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Hertle L, Sevim S, Zhu J, Pustovalov V, Veciana A, Llacer-Wintle J, Landers FC, Ye H, Chen XZ, Vogler H, Grossniklaus U, Puigmartí-Luis J, Nelson BJ, Pané S. A Naturally Inspired Extrusion-Based Microfluidic Approach for Manufacturing Tailorable Magnetic Soft Continuum Microrobotic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402309. [PMID: 38780003 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Soft materials play a crucial role in small-scale robotic applications by closely mimicking the complex motion and morphing behavior of organisms. However, conventional fabrication methods face challenges in creating highly integrated small-scale soft devices. In this study, microfluidics is leveraged to precisely control reaction-diffusion (RD) processes to generate multifunctional and compartmentalized calcium-cross-linkable alginate-based microfibers. Under RD conditions, sophisticated alginate-based fibers are produced for magnetic soft continuum robotics applications with customizable features, such as geometry (compact or hollow), degree of cross-linking, and the precise localization of magnetic nanoparticles (inside the core, surrounding the fiber, or on one side). This fine control allows for tuning the stiffness and magnetic responsiveness of the microfibers. Additionally, chemically cleavable regions within the fibers enable disassembly into smaller robotic units or roll-up structures under a rotating magnetic field. These findings demonstrate the versatility of microfluidics in processing highly integrated small-scale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hertle
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Semih Sevim
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Vitaly Pustovalov
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Veciana
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Joaquin Llacer-Wintle
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Fabian C Landers
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Hao Ye
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Xiang-Zhong Chen
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
- Institute of Optoelectronics State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Hannes Vogler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Grossniklaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Josep Puigmartí-Luis
- Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Química Física Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Salvador Pané
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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Cheng K, Wan S, Chen SY, Yang JW, Wang HL, Xu CH, Qiao SH, Yang L. Nuclear matrix protein 22 in bladder cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 560:119718. [PMID: 38718852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is ranked as the ninth most common malignancy worldwide, with approximately 570,000 new cases reported annually and over 200,000 deaths. Cystoscopy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of BC, however, its invasiveness, cost, and discomfort have driven the demand for the development of non-invasive, cost-effective alternatives. Nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) is a promising non-invasive diagnostic tool, having received FDA approval. Traditional methods for detecting NMP22 require a laboratory environment equipped with specialized equipment and trained personnel, thus, the development of NMP22 detection devices holds substantial potential for application. In this review, we evaluate the NMP22 sensors developed over the past decade, including electrochemical, colorimetric, and fluorescence biosensors. These sensors have enhanced detection sensitivity and overcome the limitations of existing diagnostic methods. However, many emerging devices exhibit deficiencies that limit their potential clinical use, therefore, we propose how sensor design can be optimized to enhance the likelihood of clinical translation and discuss the future applications of NMP22 as a legacy biomarker, providing insights for the design of new sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cheng
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urology, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Shun Wan
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urology, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urology, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jian-Wei Yang
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urology, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urology, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Chang-Hong Xu
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urology, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Si-Hang Qiao
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urology, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urology, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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3
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Jin W, Shen S, Xu X, Xie X, Zhou X, Su X, Wu L, Wang S, Zhang L, Chen B, Yang F. All-in-one hydrogel patches with sprayed bFGF-loaded GelMA microspheres for infected wound healing studies. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124205. [PMID: 38734278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The current wound healing process faces numerous challenges such as bacterial infection, inflammation and oxidative stress. However, wound dressings used to promote wound healing, are not well suited to meet the clinical needs. Hyaluronic acid (HA) not only has excellent water absorption and good biocompatibility but facilitates cell function and tissue regeneration. Dopamine, on the other hand, increases the overall viscosity of the hydrogel and possesses antioxidant property. Furthermore, chitosan exhibits outstanding performance in antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is conducive to cell proliferation and migration, vascular regeneration and wound healing. Hence, we designed an all-in-one hydrogel patch containing dopamine and chitosan framed by hyaluronic acid (HDC) with sprayed gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) microspheres loaded with bFGF (HDC-bFGF). The hydrogel patch exhibits excellent adhesive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. In vitro experiments, the HDC-bFGF hydrogel patch not only showed significant inhibitory effect on RAW cell inflammation and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) growth but also effectively scavenged free radicals, in addition to promoting the migration of 3 T3 cells. In the mice acute infected wound model, the HDC-bFGF hydrogel patch adhered to the wound surface greatly accelerated the healing process via its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, bacterial inhibition and pro-vascularization effects. Therefore, the multifunctional HDC-bFGF hydrogel patch holds great promise for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhang Jin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Shuqi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Xiaoniuyue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Department of Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Xueting Xie
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Xingjian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Xiang Su
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Lina Wu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Shunfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Lijiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
| | - Fajing Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
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4
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Ke Q, Yin L, Jayan H, El-Seedi HR, Zou X, Guo Z. Ag-coated tetrapod gold nanostars (Au@AgNSs) for acetamiprid determination in tea using SERS combined with microfluidics. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2721-2731. [PMID: 38629244 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00297k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Acetamiprid is an organic and highly toxic compound. Despite being widely used as a pesticide agent on a large scale, acetamiprid poses numerous health risks to living organisms, particularly humans. Herein, a strategy for the detection of acetamiprid in tea employing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology incorporated with a microfluidic chip was developed. Significantly, a seed-mediated growth approach was utilized to engineer Ag-coated tetrapod gold nanostars (core-shell Au@AgNSs) with four sharp tips. The synthesized Au@AgNSs showed an enhancement factor of 7.2 × 106. Solid works was used to figure out the two-channel microfluidic chip featuring four circular split hybrid structures, and COMSOL (Software for Multiphysics Simulation) was utilized to model the fusion effect between the substrate (Au@AgNSs) and the sample (acetamiprid). For the first time, the core-shell Au@AgNSs and acetamiprid were fused in the microfluidic channel to facilitate the detection of acetamiprid using SERS. The outcomes pointed out that the standard curve correlation coefficient between SERS intensity (876 cm-1) and the concentration of acetamiprid in tea specimens was calculated as 0.991, while the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.048 ng mL-1, which is well below the minimum limit set by the European Union (10 ng mL-1). Thus, the developed technique combining SERS and microfluidics demonstrated high potential for the rapid and efficient detection of acetamiprid in tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ke
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Detection & Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Limei Yin
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Detection & Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Heera Jayan
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Detection & Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Detection & Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhiming Guo
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Detection & Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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5
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Zhu Z, Chen T, Huang F, Wang S, Zhu P, Xu RX, Si T. Free-Boundary Microfluidic Platform for Advanced Materials Manufacturing and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304840. [PMID: 37722080 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics, with its remarkable capacity to manipulate fluids and droplets at the microscale, has emerged as a powerful platform in numerous fields. In contrast to conventional closed microchannel microfluidic systems, free-boundary microfluidic manufacturing (FBMM) processes continuous precursor fluids into jets or droplets in a relatively spacious environment. FBMM is highly regarded for its superior flexibility, stability, economy, usability, and versatility in the manufacturing of advanced materials and architectures. In this review, a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in FBMM is provided, encompassing technical principles, advanced material manufacturing, and their applications. FBMM is categorized based on the foundational mechanisms, primarily comprising hydrodynamics, interface effects, acoustics, and electrohydrodynamic. The processes and mechanisms of fluid manipulation are thoroughly discussed. Additionally, the manufacturing of advanced materials in various dimensions ranging from zero-dimensional to three-dimensional, as well as their diverse applications in material science, biomedical engineering, and engineering are presented. Finally, current progress is summarized and future challenges are prospected. Overall, this review highlights the significant potential of FBMM as a powerful tool for advanced materials manufacturing and its wide-ranging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Tianao Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Fangsheng Huang
- Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Pingan Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ronald X Xu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ting Si
- Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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6
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Shen Y, Gwak H, Han B. Advanced manufacturing of nanoparticle formulations of drugs and biologics using microfluidics. Analyst 2024; 149:614-637. [PMID: 38083968 PMCID: PMC10842755 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01739g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Numerous innovative nanoparticle formulations of drugs and biologics, named nano-formulations, have been developed in the last two decades. However, methods for their scaled-up production are still lagging, as the amount needed for large animal tests and clinical trials is typically orders of magnitude larger. This manufacturing challenge poses a critical barrier to successfully translating various nano-formulations. This review focuses on how microfluidics technology has become a powerful tool to overcome this challenge by synthesizing various nano-formulations with improved particle properties and product purity in large quantities. This microfluidic-based manufacturing is enabled by microfluidic mixing, which is capable of the precise and continuous control of the synthesis of nano-formulations. We further discuss the specific applications of hydrodynamic flow focusing, a staggered herringbone micromixer, a T-junction mixer, a micro-droplet generator, and a glass capillary on various types of nano-formulations of polymeric, lipid, inorganic, and nanocrystals. Various separation and purification microfluidic methods to enhance the product purity are reviewed, including acoustofluidics, hydrodynamics, and dielectrophoresis. We further discuss the challenges of microfluidics being used by broader research and industrial communities. We also provide future outlooks of its enormous potential as a decentralized approach for manufacturing nano-formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Shen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Hogyeong Gwak
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Bumsoo Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Patil PD, Salokhe S, Karvekar A, Suryavanshi P, Phirke AN, Tiwari MS, Nadar SS. Microfluidic based continuous enzyme immobilization: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127358. [PMID: 37827414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional techniques for enzyme immobilization suffer from suboptimal activity recovery due to insufficient enzyme loading and inadequate stability. Furthermore, these techniques are time-consuming and involve multiple steps which limit the applicability of immobilized enzymes. In contrast, the use of microfluidic devices for enzyme immobilization has garnered significant attention due to its ability to precisely control immobilization parameters, resulting in highly active immobilized enzymes. This approach offers several advantages, including reduced time and energy consumption, enhanced mass-heat transfer, and improved control over the mixing process. It maintains the superior structural configuration in immobilized form which ultimately affects the overall efficiency. The present review article comprehensively explains the design, construction, and various methods employed for enzyme immobilization using microfluidic devices. The immobilized enzymes prepared using these techniques demonstrated excellent catalytic activity, remarkable stability, and outstanding recyclability. Moreover, they have found applications in diverse areas such as biosensors, biotransformation, and bioremediation. The review article also discusses potential future developments and foresees significant challenges associated with enzyme immobilization using microfluidics, along with potential remedies. The development of this advanced technology not only paves the way for novel and innovative approaches to enzyme immobilization but also allows for the straightforward scalability of microfluidic-based techniques from an industrial standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin D Patil
- Department of Basic Science & Humanities, SVKM'S NMIMS Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Sakshi Salokhe
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur 416 234, India
| | - Aparna Karvekar
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur 416 234, India
| | - Prabhavati Suryavanshi
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur 416 234, India
| | - Ajay N Phirke
- Department of Basic Science & Humanities, SVKM'S NMIMS Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Manishkumar S Tiwari
- Department of Data Science, SVKM'S NMIMS Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Shamraja S Nadar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
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Cao X, Li Q, Li X, Liu Q, Liu K, Deng T, Weng X, Yu Q, Deng W, Yu J, Wang Q, Xiao G, Xu X. Enhancing Anticancer Efficacy of Formononetin Microspheres via Microfluidic Fabrication. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:241. [PMID: 38017231 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Formononetin is a flavonoid compound with anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its low solubility limits its clinical use. We employed microfluidic technology to prepare formononetin-loaded PLGA-PEGDA microspheres (Degradable polymer PLGA, Crosslinking agent PEGDA), which can encapsulate and release drugs in a controlled manner. We optimized and characterized the microspheres, and evaluated their antitumor effects. The microspheres had uniform size, high drug loading efficiency, high encapsulation efficiency, and stable release for 35 days. They also inhibited the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. The antitumor mechanism involved the induction of reactive oxygen species and modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins. These findings suggested that formononetin-loaded PLGA-PEGDA microspheres, created using microfluidic technology, could be a novel drug delivery system that can overcome the limitations of formononetin and enhance its antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedi Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qintong Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gao Xiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Huang K, Li Q, Xue Y, Wang Q, Chen Z, Gu Z. Application of colloidal photonic crystals in study of organoids. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115075. [PMID: 37625595 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
As alternative disease models, other than 2D cell lines and patient-derived xenografts, organoids have preferable in vivo physiological relevance. However, both endogenous and exogenous limitations impede the development and clinical translation of these organoids. Fortunately, colloidal photonic crystals (PCs), which benefit from favorable biocompatibility, brilliant optical manipulation, and facile chemical decoration, have been applied to the engineering of organoids and have achieved the desirable recapitulation of the ECM niche, well-defined geometrical onsets for initial culture, in situ multiphysiological parameter monitoring, single-cell biomechanical sensing, and high-throughput drug screening with versatile functional readouts. Herein, we review the latest progress in engineering organoids fabricated from colloidal PCs and provide inputs for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yufei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zaozao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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10
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Zhao Q, Du X, Wang M. Electrospinning and Cell Fibers in Biomedical Applications. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300092. [PMID: 37166021 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Human body tissues such as muscle, blood vessels, tendon/ligaments, and nerves have fiber-like fascicle morphologies, where ordered organization of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) within the bundles in specific 3D manners orchestrates cells and ECM to provide tissue functions. Through engineering cell fibers (which are fibers containing living cells) as living building blocks with the help of emerging "bottom-up" biomanufacturing technologies, it is now possible to reconstitute/recreate the fiber-like fascicle morphologies and their spatiotemporally specific cell-cell/cell-ECM interactions in vitro, thereby enabling the modeling, therapy, or repair of these fibrous tissues. In this article, a concise review is provided of the "bottom-up" biomanufacturing technologies and materials usable for fabricating cell fibers, with an emphasis on electrospinning that can effectively and efficiently produce thin cell fibers and with properly designed processes, 3D cell-laden structures that mimic those of native fibrous tissues. The importance and applications of cell fibers as models, therapeutic platforms, or analogs/replacements for tissues for areas such as drug testing, cell therapy, and tissue engineering are highlighted. Challenges, in terms of biomimicry of high-order hierarchical structures and complex dynamic cellular microenvironments of native tissues, as well as opportunities for cell fibers in a myriad of biomedical applications, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuemin Du
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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11
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Wang H, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Yang X, Ning B, Senyushkin P, Bogdanov B, Zmaga G, Xue Y, Chi J, Xie H, Chen S, Wu T, Lian Z, Pan Q, Chen B, Tan Z, Pan X, Su M, Song Y. Molecular Recognition-Modulated Hetero-Assembly of Nanostructures for Visualizable and Portable Detection of Circulating miRNAs. Anal Chem 2023; 95:11769-11776. [PMID: 37489945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular markers, particularly circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutic intervention of cancers. However, existing detection strategies remain intricate, laborious, and far from being developed for point-of-care testing. Here, we report a portable colorimetric sensor that utilizes the hetero-assembly of nanostructures driven by base pairing and recognition for direct detection of miRNAs. Following hybridization, two sizes of nanoparticles modified with single-strand DNA can be robustly assembled into heterostructures with strong optical resonance, exhibiting distinct structure colors. Particularly, the large nanoparticles are first arranged into nanochains to enhance scattering signals of small nanoparticles, which allows for sensitive detection and quantification of miRNAs without the requirement of target extraction, amplification, and fluorescent labels. Furthermore, we demonstrate the high specificity and single-base selectivity of testing different miRNA samples, which shows great potential in the diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of cancers. These heterogeneous assembled nanostructures provide an opportunity to develop simple, fast, and convenient tools for miRNAs detection, which is suitable for many scenarios, especially in low-resource setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yali Sun
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Zeying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bobing Ning
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Pavel Senyushkin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Bogdan Bogdanov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Georgii Zmaga
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Yonggan Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Jimei Chi
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tingqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zewei Lian
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bingda Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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12
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Ran J, Wang X, Liu Y, Yin S, Li S, Zhang L. Microreactor-based micro/nanomaterials: fabrication, advances, and outlook. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023. [PMID: 37139613 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanomaterials are widely used in optoelectronics, environmental materials, bioimaging, agricultural industries, and drug delivery owing to their marvelous features, such as quantum tunneling, size, surface and boundary, and Coulomb blockade effects. Recently, microreactor technology has opened up broad prospects for green and sustainable chemical synthesis as a powerful tool for process intensification and microscale manipulation. This review focuses on recent progress in the microreactor synthesis of micro/nanomaterials. First, the fabrication and design principles of existing microreactors for producing micro/nanomaterials are summarized and classified. Afterwards, typical examples are shown to demonstrate the fabrication of micro/nanomaterials, including metal nanoparticles, inorganic nonmetallic nanoparticles, organic nanoparticles, Janus particles, and MOFs. Finally, the future research prospects and key issues of microreactor-based micro/nanomaterials are discussed. In short, microreactors provide new ideas and methods for the synthesis of micro/nanomaterials, which have huge potential and inestimable possibilities in large-scale production and scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Ran
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuxu Wang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Shaohua Yin
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Shiwei Li
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
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13
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Wang Y, Li J, Sun L, Chen H, Ye F, Zhao Y, Shang L. Liquid Metal Droplets-Based Elastomers from Electric Toothbrush-Inspired Revolving Microfluidics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211731. [PMID: 36881673 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metal (LM)-based elastomers have a demonstrated value in flexible electronics. Attempts in this area include the development of multifunctional LM-based elastomers with controllable morphology, superior mechanical performances, and great stability. Herein, inspired by the working principle of electric toothbrushes, a revolving microfluidic system is presented for the generation of LM droplets and construction of desired elastomers. The system involves revolving modules assembled by a needles array and 3D microfluidic channels. LM droplets can be generated with controllable size in a high-throughput manner due to the revolving motion-derived drag force. It is demonstrated that by employing a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) matrix as the collection phase, the generated LM droplets can act as conductive fillers for the construction of flexible electronics directly. The resultant LM droplets-based elastomers exhibit high mechanical strength, stable electrical performance, as well as superior self-healing property benefiting from the dynamic exchangeable urea bond of the polymer matrix. Notably, due to the flexible programmable feature of the LM droplets embedded within the elastomers, various patterned LM droplets-based elastomers can be easily achieved. These results indicate that the proposed microfluidic LM droplets-based elastomers have a great potential for promoting the development of flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Lingyu Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hanxu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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14
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Wei L, Wang S, Shan M, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang F, Wang L, Mao J. Conductive fibers for biomedical applications. Bioact Mater 2023; 22:343-364. [PMID: 36311045 PMCID: PMC9588989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioelectricity has been stated as a key factor in regulating cell activity and tissue function in electroactive tissues. Thus, various biomedical electronic constructs have been developed to interfere with cell behaviors to promote tissue regeneration, or to interface with cells or tissue/organ surfaces to acquire physiological status via electrical signals. Benefiting from the outstanding advantages of flexibility, structural diversity, customizable mechanical properties, and tunable distribution of conductive components, conductive fibers are able to avoid the damage-inducing mechanical mismatch between the construct and the biological environment, in return to ensure stable functioning of such constructs during physiological deformation. Herein, this review starts by presenting current fabrication technologies of conductive fibers including wet spinning, microfluidic spinning, electrospinning and 3D printing as well as surface modification on fibers and fiber assemblies. To provide an update on the biomedical applications of conductive fibers and fiber assemblies, we further elaborate conductive fibrous constructs utilized in tissue engineering and regeneration, implantable healthcare bioelectronics, and wearable healthcare bioelectronics. To conclude, current challenges and future perspectives of biomedical electronic constructs built by conductive fibers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Mengqi Shan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yimeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yongliang Wang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266071, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jifu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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15
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Tarim EA, Anil Inevi M, Ozkan I, Kecili S, Bilgi E, Baslar MS, Ozcivici E, Oksel Karakus C, Tekin HC. Microfluidic-based technologies for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19: recent advances and future directions. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:10. [PMID: 36913137 PMCID: PMC10009869 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to existing healthcare systems around the world. The urgent need for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 has boomed the demand for new technologies that can improve current healthcare approaches, moving towards more advanced, digitalized, personalized, and patient-oriented systems. Microfluidic-based technologies involve the miniaturization of large-scale devices and laboratory-based procedures, enabling complex chemical and biological operations that are conventionally performed at the macro-scale to be carried out on the microscale or less. The advantages microfluidic systems offer such as rapid, low-cost, accurate, and on-site solutions make these tools extremely useful and effective in the fight against COVID-19. In particular, microfluidic-assisted systems are of great interest in different COVID-19-related domains, varying from direct and indirect detection of COVID-19 infections to drug and vaccine discovery and their targeted delivery. Here, we review recent advances in the use of microfluidic platforms to diagnose, treat or prevent COVID-19. We start by summarizing recent microfluidic-based diagnostic solutions applicable to COVID-19. We then highlight the key roles microfluidics play in developing COVID-19 vaccines and testing how vaccine candidates perform, with a focus on RNA-delivery technologies and nano-carriers. Next, microfluidic-based efforts devoted to assessing the efficacy of potential COVID-19 drugs, either repurposed or new, and their targeted delivery to infected sites are summarized. We conclude by providing future perspectives and research directions that are critical to effectively prevent or respond to future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alperay Tarim
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muge Anil Inevi
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilayda Ozkan
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seren Kecili
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eyup Bilgi
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - M Semih Baslar
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Engin Ozcivici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - H Cumhur Tekin
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey.
- METU MEMS Center, Ankara, Turkey.
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16
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Kuo SH, Peraro A, Lin HP, Chang CH, Li BR. Hand-Powered Point-of-Care: Centrifugal Microfluidic Platform for Urine Routine Examination (μCUREX). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1897-1904. [PMID: 36696912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Urinalysis is one of the simplest and most common medical tests in modern cities. With the assistance of professional technicians and equipment, people in metropolitan areas can effortlessly acquire information about their physiological conditions from traditional clinical laboratories. However, the threshold, including precise benchtop equipment and well-trained personnel, still remains a considerable dilemma for residents in healthcare-poor areas. Hence, it is a crucial and urgent topic to develop a smart and affordable widget to address this challenge. To improve the healthcare rights of residents, we proposed a disposable centrifugal microfluidic urine routine examination platform (named μCUREX) actuated with a modified hand-powered fan. Two parts of urinalysis (sediment test and chemical strip test) were integrated into the μCUREX disc. The influence on sedimentation by variant hand-powered manipulation was simulated using COMSOL. As a result, more than 70% of the sediment can be collected. Moreover, the color change of chemical strip papers (indicators for glucose, pH, protein, and occult blood) was recorded with a 3D-printed studio and analyzed after reaction with chemical-spiked and pH-adjusted artificial and human urine specimens. The whole process can be completed within 10 min, with only 200 μL of urine needed. In conclusion, we successfully constructed an ultra-low-cost point-of-care platform for urinalysis in extremely resource-poor settings. The handy size, high affordability, and user-friendliness of the μCUREX disc provide strong potential and feasibility in solving problems in resource-poor settings. Furthermore, we highly expect the μCUREX platform to improve the level of healthcare in resource-limited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hsuan Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu300, Taiwan
| | - Alberto Peraro
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu300, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Padua, Padova35122, Italy
| | - Hsiu-Pen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu300, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu300, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu300, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu300, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ran Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu300, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu300, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu300, Taiwan
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17
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Yang Y, Zheng W, Tan W, Wu X, Dai Z, Li Z, Yan Z, Ji Y, Wang Y, Su W, Zhong S, Li Y, Sun Y, Li S, Huang W. Injectable MMP1-sensitive microspheres with spatiotemporally controlled exosome release promote neovascularized bone healing. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:321-336. [PMID: 36481504 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exos) can recruit stem cells for bone repair, with neovessels serving as the main migratory channel for stem cells to the injury site. However, existing exosome (Exo) delivery strategies cannot reach the angiogenesis phase following bone injury. To that end, an enzyme-sensitive Exo delivery material that responds to neovessel formation during the angiogenesis phase was designed in the present study to achieve spatiotemporally controlled Exo release. Herein, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) was found to be highly expressed in neovascularized bone; as a result, we proposed an injectable MMP1-sensitive hydrogel microspheres (KGE) made using a microfluidic chip prepared by mixing self-assembling peptide (KLDL-MMP1), GelMA, and BMSC-Exos. The results revealed that KGE microspheres had a uniform diameter of 50-70 µm, ideal for minimally invasive injection and could release exosomes in response to MMP1 expression. In vitro experiments demonstrated that KGE had less cytotoxicity and could promote the migration and osteodifferentiation of BMSCs. Furthermore, in vivo experiments confirmed that KGE could promote bone repair during angiogenesis by recruiting CD90+ stem cells via neovessels. Collectively, our results suggest that injectable enzyme-responsive KGE microspheres could be a promising Exo-secreting material for accelerating neovascularized bone healing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Exosomes can spread through blood vessels and activate stem cells to participate in bone repair, but under normal circumstances, exosomes lacking sustained-release delivery materials cannot be maintained until the angiogenesis phase. In this study, we found that MMP1 was highly expressed in neovascularized bone, then we proposed an MMP1-sensitive injectable microsphere that carries exosomes and responds temporally and spatially to neovascularization, which maximizes the ability of exosomes to recruit stem cells. Different from previous strategies that focus on promoting angiogenesis to accelerate bone healing, this is a brand new delivery strategy that is stimuli-responsive to neovessel formation. In addition, the preparation of self-assembled peptide microspheres by a microfluidic chip is also proposed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weihan Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Urology and Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Zhenning Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Ziyue Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zi Yan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuelun Ji
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weiwei Su
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shu Zhong
- Department of orthopedic, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan 523058, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yongjian Sun
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Shiyu Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Wenhua Huang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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18
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An C, Zhou R, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Liu W, Liu J, Bao B, Sun K, Ren C, Zhang Y, Lin Q, Zhang L, Cheng F, Song J, Zhu L, Wang H. Microfluidic-templated cell-laden microgels fabricated using phototriggered imine-crosslinking as injectable and adaptable granular gels for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:91-107. [PMID: 36427687 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Injectable granular gels consisting of densely packed microgels serving as scaffolding biomaterial have recently shown great potential for applications in tissue regeneration, which allow administration via minimally invasive surgery, on-target cargo delivery, and high efficiency in nutrient/waste exchange. However, limitations such as insufficient mechanical strength, structural integrity, and uncontrollable differentiation of the encapsulated cells in the scaffolds hamper their further applications in the biomedical field. Herein, we developed a new class of granular gels via bottom-up assembly of cell-laden microgels via photo-triggered imine-crosslinking (PIC) chemistry based on the microfluidic technique. The particulate nature of the granular gels rendered them with shear-thinning and self-healing behavior, thereby functioning as an injectable and adaptable cellularized scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. Specifically, single cell-laden, monodisperse microgels composed of methacrylate- and o-nitrobenzene-functionalized hyaluronic acid and gelatin were prepared using a high-throughput microfluidic technique with a production rate up to 3.7 × 108 microgels/hr, wherein the PIC chemistry alleviated the oxygen inhibition on free-radical polymerization and facilitated enhanced fabrication accuracy, accelerated gelation rate, and improved network strength. Further in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the microgels can serve as carriers to support the activity of the encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells; these cell-laden microgels can also be used as cellularized bone fillers to induce the regeneration of bone tissues as evidenced by the in vivo experiment using the rat femoral condyle defect model. In general, these results represent a significant step toward the precise fabrication of engineered tissue mimics with single-cell resolution and high cell-density and can potentially offer a powerful tool for the design and applications of a next generation of tissue engineering strategy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Using microfluidic droplet-based technology, we hereby developed a new class of injectable and moldable granular gels via bottom-up assembly of cell-laden microgels as a versatile platform for tissue regeneration. Phototriggered imine-crosslinking chemistry was introduced for microgel cross-linkage, which allowed for the fabrication of microgels with improved matrix homogeneity, accelerated gelation process, and enhanced mechanical strength. We demonstrated that the microgel building blocks within the granular gels facilitated the proliferation and differentiation of the encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells, which can further serve as a cellularized scaffold for the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng An
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Central Laboratory, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen & The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Renjie Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Weijian Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- Central Laboratory, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen & The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingkun Bao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Changle Ren
- Department of Joint Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116044, PR China; Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen & The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuning Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Eye Hospital, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Jiankang Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Linyong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Huanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China.
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19
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Wang Q, Wang C, Yang X, Wang J, Zhang Z, Shang L. Microfluidic preparation of optical sensors for biomedical applications. SMART MEDICINE 2023; 2:e20220027. [PMID: 39188556 PMCID: PMC11235902 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20220027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Optical biosensors are platforms that translate biological information into detectable optical signals, and have extensive applications in various fields due to their characteristics of high sensitivity, high specificity, dynamic sensing, etc. The development of optical sensing materials is an important part of optical sensors. In this review, we emphasize the role of microfluidic technology in the preparation of optical sensing materials and the application of the derived optical sensors in the biomedical field. We first present some common optical sensing mechanisms and the functional responsive materials involved. Then, we describe the preparation of these sensing materials by microfluidics. Afterward, we enumerate the biomedical applications of these optical materials as biosensors in disease diagnosis, drug evaluation, and organ-on-a-chip. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chong Wang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinyuan Yang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiali Wang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhuohao Zhang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Luoran Shang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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20
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Rojek K, Ćwiklińska M, Kuczak J, Guzowski J. Microfluidic Formulation of Topological Hydrogels for Microtissue Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16839-16909. [PMID: 36108106 PMCID: PMC9706502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has recently emerged as a powerful tool in generation of submillimeter-sized cell aggregates capable of performing tissue-specific functions, so-called microtissues, for applications in drug testing, regenerative medicine, and cell therapies. In this work, we review the most recent advances in the field, with particular focus on the formulation of cell-encapsulating microgels of small "dimensionalities": "0D" (particles), "1D" (fibers), "2D" (sheets), etc., and with nontrivial internal topologies, typically consisting of multiple compartments loaded with different types of cells and/or biopolymers. Such structures, which we refer to as topological hydrogels or topological microgels (examples including core-shell or Janus microbeads and microfibers, hollow or porous microstructures, or granular hydrogels) can be precisely tailored with high reproducibility and throughput by using microfluidics and used to provide controlled "initial conditions" for cell proliferation and maturation into functional tissue-like microstructures. Microfluidic methods of formulation of topological biomaterials have enabled significant progress in engineering of miniature tissues and organs, such as pancreas, liver, muscle, bone, heart, neural tissue, or vasculature, as well as in fabrication of tailored microenvironments for stem-cell expansion and differentiation, or in cancer modeling, including generation of vascularized tumors for personalized drug testing. We review the available microfluidic fabrication methods by exploiting various cross-linking mechanisms and various routes toward compartmentalization and critically discuss the available tissue-specific applications. Finally, we list the remaining challenges such as simplification of the microfluidic workflow for its widespread use in biomedical research, bench-to-bedside transition including production upscaling, further in vivo validation, generation of more precise organ-like models, as well as incorporation of induced pluripotent stem cells as a step toward clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna
O. Rojek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Ćwiklińska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Kuczak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Guzowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Gharib G, Bütün İ, Muganlı Z, Kozalak G, Namlı İ, Sarraf SS, Ahmadi VE, Toyran E, van Wijnen AJ, Koşar A. Biomedical Applications of Microfluidic Devices: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1023. [PMID: 36421141 PMCID: PMC9688231 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Both passive and active microfluidic chips are used in many biomedical and chemical applications to support fluid mixing, particle manipulations, and signal detection. Passive microfluidic devices are geometry-dependent, and their uses are rather limited. Active microfluidic devices include sensors or detectors that transduce chemical, biological, and physical changes into electrical or optical signals. Also, they are transduction devices that detect biological and chemical changes in biomedical applications, and they are highly versatile microfluidic tools for disease diagnosis and organ modeling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the significant advances that have been made in the development of microfluidics devices. We will discuss the function of microfluidic devices as micromixers or as sorters of cells and substances (e.g., microfiltration, flow or displacement, and trapping). Microfluidic devices are fabricated using a range of techniques, including molding, etching, three-dimensional printing, and nanofabrication. Their broad utility lies in the detection of diagnostic biomarkers and organ-on-chip approaches that permit disease modeling in cancer, as well as uses in neurological, cardiovascular, hepatic, and pulmonary diseases. Biosensor applications allow for point-of-care testing, using assays based on enzymes, nanozymes, antibodies, or nucleic acids (DNA or RNA). An anticipated development in the field includes the optimization of techniques for the fabrication of microfluidic devices using biocompatible materials. These developments will increase biomedical versatility, reduce diagnostic costs, and accelerate diagnosis time of microfluidics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Gharib
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - İsmail Bütün
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Zülâl Muganlı
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Gül Kozalak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - İlayda Namlı
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | | | - Erçil Toyran
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Çankaya, Ankara 06700, Turkey
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22
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Saqib M, Tran PA, Ercan B, Erdem EY. Microfluidic Methods in Janus Particle Synthesis. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4355-4366. [PMID: 36160470 PMCID: PMC9507176 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s371579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus particles have been at the center of attention over the years due to their asymmetric nature that makes them superior in many ways to conventional monophase particles. Several techniques have been reported for the synthesis of Janus particles; however, microfluidic-based techniques are by far the most popular due to their versatility, rapid prototyping, low reagent consumption and superior control over reaction conditions. In this review, we will go through microfluidic-based Janus particle synthesis techniques and highlight how recent advances have led to complex functionalities being imparted to the Janus particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Phong A Tran
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Batur Ercan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.,Biomedical Engineering Program, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.,BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - E Yegan Erdem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Ankara, Turkey
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23
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Xie X, Wang Y, Siu SY, Chan CW, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Ge J, Ren K. Microfluidic synthesis as a new route to produce novel functional materials. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:041301. [PMID: 36035887 PMCID: PMC9410731 DOI: 10.1063/5.0100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
By geometrically constraining fluids into the sub-millimeter scale, microfluidics offers a physical environment largely different from the macroscopic world, as a result of the significantly enhanced surface effects. This environment is characterized by laminar flow and inertial particle behavior, short diffusion distance, and largely enhanced heat exchange. The recent two decades have witnessed the rapid advances of microfluidic technologies in various fields such as biotechnology; analytical science; and diagnostics; as well as physical, chemical, and biological research. On the other hand, one additional field is still emerging. With the advances in nanomaterial and soft matter research, there have been some reports of the advantages discovered during attempts to synthesize these materials on microfluidic chips. As the formation of nanomaterials and soft matters is sensitive to the environment where the building blocks are fed, the unique physical environment of microfluidics and the effectiveness in coupling with other force fields open up a lot of possibilities to form new products as compared to conventional bulk synthesis. This Perspective summarizes the recent progress in producing novel functional materials using microfluidics, such as generating particles with narrow and controlled size distribution, structured hybrid materials, and particles with new structures, completing reactions with a quicker rate and new reaction routes and enabling more effective and efficient control on reactions. Finally, the trend of future development in this field is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yisu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Sin-Yung Siu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chiu-Wing Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | | | - Xuming Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | | | - Kangning Ren
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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24
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Filippi M, Buchner T, Yasa O, Weirich S, Katzschmann RK. Microfluidic Tissue Engineering and Bio-Actuation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108427. [PMID: 35194852 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bio-hybrid technologies aim to replicate the unique capabilities of biological systems that could surpass advanced artificial technologies. Soft bio-hybrid robots consist of synthetic and living materials and have the potential to self-assemble, regenerate, work autonomously, and interact safely with other species and the environment. Cells require a sufficient exchange of nutrients and gases, which is guaranteed by convection and diffusive transport through liquid media. The functional development and long-term survival of biological tissues in vitro can be improved by dynamic flow culture, but only microfluidic flow control can develop tissue with fine structuring and regulation at the microscale. Full control of tissue growth at the microscale will eventually lead to functional macroscale constructs, which are needed as the biological component of soft bio-hybrid technologies. This review summarizes recent progress in microfluidic techniques to engineer biological tissues, focusing on the use of muscle cells for robotic bio-actuation. Moreover, the instances in which bio-actuation technologies greatly benefit from fusion with microfluidics are highlighted, which include: the microfabrication of matrices, biomimicry of cell microenvironments, tissue maturation, perfusion, and vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Filippi
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Buchner
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Oncay Yasa
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Weirich
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Robert K Katzschmann
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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25
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Fattahi Z, Hasanzadeh M. Nanotechnology-assisted microfluidic systems platform for chemical and bioanalysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Zhao L, Seshadri S, Liang X, Bailey SJ, Haggmark M, Gordon M, Helgeson ME, Read de Alaniz J, Luzzatto-Fegiz P, Zhu Y. Depinning of Multiphase Fluid Using Light and Photo-Responsive Surfactants. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:235-245. [PMID: 35233455 PMCID: PMC8875439 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of noninvasive and robust strategies for manipulation of droplets and bubbles is crucial in applications such as boiling and condensation, electrocatalysis, and microfluidics. In this work, we realize the swift departure of droplets and bubbles from solid substrates by introducing photoresponsive surfactants and applying asymmetric illumination, thereby inducing a "photo-Marangoni" lift force. Experiments show that a pinned toluene droplet can depart the substrate in only 0.38 s upon illumination, and the volume of an air bubble at departure is reduced by 20%, indicating significantly faster departure. These benefits can be achieved with moderate light intensities and dilute surfactant concentrations, without specially fabricated substrates, which greatly facilitates practical applications. Simulations suggest that the net departure force includes contributions from viscous stresses directly caused by the Marangoni flow, as well as from pressure buildup due to flow stagnation at the contact line. The manipulation scheme proposed here shows potential for applications requiring droplet and bubble removal from working surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California, Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Serena Seshadri
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Xichen Liang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California
at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Sophia J. Bailey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Michael Haggmark
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California
at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Michael Gordon
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California
at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Matthew E. Helgeson
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California
at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Paolo Luzzatto-Fegiz
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California, Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Yangying Zhu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California, Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
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27
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Rojas D, Hernández-Rodríguez JF, Della Pelle F, Escarpa A, Compagnone D. New trends in enzyme-free electrochemical sensing of ROS/RNS. Application to live cell analysis. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:102. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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28
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Zhang S, Feng Z, Hu Y, Zhao D, Guo X, Du F, Wang N, Sun C, Liu C, Liu H. Endowing Polyetheretherketone Implants with Osseointegration Properties: In Situ Construction of Patterned Nanorod Arrays. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105589. [PMID: 34908234 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is widely used in orthopedic and craniomaxillofacial surgeries as it exhibits excellent biocompatibility, mechanical property, and chemical stability. However, its clinical application is limited by the biological inertness of PEEK. Numerous efforts have been made to improve the bioactivity of this polymer over the years. However, modification methods that can not only promote osteogenesis but also maintain excellent properties are still limited. Hence, a facile hot die formation technique is developed for establishing patterned nanorod arrays on the PEEK surface in situ. This method can maintain the excellent properties of PEEK and can be used in implantation as it can facilitate osteogenic activity in the absence of any organic/inorganic differentiation-inducing factors. PEEK with 200-nm patterned nanorod arrays on the surface exhibits excellent osteogenic properties. This result is obtained by assessing the osteogenic differentiation properties of rat adipose-derived stem cells at the gene and protein levels in vitro. In vivo experimental results reveal that the surface-modified cylindrical PEEK 200 implants present with excellent osseointegration properties. Moreover, they can tightly bind with the surrounding bone tissue. A practical method for manufacturing single-component PEEK implants with excellent osseointegration properties is reported, and the materials can be possibly used as orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmin Zhang
- Department of Stomotology, Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou, 061001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhichao Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Dawang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Fengzhi Du
- Department of Stomotology, Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou, 061001, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Stomotology, Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou, 061001, China
| | - Chunhui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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Tang R, Yang L, Shen L, Ma X, Gao Y, Liu Y, Bai Z, Wang X. Controlled Fabrication of Bioactive Microtubes for Screening Anti-Tongue Squamous Cell Migration Drugs. Front Chem 2022; 10:771027. [PMID: 35127636 PMCID: PMC8813861 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.771027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) faces challenges because TSCC has an aggressive biological behavior and manifests usually as widespread metastatic disease. Therefore, it is particularly important to screen out and develop drugs that inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis. Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture has been used as in vitro models to study cellular biological behavior, but growing evidence now shows that the 2D systems can result in cell bioactivities that deviate appreciably the in vivo response. It is urgent to develop a novel 3D cell migration model in vitro to simulate the tumor microenvironment as much as possible and screen out effective anti-migration drugs. Sodium alginate, has a widely used cell encapsulation material, as significant advantages. We have designed a microfluidic device to fabricate a hollow alginate hydrogel microtube model. Based on the difference in liquid flow rate, TSCC cells (Cal27) were able to be evenly distributed in the hollow microtubes, which was confirmed though fluorescence microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Our microfluidic device was cheap, and commercially available and could be assembled in a modular way, which are composed of a coaxial needle, silicone hose, and syringes. It was proved that the cells grow well in artificial microtubes with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by LSCM and flow cytometry. Periodic motility conferred a different motor state to the cells in the microtubes, more closely resembling the environment in vivo. The quantitative analysis of tumor cell migration could be achieved simply by determining the position of the cell in the microtube cross-section. We verified the anti-migration effects of three NSAIDs drugs (aspirin, indomethacin, and nimesulide) with artificial microtubes, obtaining the same results as conventional migration experiments. The results showed that among the three NSAIDs, nimesulide showed great anti-migration potential against TSCC cells. Our method holds great potential for application in the more efficient screening of anti-migration tumor drugs.
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Jiang F, Xiang N. Integrated Microfluidic Handheld Cell Sorter for High-Throughput Label-Free Malignant Tumor Cell Sorting. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1859-1866. [PMID: 35020366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Handheld sample preparation devices are urgently required for point-of-care diagnosis in resource-limited settings. In this paper, we develop a novel handheld sorter with a multifunction integrated microfluidic chip. The integrated microfluidic handheld sorter (μHCS) is composed of three units, including cartridges, shells, and core integrated microchip. The integrated microchip contains two flow regulators for achieving the on-chip regulation of the input flows generated by a low-cost diaphragm pump to the desired flow rates and a spiral inertial microfluidic channel for size-based cell separation. After introducing the conceptual design of our μHCS system, the performances of the separate spiral channel and flow regulator are systematically characterized and optimized, respectively. Finally, the prototype of the μHCS is successfully assembled to separate the malignant tumor cells from the clinical pleural effusions. Our μHCS is simple to use, inexpensive, portable, and compact and can be used for high-throughput label-free separation of rare cells from large volume samples in resource-limited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengtao Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, New South Wales 2008, Australia
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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31
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Zhao W, Zhang Y, Liu L, Gao Y, Sun W, Sun Y, Ma Q. Microfluidic-based functional materials: new prospects for wound healing and beyond. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:8357-8374. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01464e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has been applied to fabricate high-performance functional materials contributing to all physiological stages of wound healing. The advances of microfluidic-based functional materials for wound healing have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yage Zhang
- Department of Mechanical, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wentao Sun
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266113, China
| | - Yong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qingming Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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32
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Tanaka K, Takahashi Y, Kuramochi H, Osako M, Tanaka S, Suzuki G. Preparation of Nanoscale Particles of Five Major Polymers as Potential Standards for the Study of Nanoplastics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2105781. [PMID: 34719868 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are likely ubiquitous in the environment, and their potential toxic effects are a concern. However, quantitative information about the distribution of nanoplastics is still lacking, and toxicity tests are limited to a few select polymers because of the lack of appropriate standard materials, which should be nanoscale particles with standardizable morphologies, properties comparable to those of commercial polymers, and no impurities. Here, a precipitation-based method for preparing spherical nanoscale particles without the introduction of impurities is developed. The similarity of the molecular weight distributions, crystallinities, and thermal properties of five major polymers prepared using this method-low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene-to those of commercial polymers indicate their potential for use as standard nanoplastic particles. This study provides a fundamental approach for the synthesis of standard nanoplastic particles that will facilitate quantification of the concentrations of nanoplastics in the environment and tests of their toxicity, which are required to assess the risks associated with exposure to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Tanaka
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kuramochi
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masahiro Osako
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tanaka
- Science and Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Yokohama, 227-8502, Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
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Applications of Microfluidics in Liquid Crystal-Based Biosensors. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11100385. [PMID: 34677341 PMCID: PMC8534167 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) with stimuli-responsive configuration transition and optical anisotropic properties have attracted enormous interest in the development of simple and label-free biosensors. The combination of microfluidics and the LCs offers great advantages over traditional LC-based biosensors including small sample consumption, fast analysis and low cost. Moreover, microfluidic techniques provide a promising tool to fabricate uniform and reproducible LC-based sensing platforms. In this review, we emphasize the recent development of microfluidics in the fabrication and integration of LC-based biosensors, including LC planar sensing platforms and LC droplets. Fabrication and integration of LC-based planar platforms with microfluidics for biosensing applications are first introduced. The generation and entrapment of monodisperse LC droplets with different microfluidic structures, as well as their applications in the detection of chemical and biological species, are then summarized. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of the development of LC-based microfluidic biosensors are proposed. This review will promote the understanding of microfluidic techniques in LC-based biosensors and facilitate the development of LC-based microfluidic biosensing devices with high performance.
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Rong S, Zou L, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Gao H, Guan H, Dong J, Guo Y, Liu F, Li X, Pan H, Chang D. 2D/3D material amplification strategy for disposable label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on rGO-TEPA@Cu-MOFs@SiO2@AgNPs composites for NMP22 detection. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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35
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Galván-Chacón VP, Costa L, Barata D, Habibovic P. Droplet microfluidics as a tool for production of bioactive calcium phosphate microparticles with controllable physicochemical properties. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:486-501. [PMID: 33882356 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Affordable and therapeutically effective biomaterials are required for successful treatment of orthopaedic critical-size bone defects. Calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics are widely used for bone repair and regeneration, however, further optimization of their properties and biological performance is still required. To improve the existing CaP bone graft substitutes, novel synthesis and production approaches are needed that provide a fine control over the chemical and physical properties and versatility in the delivery format. In this study, a microfluidic strategy for production of CaP microparticles with different sizes derived from highly monodisperse droplets is proposed for the controlled synthesis of bioactive CaP ceramics. Microfluidic droplets, that served as microreactors for CaP precipitation, allowed the production of different CaP phases, as well as strontium-substituted CaP. By varying the concentration of the precursor solution, microparticles with different porosity were obtained. The droplet microfluidic system allowed direct visualization and quantification of the reaction kinetics. Upon production and purification of the microparticles, the biocompatibility and bioactivity were tested in vitro using human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). Cell attachment was analysed by imaging of the cytoskeleton and focal adhesions Moreover, cell proliferation, metabolic activity, alkaline phosphatase activity and mRNA expression of a set of osteogenic markers were quantified. We demonstrated that droplet microfluidics is a functional technique for the synthesis of a range of bioactive CaP-based ceramics with controlled properties. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics are widely applied synthetic biomaterials for repair and regeneration of damaged bone; yet, CaP bone graft substitutes require further improvement to fully replace natural bone grafts in challenging clinical situations. To this end, novel synthesis and production approaches are needed that provide a fine control over the chemical and physical properties. Here, we developed a microfluidic platform for production of CaP microparticles with different size, composition and porosity, derived from monodisperse droplets. We demonstrated that CaP microparticles produced using this platform supported growth and differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells. This platform is a useful tool for developing a variety of CaPs in a controlled manner to study their physicochemical properties in relation to their bioactivity.
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Coliaie P, Kelkar MS, Langston M, Liu C, Nazemifard N, Patience D, Skliar D, Nere NK, Singh MR. Advanced continuous-flow microfluidic device for parallel screening of crystal polymorphs, morphology, and kinetics at controlled supersaturation. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2333-2342. [PMID: 34096561 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00218j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A flow-controlled microfluidic device for parallel and combinatorial screening of crystalline materials can profoundly impact the discovery and development of active pharmaceutical ingredients and other crystalline materials. While the existing continuous-flow microfluidic devices allow crystals to nucleate under controlled conditions in the channels, their growth consumes solute from the solution leading to variation in the downstream composition. The materials screened under such varying conditions are less reproducible in large-scale synthesis. There exists no continuous-flow microfluidic device that traps and grows crystals under controlled conditions for parallel screening. Here we show a blueprint of such a microfluidic device that has parallel-connected micromixers to trap and grow crystals under multiple conditions simultaneously. The efficacy of a multi-well microfluidic device is demonstrated to screen polymorphs, morphology, and growth rates of l-histidine via antisolvent crystallization at eight different solution conditions, including variation in molar concentration, vol% of ethanol, and supersaturation. The overall screening time for l-histidine using the multi-well microfluidic device is ∼30 min, which is at least eight times shorter than the sequential screening process. The screening results are also compared with the conventional 96-well microtiter device, which significantly overestimates the fraction of stable form as compared to metastable form and shows high uncertainty in measuring growth rates. The multi-well microfluidic device paves the way for next-generation microfluidic devices that are amenable to automation for high-throughput screening of crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Coliaie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Manish S Kelkar
- Center of Excellence for Isolation & Separation Technologies (CoExIST), Process R&D, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Marianne Langston
- Pharmaceutics Research - Analytical Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chengxiang Liu
- Pharmaceutical Development, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Neda Nazemifard
- Chemical Process Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Patience
- Pharmaceutical Development, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dimitri Skliar
- Chemical Process Development, Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Co., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Nandkishor K Nere
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. and Center of Excellence for Isolation & Separation Technologies (CoExIST), Process R&D, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Meenesh R Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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37
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Cell nucleus as endogenous biological micropump. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 182:113166. [PMID: 33774431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Micropumps can generate directional microflows in blood vessels or bio-capillaries for targeted transport of nanoparticles and cells in vivo, which is highly significant for biomedical applications from active drug delivery to precision clinical therapy. Meanwhile, they have been extensively used in the biosensing fields with their unique features of autonomous motion, easy surface functionalization, dynamic capture and effective isolation of analytes in complex biological media. However, synthetic devices for actuating microflows, including pumps and motors, generally exhibit poor or limited biocompatibility with living organisms as a result of the invasive implantation of exogenous materials into blood vessels. Here we demonstrate a method of constructing endogenous micropumps by extracting nuclei from red blood cells, thus making them intrinsically and completely biocompatible. The nuclei are extracted and then driven by a scanning optical tweezing system. By a precise actuation of the microflows, nanoparticles and cells are navigated to target destinations, and the transport velocity and direction is controlled by the multifunctional dynamics of the micropumps. With the targeted transport of functionalized micro/nanoparticles followed by a dynamic mixing in microliter blood samples, the micropumps provide considerable promises to enhance the target binding efficiency and improve the sensitivity and speed of biological assays in vivo. Furthermore, multiplexing by simultaneously driving an array of multiple nuclei is demonstrated, thus confirming that the micropumps could provide a bio-friendly high-throughput in vivo platform for the treatment of blood diseases, microenvironment monitoring, and biomedical analysis.
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38
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Zhang M, Wang S, Zhu Y, Zhu Z, Si T, Xu RX. Programmable dynamic interfacial spinning of bioinspired microfibers with volumetric encoding. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1756-1768. [PMID: 34846505 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00125f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While artificially encoded microfibers inspired by biosynthetic fibrous microstructures are drawing considerable research attention, their practical applications are hindered by multiple limitations. Here, a programmable dynamic interfacial spinning (DIS) process is proposed for producing volume-encoded microfibers with superior encoding capacity and reliability. The produced microfibers comprise a sheath of deformed hydrogel encapsulating sequentially aligned droplets, with their morphologies controllable by adjusting the flow rates of the corresponding fluids and the vibration parameters of the spinning nozzle. In particular, microfibers with volumetric encoding of inner droplet sequence are constructed for information storage and encryption. With appropriate functionalization of volume-encoded microfibers, we have also demonstrated magnetic guidance and selective activation to simulate intravascular drug delivery. Our study implies the potential applications of the volume-encoded microfibers in information communication, drug delivery and biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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Zhang X, Fu Q, Duan H, Song J, Yang H. Janus Nanoparticles: From Fabrication to (Bio)Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6147-6191. [PMID: 33739822 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) refer to the integration of two or more chemically discrepant composites into one structure system. Studies into JNPs have been of significant interest due to their interesting characteristics stemming from their asymmetric structures, which can integrate different functional properties and perform more synergetic functions simultaneously. Herein, we present recent progress of Janus particles, comprehensively detailing fabrication strategies and applications. First, the classification of JNPs is divided into three blocks, consisting of polymeric composites, inorganic composites, and hybrid polymeric/inorganic JNPs composites. Then, the fabrication strategies are alternately summarized, examining self-assembly strategy, phase separation strategy, seed-mediated polymerization, microfluidic preparation strategy, nucleation growth methods, and masking methods. Finally, various intriguing applications of JNPs are presented, including solid surfactants agents, micro/nanomotors, and biomedical applications such as biosensing, controlled drug delivery, bioimaging, cancer therapy, and combined theranostics. Furthermore, challenges and future works in this field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Qinrui Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Duan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
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40
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Ferrari N, Maestri CA, Bettotti P, Grassi M, Abrami M, Scarpa M. Effect of Process Conditions and Colloidal Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Suspensions on the Production of Hydrogel Beads. Molecules 2021; 26:2552. [PMID: 33925716 PMCID: PMC8125024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of the physical, rheological, and process parameters on the cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) drops before and after external gelation in a CaCl2 solution was investigated. The dominant role of the CNC's colloidal suspension properties, such as the viscous force, inertial, and surface tension forces in the fluid dynamics was quantitatively evaluated in the formation of drops and jellified beads. The similarity and difference between the behavior of carbohydrate polymers and rod-like crystallites such as CNC were enlightened. Pump-driven and centrifugally-driven external gelation approaches were followed to obtain CNC hydrogel beads with tunable size and regular shape. A superior morphological control-that is, a more regular shape and smaller dimension of the beads-were obtained by centrifugal force-driven gelation. These results suggest that even by using a simple set-up and a low-speed centrifuge device, the extrusion of a colloidal solution through a small nozzle under a centrifugal field is an efficient approach for the production of CNC hydrogel beads with good reproducibility, control over the bead morphology and size monodispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ferrari
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (N.F.); (C.A.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Cecilia Ada Maestri
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (N.F.); (C.A.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Paolo Bettotti
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (N.F.); (C.A.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (M.A.)
| | - Michela Abrami
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (M.A.)
| | - Marina Scarpa
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (N.F.); (C.A.M.); (P.B.)
- Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare (INFN), 38123 Trento, Italy
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Wu R, Kim T. Review of microfluidic approaches for fabricating intelligent fiber devices: importance of shape characteristics. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1217-1240. [PMID: 33710187 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01208d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Shape characteristics, which include the physical dimensions (scale), apparent morphology, surface features, and structure, are essential factors of fibrous materials and determine many of their properties. Microfluidic technologies have recently been proposed as an approach for producing one-dimensional (1D) fibers with controllable shape characteristics and particle alignment, which impart specific functionality to the fiber. Moreover, superfine 1D fibers with a high surface area and ordered structure have many potential applications as they can be directly braided or woven into textiles, clothes, and tissues with two- or three-dimensional (2D or 3D) structures. Previous reviews of microfluidic spinning have not focus on the importance of the shape characteristic on fiber performance and their use in intelligent fiber design. Here, the latest achievements in microfluidic approaches for fiber-device fabrication are reviewed considering the underlying preparation principles, shape characteristics, and functionalization of the fibers. Additionally, intelligent fiber devices with shapes tailored by microfluidic approaches are discussed, including 1D sensors and actuators, luminous fibers, and devices for encoding, energy harvesting, water collection, and tissue engineering applications. Finally, recent progress, challenges, and future perspectives of the microfluidic approaches for fiber device fabrication are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Huang Q, He F, Yu J, Zhang J, Du X, Li Q, Wang G, Yu Z, Chen S. Microfluidic spinning-induced heterotypic bead-on-string fibers for dual-cargo release and wound healing. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2727-2735. [PMID: 33683250 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of dual-release pharmaceutical microfibers provides an ideal material for new biomedical applications. We describe a microfluidic spinning method for engineering heterotypic bead-on-string fibers with the ability to carry dual cargos and to deliver on demand. The core of our technology is to combine microfluidic spinning with biomaterial preparation, in which hydrophobic and hydrophilic cargos can be integrated into a bead-on-string microfiber structure. We demonstrate the loading of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the sodium alginate phase and ibuprofen in the polylactic acid (PLA) phase, respectively. The heterotypic bead-on-string fibers are biocompatible and show hemostatic ability in vivo. These heterotypic bead-on-string fibers are then woven as a skin scaffold and shown to promote wound healing by loading antibacterial and anti-inflammatory cargos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
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43
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Zhu S, Tang Y, Lin C, Liu XY, Lin Y. Recent Advances in Patterning Natural Polymers: From Nanofabrication Techniques to Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001060. [PMID: 34927826 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of a flexible and efficient strategy to precisely fabricate polymer patterns is increasingly significant for many research areas, especially for cell biology, pharmaceutical science, tissue engineering, soft photonics, and bioelectronics. Recent advances of patterning natural polymers using various nanofabrication techniques, including photolithography, electron-beam lithography, dip-pen nanolithography, inkjet printing, soft lithography, and nanoimprint lithography are discussed here. Integrating nanofabrication techniques with naturally derived macromolecules provides a feasible route for transforming these polymer materials into versatile and sophisticated devices while maintaining their intrinsic and excellent properties. Furthermore, the corresponding applications of these natural polymer patterns generated by the above techniques are elaborated. In the end, a summary of this promising research field is offered and an outlook for the future is given. It is expected that advances in precise spatial patterns of natural polymers would provide new avenues for various applications, such as tissue engineering, flexible electronics, biomedical diagnosis, and soft photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuihong Zhu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yonghua Tang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Changxu Lin
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiang Yang Liu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Youhui Lin
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Zhou W, Zhang Y, Meng S, Xing C, Ma M, Liu Z, Yang C, Kong T. Micro-/Nano-Structures on Biodegradable Magnesium@PLGA and Their Cytotoxicity, Photothermal, and Anti-Tumor Effects. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2000920. [PMID: 34927892 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202000920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The size and structural control of particulate carriers for imaging agents and therapeutics are constant themes in designing smart delivery systems. This is motivated by the causal relationship between geometric parameters and functionalities of delivery vehicles. Here, both in vitro and in vivo, the controlling factors for cytotoxicity, photothermal, and anti-tumor effects of biodegradable magnesium@poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid (Mg@PLGA) particulate carriers with different sizes and shell thicknesses are investigated. Mg@PLGA microspheres fabricated by microfluidic emulsification are shown to have higher Mg encapsulation efficiency, 87%, than nanospheres by ultrasonic homogenization, 50%. The photothermal and anti-tumor effects of Mg@PLGA spheres are found to be dictated by their Mg content, irrelevant to size and structural features, as demonstrated in both in vitro cell assays and in vivo mice models. These results also provide important implications for designing and fabricating stimuli-responsive drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Yinling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Si Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Chenyang Xing
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Mingze Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Chengbin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
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Yang C, Yang C, Yarden Y, To KKW, Fu L. The prospects of tumor chemosensitivity testing at the single-cell level. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 54:100741. [PMID: 33387814 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumor chemosensitivity testing plays a pivotal role in the optimal selection of chemotherapeutic regimens for cancer patients in a personalized manner. High-throughput drug screening approaches have been developed but they failed to take into account intratumor heterogeneity and therefore only provided limited predictive power of therapeutic response to individual cancer patients. Single cancer cell drug sensitivity testing (SCC-DST) has been recently developed to evaluate the variable sensitivity of single cells to different anti-tumor drugs. In this review, we discuss how SCC-DST overcomes the obstacles of traditional drug screening methodologies. We outline critical procedures of SCC-DST responsible for single-cell generation and sorting, cell-drug encapsulation on a microfluidic chip and detection of cell-drug interactions. In SCC-DST, droplet-based microfluidics is emerging as an important platform that integrated various assays and analyses for drug susceptibility tests for individual patients. With the advancement of technology, both fluorescence imaging and label-free analysis have been used for detecting single cell-drug interactions. We also discuss the feasibility of integrating SCC-DST with single-cell RNA sequencing to unravel the mechanisms leading to drug resistance, and utilizing artificial intelligence to facilitate the analysis of various omics data in the evaluation of drug susceptibility. SCC-DST is setting the stage for better drug selection for individual cancer patients in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Caibo Yang
- Guangzhou Handy Biotechnology CO., LTD, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Guangzhou Handy Biotechnology CO., LTD, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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46
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Yang Y, Ma T, Li S, Zhang Q, Huang J, Liu Y, Zhuang J, Li Y, Du X, Niu L, Xiao Y, Wang C, Cai F, Zheng H. Self-Navigated 3D Acoustic Tweezers in Complex Media Based on Time Reversal. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2021; 2021:9781394. [PMID: 33623923 PMCID: PMC7877394 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9781394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers have great application prospects because they allow noncontact and noninvasive manipulation of microparticles in a wide range of media. However, the nontransparency and heterogeneity of media in practical applications complicate particle trapping and manipulation. In this study, we designed a 1.04 MHz 256-element 2D matrix array for 3D acoustic tweezers to guide and monitor the entire process using real-time 3D ultrasonic images, thereby enabling acoustic manipulation in nontransparent media. Furthermore, we successfully performed dynamic 3D manipulations on multiple microparticles using multifoci and vortex traps. We achieved 3D particle manipulation in heterogeneous media (through resin baffle and ex vivo macaque and human skulls) by introducing a method based on the time reversal principle to correct the phase and amplitude distortions of the acoustic waves. Our results suggest cutting-edge applications of acoustic tweezers such as acoustical drug delivery, controlled micromachine transfer, and precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Qi Zhang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiqing Huang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianwei Zhuang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yongchuan Li
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuemin Du
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Congzhi Wang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feiyan Cai
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Hu H, Huang C, Galluzzi M, Ye Q, Xiao R, Yu X, Du X. Editing the Shape Morphing of Monocomponent Natural Polysaccharide Hydrogel Films. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2021; 2021:9786128. [PMID: 34195615 PMCID: PMC8214511 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9786128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Shape-morphing hydrogels can be widely used to develop artificial muscles, reconfigurable biodevices, and soft robotics. However, conventional approaches for developing shape-morphing hydrogels highly rely on composite materials or complex manufacturing techniques, which limit their practical applications. Herein, we develop an unprecedented strategy to edit the shape morphing of monocomponent natural polysaccharide hydrogel films via integrating gradient cross-linking density and geometry effect. Owing to the synergistic effect, the shape morphing of chitosan (CS) hydrogel films with gradient cross-linking density can be facilely edited by changing their geometries (length-to-width ratios or thicknesses). Therefore, helix, short-side rolling, and long-side rolling can be easily customized. Furthermore, various complex artificial 3D deformations such as artificial claw, horn, and flower can also be obtained by combining various flat CS hydrogel films with different geometries into one system, which can further demonstrate various shape transformations as triggered by pH. This work offers a simple strategy to construct a monocomponent hydrogel with geometry-directing programmable deformations, which provides universal insights into the design of shape-morphing polymers and will promote their applications in biodevices and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518035, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Massimiliano Galluzzi
- Institute of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Qiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic System, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Institute of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Xuemin Du
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518035, China
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Yazdian Kashani S, Afzalian A, Shirinichi F, Keshavarz Moraveji M. Microfluidics for core-shell drug carrier particles - a review. RSC Adv 2020; 11:229-249. [PMID: 35423057 PMCID: PMC8691093 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08607j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Core-shell drug-carrier particles are known for their unique features. Due to the combination of superior properties not exhibited by the individual components, core-shell particles have gained a lot of interest. The structures could integrate core and shell characteristics and properties. These particles were designed for controlled drug release in the desired location. Therefore, the side effects would be minimized. So, these particles' advantages have led to the introduction of new methods and ideas for their fabrication. In the past few years, the generation of drug carrier core-shell particles in microfluidic chips has attracted much attention. This method makes it possible to produce particles at nanometer and micrometer levels of the same shape and size; it usually costs less than other methods. The other advantages of using microfluidic techniques compared to conventional bulk methods are integration capability, reproducibility, and higher efficiency. These advantages have created a positive outlook on this approach. This review gives an overview of the various fluidic concepts that are used to generate microparticles or nanoparticles. Also, an overview of traditional and more recent microfluidic devices and their design and structure for the generation of core-shell particles is given. The unique benefits of the microfluidic technique for core-shell drug carrier particle generation are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Yazdian Kashani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) 1591634311 Tehran Iran +98 21 64543182
| | - Amir Afzalian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) 1591634311 Tehran Iran +98 21 64543182
| | - Farbod Shirinichi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) 1591634311 Tehran Iran +98 21 64543182
| | - Mostafa Keshavarz Moraveji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) 1591634311 Tehran Iran +98 21 64543182
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49
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Zhao Q, Li C, Shum HC, Du X. Shape-adaptable biodevices for wearable and implantable applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4321-4341. [PMID: 33232418 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00569j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging wearable and implantable biodevices have been significantly revolutionizing the diagnosis and treatment of disease. However, the geometrical mismatch between tissues and biodevices remains a great challenge for achieving optimal performances and functionalities for biodevices. Shape-adaptable biodevices enabling active compliance with human body tissues offer promising opportunities for addressing the challenge through programming their geometries on demand. This article reviews the design principles and control strategies for shape-adaptable biodevices with programmable shapes and actively compliant capabilities, which have offered innovative diagnostic/therapeutic tools and facilitated a variety of wearable and implantable applications. The state-of-the-art progress in applications of shape-adaptable biodevices in the fields of smart textiles, wound care, healthcare monitoring, drug and cell delivery, tissue repair and regeneration, nerve stimulation and recording, and biopsy and surgery, is highlighted. Despite the remarkable advances already made, shape-adaptable biodevices still confront many challenges on the road toward the clinic, such as enhanced intelligence for actively sensing and operating in response to physiological environments. Next-generation paradigms will shed light on future directions for extending the breadth and performance of shape-adaptable biodevices for wearable and implantable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518035 China.
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50
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Abstract
Silk fibroin produced from silkworms has been intensively utilized as a scaffold material for a variety of biotechnological applications owing to its remarkable mechanical strength, extensibility, biocompatibility, and ease of biofunctionalization. In this research, we engineered silk as a novel trap platform capable of capturing microorganisms. Specifically, we first fabricated the silk material into a silk sponge by lyophilization, yielding a 3D scaffold with porous microstructures. The sponge stability in water was significantly improved by ethanol treatment with elevated β-sheet content and crystallinity of silk. Next, we biofunctionalized the silk sponge with a poly-specific microbial targeting molecule, ApoH (apolipoprotein H), to enable a novel silk-based microbial trap. The recombinant ApoH engineered with an additional penta-tyrosine was assembled onto the silk sponge through the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) mediated dityrosine cross-linking. Last, the ApoH-decorated silk sponge was demonstrated to be functional in capturing our model microorganism targets, E. coli and norovirus-like particles. We envision that this biofabricated silk platform, capable of trapping a variety of microbial entities, could serve as a versatile scaffold for rapid isolation and enrichment of microbial samples toward future diagnostics and therapeutics. This strategy, in turn, can expedite advancing future biodevices with functionality and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ru Wu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jheng-Liang Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Chen Wu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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