1
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Liu S, Tang S, Lu Y, Su T, Wang Z. Preparation of Esterified Starches with Different Amylose Content and Their Blending with Polybutylene Succinate. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6301. [PMID: 38928007 PMCID: PMC11203958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Three types of starch with different amylose content were esterified and blended with polybutylene succinate (PBS) to obtain esterified manioc starch/PBS (EMS/PBS), esterified corn starch/PBS (ECS/PBS), and esterified waxy corn starch/PBS (EWS/PBS) composites. The EMS/PBS and ECS/PBS composites with high amylose content displayed typical V-type crystal structures. The original crystals of EWS, which had low amylose content, were disrupted during the esterification process. EWS exhibited the strongest interaction with PBS and the most favorable interface compatibility. The pyrolysis temperature was in order of EMS/PBS < ECS/PBS < EWS/PBS. The elongation at break of the three blends was higher than that of pure PBS. The esterification and plasticization of the EWS/PBS composite were the most comprehensive. The EWS/PBS composite showed the lowest storage modulus (G') and complex viscosity (η*). The interfacial bonding force of the composite materials increased with more amylopectin, decreasing intermolecular forces and destroying crystal structures, which decreased G' and η* and increased toughness. The EWS/PBS composite, with the least amylose content, had the best hydrophobicity and degradation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China (S.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shi Tang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China (S.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuanhao Lu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China (S.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tingting Su
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China (S.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhanyong Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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2
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Jenix Rino J, Suyambulingam I, Divakaran D, Sunesh NP, Singh MK, Vishnuvarthanan M, Sanjay MR, Siengchin S. Facile exfoliation and physicochemical characterization of Thespesia populnea plant leaves based bioplasticizer macromolecules reinforced with polylactic acid biofilms for packaging applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129771. [PMID: 38286386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Plasticizers are active ingredients added to the polymer to increase its workability. Since synthetic plasticizer is not ecofriendly and toxic in nature, it is a real cause for concern. On this basis, our study focuses on plasticizer extraction from plant-based resources. In this research work, Thespesia populnea leaves are utilized for the isolation of biological macromolecules with a plasticizing effect for biofilm applications. This extraction process is done through solvent extraction, amination, slow pyrolysis, and surface catalysis process. The physico-chemical and microstructural characterization of novel plasticizer particles were studied for the first time. The lower crystallinity index and crystalline size obtained from X-ray diffraction is 50.08 % and 20.45 nm respectively. Energy dispersive spectroscopy, particle sizer analysis, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy are used to assess surface morphology of this plasticizer. The thermogram and differential thermal analysis curves give the information about degradation behavior of plasticizers and their thermal stability. The glass transition temperature of the extracted plasticizer is 60.56 °C. The plasticizing effect of the plasticizer is studied through film fabrication of polylactic acid which was blended with the extracted plasticizer. The mechanical property of biofilm was improved with the addition of plasticizer. The elongation break percentage (for 5 % plasticizer 46.12 %) was increased compared to others with moderate tensile strength. However, the tensile and elongation modulus decreases with the increase of plasticizer content. The crystallinity of the PLA film was improved after the plasticization. The thermal stability also increased with 3 % addition of the plasticizer. The isolated plasticizer was soluble in water and its molecular weight ≈380.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jenix Rino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stella Mary's College of Engineering, Nagercoil, Tamilnadu 629202, India
| | - Indran Suyambulingam
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
| | - Divya Divakaran
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Narayana Perumal Sunesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Palkulam, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu 629401, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - M Vishnuvarthanan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - M R Sanjay
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
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3
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Thajai N, Rachtanapun P, Thanakkasaranee S, Punyodom W, Worajittiphon P, Phimolsiripol Y, Leksawasdi N, Ross S, Jantrawut P, Jantanasakulwong K. Reactive Blending of Modified Thermoplastic Starch Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Poly(butylene succinate) Blending with Epoxy Compatibilizer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3487. [PMID: 37631544 PMCID: PMC10458758 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable starch-based polymers were developed by melt-blending modified thermoplastic starch (MTPS) with poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blended with epoxy resin (Er). A modified thermoplastic starch blend with chlorhexidine gluconate (MTPSCh) was prepared by melt-blending cassava starch with glycerol and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) 1.0% wt. The Er was melt-blended with PBS (PBSE) at concentrations of 0.50%, 1.0%, 2.5%, and 5.0% (wt%/wt%). The mechanical properties, water resistance, and morphology of the MTPSCh/PBSE blends were investigated. The MTPSCh/PBSE2.5% blend showed an improvement in tensile strength (8.1 MPa) and elongation at break (86%) compared to the TPSCh/PBS blend (2.6 MPa and 53%, respectively). In addition, water contact angle measurements indicated an increase in the hydrophobicity of the MTPSCh/PBSE blends. Thermogravimetric analysis showed an improvement in thermal stability when PBS was added to the MTPSCh blends. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data confirmed a new reaction between the amino groups of CHG in MTPSCh and the epoxy groups of Er in PBSE, which improved the interfacial adhesion of the MTPSCh/PBSE blends. This reaction improved the mechanical properties, water resistance, morphology, and thermal stability of the TPSCh/PBSE blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanthicha Thajai
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (International Program/Interdisciplinary), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Mae-Hea, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.R.); (S.T.); (Y.P.); (N.L.)
- Center of Excellent in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Mae-Hea, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.R.); (S.T.); (Y.P.); (N.L.)
- Center of Excellent in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Winita Punyodom
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.P.); (P.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Patnarin Worajittiphon
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.P.); (P.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Yuthana Phimolsiripol
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Mae-Hea, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.R.); (S.T.); (Y.P.); (N.L.)
- Center of Excellent in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Noppol Leksawasdi
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Mae-Hea, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.R.); (S.T.); (Y.P.); (N.L.)
- Center of Excellent in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Sukunya Ross
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Pensak Jantrawut
- Center of Excellent in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Mae-Hea, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.R.); (S.T.); (Y.P.); (N.L.)
- Center of Excellent in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.P.); (P.W.)
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Grimaut DA, da Silva JBA, Lemos PVF, Correia PRC, Santana JS, Pessôa LC, Estevez-Areco S, Famá LM, Goyanes SN, Marcelino HR, de Jesus Assis D, de Souza CO. Effect of Addition of Cross-Linked Starch on the Properties of Degraded PBAT Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Films. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3106. [PMID: 37514495 PMCID: PMC10386069 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the properties of butylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) degraded after 1800 days of storage (DPBAT) by preparing blends (films) with crosslinked starch (Cm) through extrusion and thermocompression. Different ratios of DPBAT:Cm (70:30, 60:40, and 50:50 m/m) were prepared. The incorporation of Cm into DPBAT significantly changed the properties of the films by making them stiffer (increasing Young's modulus by up to 50%) and increasing the thermal resistance of DPBAT. The presence of crosslinked starch in the films made them less hydrophobic (with decreased contact angle and increased moisture content), but these parameters did not vary linearly with changes in the content of crosslinked starch in the blend (DPBAT:Cm). The microscopic images show an inhomogeneous distribution of Cm granules in the DPBAT matrix. Thus, the films prepared with PBAT show a significant decrease in their mechanical parameters and heat resistance after long-term storage. However, the preparation of blends of degraded DPBAT with crosslinked starch promoted changes in the properties of the films prepared by thermocompression, which could be useful for disposable packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Agostina Grimaut
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, BA, Brazil
| | - Jania Betania Alves da Silva
- Center for Exact and Technological Sciences, Collegiate of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BA, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40210-630, BA, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vitor França Lemos
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology-Northeast Biotechnology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, BA, Brazil
| | - Paulo Romano Cruz Correia
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology-Northeast Biotechnology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, BA, Brazil
| | - Jamille Santos Santana
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40210-630, BA, Brazil
| | - Luiggi Cavalcanti Pessôa
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40210-630, BA, Brazil
| | - Santiago Estevez-Areco
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Polymers and Composite Materials, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Buenos Aires University, University City, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Lucía Mercedes Famá
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Polymers and Composite Materials, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Buenos Aires University, University City, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Silvia Nair Goyanes
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Polymers and Composite Materials, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Buenos Aires University, University City, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | | | - Denilson de Jesus Assis
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40210-630, BA, Brazil
- School of Exact and Technological Sciences, Salvador University, Salvador 41820-021, BA, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira de Souza
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, BA, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology-Northeast Biotechnology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, BA, Brazil
- Department of Bromatological Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, BA, Brazil
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5
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Beluci NDCL, Santos JD, de Carvalho FA, Yamashita F. Reactive biodegradable extruded blends of thermoplastic starch and polyesters. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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6
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Jordá-Reolid M, Ibáñez-García A, Catani L, Martínez-García A. Development of Blends to Improve Flexibility of Biodegradable Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235223. [PMID: 36501617 PMCID: PMC9735979 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, binary blends of biodegradable polymers were prepared to improve the ductile properties of those that have a more rigid and/or brittle behaviour. Specifically, PLA, PHA and TPS were blended with different amounts of PBS with the objective of reducing the stiffness and brittleness of the three polymers. The compatibility of the blends and their resulting mechanical properties were studied. The flexibility of the blends increased with the addition of PBS; however, a limited compatibility was achieved, leading to a low impact resistance improvement. For this reason, other blend options with an EVA-based material were studied, increasing the impact resistance and flexibility of the PLA material in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jordá-Reolid
- Innovative Materials and Manufacturing Area, Technological Institute for Children’s Products and Leisure, 03440 Ibi, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-555-44-75
| | - Ana Ibáñez-García
- Innovative Materials and Manufacturing Area, Technological Institute for Children’s Products and Leisure, 03440 Ibi, Spain
| | - Linda Catani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science—BiGeA, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna—Campus of Ravenna, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Asunción Martínez-García
- Innovative Materials and Manufacturing Area, Technological Institute for Children’s Products and Leisure, 03440 Ibi, Spain
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7
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Barletta M, Aversa C, Ayyoob M, Gisario A, Hamad K, Mehrpouya M, Vahabi H. Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS): Materials, processing, and industrial applications. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Hafila KZ, Jumaidin R, Ilyas RA, Selamat MZ, Yusof FAM. Effect of palm wax on the mechanical, thermal, and moisture absorption properties of thermoplastic cassava starch composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:851-860. [PMID: 34838853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Thermoplastic starch is a potentially sustainable and biodegradable material. However, it possesses some limitations in terms of mechanical performance and high moisture sensitivity. In this current work, the characteristics of thermoplastic cassava starch (TPCS) containing palm wax at various loading were evaluated. TPCS was prepared via hot pressing by varying the ratios of palm wax (2.5, 5, 10, and 15 wt%). Next, characterization via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), mechanical, water solubility, thickness swelling and moisture absorption tests, were conducted on the samples. The findings showed that incorporating starch-based thermoplastics with palm wax has remarkably improved mechanical characteristics of the thermoplastic blends. Besides, the morphology of the samples demonstrated irregular and rougher cleavage fracture after palm wax addition. FT-IR indicated the existence of intermolecular interaction between TPCS and palm wax with the intermolecular hydrogen bonds that existed between them. The thermal stability of TPCS has improved with rising palm wax content. The incorporation of 15 wt% palm wax resulted in the lowest moisture absorption value among the samples. Overall, the developed TPCS/palm wax with improved mechanical and moisture resistance characteristics has the potential to be used as biodegradable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Z Hafila
- Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia; German-Malaysian Institute, Jalan Ilmiah Taman Universiti, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Jumaidin
- Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia.
| | - R A Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - M Z Selamat
- Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Fahmi Asyadi Md Yusof
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Taboh Naning, Alor Gajah, Melaka 78000, Malaysia
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9
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Medical Plant Extract Purification from Cadmium(II) Using Modified Thermoplastic Starch and Ion Exchangers. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164734. [PMID: 34443254 PMCID: PMC8401945 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pure compounds extracted and purified from medical plants are crucial for preparation of the herbal products applied in many countries as drugs for the treatment of diseases all over the world. Such products should be free from toxic heavy metals; therefore, their elimination or removal in all steps of production is very important. Hence, the purpose of this paper was purification of an extract obtained from Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo and cadmium removal using thermoplastic starch (S1), modified TPS with poly (butylene succinate); 25% of TPS + 75% PBS (S2); 50% of TPS + 50% PLA (S3); and 50% of TPS + 50% PLA with 5% of hemp fibers (S4), as well as ion exchangers of different types, e.g., Lewatit SP112, Purolite S940, Amberlite IRC747, Amberlite IRC748, Amberlite IRC718, Lewatit TP207, Lewatit TP208, and Purolite S930. This extract is used in cancer treatment in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis with differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, gel permeation chromatography, surface analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and point of zero charge analysis were used for sorbent and adsorption process characterization, as well as for explanation of the Cd(II) sorption mechanism.
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10
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Yahia R, Owda ME, Abou‐Zeid RE, Abdelhai F, Gad ES, Saleh AK, El‐Gamil HY. Synthesis and characterization of thermoplastic starch/
PVA
/cardanol oil composites loaded with in‐situ silver nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan Yahia
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science, Al‐Azhar University, Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | - Medhat E. Owda
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science, Al‐Azhar University, Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | - Ragab E. Abou‐Zeid
- Cellulose and Paper Department National Research Centre, Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Farag Abdelhai
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science, Al‐Azhar University, Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | - Ehab S. Gad
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science, Al‐Azhar University, Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed K. Saleh
- Cellulose and Paper Department National Research Centre, Dokki Giza Egypt
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11
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Lopes H, Oliveira G, Talabi S, Lucas A. Production of thermoplastic starch and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) films assisted by solid-state shear pulverization. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Saliu OD, Mamo MA, Ndungu PG, Ramontja J. Micellization of a starch-poly(1,4-butylene succinate) nano-hybrid for enhanced energy storage. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11745-11759. [PMID: 35423662 PMCID: PMC8695992 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00635e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report on a reverse micellization approach to prepare uncarbonized starch and poly(1,4-butylene succinate) hybrids with exceptional charge storage performance. Uncarbonized starch was activated through protonation, hybridized with poly (1,4-butylene succinate), configured into conductive reverse micelles, and incorporated with magnetite nanoparticles. Before magnetite incorporation, the maximum specific capacitance (C sp), energy density (E d), power density (P d) and retention capacity (%) of the reverse micelles were estimated to be 584 F g-1, 143 W h kg-1, 2356 W kg and 97.5%. After magnetite incorporation, we achieved a maximum supercapacitive performance of 631 F g-1, 204 W h kg-1, 4371 W kg-1 and 98%. We demonstrate that the use of magnetite incorporated St-PBS reverse micelles minimizes the contact resistance between the two supercapacitor electrodes, resulting in high charge storage capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O D Saliu
- Energy, Sensors and Multifunctional Nanomaterials Research Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg P. O. Box 17011 Doornfontein 2028 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - M A Mamo
- Energy, Sensors and Multifunctional Nanomaterials Research Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg P. O. Box 17011 Doornfontein 2028 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - P G Ndungu
- Energy, Sensors and Multifunctional Nanomaterials Research Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg P. O. Box 17011 Doornfontein 2028 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - J Ramontja
- Energy, Sensors and Multifunctional Nanomaterials Research Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg P. O. Box 17011 Doornfontein 2028 Johannesburg South Africa
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Xu J, Chen Y, Tian Y, Yang Z, Zhao Z, Du W, Zhang X. Effect of ionic liquid 1-buyl-3-methylimidazolium halide on the structure and tensile property of PBS/corn starch blends. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 172:170-177. [PMID: 33450339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As a promising biodegradable resin, poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) is often blended with starch to reduce the cost. In this paper, 1-buyl-3-methylimidazolium halide pre-plasticized corn starch (CS) was blended with PBS to prepare PBS/corn starch blend material modified by ionic liquid (PBS/CS-IL). Ionic liquid (IL) acted as plasticizer and compatibilizer, and the effects of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium halide with different halogen anion on PBS/Starch blends were explored. The effects of IL on the structure and tensile property of PBS/Starch blends were evaluated by FTIR, SEM, DSC, TGA and XRD, respectively. Test results showed that the addition of IL significantly reduced the crystallinity of PBS/Starch blends, and the size of starch particles in the PBS matrix was also effectively reduced. IL also acted as a compatibilizer of starch and PBS, and induced the morphology of the blends to change from "sea-island" structure to homogeneous phase. The results of the tensile test showed that compared with the PBS/Starch blend without IL, the elongation at break of PBS/CS-IL increased from 22% to 93%. This study provided a simple and feasible method for the preparation of low-cost PBS bio-composite materials, and provided theoretical support for future industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuanfang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhaojie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhixin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wenhao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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14
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Yan Y, Dou Q. Effect of Peroxide on Compatibility, Microstructure, Rheology, Crystallization, and Mechanical Properties of PBS/Waxy Starch Composites. STARCH-STARKE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Qiang Dou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
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15
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Noivoil N, Yoksan R. Oligo(lactic acid)-grafted starch: A compatibilizer for poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic starch blend. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:506-517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Soccio M, Dominici F, Quattrosoldi S, Luzi F, Munari A, Torre L, Lotti N, Puglia D. PBS-Based Green Copolymer as an Efficient Compatibilizer in Thermoplastic Inedible Wheat Flour/Poly(butylene succinate) Blends. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3254-3269. [PMID: 32602702 PMCID: PMC8009480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Considering
the current context of research aiming at proposing
new bioplastics with low costs and properties similar to fossil-based
commodities currently on the market, in the present work, a hybrid
blend containing a prevalent amount of cheap inedible cereal flour
(70 wt %) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) (30 wt %) has been prepared
by a simple, eco-friendly, and low-cost processing methodology. In
order to improve the interfacial tension and enhance the adhesion
between the different phases at the solid state, with consequent improvement
in microstructure uniformity and in material mechanical and adhesive
performance, the PBS fraction in the blend was replaced with variable
amounts (0–25 wt %) of PBS-based green copolymer, which exerted
the function of a compatibilizer. The copolymer is characterized by
an ad hoc chemical structure, containing six-carbon aliphatic rings,
also present in the flour starch structure. The two synthetic polyesters
obtained through two-stage melt polycondensation have been deeply
characterized from the molecular, thermal, and mechanical points of
view. Copolymerization deeply impacts the polymer final properties,
the crystallizing ability, and stiffness of the PBS homopolymer being
reduced. Also, the prepared ternary blends were deeply investigated
in terms of microstructure, thermal, and mechanical properties. Lastly,
both pure blend components and ternary blends were subjected to disintegration
experiments under composting conditions. The results obtained proved
how effective was the compatibilizer action of the copolymer, as evidenced
by the investigation conducted on morphology and mechanical properties.
Specifically, the mixtures with 15 and 20 wt % Co appeared to be characterized
by the best mechanical performance, showing a progressive increase
of deformation while preserving good values of elastic modulus and
stress. The disintegration rate in compost was found to be higher
for the lower amount of copolymer in the ternary blend. However, after
90 days of incubation, the blend richest in copolymer content lost
62% of weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelina Soccio
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Franco Dominici
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Silvia Quattrosoldi
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Andrea Munari
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Torre
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Debora Puglia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy
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17
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Characterization Study of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers Reinforcement in Poly(Butylene) Succinate (PBS)/Starch/Glycerol Composite Sheet. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071571. [PMID: 32679865 PMCID: PMC7408612 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a mixture of thermoplastic polybutylene succinate (PBS), tapioca starch, glycerol and empty fruit bunch fiber was prepared by a melt compounding method using an industrial extruder. Generally, insertion of starch/glycerol has provided better strength performance, but worse thermal and water uptake to all specimens. The effect of fiber loading on mechanical, morphological, thermal and physical properties was studied in focus. Low interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix revealed a poor mechanical performance. However, higher fiber loadings have improved the strength values. This is because fibers regulate good load transfer mechanisms, as confirmed from SEM micrographs. Tensile and flexural strengths have increased 6.0% and 12.2%, respectively, for 20 wt% empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber reinforcements. There was a slightly higher mass loss for early stage thermal decomposition, whereas regardless of EFB contents, insignificant changes on decomposition temperature were recorded. A higher lignin constituent in the composite (for high natural fiber volume) resulted in a higher mass residue, which would turn into char at high temperature. This observation indirectly proves the dimensional integrity of the composite. However, as expected, with higher EFB fiber contents in the composite, higher values in both the moisture uptake and moisture loss analyses were found. The hydroxyl groups in the EFB absorbed water moisture through formation of hydrogen bonding.
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18
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Nazrin A, Sapuan SM, Zuhri MYM, Ilyas RA, Syafiq R, Sherwani SFK. Nanocellulose Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch (TPS), Polylactic Acid (PLA), and Polybutylene Succinate (PBS) for Food Packaging Applications. Front Chem 2020; 8:213. [PMID: 32351928 PMCID: PMC7174692 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic plastics are severely detrimental to the environment because non-biodegradable plastics do not degrade for hundreds of years. Nowadays, these plastics are very commonly used for food packaging. To overcome this problem, food packaging materials should be substituted with "green" or environmentally friendly materials, normally in the form of natural fiber reinforced biopolymer composites. Thermoplastic starch (TPS), polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS) were chosen for the substitution, because of their availability, biodegradability, and good food contact properties. Plasticizer (glycerol) was used to modify the starch, such as TPS under a heating condition, which improved its processability. TPS films are sensitive to moisture and their mechanical properties are generally not suitable for food packaging if used alone, while PLA and PBS have a low oxygen barrier but good mechanical properties and processability. In general, TPS, PLA, and PBS need to be modified for food packaging requirements. Natural fibers are often incorporated as reinforcements into TPS, PLA, and PBS to overcome their weaknesses. Natural fibers are normally used in the form of fibers, fillers, celluloses, and nanocelluloses, but the focus of this paper is on nanocellulose. Nanocellulose reinforced polymer composites demonstrate an improvement in mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties. The addition of compatibilizer as a coupling agent promotes a fine dispersion of nanocelluloses in polymer. Additionally, nanocellulose and TPS are also mixed with PLA and PBS because they are costly, despite having commendable properties. Starch and natural fibers are utilized as fillers because they are abundant, cheap and biodegradable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nazrin
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - S M Sapuan
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.,Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - M Y M Zuhri
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - R A Ilyas
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - R Syafiq
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - S F K Sherwani
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
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19
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Coltelli MB, Panariello L, Morganti P, Danti S, Baroni A, Lazzeri A, Fusco A, Donnarumma G. Skin-Compatible Biobased Beauty Masks Prepared by Extrusion. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11020023. [PMID: 32268483 PMCID: PMC7353523 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the cosmetic sector, natural and sustainable products with a high compatibility with skin, thus conjugating wellness with a green-oriented consumerism, are required by the market. Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA)/starch blends represent a promising alternative to prepare flexible films as support for innovative beauty masks, wearable after wetting and releasing starch and other selected molecules. Nevertheless, preparing these films by extrusion is difficult due to the high viscosity of the polymer melt at the temperature suitable for processing starch. The preparation of blends including poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) or poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) was investigated as a strategy to better modulate melt viscosity in view of a possible industrial production of beauty mask films. The release properties of films in water, connected to their morphology, was also investigated by extraction trials, infrared spectroscopy and stereo and electron microscopy. Then, the biocompatibility with cells was assessed by considering both mesenchymal stromal cells and keratinocytes. All the results were discussed considering the morphology of the films. This study evidenced the possibility of modulating thanks to the selection of composition and the materials processing of the properties necessary for producing films with tailored properties and processability for beauty masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (L.P.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (A.F.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.-B.C.); (G.D.); Tel.: +39-050-2217856 (M.-B.C.)
| | - Luca Panariello
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (L.P.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (A.F.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Pierfrancesco Morganti
- Academy of History of Health Care Art, 00193 Rome, Italy;
- Dermatology Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Adone Baroni
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (L.P.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (A.F.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (L.P.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (A.F.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Fusco
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (L.P.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (A.F.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (L.P.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (A.F.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.-B.C.); (G.D.); Tel.: +39-050-2217856 (M.-B.C.)
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20
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Effect of Empty Fruit Brunch reinforcement in PolyButylene-Succinate/Modified Tapioca Starch blend for Agricultural Mulch Films. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1166. [PMID: 31980742 PMCID: PMC6981160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, it focused on empty fruit brunch (EFB) fibres reinforcement in polybutylene succinate (PBS) with modified tapioca starch by using hot press technique for the use of agricultural mulch film. Mechanical, morphological and thermal properties were studied. Mechanical analysis showed decreased in values of modulus strength for both tensile and flexural testing for fibres insertion. Higher EFB fibre contents in films resulted lower mechanical properties due to poor fibre wetting from insufficient matrix. This has also found evident in SEM micrograph, showing poor interfacial bonding. Water vapour permeability (WVP) shows as higher hydrophilic EFB fibre reinforcement contents, the rate of WVP also increase. Besides this, little or no significant changes on thermal properties for composite films. This is because high thermal stability PBS polymer show its superior thermal properties dominantly. Even though EFB fibres insertion into PBS/tapioca starch biocomposite films have found lower mechanical properties. It successfully reduced the cost of mulch film production without significant changes of thermal performances.
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21
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Zhao Z, Lei B, Du W, Yang Z, Tao D, Tian Y, Xu J, Zhang X. The effects of different inorganic salts on the structure and properties of ionic liquid plasticized starch/poly(butylene succinate) blends. RSC Adv 2020; 10:3756-3764. [PMID: 35492637 PMCID: PMC9048611 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08218b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
1-Butyl-3-methylimidazole chloride ([BMIM]Cl) plasticized starch/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blends containing inorganic salts with different cations were prepared by a Haake mixer. The compatibility, thermal behaviors including crystallinity, crystallization temperature and melting temperature, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of these blends were systematically investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the inorganic salts could interact strongly with [BMIM]Cl plasticized starch/PBS blends to improve their mechanical properties, while the thermal stability of the [BMIM]Cl plasticized starch/PBS blends was simultaneously reduced. The SEM results suggested that the compatibility of [BMIM]Cl plasticized starch and PBS was significantly improved with increasing inorganic salt content. Furthermore, by incorporating inorganic salts, the melting enthalpy (ΔHm), crystallinity (Xc), and cold crystallization temperature (Tcc) of the blends were decreased. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazole chloride ([BMIM]Cl) plasticized starch/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blends containing inorganic salts with different cations were prepared by a Haake mixer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
- Polymer Research Institute
| | - Bei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
- Polymer Research Institute
| | - Wenhao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
- Polymer Research Institute
| | - Zhaojie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
- Polymer Research Institute
| | - Danyang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
- Polymer Research Institute
| | - Yuanfang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
- Polymer Research Institute
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
- Polymer Research Institute
| | - Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
- Polymer Research Institute
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22
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Zhao Z, Lei B, Du W, Zhang X. The Effects of Inorganic Salts with Different Anions on the Structure and Properties of Starch/Poly (Butylene Succinate) Blends Plasticized with Ionic Liquid. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11122004. [PMID: 31817007 PMCID: PMC6960718 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
1-butyl-3-methylimidazole chloride ((BMIM) Cl) modified starch/poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) blends with different anions of inorganic salts were prepared by HAAKE mixer. The compatibility and thermal behaviors including crystallinity, crystallization and melting temperature, thermal stability and mechanical properties were systematically investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that inorganic salts can produce a strong interaction with starch/PBS blends, which can improve the mechanical properties of starch/PBS blends, enhance the mechanical strength and elongation at break of starch/PBS blends, meanwhile, the thermal stability of starch/PBS blends decreased. The SEM images reveal that the compatibility of starch/PBS become better with the increase of inorganic salts. The melting and crystallization absorption peaks in the DSC curves show that the melting enthalpy (ΔHm), crystallinity (Xc), and crystallization temperature (Tc) of the blends decrease and the cold crystallization temperature (Tcc) increase when inorganic salts is added. Moreover, inorganic salts with smaller anionic radius have much better effects on the starch/PBS blends plasticized with ((BMIM)Cl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Z.Z.); (B.L.); (W.D.)
- Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Z.Z.); (B.L.); (W.D.)
- Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wenhao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Z.Z.); (B.L.); (W.D.)
- Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Z.Z.); (B.L.); (W.D.)
- Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13808072562
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23
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Lekube BM, Fahrngruber B, Kozich M, Wastyn M, Burgstaller C. Influence of processing on the mechanical properties and morphology of starch‐based blends for film applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Maria Lekube
- Transfercenter für Kunststofftechnik GmbH Franz‐Fritsch‐Straße 11, 4600 Wels Austria
| | - Barbara Fahrngruber
- Agrana Research & Innovation Center GmbH Josef Reitherstraße 21‐23, 3430 Tulln Austria
| | - Martin Kozich
- Agrana Research & Innovation Center GmbH Josef Reitherstraße 21‐23, 3430 Tulln Austria
| | - Marnik Wastyn
- Agrana Research & Innovation Center GmbH Josef Reitherstraße 21‐23, 3430 Tulln Austria
| | - Christoph Burgstaller
- Transfercenter für Kunststofftechnik GmbH Franz‐Fritsch‐Straße 11, 4600 Wels Austria
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24
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Garalde RA, Thipmanee R, Jariyasakoolroj P, Sane A. The effects of blend ratio and storage time on thermoplastic starch/poly(butylene adipate- co-terephthalate) films. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01251. [PMID: 31016252 PMCID: PMC6475639 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to investigate blend ratio and storage time effects on the morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of thermoplastic starch/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PBAT) films. TPS was prepared from plasticized cassava starch using a twin-screw extruder. TPS was subsequently melt-blended with PBAT with varied weight ratios (i.e., 20/80, 40/60 and 60/40) and blown to form TPS/PBAT films. It was found that increasing the TPS/PBAT ratio to 40/60 led to improved distributions of polymeric components and increased PBAT crystallization temperatures while reducing TPS melting transitions and tensile properties of TPS/PBAT films. After three months of storage at 30 °C, the tensile strength and secant modulus at 2% strain of TPS/PBAT films increased due to recrystallization of both TPS and PBAT. Blend ratios were the primary determinant for changes in TPS/PBAT film elongation at break with this storage time. Elongation at break decreased at low TPS:PBAT ratios (i.e., 20/80) and increased at high blend ratios (i.e., 60/40). The recrystallization of both TPS and PBAT components were observed from XRD and DSC analyses. Results obtained from both techniques confirmed the formation of additional crystalline structures of individual components during storage. The recrystallization phenomena also affected thermal transition temperatures of blend components. The crystallization temperature of PBAT-rich phase increased as starch could act as nucleating sites for PBAT. Using DMA, the tan δ curve of TPS/PBAT film exhibited two sharp individual peaks corresponding to the glass transitions of PBAT-rich and starch-rich phases. The tan δ of TPS-rich phase shifted to higher temperature due to recrystallization of TPS-rich phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Anne Garalde
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Ranumas Thipmanee
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute for Advanced Studies (CASAF, NRU-KU, Thailand), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Piyawanee Jariyasakoolroj
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute for Advanced Studies (CASAF, NRU-KU, Thailand), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Amporn Sane
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute for Advanced Studies (CASAF, NRU-KU, Thailand), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Oniszczuk T, Combrzyński M, Matwijczuk A, Oniszczuk A, Gładyszewska B, Podleśny J, Czernel G, Karcz D, Niemczynowicz A, Wójtowicz A. Physical assessment, spectroscopic and chemometric analysis of starch-based foils with selected functional additives. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212070. [PMID: 30759170 PMCID: PMC6373948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents the results of studies related to the impact of functional additives in the form of polylactide (PLA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and keratin hydrolysate (K) on the physical characteristics of biopolymer foils. TPS granulate was obtained using a TS-45 single-screw extruder with L/D = 16. Foil was produced with the use of an L/D = 36 extruder with film-blowing section. The impact of the quantity and type of the functional additives on the processing efficiency and energy consumption of granulate extrusion, as well as the physical characteristics of the foil produced: thickness, basis weight, and colour were determined. By measuring the FTIR spectra it was determined the type and origin of the respective functional groups. It was observed that foils produced from granulates with the addition of 3% PVA were characterised by the lowest thickness and basis weight. Addition of 2 and 3% of PLA increased thickness and basis weight of starch-based foils significantly. Increasing the content of keratin in SG/K samples resulted in a decrease of brightness and intensify the yellow tint of foils, especially when 2 and 3% of keratin was used. In terms of the other samples, it was observed that the colour remained almost unchanged irrespective of the percentage content of the additive used. Infrared analyses conducted on foil containing PVA, PLA, and K revealed a change in spectra intensity in the frequency range associated with-OH groups originating from the forming free, intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Based on an analysis of the respective bands within the IR range it was also concluded that considerable structural changes took place with respect to the glycosidic bonds of starch itself. The application of the mentioned additives had a significant structural impact on the produced starch-based foils. Furthermore, the conducted UV-Vis analyses revealed a substantial increase in absorbance and a related reduction of the permeability (colour change) of the obtained materials in the range of ultraviolet and visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Oniszczuk
- Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Combrzyński
- Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Bożena Gładyszewska
- Department of Physics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Podleśny
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Czernel
- Department of Physics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Karcz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Niemczynowicz
- Department of Analysis and Differential Equations, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wójtowicz
- Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Ayu RS, Khalina A, Harmaen AS, Zaman K, Jawaid M, Lee CH. Effect of Modified Tapioca Starch on Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of PBS Blends for Food Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1187. [PMID: 30961112 PMCID: PMC6290640 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, polybutylene succinate (PBS) was blended with five types of modified tapioca starch to investigate the effect of modified tapioca starch in PBS blends for food packaging by identifying its properties. Tensile and flexural properties of blends found deteriorated for insertion of starch. This is due to poor interface, higher void contents and hydrolytic degradation of hydrophilic starch. FTIR results show all starch/PBS blends are found with footprints of starch except OH stretching vibration which is absent in B40 blends. Besides, Broad O⁻H absorption in all specimens show that these are hydrogen bonded molecules and no free O⁻H bonding was found. SEM testing shows good interfacial bonding between PBS and starch except E40 blends. Therefore, poor results of E40 blends was expected. In TGA, a slightly weight loss found between 80 to 100 °C due to free water removal. Apart from this, insertion of all types of starch reduces thermal stability of blend. However, high crystallinity of starch/PBS blend observed better thermal stability but lower char yield. Starch A and B blends are suggested to be used as food wrap and food container materials while starch D blend is suitable for grocery plastic bags according to observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiqah S Ayu
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abdan Khalina
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Saffian Harmaen
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Khairul Zaman
- Polycomposite Sdn Bhd, Taman Kajang Sentral, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ching Hao Lee
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Maubane L, Ray SS, Jalama K. Influence of Silica Size on Properties of Poly[(Butylene Succinate)-Co-Adipate]/Butyl-Etherified High-Amylose Starch Blend Composites. STARCH-STARKE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201700181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lesego Maubane
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research; Pretoria 0001 South Africa
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Johannesburg; Doornfontein 2028 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research; Pretoria 0001 South Africa
- Department of Applied Chemistry; University of Johannesburg; Doornfontein 2028 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Kalala Jalama
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Johannesburg; Doornfontein 2028 Johannesburg South Africa
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28
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Maubane L, Ray SS, Jalama K. The effect of starch amylose content on the morphology and properties of melt-processed butyl-etherified starch/poly[(butylene succinate)-co-adipate] blends. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 155:89-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Preparation and properties of compatible starch-polycaprolactone composites: Effects of hard segments in the polyurethane compatibilizer. STARCH-STARKE 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201600071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Characteristics of thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar blend: Thermal, tensile, and physical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:575-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamah A. Bin-Dahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals; Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Jobin Jose
- Center for Engineering Research; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals; Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh A. Al-Harthi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals; Dhahran Saudi Arabia
- Center for Research Excellence in Nanotechnology; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals; Dhahran Saudi Arabia
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32
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Liu D, Qi Z, Zhang Y, Xu J, Guo B. Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/ionic liquid plasticized starch blends: Preparation, characterization, and properties. STARCH-STARKE 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201500060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInstitute of Polymer Science & EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Qi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInstitute of Polymer Science & EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInstitute of Polymer Science & EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInstitute of Polymer Science & EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Baohua Guo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInstitute of Polymer Science & EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingP. R. China
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33
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Battegazzore D, Bocchini S, Nicola G, Martini E, Frache A. Isosorbide, a green plasticizer for thermoplastic starch that does not retrogradate. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 119:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Zakharova E, Alla A, Martínez de Ilarduya A, Muñoz-Guerra S. Bio-based PBS copolyesters derived from a bicyclic d-glucitol. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03844h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copolyesters of PBS containing bicyclic d-glucitol units attain Tg values even higher than with isosorbide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zakharova
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- ETSEIB
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Abdelilah Alla
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- ETSEIB
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | | | - Sebastián Muñoz-Guerra
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- ETSEIB
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
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