1
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Offeddu GS, Cambria E, Shelton SE, Haase K, Wan Z, Possenti L, Nguyen HT, Gillrie MR, Hickman D, Knutson CG, Kamm RD. Personalized Vascularized Models of Breast Cancer Desmoplasia Reveal Biomechanical Determinants of Drug Delivery to the Tumor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402757. [PMID: 39041892 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Desmoplasia in breast cancer leads to heterogeneity in physical properties of the tissue, resulting in disparities in drug delivery and treatment efficacy among patients, thus contributing to high disease mortality. Personalized in vitro breast cancer models hold great promise for high-throughput testing of therapeutic strategies to normalize the aberrant microenvironment in a patient-specific manner. Here, tumoroids assembled from breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, SKBR3, and MDA-MB-468) and patient-derived breast tumor cells (TCs) cultured in microphysiological systems including perfusable microvasculature reproduce key aspects of stromal and vascular dysfunction causing impaired drug delivery. Models containing SKBR3 and MDA-MB-468 tumoroids show higher stromal hyaluronic acid (HA) deposition, vascular permeability, interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), and degradation of vascular HA relative to models containing MCF7 tumoroids or models without tumoroids. Interleukin 8 (IL8) secretion is found responsible for vascular dysfunction and loss of vascular HA. Interventions targeting IL8 or stromal HA normalize vascular permeability, perfusion, and IFP, and ultimately enhance drug delivery and TC death in response to perfusion with trastuzumab and cetuximab. Similar responses are observed in patient-derived models. These microphysiological systems can thus be personalized by using patient-derived cells and can be applied to discover new molecular therapies for the normalization of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni S Offeddu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Elena Cambria
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sarah E Shelton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kristina Haase
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Barcelona, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Luca Possenti
- LaBS, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Data Science Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Huu Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mark R Gillrie
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Dean Hickman
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Charles G Knutson
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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2
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Pun S, Prakash A, Demaree D, Krummel DP, Sciumè G, Sengupta S, Barrile R. Rapid Biofabrication of an Advanced Microphysiological System Mimicking Phenotypical Heterogeneity and Drug Resistance in Glioblastoma. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401876. [PMID: 39101329 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPSs) reconstitute tissue interfaces and organ functions, presenting a promising alternative to animal models in drug development. However, traditional materials like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) often interfere by absorbing hydrophobic molecules, affecting drug testing accuracy. Additive manufacturing, including 3D bioprinting, offers viable solutions. GlioFlow3D, a novel microfluidic platform combining extrusion bioprinting and stereolithography (SLA) is introduced. GlioFlow3D integrates primary human cells and glioblastoma (GBM) lines in hydrogel-based microchannels mimicking vasculature, within an SLA resin framework using cost-effective materials. The study introduces a robust protocol to mitigate SLA resin cytotoxicity. Compared to PDMS, GlioFlow3D demonstrated lower small molecule absorption, which is relevant for accurate testing of small molecules like Temozolomide (TMZ). Computational modeling is used to optimize a pumpless setup simulating interstitial fluid flow dynamics in tissues. Co-culturing GBM with brain endothelial cells in GlioFlow3D showed enhanced CD133 expression and TMZ resistance near vascular interfaces, highlighting spatial drug resistance mechanisms. This PDMS-free platform promises advanced drug testing, improving preclinical research and personalized therapy by elucidating complex GBM drug resistance mechanisms influenced by the tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirjana Pun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Anusha Prakash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
- Abbvie, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, USA
| | - Dalee Demaree
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, 02451, USA
| | - Daniel Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Institute of Mechanics and Engineering-12 M, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33607, France
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7025, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7295, USA
| | - Riccardo Barrile
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
- Center for Stem Cells and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
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3
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Gomes FL, Jeong SH, Shin SR, Leijten J, Jonkheijm P. Engineering Synthetic Erythrocytes as Next-Generation Blood Substitutes. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2024; 34:2315879. [PMID: 39386164 PMCID: PMC11460667 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202315879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Blood scarcity is one of the main causes of healthcare disruptions worldwide, with blood shortages occurring at an alarming rate. Over the last decades, blood substitutes has aimed at reinforcing the supply of blood, with several products (e.g., hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, perfluorocarbons) achieving a limited degree of success. Regardless, there is still no widespread solution to this problem due to persistent challenges in product safety and scalability. In this Review, we describe different advances in the field of blood substitution, particularly in the development of artificial red blood cells, otherwise known as engineered erythrocytes. We categorize the different strategies into natural, synthetic, or hybrid approaches, and discuss their potential in terms of safety and scalability. We identify synthetic engineered erythrocytes as the most powerful approach, and describe erythrocytes from a materials engineering perspective. We review their biological structure and function, as well as explore different methods of assembling a material-based cell. Specifically, we discuss how to recreate size, shape, and deformability through particle fabrication, and how to recreate the functional machinery through synthetic biology and nanotechnology. We conclude by describing the versatile nature of synthetic erythrocytes in medicine and pharmaceuticals and propose specific directions for the field of erythrocyte engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca L Gomes
- Department of Molecules and Materials, Laboratory of Biointerface Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre and MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB,The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Leijten Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB, The Netherlands
| | - Seol-Ha Jeong
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Leijten Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- Department of Molecules and Materials, Laboratory of Biointerface Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre and MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB,The Netherlands
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4
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Zambuto SG, Theriault H, Jain I, Crosby CO, Pintescu I, Chiou N, Oyen ML, Zoldan J, Underhill GH, Harley BAC, Clancy KBH. Endometrial decidualization status modulates endometrial microvascular complexity and trophoblast outgrowth in gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels. NPJ WOMEN'S HEALTH 2024; 2:22. [PMID: 39036057 PMCID: PMC11259096 DOI: 10.1038/s44294-024-00020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The endometrium undergoes rapid cycles of vascular growth, remodeling, and breakdown during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Decidualization is an endometrial differentiation process driven by steroidal sex hormones that is critical for blastocyst-uterine interfacing and blastocyst implantation. Certain pregnancy disorders may be linked to decidualization processes. However, much remains unknown regarding the role of decidualization and reciprocal trophoblast-endometrial interactions on endometrial angiogenesis and trophoblast invasion. Here, we report an engineered endometrial microvascular network embedded in gelatin hydrogels that displays morphological and functional patterns of decidualization. Vessel complexity and biomolecule secretion are sensitive to decidualization and affect trophoblast motility, but that signaling between endometrial and trophoblast cells was not bi-directional. Although endometrial microvascular network decidualization status influences trophoblast cells, trophoblast cells did not induce structural changes in the endometrial microvascular networks. These findings add to a growing literature that the endometrium has biological agency at the uterine-trophoblast interface during implantation. Finally, we form a stratified endometrial tri-culture model, combining engineered microvascular networks with epithelial cells. These endometrial microvascular networks provide a well-characterized platform to investigate dynamic changes in angiogenesis in response to pathological and physiological endometrial states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha G. Zambuto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hannah Theriault
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ishita Jain
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Cody O. Crosby
- Department of Physics, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX 78626, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ioana Pintescu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Noah Chiou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michelle L. Oyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Center for Women’s Health Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Janet Zoldan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Gregory H. Underhill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kathryn B. H. Clancy
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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5
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Serrano JC, Gillrie MR, Li R, Ishamuddin SH, Moeendarbary E, Kamm RD. Microfluidic-Based Reconstitution of Functional Lymphatic Microvasculature: Elucidating the Role of Lymphatics in Health and Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302903. [PMID: 38059806 PMCID: PMC10837354 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of the blood microvasculature and its functional role in health and disease has grown significantly attributable to decades of research and numerous advances in cell biology and tissue engineering; however, the lymphatics (the secondary vascular system) has not garnered similar attention, in part due to a lack of relevant in vitro models that mimic its pathophysiological functions. Here, a microfluidic-based approach is adopted to achieve precise control over the biological transport of growth factors and interstitial flow that drive the in vivo growth of lymphatic capillaries (lymphangiogenesis). The engineered on-chip lymphatics with in vivo-like morphology exhibit tissue-scale functionality with drainage rates of interstitial proteins and molecules comparable to in vivo standards. Computational and scaling analyses of the underlying transport phenomena elucidate the critical role of the three-dimensional geometry and lymphatic endothelium in recapitulating physiological drainage. Finally, the engineered on-chip lymphatics enabled studies of lymphatic-immune interactions that revealed inflammation-driven responses by the lymphatics to recruit immune cells via chemotactic signals similar to in vivo, pathological events. This on-chip lymphatics platform permits the interrogation of various lymphatic biological functions, as well as screening of lymphatic-based therapies such as interstitial absorption of protein therapeutics and lymphatic immunomodulation for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C. Serrano
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Mark R. Gillrie
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of Medicine University of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada
| | - Ran Li
- Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Research InstituteBostonMA02114USA
| | - Sarah H. Ishamuddin
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- 199 Biotechnologies LtdGloucester RoadLondonW2 6LDUK
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
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6
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Blazeski A, Floryan MA, Fajardo-Ramírez OR, Meibalan E, Ortiz-Urbina J, Angelidakis E, Shelton SE, Kamm RD, García-Cardeña G. Engineering microvascular networks using a KLF2 reporter to probe flow-dependent endothelial cell function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.31.565021. [PMID: 37961543 PMCID: PMC10635035 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.565021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Shear stress generated by the flow of blood in the vasculature is a potent regulator of endothelial cell phenotype and vascular structure. While vascular responses to flow are complex and context-dependent, endothelial cell signaling in response to shear stress induced by laminar flows is coordinated by the transcription factor KLF2. The expression of KLF2 in endothelial cells is associated with a quiescent, anti-inflammatory phenotype and has been well characterized in two-dimensional systems, but has not been studied in three-dimensional in vitro systems. Here we develop engineered microvascular networks (MVNs) with a KLF2-based endothelial cell sensor within a microfluidic chip, apply continuous flow using an attached microfluidic pump, and study the effects of this flow on vascular structure and function. We found that culture of MVNs exposed to flow for 48 hours that resulted in increased expression of the KLF2-GFP-reporter display larger vessel diameters and decreased vascular branching and resistance. Additionally, vessel diameters after the application of flow were independent of initial MVN morphologies. Finally, we found that MVNs exposed to flow have improved vascular barrier function and decreased platelet adhesion. The MVNs with KLF2-based flow sensors represent a powerful tool for evaluating the structural and functional effects of flow on engineered three-dimensional vascular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Blazeski
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marie A. Floryan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Oscar R. Fajardo-Ramírez
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elamaran Meibalan
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesús Ortiz-Urbina
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emmanouil Angelidakis
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah E. Shelton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guillermo García-Cardeña
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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7
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Jordan R, Ford-Scheimer SL, Alarcon RM, Atala A, Borenstein JT, Brimacombe KR, Cherry S, Clevers H, Davis MI, Funnell SGP, Gehrke L, Griffith LG, Grossman AC, Hartung T, Ingber DE, Kleinstreuer NC, Kuo CJ, Lee EM, Mummery CL, Pickett TE, Ramani S, Rosado-Olivieri EA, Struble EB, Wan Z, Williams MS, Hall MD, Ferrer M, Markossian S. Report of the Assay Guidance Workshop on 3-Dimensional Tissue Models for Antiviral Drug Development. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S337-S354. [PMID: 37669225 PMCID: PMC10547463 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) Assay Guidance Manual (AGM) Workshop on 3D Tissue Models for Antiviral Drug Development, held virtually on 7-8 June 2022, provided comprehensive coverage of critical concepts intended to help scientists establish robust, reproducible, and scalable 3D tissue models to study viruses with pandemic potential. This workshop was organized by NCATS, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. During the workshop, scientific experts from academia, industry, and government provided an overview of 3D tissue models' utility and limitations, use of existing 3D tissue models for antiviral drug development, practical advice, best practices, and case studies about the application of available 3D tissue models to infectious disease modeling. This report includes a summary of each workshop session as well as a discussion of perspectives and challenges related to the use of 3D tissues in antiviral drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jordan
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephanie L Ford-Scheimer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodolfo M Alarcon
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Kyle R Brimacombe
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Mindy I Davis
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon G P Funnell
- UK Health Security Agency, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Gehrke
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linda G Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abigail C Grossman
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole C Kleinstreuer
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle, North Carolina, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Emily M Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Thames E Pickett
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sasirekha Ramani
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Evi B Struble
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark S Williams
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarine Markossian
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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8
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Rota A, Possenti L, Offeddu GS, Senesi M, Stucchi A, Venturelli I, Rancati T, Zunino P, Kamm RD, Costantino ML. A three-dimensional method for morphological analysis and flow velocity estimation in microvasculature on-a-chip. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10557. [PMID: 37693050 PMCID: PMC10487341 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques (e.g., confocal microscopy) are commonly used to visualize in vitro models, especially microvasculature on-a-chip. Conversely, 3D analysis is not the standard method to extract quantitative information from those models. We developed the μVES algorithm to analyze vascularized in vitro models leveraging 3D data. It computes morphological parameters (geometry, diameter, length, tortuosity, eccentricity) and intravascular flow velocity. μVES application to microfluidic vascularized in vitro models shows that they successfully replicate functional features of the microvasculature in vivo in terms of intravascular fluid flow velocity. However, wall shear stress is lower compared to in vivo references. The morphological analysis also highlights the model's physiological similarities (vessel length and tortuosity) and shortcomings (vessel radius and surface-over-volume ratio). The addition of the third dimension in our analysis produced significant differences in the metrics assessed compared to 2D estimations. It enabled the computation of new indices, such as vessel eccentricity. These μVES capabilities can find application in analyses of different in vitro vascular models, as well as in vivo and ex vivo microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rota
- LaBS, Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" DepartmentPolitecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Luca Possenti
- Data Science Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Data ScienceFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Giovanni S. Offeddu
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Martina Senesi
- LaBS, Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" DepartmentPolitecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Adelaide Stucchi
- LaBS, Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" DepartmentPolitecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Irene Venturelli
- LaBS, Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" DepartmentPolitecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Tiziana Rancati
- Data Science Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Data ScienceFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Paolo Zunino
- MOX, Department of MathematicsPolitecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Maria Laura Costantino
- LaBS, Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" DepartmentPolitecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
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9
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Cable J, Arlotta P, Parker KK, Hughes AJ, Goodwin K, Mummery CL, Kamm RD, Engle SJ, Tagle DA, Boj SF, Stanton AE, Morishita Y, Kemp ML, Norfleet DA, May EE, Lu A, Bashir R, Feinberg AW, Hull SM, Gonzalez AL, Blatchley MR, Montserrat Pulido N, Morizane R, McDevitt TC, Mishra D, Mulero-Russe A. Engineering multicellular living systems-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1518:183-195. [PMID: 36177947 PMCID: PMC9771928 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability to engineer complex multicellular systems has enormous potential to inform our understanding of biological processes and disease and alter the drug development process. Engineering living systems to emulate natural processes or to incorporate new functions relies on a detailed understanding of the biochemical, mechanical, and other cues between cells and between cells and their environment that result in the coordinated action of multicellular systems. On April 3-6, 2022, experts in the field met at the Keystone symposium "Engineering Multicellular Living Systems" to discuss recent advances in understanding how cells cooperate within a multicellular system, as well as recent efforts to engineer systems like organ-on-a-chip models, biological robots, and organoids. Given the similarities and common themes, this meeting was held in conjunction with the symposium "Organoids as Tools for Fundamental Discovery and Translation".
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Arlotta
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex J Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology and LUMC hiPSC Hotel, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandra J Engle
- Translational Biology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danilo A Tagle
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sylvia F Boj
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alice E Stanton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Morishita
- Laboratory for Developmental Morphogeometry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Melissa L Kemp
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dennis A Norfleet
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elebeoba E May
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and HEALTH Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Wisconsin Institute of Discovery and Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aric Lu
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Draper Laboratory, Biological Engineering Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Holonyak Micro & Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah M Hull
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anjelica L Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael R Blatchley
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- The Gladstone Institutes and Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Deepak Mishra
- Department of Biological Engineering, Synthetic Biology Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adriana Mulero-Russe
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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10
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Deng P, Zhao M, Zhang X, Qin J. A Transwell-Based Vascularized Model to Investigate the Effect of Interstitial Flow on Vasculogenesis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:668. [PMID: 36354579 PMCID: PMC9687519 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Interstitial flow plays a significant role in vascular system development, mainly including angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. However, compared to angiogenesis, the effect of interstitial flow on vasculogenesis is less explored. Current in vitro models for investigating the effect of interstitial flow on vasculogenesis heavily rely on microfluidic chips, which require microfluidic expertise and facilities, and may not be accessible to biological labs. Here, we proposed a facile approach to building perfusable vascular networks through the self-assembly of endothelial cells in a modified transwell format and investigated the effect of interstitial flow on vasculogenesis. We found that the effect of interstitial flow on vasculogenesis was closely related to the existence of VEGF and fibroblasts in the developed model: (1) In the presence of fibroblasts, interstitial flow (within the range of 0.1-0.6 μm/s) facilitated the perfusability of the engineered vasculatures. Additional VEGF in the culture medium further worked synergically with interstitial flow to develop longer, wider, denser, and more perfusable vasculatures than static counterparts; (2) In the absence of fibroblasts, vasculatures underwent severe regression within 7 days under static conditions. However, interstitial flow greatly inhibited vessel regression and enhanced vascular perfusability and morphogenesis without the need for additional VEGF. These results revealed that the effect of interstitial flow might vary depending on the existence of VEGF and fibroblasts, and would provide some guidelines for constructing in vitro self-assembled vasculatures. The established transwell-based vascularized model provides a simple method to build perfusable vasculatures and could also be utilized for creating functional tissues in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Deng
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengqian Zhao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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11
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Simitian G, Virumbrales-Muñoz M, Sánchez-de-Diego C, Beebe DJ, Kosoff D. Microfluidics in vascular biology research: a critical review for engineers, biologists, and clinicians. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3618-3636. [PMID: 36047330 PMCID: PMC9530010 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00352j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Neovascularization, the formation of new blood vessels, has received much research attention due to its implications for physiological processes and diseases. Most studies using traditional in vitro and in vivo platforms find challenges in recapitulating key cellular and mechanical cues of the neovascularization processes. Microfluidic in vitro models have been presented as an alternative to these limitations due to their capacity to leverage microscale physics to control cell organization and integrate biochemical and mechanical cues, such as shear stress, cell-cell interactions, or nutrient gradients, making them an ideal option for recapitulating organ physiology. Much has been written about the use of microfluidics in vascular biology models from an engineering perspective. However, a review introducing the different models, components and progress for new potential adopters of these technologies was absent in the literature. Therefore, this paper aims to approach the use of microfluidic technologies in vascular biology from a perspective of biological hallmarks to be studied and written for a wide audience ranging from clinicians to engineers. Here we review applications of microfluidics in vascular biology research, starting with design considerations and fabrication techniques. After that, we review the state of the art in recapitulating angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, according to the hallmarks recapitulated and complexity of the models. Finally, we discuss emerging research areas in neovascularization, such as drug discovery, and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigor Simitian
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - María Virumbrales-Muñoz
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Cristina Sánchez-de-Diego
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - David Kosoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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12
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A predictive microfluidic model of human glioblastoma to assess trafficking of blood-brain barrier-penetrant nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118697119. [PMID: 35648828 PMCID: PMC9191661 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118697119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier represents a significant challenge for the treatment of high-grade gliomas, and our understanding of drug transport across this critical biointerface remains limited. To advance preclinical therapeutic development for gliomas, there is an urgent need for predictive in vitro models with realistic blood–brain-barrier vasculature. Here, we report a vascularized human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) model in a microfluidic device that accurately recapitulates brain tumor vasculature with self-assembled endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes to investigate the transport of targeted nanotherapeutics across the blood–brain barrier and into GBM cells. Using modular layer-by-layer assembly, we functionalized the surface of nanoparticles with GBM-targeting motifs to improve trafficking to tumors. We directly compared nanoparticle transport in our in vitro platform with transport across mouse brain capillaries using intravital imaging, validating the ability of the platform to model in vivo blood–brain-barrier transport. We investigated the therapeutic potential of functionalized nanoparticles by encapsulating cisplatin and showed improved efficacy of these GBM-targeted nanoparticles both in vitro and in an in vivo orthotopic xenograft model. Our vascularized GBM model represents a significant biomaterials advance, enabling in-depth investigation of brain tumor vasculature and accelerating the development of targeted nanotherapeutics.
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13
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Shuchat S, Yossifon G, Huleihel M. Perfusion in Organ-on-Chip Models and Its Applicability to the Replication of Spermatogenesis In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5402. [PMID: 35628214 PMCID: PMC9141186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ/organoid-on-a-chip (OoC) technologies aim to replicate aspects of the in vivo environment in vitro, at the scale of microns. Mimicking the spatial in vivo structure is important and can provide a deeper understanding of the cell-cell interactions and the mechanisms that lead to normal/abnormal function of a given organ. It is also important for disease models and drug/toxin testing. Incorporating active fluid flow in chip models enables many more possibilities. Active flow can provide physical cues, improve intercellular communication, and allow for the dynamic control of the environment, by enabling the efficient introduction of biological factors, drugs, or toxins. All of this is in addition to the fundamental role of flow in supplying nutrition and removing waste metabolites. This review presents an overview of the different types of fluid flow and how they are incorporated in various OoC models. The review then describes various methods and techniques of incorporating perfusion networks into OoC models, including self-assembly, bioprinting techniques, and utilizing sacrificial gels. The second part of the review focuses on the replication of spermatogenesis in vitro; the complex process whereby spermatogonial stem cells differentiate into mature sperm. A general overview is given of the various approaches that have been used. The few studies that incorporated microfluidics or vasculature are also described. Finally, a future perspective is given on elements from perfusion-based models that are currently used in models of other organs and can be applied to the field of in vitro spermatogenesis. For example, adopting tubular blood vessel models to mimic the morphology of the seminiferous tubules and incorporating vasculature in testis-on-a-chip models. Improving these models would improve our understanding of the process of spermatogenesis. It may also potentially provide novel therapeutic strategies for pre-pubertal cancer patients who need aggressive chemotherapy that can render them sterile, as well asfor a subset of non-obstructive azoospermic patients with maturation arrest, whose testes do not produce sperm but still contain some of the progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sholom Shuchat
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (S.S.); (G.Y.)
| | - Gilad Yossifon
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (S.S.); (G.Y.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Mahmoud Huleihel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
- The Center of Advanced Research and Education in Reproduction (CARER), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
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14
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Maurissen TL, Pavlou G, Bichsel C, Villaseñor R, Kamm RD, Ragelle H. Microphysiological Neurovascular Barriers to Model the Inner Retinal Microvasculature. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020148. [PMID: 35207637 PMCID: PMC8876566 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-neural barriers regulate nutrient supply to neuronal tissues and prevent neurotoxicity. In particular, the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) and blood–brain barrier (BBB) share common origins in development, and similar morphology and function in adult tissue, while barrier breakdown and leakage of neurotoxic molecules can be accompanied by neurodegeneration. Therefore, pre-clinical research requires human in vitro models that elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms and support drug discovery, to add to animal in vivo modeling that poorly predict patient responses. Advanced cellular models such as microphysiological systems (MPS) recapitulate tissue organization and function in many organ-specific contexts, providing physiological relevance, potential for customization to different population groups, and scalability for drug screening purposes. While human-based MPS have been developed for tissues such as lung, gut, brain and tumors, few comprehensive models exist for ocular tissues and iBRB modeling. Recent BBB in vitro models using human cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU) showed physiological morphology and permeability values, and reproduced brain neurological disorder phenotypes that could be applicable to modeling the iBRB. Here, we describe similarities between iBRB and BBB properties, compare existing neurovascular barrier models, propose leverage of MPS-based strategies to develop new iBRB models, and explore potentials to personalize cellular inputs and improve pre-clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Maurissen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Georgios Pavlou
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., MIT Building, Room NE47-321, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Colette Bichsel
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland;
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Institute for Translational Bioengineering, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Villaseñor
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., MIT Building, Room NE47-321, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., MIT Building, Room NE47-321, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Correspondence: (R.D.K.); (H.R.)
| | - Héloïse Ragelle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (R.D.K.); (H.R.)
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15
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Engineered human blood-brain barrier microfluidic model for vascular permeability analyses. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:95-128. [PMID: 34997242 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00635-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) greatly restricts the entry of biological and engineered therapeutic molecules into the brain. Due to challenges in translating results from animal models to the clinic, relevant in vitro human BBB models are needed to assess pathophysiological molecular transport mechanisms and enable the design of targeted therapies for neurological disorders. This protocol describes an in vitro model of the human BBB self-assembled within microfluidic devices from stem-cell-derived or primary brain endothelial cells, and primary brain pericytes and astrocytes. This protocol requires 1.5 d for device fabrication, 7 d for device culture and up to 5 d for downstream imaging, protein and gene expression analyses. Methodologies to measure the permeability of any molecule in the BBB model, which take 30 min per device, are also included. Compared with standard 2D assays, the BBB model features relevant cellular organization and morphological characteristics, as well as values of molecular permeability within the range expected in vivo. These properties, coupled with a functional brain endothelial expression profile and the capability to easily test several repeats with low reagent consumption, make this BBB model highly suitable for widespread use in academic and industrial laboratories.
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16
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Haase K, Piatti F, Marcano M, Shin Y, Visone R, Redaelli A, Rasponi M, Kamm RD. Physiologic flow-conditioning limits vascular dysfunction in engineered human capillaries. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121248. [PMID: 34794827 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hemodynamics play a central role in the health and disease of the coronary and peripheral vascular systems. Vessel-lining endothelial cells are known mechanosensors, responding to disturbances in flow - with mechanosensitivity hypothesized to change in response to metabolic demands. The health of our smallest microvessels have been lauded as a prognostic marker for cardiovascular health. Yet, despite numerous animal models, studying these small vessels has proved difficult. Microfluidic technologies have allowed a number of 3D vascular models to be developed and used to investigate human vessels. Here, two such systems are employed for examining 1) interstitial flow effects on neo-vessel formation, and 2) the effects of flow-conditioning on vascular remodeling following sustained static culture. Interstitial flow is shown to enhance early vessel formation via significant remodeling of vessels and interconnected tight junctions of the endothelium. In formed vessels, continuous flow maintains a stable vascular diameter and causes significant remodeling, contrasting the continued anti-angiogenic decline of statically cultured vessels. This study is the first to couple complex 3D computational flow distributions and microvessel remodeling from microvessels grown on-chip (exposed to flow or no-flow conditions). Flow-conditioned vessels (WSS < 1Pa for 30 μm vessels) increase endothelial barrier function, result in significant changes in gene expression and reduce reactive oxygen species and anti-angiogenic cytokines. Taken together, these results demonstrate microvessel mechanosensitivity to flow-conditioning, which limits deleterious vessel regression in vitro, and could have implications for future modeling of reperfusion/no-flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Haase
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Filippo Piatti
- Dept. of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Yoojin Shin
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roberta Visone
- Dept. of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Redaelli
- Dept. of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Dept. of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Dept. of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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17
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Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most selective endothelial barriers. An understanding of its cellular, morphological, and biological properties in health and disease is necessary to develop therapeutics that can be transported from blood to brain. In vivo models have provided some insight into these features and transport mechanisms adopted at the brain, yet they have failed as a robust platform for the translation of results into clinical outcomes. In this article, we provide a general overview of major BBB features and describe various models that have been designed to replicate this barrier and neurological pathologies linked with the BBB. We propose several key parameters and design characteristics that can be employed to engineer physiologically relevant models of the blood-brain interface and highlight the need for a consensus in the measurement of fundamental properties of this barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Hajal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Baptiste Le Roi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ben M Maoz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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18
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A Mesoscale Computational Model for Microvascular Oxygen Transfer. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:3356-3373. [PMID: 34184146 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We address a mathematical model for oxygen transfer in the microcirculation. The model includes blood flow and hematocrit transport coupled with the interstitial flow, oxygen transport in the blood and the tissue, including capillary-tissue exchange effects. Moreover, the model is suited to handle arbitrarily complex vascular geometries. The purpose of this study is the validation of the model with respect to classical solutions and the further demonstration of its adequacy to describe the heterogeneity of oxygenation in the tissue microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the importance of these effects in the treatment of cancer using radiotherapy.
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19
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Wasson EM, Dubbin K, Moya ML. Go with the flow: modeling unique biological flows in engineered in vitro platforms. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2095-2120. [PMID: 34008661 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00014d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Interest in recapitulating in vivo phenomena in vitro using organ-on-a-chip technology has grown rapidly and with it, attention to the types of fluid flow experienced in the body has followed suit. These platforms offer distinct advantages over in vivo models with regards to human relevance, cost, and control of inputs (e.g., controlled manipulation of biomechanical cues from fluid perfusion). Given the critical role biophysical forces play in several tissues and organs, it is therefore imperative that engineered in vitro platforms capture the complex, unique flow profiles experienced in the body that are intimately tied with organ function. In this review, we outline the complex and unique flow regimes experienced by three different organ systems: blood vasculature, lymphatic vasculature, and the intestinal system. We highlight current state-of-the-art platforms that strive to replicate physiological flows within engineered tissues while introducing potential limitations in current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M Wasson
- Material Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave L-222, Livermore, CA 94551, USA.
| | - Karen Dubbin
- Material Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave L-222, Livermore, CA 94551, USA.
| | - Monica L Moya
- Material Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave L-222, Livermore, CA 94551, USA.
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20
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Lee SWL, Seager RJ, Litvak F, Spill F, Sieow JL, Leong PH, Kumar D, Tan ASM, Wong SC, Adriani G, Zaman MH, Kamm ARD. Integrated in silico and 3D in vitro model of macrophage migration in response to physical and chemical factors in the tumor microenvironment. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 12:90-108. [PMID: 32248236 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are abundant in the tumor microenvironment (TME), serving as accomplices to cancer cells for their invasion. Studies have explored the biochemical mechanisms that drive pro-tumor macrophage functions; however the role of TME interstitial flow (IF) is often disregarded. Therefore, we developed a three-dimensional microfluidic-based model with tumor cells and macrophages to study how IF affects macrophage migration and its potential contribution to cancer invasion. The presence of either tumor cells or IF individually increased macrophage migration directedness and speed. Interestingly, there was no additive effect on macrophage migration directedness and speed under the simultaneous presence of tumor cells and IF. Further, we present an in silico model that couples chemokine-mediated signaling with mechanosensing networks to explain our in vitro observations. In our model design, we propose IL-8, CCL2, and β-integrin as key pathways that commonly regulate various Rho GTPases. In agreement, in vitro macrophage migration remained elevated when exposed to a saturating concentration of recombinant IL-8 or CCL2 or to the co-addition of a sub-saturating concentration of both cytokines. Moreover, antibody blockade against IL-8 and/or CCL2 inhibited migration that could be restored by IF, indicating cytokine-independent mechanisms of migration induction. Importantly, we demonstrate the utility of an integrated in silico and 3D in vitro approach to aid the design of tumor-associated macrophage-based immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wei Ling Lee
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, 117597, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - R J Seager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Felix Litvak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Fabian Spill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Je Lin Sieow
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Penny Hweixian Leong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Dillip Kumar
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Alrina Shin Min Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, 117597, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Giulia Adriani
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Muhammad Hamid Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - And Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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21
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Offeddu GS, Hajal C, Foley CR, Wan Z, Ibrahim L, Coughlin MF, Kamm RD. The cancer glycocalyx mediates intravascular adhesion and extravasation during metastatic dissemination. Commun Biol 2021; 4:255. [PMID: 33637851 PMCID: PMC7910477 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx on tumor cells has been recently identified as an important driver for cancer progression, possibly providing critical opportunities for treatment. Metastasis, in particular, is often the limiting step in the survival to cancer, yet our understanding of how tumor cells escape the vascular system to initiate metastatic sites remains limited. Using an in vitro model of the human microvasculature, we assess here the importance of the tumor and vascular glycocalyces during tumor cell extravasation. Through selective manipulation of individual components of the glycocalyx, we reveal a mechanism whereby tumor cells prepare an adhesive vascular niche by depositing components of the glycocalyx along the endothelium. Accumulated hyaluronic acid shed by tumor cells subsequently mediates adhesion to the endothelium via the glycoprotein CD44. Trans-endothelial migration and invasion into the stroma occurs through binding of the isoform CD44v to components of the sub-endothelial extra-cellular matrix. Targeting of the hyaluronic acid-CD44 glycocalyx complex results in significant reduction in the extravasation of tumor cells. These studies provide evidence of tumor cells repurposing the glycocalyx to promote adhesive interactions leading to cancer progression. Such glycocalyx-mediated mechanisms may be therapeutically targeted to hinder metastasis and improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni S. Offeddu
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Cynthia Hajal
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Colleen R. Foley
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Lina Ibrahim
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Mark F. Coughlin
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
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22
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Offeddu GS, Serrano JC, Chen SW, Shelton SE, Shin Y, Floryan M, Kamm RD. Microheart: A microfluidic pump for functional vascular culture in microphysiological systems. J Biomech 2021; 119:110330. [PMID: 33631662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Advances in microphysiological systems have prompted the need for long-term cell culture under physiological flow conditions. Conventional laboratory pumps typically lack the ability to deliver cell culture media at the low flow rates required to meet the physiological ranges of fluid flow, and are often pulsatile or require flow reversal. Here, a microfluidic-based pump is presented, which allows for the controlled delivery of media for vascular microphysiological applications. The performance of the pump was characterized in a range of microfluidic systems, including straight channels of varying dimensions and self-assembled microvascular networks. A theoretical framework was developed based on lumped element analysis to predict the performance of the pump for different fluidic configurations and a finite element model of the included check-valves. The use of the pump for microvascular physiological studies demonstrated the utility of this system to recapitulate vascular fluid transport phenomena in microphysiological systems, which may find applications in disease models and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni S Offeddu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jean Carlos Serrano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sophia W Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah E Shelton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yoojin Shin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marie Floryan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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23
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Zhang S, Wan Z, Kamm RD. Vascularized organoids on a chip: strategies for engineering organoids with functional vasculature. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:473-488. [PMID: 33480945 PMCID: PMC8283929 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01186j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Human organoids, self-organized and differentiated from homogenous pluripotent stem cells (PSC), replicate the key structural and functional characteristics of their in vivo counterparts. Despite the rapid advancement of organoid technology and its diverse applications, major limitations in achieving truly in vivo like functionality have been the lack of matured structural organization and constraints on tissue size, both of which are direct consequences of lacking a functional vasculature. In the absence of perfusable vessels, a core region within organoids quickly becomes necrotic during development due to increased metabolic demands that cannot be met by diffusion alone. Thus, incorporating functional vasculature in organoid models is indispensable for their growth in excess of several hundred microns and maturaturation beyond the embryonic and fetal phase. Here, we review recent advancements in vascularizing organoids and engineering in vitro capillary beds, and further explore strategies to integrate them on a microfluidic based platform, aiming for establishing perfused vasculature throughout organoids in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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24
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Ayuso JM, Park KY, Virumbrales-Muñoz M, Beebe DJ. Toward improved in vitro models of human cancer. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:010902. [PMID: 33532672 PMCID: PMC7822630 DOI: 10.1063/5.0026857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death across the world and continues to increase in incidence. Despite years of research, multiple tumors (e.g., glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer) still have limited treatment options in the clinic. Additionally, the attrition rate and cost of drug development have continued to increase. This trend is partly explained by the poor predictive power of traditional in vitro tools and animal models. Moreover, multiple studies have highlighted that cell culture in traditional Petri dishes commonly fail to predict drug sensitivity. Conversely, animal models present differences in tumor biology compared with human pathologies, explaining why promising therapies tested in animal models often fail when tested in humans. The surging complexity of patient management with the advent of cancer vaccines, immunotherapy, and precision medicine demands more robust and patient-specific tools to better inform our understanding and treatment of human cancer. Advances in stem cell biology, microfluidics, and cell culture have led to the development of sophisticated bioengineered microscale organotypic models (BMOMs) that could fill this gap. In this Perspective, we discuss the advantages and limitations of patient-specific BMOMs to improve our understanding of cancer and how these tools can help to confer insight into predicting patient response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keon-Young Park
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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25
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Haase K, Offeddu GS, Gillrie MR, Kamm RD. Endothelial Regulation of Drug Transport in a 3D Vascularized Tumor Model. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2002444. [PMID: 33692661 PMCID: PMC7939067 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202002444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery and efficacy in cancer treatments are limited by the inability of pre-clinical models to predict successful outcomes in humans. Limitations remain partly due to their lack of a physiologic tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a considerable role in drug delivery and tumor response to therapy. Chemotherapeutics and immunotherapies rely on transport through the vasculature, via the smallest capillaries and stroma to the tumor, where passive and active transport processes are at play. Here, a 3D vascularized tumor on-chip is used to examine drug delivery in a relevant TME within a large bed of perfusable vasculature. This system demonstrates highly localized pathophysiological effects of two tumor spheroids (Skov3 and A549) which cause significant changes in vessel density and barrier function. Paclitaxel (Taxol) uptake is examined through diffusivity measurements, functional efflux assays and accumulation of the fluorescent-conjugated drug within the TME. Due to vascular and stromal contributions, differences in the response of vascularized tumors to Taxol (shrinkage and CD44 expression) are apparent compared with simpler models. This model specifically allows for examination of spatially resolved tumor-associated endothelial dysfunction, likely improving the representation of in vivo drug distribution, and has potential for development into a more predictable model of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Haase
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | | | - Mark R Gillrie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, 02139, USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
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26
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Possenti L, Di Gregorio S, Casagrande G, Costantino ML, Rancati T, Zunino P. A global sensitivity analysis approach applied to a multiscale model of microvascular flow. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 23:1215-1224. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1793964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Possenti
- LaBS, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ’Giulio Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Di Gregorio
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G. Casagrande
- LaBS, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ’Giulio Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M. L. Costantino
- LaBS, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ’Giulio Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - T. Rancati
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - P. Zunino
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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27
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Hajal C, Ibrahim L, Serrano JC, Offeddu GS, Kamm RD. The effects of luminal and trans-endothelial fluid flows on the extravasation and tissue invasion of tumor cells in a 3D in vitro microvascular platform. Biomaterials 2020; 265:120470. [PMID: 33190735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the process of metastatic dissemination, tumor cells are continuously subjected to mechanical forces resulting from complex fluid flows due to changes in pressures in their local microenvironments. While these forces have been associated with invasive phenotypes in 3D matrices, their role in key steps of the metastatic cascade, namely extravasation and subsequent interstitial migration, remains poorly understood. In this study, an in vitro model of the human microvasculature was employed to subject tumor cells to physiological luminal, trans-endothelial, and interstitial flows to evaluate their effects on those key steps of metastasis. Luminal flow promoted the extravasation potential of tumor cells, possibly as a result of their increased intravascular migration speed. Trans-endothelial flow increased the speed with which tumor cells transmigrated across the endothelium as well as their migration speed in the matrix following extravasation. In addition, tumor cells possessed a greater propensity to migrate in close proximity to the endothelium when subjected to physiological flows, which may promote the successful formation of metastatic foci. These results show important roles of fluid flow during extravasation and invasion, which could determine the local metastatic potential of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Hajal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lina Ibrahim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jean Carlos Serrano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Giovanni S Offeddu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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28
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Ngo MT, Harley BAC. Angiogenic biomaterials to promote therapeutic regeneration and investigate disease progression. Biomaterials 2020; 255:120207. [PMID: 32569868 PMCID: PMC7396313 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vasculature is a key component of the tissue microenvironment. Traditionally known for its role in providing nutrients and oxygen to surrounding cells, the vasculature is now also acknowledged to provide signaling cues that influence biological outcomes in regeneration and disease. These cues come from the cells that comprise vasculature, as well as the dynamic biophysical and biochemical properties of the surrounding extracellular matrix that accompany vascular development and remodeling. In this review, we illustrate the larger role of the vasculature in the context of regenerative biology and cancer progression. We describe cellular, biophysical, biochemical, and metabolic components of vascularized microenvironments. Moreover, we provide an overview of multidimensional angiogenic biomaterials that have been developed to promote therapeutic vascularization and regeneration, as well as to mimic elements of vascularized microenvironments as a means to uncover mechanisms by which vasculature influences cancer progression and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai T Ngo
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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29
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Offeddu GS, Mohee L, Cameron RE. Scale and structure dependent solute diffusivity within microporous tissue engineering scaffolds. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:46. [PMID: 32367247 PMCID: PMC7198636 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion of nutrients to cells cultured within three-dimensional scaffolds is fundamental for cell survival during development of the tissue construct, when no vasculature is present to aid transport. Significant efforts have been made to characterize the effect of structure on solute diffusivity in nanoporous hydrogels, yet a similar thorough characterization has not been attempted for microporous scaffolds. Here, we make use of freeze-dried collagen scaffolds, possessing pore sizes in the range 150-250 μm and isotropic or aligned morphology, to study the diffusivity of fluorescent dextran molecules. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching is used to measure the self diffusivity of the solutes within single pores, while Fickian diffusion over scales larger than the pore size is studied by assessing the solute concentration profile within the materials over time. We show that, not only do the morphological parameters of the scaffolds significantly affect the diffusivity of the solutes, but also that the assessment of such diffusivity depends on the length scale of diffusion of the molecules under investigation, with the resulting diffusion coefficients being differently affected by the scaffold structure. The results provided can guide the design of scaffolds with tailored diffusivity and nutrient concentration profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni S Offeddu
- Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Lakshana Mohee
- Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Ruth E Cameron
- Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
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