 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating asparagine synthesis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:239. [PMID: 30858360 PMCID: PMC6412063 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box (SOX) family has a crucial role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. However, the role of SOX12 and the mechanism by which it is dysregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Here we analyzed SOX12 expression patterns in two independent CRC cohorts (cohort I, n = 390; cohort II, n = 363) and found that SOX12 was significantly upregulated in CRC, indicating a poor prognosis in CRC patients. Overexpression of SOX12 promoted CRC cell proliferation and metastasis, whereas downregulation of SOX12 hampered CRC aggressiveness. Mechanistically, SOX12 facilitated asparagine synthesis by transactivating glutaminase (GLS), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase 2 (GOT2), and asparagine synthetase (ASNS). Downregulation of GLS, GOT2, and ASNS blocked SOX12-mediated CRC cell proliferation and metastasis, whereas ectopic expression of GLS, GOT2, and ASNS attenuated the SOX12 knockdown-induced suppression of CRC progression. In addition, serial deletion, site-directed mutagenesis, luciferase reporter, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays indicated that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) directly binds to the SOX12 promoter and induces SOX12 expression. Administration of l-asparaginase decreased SOX12-mediated tumor growth and metastasis. In human CRC samples, SOX12 expression positively correlated with GLS, GOT2, ASNS, and HIF-1α expression. Based on these results, SOX12 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and l-asparaginase represents a potential novel therapeutic agent for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yanhui Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Tianyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Weili Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaofang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meirui Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Limin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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20
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Wu X, Yang H, Yang W, Chen X, Gao J, Gong X, Wang H, Duan Y, Wei D, Chang J. Nanoparticle-based diagnostic and therapeutic systems for brain tumors. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:4734-4750. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00860h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many theranostic nanoparticles have been tailored for high-efficiency diagnostic or therapeutic agents or applied as carriers and might provide new possibilities for brain tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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21
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Du Y, Tian C, Wang M, Huang D, Wei W, Liu Y, Li L, Sun B, Kou L, Kan Q, Liu K, Luo C, Sun J, He Z. Dipeptide-modified nanoparticles to facilitate oral docetaxel delivery: new insights into PepT1-mediated targeting strategy. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:1403-1413. [PMID: 29890854 PMCID: PMC6058494 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1480675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligopeptide transporter 1 (PepT1) has been a striking prodrug-designing target. However, the underlying mechanism of PepT1 as a target to facilitate the oral absorption of nanoparticles (NPs) remains unclear. Herein, we modify Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs with the conjugates of dipeptides (L-valine-valine, L-valine-phenylalanine) and polyoxyethylene (PEG Mw: 1000, 2000) stearate to facilitate oral delivery of docetaxel (DTX) to investigate the oral absorption mechanism and regulatory effects on PepT1 of the dipeptide-modified NPs. The cellular uptake of the dipeptide-modified NPs is more efficient than that of the unmodified NPs in the stably transfected hPepT1- Hela cells and Caco-2 cells, suggesting the involvement of PepT1 in the endocytosis of NPs. The internalization of the dipeptide-modified NPs is proved to be a proton-dependent process. Moreover, the L-valine-valine modified NPs with shorter PEG chain exhibit distinct advantages in terms of intestinal permeability and oral absorption, resulting in significantly improved oral bioavailability of DTX. In summary, PepT1 could serve as a desirable target for oral nanoparticulate drug delivery and the dipeptide-modified NPs represent a promising nanoplatform to facilitate oral delivery of hydrophobic drugs with low bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Du
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Chutong Tian
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Menglin Wang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Di Huang
- b Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Bingjun Sun
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Longfa Kou
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Qiming Kan
- c School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Kexin Liu
- b Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , P.R. China
| | - Cong Luo
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Jin Sun
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Zhonggui He
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
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22
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He X, Zhang J, Li C, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, Ruan C, Chen Q, Chen X, Guo Q, Sun T, Cheng J, Jiang C. Enhanced bioreduction-responsive diselenide-based dimeric prodrug nanoparticles for triple negative breast cancer therapy. Theranostics 2018; 8:4884-4897. [PMID: 30429875 PMCID: PMC6217054 DOI: 10.7150/thno.27581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient drug accumulation in tumor is essential for chemotherapy. We developed redox-responsive diselenide-based high-loading prodrug nanoparticles (NPs) for targeted triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment. Method: Redox-responsive diselenide bond (Se-Se) containing dimeric prodrug (PTXD-Se) was synthesized and co-precipitated with TNBC-targeting amphiphilic copolymers to form ultra-stable NPs (uPA-PTXD NPs). The drug loading capacity and redox-responsive drug release behavior were studied. TNBC targeting effect and anti-tumor effect were also evaluated in vitro and in vivo.Results: On-demand designed paclitaxel dimeric prodrug could co-precipitate with amphiphilic copolymers to form ultra-stable uPA-PTXD NPs with high drug loading capacity. Diselenide bond (Se-Se) in uPA-PTXD NPs could be selectively cleaved by abnormally high reduced potential in tumor microenvironment, releasing prototype drug, thus contributing to improved anti-cancer efficacy. Endowed with TNBC-targeting ligand uPA peptide, uPA-PTXD NPs exhibited reduced systemic toxicity and enhanced drug accumulation in TNBC lesions, thus showed significant anti-tumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: The comprehensive advantage of high drug loading, redox-controlled drug release and targeted tumor accumulation suggests uPA-PTXD NPs as a highly promising strategy for effective TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinxiao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lisha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunhui Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qinjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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23
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Li G, Qin Z, Chen Z, Xie L, Wang R, Zhao H. Tumor Microenvironment in Treatment of Glioma. Open Med (Wars) 2017; 12:247-251. [PMID: 28828406 PMCID: PMC5558106 DOI: 10.1515/med-2017-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most malignant and fatal tumors in adults. Researchers and physicians endeavor to improve clinical efficacy towards it but made little achievement. In recent years, people have made advances in understanding characteristics and functions of tumor microenvironment and its role in different processes of tumor. In this paper, we describe the effects of tumor microenvironment on glioma proliferation, invasion and treatments. By explaining underlying mechanisms and enumerating new therapy strategies employing tumor microenvironment, we aim to provide novel ideas to improve clinical outcomes of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Zhigang Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Fusong County of Jilin Province, Fusong134500, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
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24
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Ying X, Wang Y, Xu H, Li X, Yan H, Tang H, Wen C, Li Y. The construction of the multifunctional targeting ursolic acids liposomes and its apoptosis effects to C6 glioma stem cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64129-64142. [PMID: 28969057 PMCID: PMC5609989 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain gliomas, one of the most fatal tumors to human, severely threat the health and life of human. They are capable of extremely strong invasion ability. And invasive glioma cells could rapidly penetrate into normal brain tissues and break them. We prepared a kind of functional liposomes, which could be transported acrossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and afterwards induce the apoptosis of glioma stem cells. In this research, we chose ursolic acids (UA) as an anti-cancer drug to inhibit the growth of C6 glioma cells, while epigallocatechin 3-gallate(EGCG) as the agent that could induce the apoptosis of C6 glioma stem cells. With the targeting ability of MAN, the liposomes could be delivered through the BBB and finally were concentrated on the brain gliomas. Cell experiments in vitro demonstrated that the functional liposomes were able to significantly enhance the anti-cancer effects of the drugs due to promoting the apoptosis and endocytosis effects of C6 glioma cells and C6 glioma stem cells at the same time. Furthermore, the evaluations through animal models showed that the drugs could obviously prolong the survival period of brain glioma-bearing mice and inhibit the tumor growth. Consequently, multifunctional targeting ursolic acids liposomes could potentially improve the therapeutic effects on C6 glioma cells and C6 glioma stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ying
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahua Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Haolun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Helu Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, People's Republic of China.,School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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25
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Brain-Targeted Polymers for Gene Delivery in the Treatment of Brain Diseases. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:48. [PMID: 28397188 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapies have become a promising strategy for treating neurological disorders, such as brain cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, with the help of molecular biology interpreting the underlying pathological mechanisms. Successful cellular manipulation against these diseases requires efficient delivery of nucleic acids into brain and further into specific neurons or cancer cells. Compared with viral vectors, non-viral polymeric carriers provide a safer and more flexible way of gene delivery, although suffering from significantly lower transfection efficiency. Researchers have been devoted to solving this defect, which is attributed to the multiple barriers existing for gene therapeutics in vivo, such as systemic degradation, blood-brain barrier, and endosome trapping. This review will be mainly focused on systemically administrated brain-targeted polymers developed so far, including PEI, dendrimers, and synthetic polymers with various functions. We will discuss in detail how they are designed to overcome these barriers and how they efficiently deliver therapeutic nucleic acids into targeted cells.
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26
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Guo Y, Cao F, Li Y, Xiong L. Facilely synthesized pH-responsive fluorescent polymer dots entrapping doped and coupled doxorubicin for nucleus-targeted chemotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:2921-2930. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00394c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of physical doping and chemical coupling can significantly enhance the drug loading/release efficiency and improve the effect of cancer treatment. Based on this strategy, PEG-Dox doped and coupled PFBT polymer dots were optimized as a nucleus-targeted drug delivery platform for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Guo
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200030
- P. R. China
| | - Fengwen Cao
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200030
- P. R. China
| | - Yao Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200030
- P. R. China
| | - Liqin Xiong
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200030
- P. R. China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital
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