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Zang L, Zhao C, Hu X, Tao J, Chen S, Chu J. Emerging Trends in Electron Transport Layer Development for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400807. [PMID: 38573941 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) stand at the forefront of photovoltaic research, with current efficiencies surpassing 26.1%. This review critically examines the role of electron transport materials (ETMs) in enhancing the performance and longevity of PSCs. It presents an integrated overview of recent advancements in ETMs, like TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, fullerenes, non-fullerene polymers, and small molecules. Critical challenges are regulated grain structure, defect passivation techniques, energy level alignment, and interfacial engineering. Furthermore, the review highlights innovative materials that promise to redefine charge transport in PSCs. A detailed comparison of state-of-the-art ETMs elucidates their effectiveness in different perovskite systems. This review endeavors to inform the strategic enhancement and development of n-type electron transport layers (ETLs), delineating a pathway toward the realization of PSCs with superior efficiency and stability for potential commercial deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Zang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chunhu Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Intelligent, School of Resource & Environment, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiahua Tao
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Shaoqiang Chen
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Junhao Chu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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Zhang X, Gang Y, Jiang S, Li M, Xue H, Li X. One-Stone-for-Two-Birds Method to Improve the SnO 2 Layers for High Power-per-Weight Flexible Perovskite Solar Cell Mini-modules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27368-27380. [PMID: 38747540 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of flexible perovskite solar cells (fPSCs) while decreasing their weight is essential to utilize their lightweight and flexibility as much as possible for commercialization. Strengthening the interfaces between functional layers, such as flexible substrates, charge transport layers, and perovskite active layers, is critical to addressing the issue. Herein, we propose a feasible and one-stone-for-two-birds method to improve the electron transport layer (ETL), SnO2, and the interface between the ETL and perovskite layer simultaneously. In detail, poly(acrylate ammonium) (PAAm), a low-cost polymer with a long chain structure, is added into the SnO2 aqueous solution to reduce the aggregation of SnO2 nanoparticles, resulting in the deposition of a conformal and high-quality ETL film on the tin-doped indium oxide film surface. Simultaneously, PAAm addition can effectively regulate the crystallization of the perovskite films, strengthening the interface between the SnO2 film and the buried surface of the perovskite layer. The outstanding PCEs of 22.41% on small-scale fPSCs and 18.54% on fPSC mini-modules are among the state-of-the-art n-i-p type fPSCs. Moreover, the fPSC mini-module on the 20 μm-thick flexible substrate shows a comparable PCE with that of the fPSC mini-module on the 125 μm-thick flexible substrate, exhibiting a high power-to-weight of 5.097 W/g. This work provides an easy but essential direction for further applications of fPSCs in diverse scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yong Gang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shusen Jiang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mingpo Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hao Xue
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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3
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Armstrong PJ, Chapagain S, Panta R, Grapperhaus C, Druffel T. Synthesizing and formulating metal oxide nanoparticle inks for perovskite solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12248-12261. [PMID: 37751155 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02830e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The perovskite solar cell has commercial potential due to the low-cost of materials and manufacturing processes with cell efficiencies on par with traditional technologies. Nanomaterials have many properties that make them attractive for the perovskite devices, including low-cost inks, low temperature processing, stable material properties and good charge transport. In this feature article, the use of nanomaterials in the hole transport and electron transport layers are reviewed. Specifically, SnO2 and NiOx are the leading materials with the most promise for translation to large scale applications. The review includes a discussion of the synthesis, formulation, and processing of these nanoparticles and provides insights for their further deployment towards commercially viable perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Armstrong
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Sashil Chapagain
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Rojita Panta
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Craig Grapperhaus
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Thad Druffel
- University of Louisville, Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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Nukunudompanich M, Suzuki K, Kameda K, Manzhos S, Ihara M. Nano-scale smooth surface of the compact-TiO 2 layer via spray pyrolysis for controlling the grain size of the perovskite layer in perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27686-27695. [PMID: 37727315 PMCID: PMC10506461 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05547g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of perovskite film growth is critical for the final morphology and, thus, the performance of the perovskite solar cell. The nano-roughness of compact TiO2 (c-TiO2) fabricated via the spray pyrolysis method had a significant effect on the perovskite grain size and perovskite solar cell performance in this work. While spray pyrolysis is a low-cost and straightforward deposition technique suitable for large-scale application, it is influenced by a number of parameters, including (i) alcoholic solvent precursor, (ii) spray temperature, and (iii) annealing temperature. Among alcoholic solvents, 2-propanol and 1-butanol showed a smooth surface without any large TiO2 particles on the surface compared to EtOH. The lowest roughness of the c-TiO2 layer was obtained at 450 °C with an average perovskite grain size of around 300 nm. Increased annealing temperature has a positive effect on the roughness of TiO2. The highest efficiency of the solar cell was achieved by using 1-butanol as the solvent. The decrease in the nano roughness of c-TiO2 promoted larger perovskite grain sizes via a relative decrease in the nucleation rate. Therefore, controlling the spray pyrolysis technique used to deposit the c-TiO2 layer is a promising route to control the surface nanoroughness of c-TiO2, which results in an increase in the MAPbI3 grain size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Methawee Nukunudompanich
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 152-8552 Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuma Suzuki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 152-8552 Tokyo Japan
| | - Keisuke Kameda
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 152-8552 Tokyo Japan
| | - Sergei Manzhos
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 152-8552 Tokyo Japan
| | - Manabu Ihara
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 152-8552 Tokyo Japan
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Gao H, Sun L, Ni D, Zhang L, Wang H, Bu W, Li J, Shen Q, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zheng X. Regulating electron transportation by tungsten oxide nanocapacitors for enhanced radiation therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:205. [PMID: 37386437 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the process of radiation therapy (RT), the cytotoxic effects of excited electrons generated from water radiolysis tend to be underestimated due to multiple biochemical factors, particularly the recombination between electrons and hydroxyl radicals (·OH). To take better advantage of radiolytic electrons, we constructed WO3 nanocapacitors that reversibly charge and discharge electrons to regulate electron transportation and utilization. During radiolysis, WO3 nanocapacitors could contain the generated electrons that block electron-·OH recombination and contribute to the yield of ·OH at a high level. These contained electrons could be discharged from WO3 nanocapacitors after radiolysis, resulting in the consumption of cytosolic NAD+ and impairment of NAD+-dependent DNA repair. Overall, this strategy of nanocapacitor-based radiosensitization improves the radiotherapeutic effects by increasing the utilization of radiolytic electrons and ·OH, warranting further validation in multiple tumour models and preclinical experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Dalong Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenbo Bu
- Department of Material Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Qianwen Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Material Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Material Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiangpeng Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Wu Z, Su J, Chai N, Cheng S, Wang X, Zhang Z, Liu X, Zhong H, Yang J, Wang Z, Liu J, Li X, Lin H. Periodic Acid Modification of Chemical-Bath Deposited SnO 2 Electron Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells and Mini Modules. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300010. [PMID: 37140187 PMCID: PMC10369290 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical bath deposition (CBD) has been demonstrated as a remarkable technology to fabricate high-quality SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) for large-area perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, surface defects always exist on the SnO2 film coated by the CBD process, impairing the devices' performance. Here, a facile periodic acid post-treatment (PAPT) method is developed to modify the SnO2 layer. Periodic acid can react with hydroxyl groups on the surface of SnO2 films and oxidize Tin(II) oxide to Tin(IV) oxide. With the help of periodic acid, a better energy level alignment between the SnO2 and perovskite layers is achieved. In addition, the PAPT method inhibits interfacial nonradiative recombination and facilitates charge transportation. Such a multifunctional strategy enables to fabricate PSC with a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.25%, which remains 93.32% of its initial efficiency after 3000 h without any encapsulation. Furthermore, 3 × 3 cm2 perovskite mini-modules are presented, achieving a champion efficiency of 18.10%. All these results suggest that the PAPT method is promising for promoting the commercial application of large-area PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiazheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Nianyao Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Siyang Cheng
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, P. R. China
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xuanyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ziling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xuanling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jianfei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, P. R. China
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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7
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Preparation, Characterization of New Antimicrobial Antitumor Hybrid Semi-Organic Single Crystals of Proline Amino Acid Doped by Silver Nanoparticles. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020360. [PMID: 36830897 PMCID: PMC9952970 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline is water soluble amino acid extensively used in drug delivery systems. Compounds of cobalt (Co) transition metal have potent antimicrobial and anticancer activities. However, a drug delivery system combining proline cobalt is not reported yet. For the first time, new hybrid semi-organic single crystals of proline cobalt chloride (PCC) are prepared. The novelty of the article is also that single crystal proline cobalt chloride showed potent antimicrobial and antitumor activity. Doping of PCC by Ag0NPs significantly increased these biological activities. The anisotropic magnetic properties of single crystals can mitigate the cytotoxicity of Ag0NPs on normal cells. Silver nanoparticles (Ag0NPs) improved the crystal habits and physicochemical properties. Ag0NPs showed the best performance, paramagnetic materials n-type semiconductors due to delocalized excess electrons of Ag0NPs incorporated in the crystal lattice interstitially. Crystals have high absorptivity for UV-radiation electromagnetic radiation. Ag0NPs enhanced AC electrical conductivity up to 2.3 × 104 Ω cm-1 due to high electron density. Proline doped crystals are obtained in good purity as triclinic unit cell with having anisotropic magnetism. PCCAg0NPs crystal exhibited: high antimicrobial activities to various bacterial and fungal species, inhibition zone (mm): 21, 25, 24, 26, 30, 28, 12, and 46 for S. aureus, E. faecalis, S. typhi, E. coli, P. aerugino, K. pneumoniae, A. braselienses, and C. albicans, respectively, in comparison to ciprofloxacin antibiotic (23, 0, 26, 26, 25, 0, 0, 0) for the same tested species, respectively; higher cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (IC50 22.1 μM) than the reference drug cisplatin (IC50 11.7 μM); and lower cytotoxicity to normal healthy lung cells MRC-5, (IC50 145.5 μM) than cisplatin (IC50 30.2 μM). Hence, this crystal is a candidate for chemotherapy of breast cancer.
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Lin Z, Xu X, Dong H, Song Q, Duan H, Mu C. Enhancing the Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells by Bidirectional Modification of the Perovskite and Electron Transport Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:1097-1104. [PMID: 36583669 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the numerous defects present on the surface of the SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) and the bottom of the perovskite film limit their power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability. In view of this, a bidirectional modification strategy is designed using formamidine acetate (FAAc) to passivate the defects on the SnO2 ETL surface and bottom of the perovskite simultaneously. FA+ cations act on the harmful hydroxyl groups on the SnO2 ETL surface, whereas Ac- anions act on the iodine vacancy defect at the bottom of the perovskite. Because the interface defect is well passivated by FAAc, the interfacial charge recombination is restrained. This results in a significant increase in the filling factor of the PSC to ∼0.83 and the consequent increase in PCE to 23.05%, which considerably improves the stability. Bidirectional modification technology is an effective strategy for improving the PCE and stability of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Xiangning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Hongye Dong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Qili Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Hairui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Mu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
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Zhu Y, Shu L, Poddar S, Zhang Q, Chen Z, Ding Y, Long Z, Ma S, Ren B, Qiu X, Fan Z. Three-Dimensional Nanopillar Arrays-Based Efficient and Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Stability. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9586-9595. [PMID: 36394382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite nanopillars (PNPs) are propitious candidates for solar irradiation harvesting and are potential alternatives to thin films in flexible photovoltaics. To realize efficient daily energy output, photovoltaics must absorb sunlight over a broad range of incident angles and wavelengths congruent with the solar spectrum. Herein, we report highly periodic three-dimensional (3D) PNP-based flexible photovoltaics possessing a core-shell structure. The vertically aligned PNP arrays demonstrate up to 95.70% and 75.10% absorption at peak and under an incident angle of 60°. The efficient absorption and the orthogonal carrier collection facilitate an external quantum efficiency of 84.0%-89.18% for broadband wavelength. PNPs have been successfully implemented in flexible solar cells. The porous alumina membrane protects PNPs against water and oxygen intrusion and thereby imparts robustness to photovoltaic devices. Meanwhile, the excellent tolerance to mechanical stress/strain enables our unique PNP-based device to provide efficient solar-to-electricity conversion while undergoing mechanical bending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Zhu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Lei Shu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Swapnadeep Poddar
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Qianpeng Zhang
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zhesi Chen
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yucheng Ding
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zhenghao Long
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Suman Ma
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Beitao Ren
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Kuppu SV, Sonaimuthu M, Marimuthu S, Venkatesan S, Murugesan B, Ahmed N, Karuppanan A, Sengodu P, Jeyaraman A, Thambusamy S, Lee YR. NiO@ZnO composite bimetallic nanocrystalline decorated TiO2-CsPbI3 photo-anode surface modifications for perovskite-sensitized solar cell applications. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Kozlov SS, Nikolskaia AB, Alexeeva OV, Kosareva EK, Almjasheva OV, Gusarov VV, Shevaleevskiy OI, Larina LL. Bismuth iron tungstate pyrochlore thin films for photovoltaic applications. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Xu X, Lin Z, Cai Q, Dong H, Wang X, Mu C. Defect management by a cesium fluoride-modified electron transport layer promotes perovskite solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22562-22571. [PMID: 36102344 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03207d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SnO2 is a candidate material for electron transport layers (ETLs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, a large number of defects at the SnO2/perovskite interface lead to notable non-radiative interfacial recombination. Moreover, the energy level arrangement between SnO2/perovskite does not match well. In this study, a SnO2/CsF-SnO2 double-layer ETL was prepared by doping CsF into SnO2, effectively passivating the defects of the SnO2 ETL and SnO2/perovskite interface. The formation of a good energy level arrangement with the perovskite layer reduces the interface non-radiative recombination and improves the performance of the interface charge extraction. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the optimal CsF-modified PSC reached 22.18%, owing to the significant increase in the open-circuit voltage to 1.180 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China.
| | - Zhichao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China.
| | - Qingbin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China.
| | - Hongye Dong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China.
| | - Xinli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng Mu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China.
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13
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Yin Z, Lu B, Chen Y, Guo C. Advances of Commercial and Biological Materials for Electron Transport Layers in Biological Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:900269. [PMID: 35711642 PMCID: PMC9194854 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.900269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron transport layer (ETL), one of the important layers for high-performing perovskite solar cells (PSCs), also has great potential in bioengineering applications. It could be used for biological sensors, biological imaging, and biomedical treatments with high resolution or efficiency. Seldom research focused on the development of biological material for ETL and their application in biological uses. This review will introduce commercial and biological materials used in ETL to help readers understand the working mechanism of ETL. And the ways to prepare ETL at low temperatures will also be introduced to improve the performance of ETL. Then this review summarizes the latest research on material doping, material modification, and bilayer ETL structures to improve the electronic transmission capacity of ETLs. Finally, the application of ETLs in bioengineering will be also shown to demonstrate that ETLs and their used material have a high potential for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Yin
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Lu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Presidents’ Office of China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Caixia Guo,
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14
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A Morphological Study of Solvothermally Grown SnO2 Nanostructures for Application in Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101686. [PMID: 35630907 PMCID: PMC9143344 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Tin(IV) oxide (SnO2) nanostructures, which possess larger surface areas for transporting electron carriers, have been used as an electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the reported power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of this type of PSCs show a large variation. One of the possible reasons for this phenomenon is the low reproducibility of SnO2 nanostructures if they are prepared by different research groups using various growth methods. This work focuses on the morphological study of SnO2 nanostructures grown by a solvothermal method. The growth parameters including growth pressure, substrate orientation, DI water-to-ethanol ratios, types of seed layer, amount of acetic acid, and growth time have been systematically varied. The SnO2 nanomorphology exhibits a different degree of sensitivity and trends towards each growth factor. A surface treatment is also required for solvothermally grown SnO2 nanomaterials for improving photovoltaic performance of PSCs. The obtained results in this work provide the research community with an insight into the general trend of morphological changes in SnO2 nanostructures influenced by different solvothermal growth parameters. This information can guide the researchers to prepare more reproducible solvothermally grown SnO2 nanomaterials for future application in devices.
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15
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Han J, Yan H, Hu C, Song Q, Kang J, Guo Y, Liu Z. Simultaneous Modulation of Interface Reinforcement, Crystallization, Anti-Reflection, and Carrier Transport in Sb Gradient-Doped SnO 2 /Sb 2 S 3 Heterostructure for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Cell. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105026. [PMID: 35142067 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an effective quadruple optimization integrated synergistic strategy is designed to fabricate quality Sb gradient-doped SnO2 /Sb2 S3 heterostructure for an efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell. The experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that i) optical absorption matching is realized by combining the anti-reflection of SnO2 and high light absorption ability of Sb2 S3 in the visible region; ii) interface reinforcement is carried out by coordinating gradient-distributed Sb in SnO2 with S in S-rich precursor of Sb2 S3 for improving the Sb2 S3 crystallization process and matching crystalline lattice of Sb:SnO2 and Sb2 S3 ; iii) ultrahigh electron mobility is achieved by making Sb gradient-doped SnO2 ; iv) carrier separation and transport are accelerated by constructing type-II heterojunction with appropriate energy level alignment and forming a high-speed electron transport channel. All of above-mentioned optimization effects are integrated into a synergistic strategy for constructing the Sb:SnO2 /Sb2 S3 photoanode, achieving a photocurrent density of 2.30 mA cm-2 , hydrogen generation rate of 30.03 µmol cm-2 h-1 , and decent working stability. Notably, this method can also be used in other large-scale fabrication processes, such as drop-casting, spray-coating, blade-coating, printing, slot-die, etc. Moreover, this universal integrated strategy paves an avenue to fabricate efficient photoelectrodes with excellent photoelectrochemical performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Han
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China
| | - Huiyu Yan
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China
| | - Chenxi Hu
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China
| | - Qinggong Song
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China
| | - Jianhai Kang
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China
| | - Yanrui Guo
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Building Green Functional Materials, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China
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16
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Tin Oxide Modified Titanium Dioxide as Electron Transport Layer in Formamidinium-Rich Perovskite Solar Cells. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14237870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The design of electron transport layers (ETLs) with good optoelectronic properties is one of the keys to the improvement of the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Titanium dioxide (TiO2), one of the most widely used ETL in PSCs, is characterized by low electrical conductivity that increases the series resistance of PSCs, thus limiting their PCEs. In this work, we incorporated tin oxide (SnO2) into titanium dioxide (TiO2) and studied the evolution of its microstructural and optoelectronic properties with SnO2 loading. The thin films were then integrated as ETLs in a regular planar Formamidinium (FA)-rich mixed lead halide PSCs so as to assess the overall effect of SnO2 incorporation on their charge transport and Photovoltaic (PV) characteristics. Analysis of the fabricated PSCs devices revealed that the best performing devices; based on the ETL modified with 0.2 proportion of SnO2; had an average PCE of 17.35 ± 1.39%, which was about 7.16% higher than those with pristine TiO2 as ETL. The improvement in the PCE of the PSC devices with 0.2 SnO2 content in the ETL was attributed to the improved electron extraction and transport ability as revealed by the Time Resolved Photoluminescence (TRPL) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) studies.
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17
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Wang S, Sang H, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Yu Y, He R, Chen B, Zhao X, Liu Y. Tailoring the Energy Band Structure and Interfacial Morphology of the ETL via Controllable Nanocluster Size Achieves High-Performance Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:48555-48568. [PMID: 34617725 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Planar-type perovskite solar cells (p-PSCs) based on SnO2 have garnered further attention due to their simple and low-temperature fabrication. Improving the critical properties of the electron transport layer (ETL) is an effective way to enhance the performance of p-PSC devices. Here, a brand-new method is developed to relieve the contact recombination caused by the rough fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) surface and further boosts the electrical concentration of the ETL. A SnO2-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) acylamide compound (SEAC) with hydrogen bond-induced adjustable cluster size is reported for the first time. The rational choice of the SEAC cluster size is the key for obtaining the smooth interfacial morphology of the ETL on the rugged FTO substrate. In addition, the energy band gap decreases with the increasing cluster size, and consequently, results in improved electrical conductivity of the SEAC. The upshifted Fermi energy level leads to higher electron concentration, which is an important physical quantity of the ETL. The PSC devices based on the optimized SEAC achieve an improved power conversion efficiency of 21.29% with negligible J-V hysteresis due to significantly enhanced electron transport and reduced contact charge recombination at the ETL/perovskite interface. In general, this paper comes up with a unique strategy to improve the quality of the SnO2-based ETL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofu Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structures, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIR), Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Hongqian Sang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIR), Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIR), Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structures, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- School of Physics and Technology, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structures, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yanhua Yu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIR), Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Rongxiang He
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIR), Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Bolei Chen
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIR), Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xingzhong Zhao
- School of Physics and Technology, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structures, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yumin Liu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIR), Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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18
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Altinkaya C, Aydin E, Ugur E, Isikgor FH, Subbiah AS, De Bastiani M, Liu J, Babayigit A, Allen TG, Laquai F, Yildiz A, De Wolf S. Tin Oxide Electron-Selective Layers for Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005504. [PMID: 33660306 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a promising photovoltaic (PV) technology, where the evolution of the electron-selective layers (ESLs), an integral part of any PV device, has played a distinctive role to their progress. To date, the mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2 )/compact TiO2 stack has been among the most used ESLs in state-of-the-art PSCs. However, this material requires high-temperature sintering and may induce hysteresis under operational conditions, raising concerns about its use toward commercialization. Recently, tin oxide (SnO2 ) has emerged as an attractive alternative ESL, thanks to its wide bandgap, high optical transmission, high carrier mobility, suitable band alignment with perovskites, and decent chemical stability. Additionally, its low-temperature processability enables compatibility with temperature-sensitive substrates, and thus flexible devices and tandem solar cells. Here, the notable developments of SnO2 as a perovskite-relevant ESL are reviewed with emphasis placed on the various fabrication methods and interfacial passivation routes toward champion solar cells with high stability. Further, a techno-economic analysis of SnO2 materials for large-scale deployment, together with a processing-toxicology assessment, is presented. Finally, a perspective on how SnO2 materials can be instrumental in successful large-scale module and perovskite-based tandem solar cell manufacturing is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesur Altinkaya
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, 06010, Turkey
| | - Erkan Aydin
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma Ugur
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Furkan H Isikgor
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anand S Subbiah
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Michele De Bastiani
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiang Liu
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aslihan Babayigit
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek, Limburg, 3590, Belgium
- IMEC vzw. Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek, Limburg, 3590, Belgium
| | - Thomas G Allen
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Yildiz
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, 06010, Turkey
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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19
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Gao Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Li Z, Xiong Q, Deng L, Zhou Q, Meng L, Du Y, Zuo T, Yu Y, Lan Z, Gao P. Plasmon‐Enhanced Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Beyond 21 %: The Asynchronous Synergistic Effect of Water and Gold Nanorods. Chempluschem 2021; 86:291-297. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Jiaoxia Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 P. R. China
| | - Zicheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 P. R. China
| | - Qiu Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Longhui Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Lingyi Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Yitian Du
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials Ministry of Education Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Tao Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Yaming Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials Ministry of Education Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Zhang Lan
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials Ministry of Education Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
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20
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Wu MC, Lin YT, Chen SH, Jao MH, Chang YH, Lee KM, Lai CS, Chen YF, Su WF. Achieving High-Performance Perovskite Photovoltaic by Morphology Engineering of Low-Temperature Processed Zn-Doped TiO 2 Electron Transport Layer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002201. [PMID: 32954669 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become one of the most promising renewable energy converting devices. However, in order to reach a sufficiently high power conversion efficiency (PCE), the PSCs typically require a high-temperature sintering process to prepare mesostructured TiO2 as an efficient electron transport layer (ETL), which prohibits the PSCs from commercialization in the future. This work investigates a low-temperature synthesis of TiO2 nanocrystals and introduces a two-fluid spray coating process to produce a nanostructured ETL for the following deposition of perovskite layer. The temperature during the whole deposition process can be maintained under 150 °C. Compared to the typical planar TiO2 layer, the perovskite layer fabricated on a nanostructured TiO2 layer shows uniform compactness, preferred orientation, and high crystallinity, leading to reproducible and promising device performance. The detail mechanisms are revealed by the contact angle test, morphology characterization, grazing incident wide angle X-Ray scattering measurement, and space charge limited currents analysis. Finally, optimized device performance can be achieved through adequate Zn doping in the TiO2 layer, demonstrating an average PCE of 19.87% with champion PCE of 21.36%. The efficiency can maintain over 80% of its original value after 3000 h storage in ambient atmosphere. This study suggests a promising approach to offer high-efficiency PSCs using the low-temperature process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chung Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tung Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Huan Jao
- Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Mu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Sung Lai
- Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Fang Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fang Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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21
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Wang H, Li H, Cai W, Zhang P, Cao S, Chen Z, Zang Z. Challenges and strategies relating to device function layers and their integration toward high-performance inorganic perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14369-14404. [PMID: 32617550 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03408h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Parallel to the flourishing of inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the development of inorganic cesium-based metal halide PSCs (CsPbX3) is accelerating, with power conversion efficiency (PCE) values of over 20% being obtained. Although CsPbX3 possesses numerous merits, such as superior thermal stability and great potential for use in tandem solar cells, severe challenges remain, such as its phase instability, trap state density, and absorption range limitations, hindering further performance improvements and commercialization. This review summarizes challenges and strategies relating to each device functional layer and their integration for the purposes of performance improvement and commercialization, utilizing the fundamental configuration of a perovskite photo-absorption layer, electron transport layer (ETL), and hole transport layer (HTL ). In detail, we first analyze comprehensively strategies for designing high-quality CsPbX3 perovskite films, including precursor engineering, element doping, and post-treatment, followed by discussing the precise control of the CsPbX3 film fabrication process. Then, we introduce and analyze the carrier dynamics and interfacial modifications of inorganic ETLs, such as TiO2, SnO2, ZnO, and other typical organic ETLs with p-i-n configuration. The pros and cons of inorganic and organic HTLs are then discussed from the viewpoints of stability and band structure. Subsequently, promising candidates, i.e., HTL-free carbon-electrode-based inorganic CsPbX3 PSCs, that meet the "golden triangle" criteria used by the PSC community are reviewed, followed by discussion of other obstacles, such as hysteresis and large-scale fabrication, that lie on the road toward PSC commercialization. Finally, some perspectives relating to solutions to development bottlenecks are proposed, with the attempt to gain insight into CsPbX3 PSCs and inspire future research prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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22
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Thakur UK, Kumar P, Gusarov S, Kobryn AE, Riddell S, Goswami A, Alam KM, Savela S, Kar P, Thundat T, Meldrum A, Shankar K. Consistently High Voc Values in p-i-n Type Perovskite Solar Cells Using Ni 3+-Doped NiO Nanomesh as the Hole Transporting Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:11467-11478. [PMID: 31904215 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Leading edge p-i-n type halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) severely underperform n-i-p PSCs. p-i-n type PSCs that use PEDOT:PSS hole transport layers (HTLs) struggle to generate open-circuit photovoltage values higher than 1 V. NiO HTLs have shown greater promise in achieving high Voc values albeit inconsistently. In this report, a NiO nanomesh with Ni3+ defect grown by the hydrothermal method was used to obtain PSCs with Voc values that consistently exceeded 1.10 V (champion Voc = 1.14 V). A champion device photoconversion efficiency of 17.75% was observed. Density functional theory modeling was used to understand the interfacial properties of the NiO/perovskite interface. The PCE of PSCs constructed using the Ni3+-doped NiO nanomesh HTL was ∼34% higher than that of conventional compact NiO-based perovskite solar cells. A suite of characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy, time-resolved photoluminescence, steady-state photoluminescence, and Kelvin probe force microscopy provided evidence of better film quality, enhanced charge transfer, and suppressed charge recombination in PSCs based on hydrothermally grown NiO nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujwal K Thakur
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Sergey Gusarov
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Alexander E Kobryn
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Saralyn Riddell
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Ankur Goswami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 11016, India
| | - Kazi M Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Spencer Savela
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Piyush Kar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Thomas Thundat
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, United States
| | - Alkiviathes Meldrum
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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