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Ledwith R, Stobernack T, Bergert A, Bahl A, Pink M, Haase A, Dumit VI. Towards characterization of cell culture conditions for reliable proteomic analysis: in vitro studies on A549, differentiated THP-1, and NR8383 cell lines. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:4021-4031. [PMID: 39264451 PMCID: PMC11496344 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03858-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Proteomic investigations result in high dimensional datasets, but integration or comparison of different studies is hampered by high variances due to different experimental setups. In addition, cell culture conditions can have a huge impact on the outcome. This study systematically investigates the impact of experimental parameters on the proteomic profiles of commonly used cell lines-A549, differentiated THP-1 macrophage-like cells, and NR8383-for toxicity studies. The work focuses on analyzing the influence at the proteome level of cell culture setup involving different vessels, cell passage numbers, and post-differentiation harvesting time, aiming to improve the reliability of proteomic analyses for hazard assessment. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomics was utilized for accurate protein quantification by means of a label-free approach. Our results showed that significant proteome variations occur when cells are cultivated under different setups. Further analysis of these variations revealed their association to specific cellular pathways related to protein misfolding, oxidative stress, and proteasome activity. Conversely, the influence of cell passage numbers on the proteome is minor, suggesting a reliable range for conducting reproducible biological replicates. Notable, substantial proteome alterations occur over-time post-differentiation of dTHP-1 cells, particularly impacting pathways crucial for macrophage function. This finding is key for the interpretation of experimental results. These results highlight the need for standardized culture conditions in proteomic-based evaluations of treatment effects to ensure reliable results, a prerequisite for achieving regulatory acceptance of proteomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Ledwith
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Stobernack
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Bergert
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Aileen Bahl
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Pink
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Haase
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verónica I Dumit
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Zanoni I, Marassi V, Zattoni A, Roda B, Casolari S, Ortelli S, Blosi M, Costa AL. A multi-technique analytical approach to support (eco)toxicological investigation of zinc oxide nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1735:465331. [PMID: 39241403 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of toxicity of nanoparticles and their behavior in biological environments is crucial for designing materials with reduced side effects and improved performance. Among the factors influencing nanoparticle behavior in biological environments, the release and bioavailability of potentially toxic metal ions can alter equilibria and cause adverse effects. In this study, we applied two on-line Field-Flow Fractionation (FFF) strategies and compared the results with off-line benchmarking centrifugal ultrafiltration to assess a key descriptor, namely the solubility of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. We found that, at the highest nanoparticle concentrations, the nanoparticle-ion ratio quickly reaches equilibrium, and the stability is not significantly affected by the separation technique. However, at lower concentrations, dynamic, non-equilibrium behavior occurs, and the results depend on the method used to separate the solid from the ionic fraction, where FFF yielded a more representative dissolution pattern. To support the (eco)toxicological profiling of the investigated nanoparticles, we generated experimental data on colloidal stability over typical (eco)toxicological assay durations. The Zeta Potential vs pH curves revealed two distinct scenarios typical of surfaces that have undergone significant modification, most likely due to pH-dependent dissolution and re-precipitation of surface groups. Finally, to enhance hazard assessment screening, we investigated ion-dependent toxicity and the effects of exposure to fresh water. Using an in vitro human skin model, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of fresh and aged ZnO nanoparticles (exposed for 72 h in M7), revealing time-dependent, dose-dependent, and nanoparticle-dependent cytotoxicity, with lower toxicity observed in the case of aged samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Zanoni
- CNR-ISSMC- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (ISSMC), Via Granarolo 64, I-48018, Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sonia Casolari
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Ortelli
- CNR-ISSMC- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (ISSMC), Via Granarolo 64, I-48018, Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Magda Blosi
- CNR-ISSMC- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (ISSMC), Via Granarolo 64, I-48018, Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Anna Luisa Costa
- CNR-ISSMC- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (ISSMC), Via Granarolo 64, I-48018, Faenza, RA, Italy.
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3
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Wu J, Gupta G, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Nowack B, Wick P. Bridging the gap: Innovative human-based in vitro approaches for nanomaterials hazard assessment and their role in safe and sustainable by design, risk assessment, and life cycle assessment. NANOIMPACT 2024; 36:100533. [PMID: 39454678 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2024.100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
The application of nanomaterials in industry and consumer products is growing exponentially, which has pressed the development and use of predictive human in vitro models in pre-clinical analysis to closely extrapolate potential toxic effects in vivo. The conventional cytotoxicity investigation of nanomaterials using cell lines from cancer origin and culturing them two-dimensionally in a monolayer without mimicking the proper pathophysiological microenvironment may affect a precise prediction of in vitro effects at in vivo level. In recent years, complex in vitro models (also belonging to the new approach methodologies, NAMs) have been established in unicellular to multicellular cultures either by using cell lines, primary cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and reconstituted into relevant biological dimensions mimicking in vivo conditions. These advanced in vitro models retain physiologically reliant exposure scenarios particularly appropriate for oral, dermal, respiratory, and intravenous administration of nanomaterials, which have the potential to improve the in vivo predictability and lead to reliable outcomes. In this perspective, we discuss recent developments and breakthroughs in using advanced human in vitro models for hazard assessment of nanomaterials. We identified fit-for-purpose requirements and remaining challenges for the successful implementation of in vitro data into nanomaterials Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD), Risk Assessment (RA), and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). By addressing the gap between in vitro data generation and the utility of in vitro data for nanomaterial safety assessments, a prerequisite for SSbD approaches, we outlined potential key areas for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimeng Wu
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Govind Gupta
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Nowack
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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4
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Alcolea-Rodriguez V, Portela R, Calvino-Casilda V, Bañares MA. In chemico methodology for engineered nanomaterial categorization according to number, nature and oxidative potential of reactive surface sites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2024; 11:3744-3760. [PMID: 39280766 PMCID: PMC11392058 DOI: 10.1039/d3en00810j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Methanol probe chemisorption quantifies the number of reactive sites at the surface of engineered nanomaterials, enabling normalization per reactive site in reactivity and toxicity tests, rather than per mass or physical surface area. Subsequent temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR) of chemisorbed methanol identifies the reactive nature of surface sites (acidic, basic, redox or combination thereof) and their reactivity. Complementary to the methanol assay, a dithiothreitol (DTT) probe oxidation reaction is used to evaluate the oxidation capacity. These acellular approaches to quantify the number, nature, and reactivity of surface sites constitute a new approach methodology (NAM) for site-specific classification of nanomaterials. As a proof of concept, CuO, CeO2, ZnO, Fe3O4, CuFe2O4, Co3O4 and two TiO2 nanomaterials were probed. A harmonized reactive descriptor for ENMs was obtained: the DTT oxidation rate per reactive surface site, or oxidative turnover frequency (OxTOF). CuO and CuFe2O4 ENMs exhibit the largest reactive site surface density and possess the highest oxidizing ability in the series, as estimated by the DTT probe reaction, followed by CeO2 NM-211 and then titania nanomaterials (DT-51 and NM-101) and Fe3O4. DTT depletion for ZnO NM-110 was associated with dissolved zinc ions rather than the ZnO particles; however, the basic characteristics of the ZnO NM-110 particles were evidenced by methanol TPSR. These acellular assays allow ranking the eight nanomaterials into three categories with statistically different oxidative potentials: CuO, CuFe2O4 and Co3O4 are the most reactive; ceria exhibits a moderate reactivity; and iron oxide and the titanias possess a low oxidative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Alcolea-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, ICP-CSIC Marie Curie 2 28049-Madrid Spain
| | - R Portela
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, ICP-CSIC Marie Curie 2 28049-Madrid Spain
| | - V Calvino-Casilda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica, Control, Telemática y Química Aplicada a la Ingeniería, E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales, UNED Juan del Rosal 12 28040-Madrid Spain
| | - M A Bañares
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, ICP-CSIC Marie Curie 2 28049-Madrid Spain
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5
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Hristozov D, Badetti E, Bigini P, Brunelli A, Dekkers S, Diomede L, Doak SH, Fransman W, Gajewicz-Skretna A, Giubilato E, Gómez-Cuadrado L, Grafström R, Gutleb AC, Halappanavar S, Hischier R, Hunt N, Katsumiti A, Kermanizadeh A, Marcomini A, Moschini E, Oomen A, Pizzol L, Rumbo C, Schmid O, Shandilya N, Stone V, Stoycheva S, Stoeger T, Merino BS, Tran L, Tsiliki G, Vogel UB, Wohlleben W, Zabeo A. Next Generation Risk Assessment approaches for advanced nanomaterials: Current status and future perspectives. NANOIMPACT 2024; 35:100523. [PMID: 39059749 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2024.100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This manuscript discusses the challenges of applying New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for safe by design and regulatory risk assessment of advanced nanomaterials (AdNMs). The authors propose a framework for Next Generation Risk Assessment of AdNMs involving NAMs that is aligned to the conventional risk assessment paradigm. This framework is exposure-driven, endpoint-specific, makes best use of pre-existing information, and can be implemented in tiers of increasing specificity and complexity of the adopted NAMs. The tiered structure of the approach, which effectively combines the use of existing data with targeted testing will allow safety to be assessed cost-effectively and as far as possible with even more limited use of vertebrates. The regulatory readiness of state-of-the-art emerging NAMs is assessed in terms of Transparency, Reliability, Accessibility, Applicability, Relevance and Completeness, and their appropriateness for AdNMs is discussed in relation to each step of the risk assessment paradigm along with providing perspectives for future developments in the respective scientific and regulatory areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danail Hristozov
- East European Research and Innovation Enterprise (EMERGE), Otets Paisiy Str. 46, 1303 Sofa, Bulgaria.
| | - Elena Badetti
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Paolo Bigini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Brunelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Susan Dekkers
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Wouter Fransman
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Gajewicz-Skretna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Elisa Giubilato
- GreenDecision Srl, Cannaregio 5904, 30121 Venezia, VE, Italy
| | - Laura Gómez-Cuadrado
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain
| | - Roland Grafström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Luxemburg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Building, Banting Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Roland Hischier
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Neil Hunt
- Yordas Group, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Katsumiti
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Zamudio, Spain
| | - Ali Kermanizadeh
- University of Derby, College of Science and Engineering, Kedleston Road, Derby DE22 1GB, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Elisa Moschini
- Luxemburg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg; Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences (EPS), Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering (IB3), David Brewster Building, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Agnes Oomen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Pizzol
- GreenDecision Srl, Cannaregio 5904, 30121 Venezia, VE, Italy
| | - Carlos Rumbo
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Neeraj Shandilya
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vicki Stone
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences (EPS), Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering (IB3), David Brewster Building, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Stella Stoycheva
- Yordas Group, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Lang Tran
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia Tsiliki
- Purposeful IKE, Tritis Septembriou 144, Athens 11251, Greece
| | - Ulla Birgitte Vogel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- BASF SE, RGA/AP - B7, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Alex Zabeo
- GreenDecision Srl, Cannaregio 5904, 30121 Venezia, VE, Italy
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6
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Doak SH, Andreoli C, Burgum MJ, Chaudhry Q, Bleeker EAJ, Bossa C, Domenech J, Drobne D, Fessard V, Jeliazkova N, Longhin E, Rundén-Pran E, Stępnik M, El Yamani N, Catalán J, Dusinska M. Current status and future challenges of genotoxicity OECD Test Guidelines for nanomaterials: a workshop report. Mutagenesis 2023; 38:183-191. [PMID: 37234002 PMCID: PMC10448853 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gead017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotoxicity testing for nanomaterials remains challenging as standard testing approaches require some adaptation, and further development of nano-specific OECD Test Guidelines (TGs) and Guidance Documents (GDs) are needed. However, the field of genotoxicology continues to progress and new approach methodologies (NAMs) are being developed that could provide relevant information on the range of mechanisms of genotoxic action that may be imparted by nanomaterials. There is a recognition of the need for implementation of new and/or adapted OECD TGs, new OECD GDs, and utilization of NAMs within a genotoxicity testing framework for nanomaterials. As such, the requirements to apply new experimental approaches and data for genotoxicity assessment of nanomaterials in a regulatory context is neither clear, nor used in practice. Thus, an international workshop with representatives from regulatory agencies, industry, government, and academic scientists was convened to discuss these issues. The expert discussion highlighted the current deficiencies that exist in standard testing approaches within exposure regimes, insufficient physicochemical characterization, lack of demonstration of cell or tissue uptake and internalization, and limitations in the coverage of genotoxic modes of action. Regarding the latter aspect, a consensus was reached on the importance of using NAMs to support the genotoxicity assessment of nanomaterials. Also highlighted was the need for close engagement between scientists and regulators to (i) provide clarity on the regulatory needs, (ii) improve the acceptance and use of NAM-generated data, and (iii) define how NAMs may be used as part of weight of evidence approaches for use in regulatory risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareen H Doak
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singelton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Andreoli
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael J Burgum
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singelton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Qasim Chaudhry
- University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - Eric A J Bleeker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Bossa
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Josefa Domenech
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Vecan pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Valérie Fessard
- ANSES French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 10b rue Claude Bourgelat, Fougères 35306, France
| | | | - Eleonora Longhin
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, Kjeller 2002, Norway
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, Kjeller 2002, Norway
| | | | - Naouale El Yamani
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, Kjeller 2002, Norway
| | - Julia Catalán
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology, and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Dusinska
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, Kjeller 2002, Norway
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7
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Furxhi I, Bengalli R, Motta G, Mantecca P, Kose O, Carriere M, Haq EU, O’Mahony C, Blosi M, Gardini D, Costa A. Data-Driven Quantitative Intrinsic Hazard Criteria for Nanoproduct Development in a Safe-by-Design Paradigm: A Case Study of Silver Nanoforms. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3948-3962. [PMID: 36938492 PMCID: PMC10012170 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The current European (EU) policies, that is, the Green Deal, envisage safe and sustainable practices for chemicals, which include nanoforms (NFs), at the earliest stages of innovation. A theoretically safe and sustainable by design (SSbD) framework has been established from EU collaborative efforts toward the definition of quantitative criteria in each SSbD dimension, namely, the human and environmental safety dimension and the environmental, social, and economic sustainability dimensions. In this study, we target the safety dimension, and we demonstrate the journey toward quantitative intrinsic hazard criteria derived from findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable data. Data were curated and merged for the development of new approach methodologies, that is, quantitative structure-activity relationship models based on regression and classification machine learning algorithms, with the intent to predict a hazard class. The models utilize system (i.e., hydrodynamic size and polydispersity index) and non-system (i.e., elemental composition and core size)-dependent nanoscale features in combination with biological in vitro attributes and experimental conditions for various silver NFs, functional antimicrobial textiles, and cosmetics applications. In a second step, interpretable rules (criteria) followed by a certainty factor were obtained by exploiting a Bayesian network structure crafted by expert reasoning. The probabilistic model shows a predictive capability of ≈78% (average accuracy across all hazard classes). In this work, we show how we shifted from the conceptualization of the SSbD framework toward the realistic implementation with pragmatic instances. This study reveals (i) quantitative intrinsic hazard criteria to be considered in the safety aspects during synthesis stage, (ii) the challenges within, and (iii) the future directions for the generation and distillation of such criteria that can feed SSbD paradigms. Specifically, the criteria can guide material engineers to synthesize NFs that are inherently safer from alternative nanoformulations, at the earliest stages of innovation, while the models enable a fast and cost-efficient in silico toxicological screening of previously synthesized and hypothetical scenarios of yet-to-be synthesized NFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Furxhi
- Transgero
Ltd, Limerick V42V384, Ireland
- Department
of Accounting and Finance, Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
| | - Rossella Bengalli
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza
della Scienza 1, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Giulia Motta
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza
della Scienza 1, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Paride Mantecca
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza
della Scienza 1, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Ozge Kose
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IRIG, SYMMES, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Marie Carriere
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IRIG, SYMMES, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Ehtsham Ul Haq
- Department
of Physics, and Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Limerick V94TC9PX, Ireland
| | - Charlie O’Mahony
- Department
of Physics, and Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Limerick V94TC9PX, Ireland
| | - Magda Blosi
- Istituto
di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali Ceramici (CNR-ISTEC), Via Granarolo, 64, Faenza 48018, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Davide Gardini
- Istituto
di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali Ceramici (CNR-ISTEC), Via Granarolo, 64, Faenza 48018, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Anna Costa
- Istituto
di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali Ceramici (CNR-ISTEC), Via Granarolo, 64, Faenza 48018, Ravenna, Italy
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8
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McLean P, Mueller W, Gosens I, Cassee FR, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Boyles M, Tran L. Establishing relationships between particle-induced in vitro and in vivo inflammation endpoints to better extrapolate between in vitro markers and in vivo fibrosis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:5. [PMID: 36759844 PMCID: PMC9909881 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxicity assessment for regulatory purposes is starting to move away from traditional in vivo methods and towards new approach methodologies (NAM) such as high-throughput in vitro models and computational tools. For materials with limited hazard information, utilising quantitative Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) in a testing strategy involving NAM can produce information relevant for risk assessment. The aim of this work was to determine the feasibility of linking in vitro endpoints to in vivo events, and moreover to key events associated with the onset of a chosen adverse outcome to aid in the development of NAM testing strategies. To do this, we focussed on the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) relating to the onset of pulmonary fibrosis. RESULTS We extracted in vivo and in vitro dose-response information for particles known to induce this pulmonary fibrosis (crystalline silica, specifically α-quartz). To test the in vivo-in vitro extrapolation (IVIVE) determined for crystalline silica, cerium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-CeO2) were used as a case study allowing us to evaluate our findings with a less studied substance. The IVIVE methodology outlined in this paper is formed of five steps, which can be more generally summarised into two categories (i) aligning the in vivo and in vitro dosimetry, (ii) comparing the dose-response curves and derivation of conversion factors. CONCLUSION Our analysis shows promising results with regards to correlation of in vitro cytokine secretion to in vivo acute pulmonary inflammation assessed by polymorphonuclear leukocyte influx, most notable is the potential of using IL-6 and IL-1β cytokine secretion from simple in vitro submerged models as a screening tool to assess the likelihood of lung inflammation at an early stage in product development, hence allowing a more targeted investigation using either a smaller, more targeted in vivo study or in the future a more complex in vitro protocol. This paper also highlights the strengths and limitations as well as the current difficulties in performing IVIVE assessment and suggestions for overcoming these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly McLean
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK.
| | - William Mueller
- grid.410343.10000 0001 2224 0230Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ilse Gosens
- grid.31147.300000 0001 2208 0118National Institute for Public Health and the Environment – RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Flemming R. Cassee
- grid.31147.300000 0001 2208 0118National Institute for Public Health and the Environment – RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Boyles
- grid.410343.10000 0001 2224 0230Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lang Tran
- grid.410343.10000 0001 2224 0230Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Wang Z, Gao H, Wang Y, Cui M, Peng H, Xiao Y, Jin Y, Yu D, Chen W, Wang Q. Health risk assessment of cadmium exposure by integration of an in silico physiologically based toxicokinetic model and in vitro tests. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130191. [PMID: 36272375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant that can damage multiple organs, including the kidney. To prevent renal effects, international authorities have set health-based guidance values of Cd from epidemiological studies. To explore the health risk of Cd exposure and whether human equivalent doses (HEDs) derived from in vitro tests match the current guidance values, we integrated renal tubular epithelial cell-based assays with a physiologically based toxicokinetic model combined with the Monte Carlo method. For females, the HEDs (μg/kg/week) derived from KE2 (DNA damage), KE3 (cell cycle arrest), and KE4 (apoptosis) were 0.20 (2.5th-97.5th percentiles: 0.09-0.48), 0.52 (0.24-1.26), and 2.73 (1.27-6.57), respectively; for males the respective HEDs were 0.23 (0.10-0.49), 0.60 (0.27-1.30), and 3.11 (1.39-6.78). Among them, HEDKE4 (female) was close to the tolerable weekly intake (2.5 μg/kg/week) set by the European Food Safety Authority. The margin of exposure (MOE) derived from HEDKE4 (female) indicated that risks of renal toxicity for populations living in cadmium-contaminated regions should be of concern. This study provided a new approach methodology (NAM) for environmental chemical risk assessment using in silico and in vitro methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchun Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mengxing Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Honghao Peng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dianke Yu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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10
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Ruijter N, Soeteman-Hernández LG, Carrière M, Boyles M, McLean P, Catalán J, Katsumiti A, Cabellos J, Delpivo C, Sánchez Jiménez A, Candalija A, Rodríguez-Llopis I, Vázquez-Campos S, Cassee FR, Braakhuis H. The State of the Art and Challenges of In Vitro Methods for Human Hazard Assessment of Nanomaterials in the Context of Safe-by-Design. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:472. [PMID: 36770432 PMCID: PMC9920318 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Safe-by-Design (SbD) concept aims to facilitate the development of safer materials/products, safer production, and safer use and end-of-life by performing timely SbD interventions to reduce hazard, exposure, or both. Early hazard screening is a crucial first step in this process. In this review, for the first time, commonly used in vitro assays are evaluated for their suitability for SbD hazard testing of nanomaterials (NMs). The goal of SbD hazard testing is identifying hazard warnings in the early stages of innovation. For this purpose, assays should be simple, cost-effective, predictive, robust, and compatible. For several toxicological endpoints, there are indications that commonly used in vitro assays are able to predict hazard warnings. In addition to the evaluation of assays, this review provides insights into the effects of the choice of cell type, exposure and dispersion protocol, and the (in)accurate determination of dose delivered to cells on predictivity. Furthermore, compatibility of assays with challenging advanced materials and NMs released from nano-enabled products (NEPs) during the lifecycle is assessed, as these aspects are crucial for SbD hazard testing. To conclude, hazard screening of NMs is complex and joint efforts between innovators, scientists, and regulators are needed to further improve SbD hazard testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Ruijter
- National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marie Carrière
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, SyMMES-CIBEST, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Matthew Boyles
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Polly McLean
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Julia Catalán
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Katsumiti
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48170 Zamudio, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Isabel Rodríguez-Llopis
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48170 Zamudio, Spain
| | | | - Flemming R. Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hedwig Braakhuis
- National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Siivola KK, Burgum MJ, Suárez-Merino B, Clift MJD, Doak SH, Catalán J. A systematic quality evaluation and review of nanomaterial genotoxicity studies: a regulatory perspective. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:59. [PMID: 36104711 PMCID: PMC9472411 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of publications in the field of nanogenotoxicology and the amount of genotoxicity data on nanomaterials (NMs) in several databases generated by European Union (EU) funded projects have increased during the last decade. In parallel, large research efforts have contributed to both our understanding of key physico-chemical (PC) parameters regarding NM characterization as well as the limitations of toxicological assays originally designed for soluble chemicals. Hence, it is becoming increasingly clear that not all of these data are reliable or relevant from the regulatory perspective. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the extent of studies on genotoxicity of NMs that can be considered reliable and relevant by current standards and bring focus to what is needed for a study to be useful from the regulatory point of view. Due to the vast number of studies available, we chose to limit our search to two large groups, which have raised substantial interest in recent years: nanofibers (including nanotubes) and metal-containing nanoparticles. Focusing on peer-reviewed publications, we evaluated the completeness of PC characterization of the tested NMs, documentation of the model system, study design, and results according to the quality assessment approach developed in the EU FP-7 GUIDEnano project. Further, building on recently published recommendations for best practices in nanogenotoxicology research, we created a set of criteria that address assay-specific reliability and relevance for risk assessment purposes. Articles were then reviewed, the qualifying publications discussed, and the most common shortcomings in NM genotoxicity studies highlighted. Moreover, several EU projects under the FP7 and H2020 framework set the aim to collectively feed the information they produced into the eNanoMapper database. As a result, and over the years, the eNanoMapper database has been extended with data of various quality depending on the existing knowledge at the time of entry. These activities are highly relevant since negative results are often not published. Here, we have reviewed the NanoInformaTIX instance under the eNanoMapper database, which hosts data from nine EU initiatives. We evaluated the data quality and the feasibility of use of the data from a regulatory perspective for each experimental entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi K. Siivola
- grid.6975.d0000 0004 0410 5926Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael J. Burgum
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800In Vitro Toxicology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales UK
| | | | - Martin J. D. Clift
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800In Vitro Toxicology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales UK
| | - Shareen H. Doak
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800In Vitro Toxicology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales UK
| | - Julia Catalán
- grid.6975.d0000 0004 0410 5926Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Department of Anatomy Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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12
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Nanosafety: An Evolving Concept to Bring the Safest Possible Nanomaterials to Society and Environment. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111810. [PMID: 35683670 PMCID: PMC9181910 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials has been increasing in recent times, and they are widely used in industries such as cosmetics, drugs, food, water treatment, and agriculture. The rapid development of new nanomaterials demands a set of approaches to evaluate the potential toxicity and risks related to them. In this regard, nanosafety has been using and adapting already existing methods (toxicological approach), but the unique characteristics of nanomaterials demand new approaches (nanotoxicology) to fully understand the potential toxicity, immunotoxicity, and (epi)genotoxicity. In addition, new technologies, such as organs-on-chips and sophisticated sensors, are under development and/or adaptation. All the information generated is used to develop new in silico approaches trying to predict the potential effects of newly developed materials. The overall evaluation of nanomaterials from their production to their final disposal chain is completed using the life cycle assessment (LCA), which is becoming an important element of nanosafety considering sustainability and environmental impact. In this review, we give an overview of all these elements of nanosafety.
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