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Azka MA, Adam A, Ridzuan SM, Sapuan SM, Habib A. A review on the enhancement of circular economy aspects focusing on nanocellulose composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132052. [PMID: 38704068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Researchers are now focusing on using the circular economy model to manufacture nanocellulose composites due to growing environmental issues related to waste management. The circular economy model offers a sustainable solution to the problem by optimizing resource efficiency and waste management by reducing waste, maintaining value over time, minimizing the use of primary resources, and creating closed loops for goods, components, and materials. With the use of the circular economy model, waste, such as industrial, agricultural, and textile waste, is used again to produce new products, which can solve waste management issues and improve resource efficiency. In order to encourage the use of circular economy ideas with a specific focus on nanocellulose composites, this review examines the concept of using circular economy, and explores ways to make nanocellulose composites from different types of waste, such as industrial, agricultural, and textile waste. Furthermore, this review investigates the application of nanocellulose composites across multiple industries. In addition, this review provides researchers useful insights of how circular economics can be applied to the development of nanocellulose composites, which have the goal of creating a flexible and environmentally friendly material that can address waste management issues and optimize resource efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adlan Azka
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adib Adam
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S M Ridzuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S M Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Habib
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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2
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Nath PC, Sharma R, Debnath S, Sharma M, Inbaraj BS, Dikkala PK, Nayak PK, Sridhar K. Recent trends in polysaccharide-based biodegradable polymers for smart food packaging industry. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127524. [PMID: 37865365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Artificial packaging materials, such as plastic, can cause significant environmental problems. Thus, the use of polysaccharide-based biodegradable polymers (cellulose, starch, and alginate) has the potential in the field of environmental sustainability, reprocessing, or protection of the environment. Morphological and structural alterations caused by material degradation have a substantial impact on polymer material characteristics. To avoid degradation during storage, it is critical to evaluate and comprehend the structure, characteristics, and behavior of modern bio-based materials for potential food packaging applications. Hence, this review focused on the various types of polysaccharide-based biodegradable polymers (cellulose, starch, and alginate), their properties, and their commercial potential for food packaging applications. In addition, we overviewed the recent development of polysaccharide-based biodegradable polymer (cellulose, starch, and alginate) packaging for food products. The review concluded that the membrane and chromatographics are widely used in production of cellulose, starch, and alginate-based biodegradable polymers. Also, nanotechnology-based food packaging is widely used to improve the properties of cellulose, starch, and alginate biodegradable polymers and the incorporation of active agents to enhance the shelf life of food products. Overall, the review highlighted the potential of cellulose, starch, and alginate biodegradable polymers in the food packaging industry and the need for potential research and development to improve their properties and commercial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinku Chandra Nath
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya 793101, India
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania 799046, India
| | - Shubhankar Debnath
- Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania 799046, India
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya 793101, India
| | | | - Praveen Kumar Dikkala
- College of Food Science and Technology, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Pulivendula 516390, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Nayak
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar, Kokrajhar 783370, India.
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India.
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3
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Arrieta AA, Calabokis OP, Mendoza JM. Effect of Lithium Salts on the Properties of Cassava Starch Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4150. [PMID: 37896394 PMCID: PMC10610839 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of lithium salts on the structural, electrochemical, and thermal properties of cassava starch solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBPEs). Films of SBPEs were synthesized using plasticizing agents and lithium salts (LiCl, Li2SO4, and CF3LiSO3) via thermochemical method. The SBPEs with lithium salts exhibited characteristic FTIR bands starch, with slight variations in the vibration oxygen-related functional groups compared to salt-free biopolymer spectra. The RCOH/COC index (short-range crystallinity) was higher in the films synthesized without lithium salt and the lowest value was established in the films synthesized with Li2SO4. Thermal degradation involved dehydration between 40 to 110 °C and molecular decomposition between 245 to 335 °C. Degradation temperatures were close when synthesized with salts but differed in films without lithium salt. DSC revealed two endothermic processes: one around 65 °C linked to crystalline structure changes and the second at approximately 271 °C associated with glucose ring decomposition. The electrochemical behavior of the SBPEs varied with the salts used, resulting in differences in the potential and current of peaks from the redox processes and its conductivity, presenting the lowest value (8.42 × 10-5 S cm-1) in the SBPE films without salt and highest value (9.54 × 10-3 S cm-1) in the films with Li2SO4. It was concluded that the type of lithium salt used in SBPEs synthesis affected their properties. SBPEs with lithium triflate showed higher molecular ordering, thermal stability, and lower redox potentials in electrochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro A. Arrieta
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo 700001, Colombia
| | - Oriana Palma Calabokis
- Faculty of Engineering and Basic Sciences, Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores, Bogota 111221, Colombia;
| | - Jorge Mario Mendoza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Córdoba, Monteria 230002, Colombia;
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Nordin AH, Ilyas RA, Ngadi N, Baharuddin NH. Pea thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Interest in nanocellulose has lately increased as a result of its benefits, such as renewable, biodegradable, high mechanical strength and valuable economically. In this regard, nanocellulose has been frequently employed as reinforcement for the enhancement of mechanical, thermal and biodegradation qualities of nanocomposite materials, such as thermoplastic starch. An overview of the use of pea starch that has been reinforced with nanocellulose for packaging and storage applications is given in this chapter. In comparison to standard sources of starch like maize, wheat and potatoes, it is consequently seen as a comparatively affordable source of starch. These composite polysaccharides (pea thermoplastic starch/nanocellulose) have the potential to replace traditional packaging composed of polymers derived from petroleum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hassan Nordin
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) , Skudai 81310 , Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences , Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) , 02600 , Arau , Perlis , Malaysia
| | - Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) , Skudai 81310 , Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) , Skudai 81310 , Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization, Universiti Malaysia Perlis , 02600 , Arau , Perlis , Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang 43400 , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Norzita Ngadi
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) , Skudai 81310 , Malaysia
| | - Nurul Huda Baharuddin
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) , Skudai 81310 , Malaysia
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Nizzy AM, Kannan S. A review on the conversion of cassava wastes into value-added products towards a sustainable environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:69223-69240. [PMID: 35962891 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The solid and liquid wastes generated from cassava-based industries are organic and acidic in nature, which leads to various global concerns-primarily global warming and biodiversity loss. But the conversion of these wastes into value-added products associated with environmental pollution control contributes to sustainable development. Generally, the thermochemical process such as pyrolysis and gasification and biochemical processes such as anaerobic digestion have been applied for the conversion of cassava waste into value-added products. This review addresses the valorization of cassava wastes, which fulfill almost all needs of the hour, such as energy (biofuel), wastewater treatment (adsorbents), bioplastics, starch nanoparticles, organic acid production, and antimicrobial agents. The major aim of this paper is to analyze and provide the disclosure of the efficiency of cassava-based industrial waste as a source to minimize the problem associated with conventional fossil fuels and through which mitigate the impact of global warming and climate change. Furthermore, recent research and achievements in the valorization of cassava waste have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Mariathankam Nizzy
- Department of Environmental Studies, School of Energy Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Suruli Kannan
- Department of Environmental Studies, School of Energy Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sulardjaka S, Iskandar N, Nugroho S, Alamsyah A, Prasetya M. The characterization of unidirectional and woven water hyacinth fiber reinforced with epoxy resin composites. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10484. [PMID: 36110245 PMCID: PMC9468385 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Deshmukh AK, Talwar G, Kumar N. Effect of ultrasonication on mechanical properties, biodegradability and morphological behaviour of composite biodegradable cup. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Deshmukh
- Department of Dairy Engineering College of Dairy Science and Technology GADVASU Ludhiana
| | - Gopika Talwar
- College of Dairy Science and Technology GADVASU Ludhiana
| | - Narender Kumar
- College of Dairy Science and Technology GADVASU Ludhiana
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Ben Bakrim W, Ezzariai A, Karouach F, Sobeh M, Kibret M, Hafidi M, Kouisni L, Yasri A. Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms: A Comprehensive Review of Its Chemical Composition, Traditional Use, and Value-Added Products. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:842511. [PMID: 35370709 PMCID: PMC8971373 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.842511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, commonly known as water hyacinth, is one of the world’s most invasive aquatic plants of the Pontederiaceae family occurring in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Although, E. crassipes causes significant ecological and socioeconomic issues such as a high loss in water resources, it has multipurpose applications since it is famous for many industrial applications such as bioenergy, biofertilizer production, wastewater treatment (absorption of heavy metals), and animal feed. Furthermore, E. crassipes is rich in diverse bioactive secondary metabolites including sterols, alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. These secondary metabolites are well known for a wide array of therapeutic properties. The findings of this review suggest that extracts and some isolated compounds from E. crassipes possess some pharmacological activities including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, skin whitening, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities, among other biological activities such as allelopathic, larvicidal, and insecticidal activities. The present review comprehensively summarizes the chemical composition of E. crassipes, reported to date, along with its traditional uses and pharmacological and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widad Ben Bakrim
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco
- AgroBioSciences Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Amine Ezzariai
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco
| | - Fadoua Karouach
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Mulugeta Kibret
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco
- Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- AgroBioSciences Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
- Laboratoire Biotechnologies Microbiennes, Agrosciences et Environnement (BioMagE), Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST N°4, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
- *Correspondence: Mohamed Hafidi,
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Yasri
- AgroBioSciences Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Rabat, Morocco
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9
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Development of poly(vinyl alcohol)/starch/ethyl lauroyl arginate blend films with enhanced antimicrobial and physical properties for active packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:389-397. [PMID: 34627849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Active packaging films have emerged as alternatives to replace petroleum-based packaging materials. In this work, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/starch/ethyl lauroyl arginate (LAE) films possessing enhanced properties were prepared. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that PVA and starch were compatible, the concentrations of LAE greatly affected the structural integrity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction showed that the inclusion of LAE did not significantly affect the intermolecular interactions and crystal structures of the polymer matrix. With an increase of the LAE content, the tensile strength (TS) was slightly decreased due to the altered microstructures, the elongation at break (EB) significantly increased ascribed to the synergistic effect of acetic acid, glycerol and LAE. The values of TS and EB were 17.25 MPa and 586.08%, respectively when LAE was 10%. Active films showed good barrier properties from UV while retaining the transmittance in the visible light region. The films containing 1% of LAE exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the inhibition zone of bacterial growth gradually expanded with increasing LAE content. This study demonstrates the potential of using LAE as the antibacterial agent for synthesizing natural-based polymeric films for active packaging applications.
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Birania S, Kumar S, Kumar N, Attkan AK, Panghal A, Rohilla P, Kumar R. Advances in development of biodegradable food packaging material from agricultural and
agro‐industry
waste. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Birania
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar Haryana India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- AICRP on Post Harvest Engineering & Technology (Hisar Centre), Department of Processing and Food Engineering College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar Haryana India
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar Haryana India
| | - Arun Kumar Attkan
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar Haryana India
| | - Anil Panghal
- AICRP on Post Harvest Engineering & Technology (Hisar Centre), Department of Processing and Food Engineering College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar Haryana India
| | - Priyanka Rohilla
- Centre of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar Haryana India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar Haryana India
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Characterization of Thermal Bio-Insulation Materials Based on Oil Palm Wood: The Effect of Hybridization and Particle Size. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193287. [PMID: 34641103 PMCID: PMC8512378 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil palm wood is the primary biomass waste produced from plantations, comprising up to 70% of the volume of trunks. It has been used in non-structural materials, such as plywood, lumber, and particleboard. However, one aspect has not been disclosed, namely, its use in thermal insulation materials. In this study, we investigated the thermal conductivity and the mechanical and physical properties of bio-insulation materials based on oil palm wood. The effects of hybridization and particle size on the properties of the panels were also evaluated. Oil palm wood and ramie were applied as reinforcements, and tapioca starch was applied as a bio-binder. Panels were prepared using a hot press at a temperature of 150 °C and constant pressure of 9.8 MPa. Thermal conductivity, bending strength, water absorption, dimensional stability, and thermogravimetric tests were performed to evaluate the properties of the panels. The results show that hybridization and particle size significantly affected the properties of the panels. The density and thermal conductivity of the panels were in the ranges of 0.66–0.79 g/cm3 and 0.067–0.154 W/mK, respectively. The least thermal conductivity, i.e., 0.067 W/mK, was obtained for the hybrid panels with coarse particles at density 0.66 g/cm3. The lowest water absorption (54.75%) and thickness swelling (18.18%) were found in the hybrid panels with fine particles. The observed mechanical properties were a bending strength of 11.49–18.15 MPa and a modulus of elasticity of 1864–3093 MPa. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that hybrid panels had better thermal stability than pure panels. Overall, the hybrid panels manufactured with a coarse particle size exhibited better thermal resistance and mechanical properties than did other panels. Our results show that oil palm wood wastes are a promising candidate for thermal insulation materials.
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Islam MN, Rahman F, Papri SA, Faruk MO, Das AK, Adhikary N, Debrot AO, Ahsan MN. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.) as an alternative raw material for the production of bio-compost and handmade paper. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 294:113036. [PMID: 34146933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water hyacinth (WH) is considered as the worst aquatic weed in the world because of its rapid growth and fast spread into new areas of fresh water bodies. We investigated the potentiality of using WH as a raw material for production of handmade paper and compost in Bangladesh. Potash pulping was done using potassium hydroxide (KOH) at different alkali concentrations (8-12%) with a liquor to solid ratio of 7:1 at 145 °C for 2 h. The pulp was bleached using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and pulp properties (brightness, tear index and tensile index) of bleached and unbleached pulps were analyzed following the respective TAPPI standards. The produced black liquor was mixed with WH along with kitchen bio-wastes to produce compost. The properties of the compost were tested following the published protocols, i.e., wet digestion, Kjeldahl, vanadomolybdophosphoric acid, and Flame Spectrophotometry methods. Brightness, tensile index and tear index of bleached hand sheets were found to be 37.2%, 49.2 N m/g and 6.79 m.Nm2/g, respectively suggesting significant contribution of bleaching on WH paper quality. Addition of black liquor significantly increased the nitrogen and potassium content of bio-waste compost. Thus, WH can be used as a raw material for making handmade paper while the process by-product can be supplemented to improve the nutritional quality of compost. Such cottage-industry fabrication of WH green products could be developed to control the infestation of WH in water bodies, and this technology may provide for new possible sustainable livelihood option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nazrul Islam
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
| | - Fatima Rahman
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Sumona Alom Papri
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md Omar Faruk
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Atanu Kumar Das
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nipa Adhikary
- Soil, Water and Environment Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Nazmul Ahsan
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
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Gardouh AR, Srag El-Din ASG, Salem MSH, Moustafa Y, Gad S. Starch Nanoparticles for Enhancement of Oral Bioavailability of a Newly Synthesized Thienopyrimidine Derivative with Anti-Proliferative Activity Against Pancreatic Cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:3071-3093. [PMID: 34305395 PMCID: PMC8292977 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s321962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This research aimed to improve water solubility and oral bioavailability of a newly synthesized thienopyrimidine derivative (TPD) with anti-pancreatic cancer activity by loading on starch nanoparticles (SNPs). Methods TPD was synthesized, purified and its ADME behavior was predicted using Swiss ADME software. A UV spectroscopy method was developed and validated to measure TPD concentration at various dosage forms. SNPs loaded with TPD (SNPs-TPD) were prepared, characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), entrapment efficiency, in-vitro release, and in-vivo animal study. Results The Swiss ADME results showed that TPD can be administered orally; however, it has low oral bioavailability (0.55) and poor water solubility. The significant regression coefficient of the calibration curve (r2 = 0.9995), the precision (%RSD < 0.5%) and the accuracy (99.46−101.72%) confirmed the efficacy of the developed UV method. SNPs-TPD had a spherical monodispersed (PDI= 0.12) shape, nanoparticle size (22.98 ± 4.23) and good stability (−21 ± 4.72 mV). Moreover, FT-IR and DSC revealed changes in the physicochemical structure of starch resulting in SNPs formation. The entrapment efficiency was 97% ± 0.45%, and the in-vitro release showed that the SNPs enhanced the solubility of the TPD. The in-vivo animal study and histopathology showed that SNPs enhanced the oral bioavailability of TPD against solid Ehrlich carcinoma. Conclusion SNPs-TPD were superior in drug solubility and oral bioavailability than those obtained from TPD suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Gardouh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid, 21110, Jordan
| | - Ahmed S G Srag El-Din
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science & Technology, Gamasa City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S H Salem
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.,The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yasser Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shadeed Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite Material for Product Design: A Short Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13121917. [PMID: 34207597 PMCID: PMC8228744 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural fibers have attracted great attention from industrial players and researchers for the exploitation of polymer composites because of their “greener” nature and contribution to sustainable practice. Various industries have shifted toward sustainable technology in order to improve the balance between the environment and social and economic concerns. This manuscript aims to provide a brief review of the development of the foremost natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite (NFRPC) product designs and their applications. The first part of the manuscript presents a summary of the background of various natural fibers and their composites in the context of engineering applications. The behaviors of NFPCs vary with fiber type, source, and structure. Several drawbacks of NFPCs, e.g., higher water absorption rate, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties, have limited their applications. This has necessitated the development of good practice in systematic engineering design in order to attain optimized NRPC products. Product design and manufacturing engineering need to move in a mutually considerate manner in order to produce successful natural fiber-based composite material products. The design process involves concept design, material selection, and finally, the manufacturing of the design. Numerous products have been commercialized using natural fibers, e.g., sports equipment, musical instruments, and electronic products. In the end, this review provides a guideline for the product design process based on natural fibers, which subsequently leads to a sustainable design.
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Harussani MM, Sapuan SM, Rashid U, Khalina A. Development and Characterization of Polypropylene Waste from Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)-Derived Char-Filled Sugar Palm Starch Biocomposite Briquettes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111707. [PMID: 34073691 PMCID: PMC8197149 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Slow pyrolysis using a batch reactor at 450 °C was applied to the polypropylene (PP) powder derived from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) isolation gown waste to yield char briquettes, using sugar palm starch (SPS) and a manual hydraulic press. These studies are significant because of reductions in plastic waste from the preparation of barbecue coal due to environmental sustainability. The results presented here include the physical, morphological, thermal, combustion, and mechanical properties of char when reinforced with various percentages of SPS loadings (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%), which act as a matrix/binder to produce char/sugar palm starch (C/SPS) composites. The physical and morphological characteristics of C/SPS composites were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). On the other hand, the thermal and combustion properties of the C/SPS briquettes were studied via thermogravimetric and bomb calorimeter analysis. The results show that the compressive strength of the briquettes increased as the SPS loading increased, whereas the higher heating values (HHV) reduced. The findings indicate that C-80/SPS-20 briquettes presented excellent combustion characteristics (1,761,430 J/g) with satisfactory mechanical strength (1.463 MPa) in the compression test. Thus, C-80/SPS-20 briquettes are the most suitable composites for domestic and commercial uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Harussani
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.); (U.R.)
| | - Umer Rashid
- Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.); (U.R.)
| | - A. Khalina
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Oyeoka HC, Ewulonu CM, Nwuzor IC, Obele CM, Nwabanne JT. Packaging and degradability properties of polyvinyl alcohol/gelatin nanocomposite films filled water hyacinth cellulose nanocrystals. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Ilyas R, Sapuan S, Harussani M, Hakimi M, Haziq M, Atikah M, Asyraf M, Ishak M, Razman M, Nurazzi N, Norrrahim M, Abral H, Asrofi M. Polylactic Acid (PLA) Biocomposite: Processing, Additive Manufacturing and Advanced Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1326. [PMID: 33919530 PMCID: PMC8072904 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, enthusiasm towards the manufacturing of biopolymers has attracted considerable attention due to the rising concern about depleting resources and worsening pollution. Among the biopolymers available in the world, polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the highest biopolymers produced globally and thus, making it suitable for product commercialisation. Therefore, the effectiveness of natural fibre reinforced PLA composite as an alternative material to substitute the non-renewable petroleum-based materials has been examined by researchers. The type of fibre used in fibre/matrix adhesion is very important because it influences the biocomposites' mechanical properties. Besides that, an outline of the present circumstance of natural fibre-reinforced PLA 3D printing, as well as its functions in 4D printing for applications of stimuli-responsive polymers were also discussed. This research paper aims to present the development and conducted studies on PLA-based natural fibre bio-composites over the last decade. This work reviews recent PLA-derived bio-composite research related to PLA synthesis and biodegradation, its properties, processes, challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - S.M. Sapuan
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.H.); (M.Y.A.Y.H.); (M.Z.M.H.)
| | - M.M. Harussani
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.H.); (M.Y.A.Y.H.); (M.Z.M.H.)
| | - M.Y.A.Y. Hakimi
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.H.); (M.Y.A.Y.H.); (M.Z.M.H.)
| | - M.Z.M. Haziq
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.H.); (M.Y.A.Y.H.); (M.Z.M.H.)
| | - M.S.N. Atikah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - M.R.M. Asyraf
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.R.M.A.); (M.R.I.)
| | - M.R. Ishak
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.R.M.A.); (M.R.I.)
| | - M.R. Razman
- Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N.M. Nurazzi
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - M.N.F. Norrrahim
- Research Center for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Hairul Abral
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia;
| | - Mochamad Asrofi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jember, Kampus Tegalboto, Jember 68121, East Java, Indonesia;
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Suriani MJ, Rapi HZ, Ilyas RA, Petrů M, Sapuan SM. Delamination and Manufacturing Defects in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Composite: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1323. [PMID: 33919480 PMCID: PMC8073675 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, most boat fabrication companies use 100% synthetic fiber-reinforced composite materials, due to their high performance of mechanical properties. In the new trend of research on the fabrication of boat structure using natural fiber hybrid with kevlar/fiberglass-reinforced composite, the result of tensile, bending, and impact strength showed that glass fiber-reinforced polyester composite gave high strength with increasing glass fiber contents. At some point, realizing the cost of synthetic fiber is getting higher, researchers today have started to use natural fibers that are seen as a more cost-effective option. Natural fibers, however, have some disadvantages, such as high moisture absorption, due to repelling nature; low wettability; low thermal stability; and quality variation, which lead to the degradation of composite properties. In recent times, hybridization is recommended by most researchers as a solution to natural fiber's weaknesses and to reduce the use of synthetic fibers that are not environmentally friendly. In addition, hybrid composite has its own special advantages, i.e., balanced strength and stiffness, reduced weight and cost, improved fatigue resistance and fracture toughness, and improved impact resistance. The synthetic-nature fiber hybrid composites are used in a variety of applications as a modern material that has attracted most manufacturing industries' attention to shift to using the hybrid composite. Some of the previous studies stated that delamination and manufacturing had influenced the performance of the hybrid composites. In order to expand the use of natural fiber as a successful reinforcement in hybrid composite, the factor that affects the manufacturing defects needs to be investigated. In this review paper, a compilation of the reviews on the delamination and a few common manufacturing defect types illustrating the overview of the impact on the mechanical properties encountered by most of the composite manufacturing industries are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Suriani
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia;
- Marine Materials Research Group, Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Hannah Zalifah Rapi
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia;
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Skudai, Johor 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Skudai, Johor 81310, Malaysia
| | - Michal Petrů
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic;
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
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Antimicrobial Edible Film Prepared from Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers/Starch/Chitosan for a Food Packaging Alternative. INT J POLYM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6641284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As a contribution to the growing demand for environmentally friendly food packaging films, this work produced and characterized a biocomposite of disintegrated bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers and tapioca starch/chitosan-based films. Ultrasonication dispersed all fillers throughout the film homogeneously. The highest fraction of dried BC nanofibers (0.136 g) in the film resulted in the maximum tensile strength of 4.7 MPa. 0.136 g BC nanofiber addition to the tapioca starch/chitosan matrix increased the thermal resistance (the temperature of maximum decomposition rate from 307 to 317°C), moisture resistance (after 8 h) by 8.9%, and water vapor barrier (24 h) by 27%. All chitosan-based films displayed antibacterial activity. This characterization suggests that this environmentally friendly edible biocomposite film is a potential candidate for applications in food packaging.
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Aaliya B, Sunooj KV, Lackner M. Biopolymer composites: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOBASED PLASTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24759651.2021.1881214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Aaliya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University , Puducherry, India
| | | | - Maximilian Lackner
- University of Applied Sciences FH Technikum Wien , Höchstädtplatz, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Ding L, Song S, Chen L, Shi J, Zhao B, Teng G, Zhang J. A freeze-thawing method applied to the fabrication of 3-d curdlan/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels as scaffolds for cell culture. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 174:101-109. [PMID: 33513424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an innovative composite hydrogel composed of curdlan (CD)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels with a 3-d network structure was successfully prepared by freeze-thaw processing. The presence of interactions, changes in crystallinity, and thermal behaviour were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetry (TGA and DTG), respectively. The morphology of the hydrogels was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With the increase of PVA concentration, the composite hydrogel had a greater mechanical strength while remaining remarkably ductile as evinced by tensile test results. PVA content affects the swelling and water retention of CD/PVA hydrogels. The results of CCK-8 assay showed that CD/PVA hydrogels have no cytotoxic effect on the mouse fibroblast L929 cells. The AO/EB double-staining experiment further proved that the cells in the composite hydrogels had good cytocompatibility. The porous biohydrogels developed in the present work can provide an ideal cell growth environment as a scaffold. CD/PVA hydrogels highlight the value of this system for cell adhesion and proliferation, and further soft tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- New Rural Development Research Institute of Northwest Normal University, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shen Song
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lele Chen
- New Rural Development Research Institute of Northwest Normal University, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jipeng Shi
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Baotang Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guixiang Teng
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- New Rural Development Research Institute of Northwest Normal University, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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Improvement of Biocomposite Properties Based Tapioca Starch and Sugarcane Bagasse Cellulose Nanofibers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.849.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biocomposite based tapioca starch (TS) and sugarcane bagasse cellulose nanofibers (SBCN) was made through casting method. SBCN was prepared by chemical and ultrasonication process. It was successfully displayed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) in range 20 - 45 nm. Meanwhile, particle size analysis (PSA) also supported the distribution diameter of SBCN for 59.75 ± 10.84 nm. SBCN and glycerol were used as reinforcement and plasticizer, respectively. The amount concentration of SBCN was varied from 0 to 8 wt%. Biocomposite was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tensile test. SEM image displays SBCN is in good interfacial bonding with the matrix. The highest tensile strength of biocomposite was in TS/4SBCN sample for 20.84 MPa. These results showed that SBCN fiber become potential candidate as reinforcement in biocomposite application.
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Mahardika M, Abral H, Kasim A, Arief S, Hafizulhaq F, Asrofi M. Properties of cellulose nanofiber/bengkoang starch bionanocomposites: Effect of fiber loading. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Dai Y, Qiu Y, Jin J, Jia Q, Sarsaiya S, Wang Z, Xin W, Chen J. Improving the properties of straw biomass rattan by corn starch. Bioengineered 2019; 10:659-667. [PMID: 31755373 PMCID: PMC8530272 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1688127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As a kind of renewable resource and natural biomass, starch has been widely used to substitute plastics in the modern industry and is regarded as one of the most promising biodegradable materials. The newly developmental rattan, straw biomass rattan (SBR) as weaving material, has been exploited as per our previous work, which possessed advantages of both natural rattan and pure plastic rattan. The main objective of the work was to improve the properties of SBR by corn starch (CS). Based on the manufacturing of the above composites, the experiments of SBR that enhanced with CS on mechanical properties, melting performance, hydroscopicity, thermogravimetric analysis, and microstructures were tested in this study. The results revealed that when the content of CS increased gradually within the range of 0, 3, 6, 9 12, and 15 wt.%, the mechanical properties and melt index of the composite both increased first and then decreased, with 6 to 12 wt.% as the optimal dosage range. In contrast, the water absorption of SBR kept increased in this range, indicating an easier biodegradable. With CS added, the microstructure of SBR was examined by scanning electron microscope and found the microscopic surfaces and sections to become smoother, and that could improve the compatibility and tenacity between the materials. As a result, CS in moderation can be used as a supplement to enhance SBR, and improve their characteristics which will enhance the mechanical properties of the composites for future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Dai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization (BIHU), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization (BIHU), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Junyang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization (BIHU), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization (BIHU), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Surendra Sarsaiya
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization (BIHU), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization (BIHU), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wang Xin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jishuang Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization (BIHU), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Syafri E, Wahono S, Irwan A, Asrofi M, Sari NH, Fudholi A. Characterization and properties of cellulose microfibers from water hyacinth filled sago starch biocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:119-125. [PMID: 31252021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cellulose microfibers (CMF) from water hyacinth (WH) fiber as a filler in sago starch (SS) biocomposites was investigated. The CMF was isolated by pulping, bleaching and acid hydrolysis methods. The addition of CMF in sago matrix was varied i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%. Biocomposites were made by using solution casting and glycerol as a plasticizer. The biocomposites were also determined by tensile test, FTIR, X-Ray, thermogravimetric, SEM, and soil burial tests. The results show that the SS15CMF sample has the highest tensile strength of 10.23 MPa than those other samples. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images show that the strong interaction was formed between CMF WH and matrix. Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) indicated that the functional group of biocomposites was a hydrophilic cluster. The addition of CMF WH in sago starch biocomposites lead to the moisture barrier, crystallinity, and thermal stability increased; it is due to the pure sago starch film was more rapidly degraded than its biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edi Syafri
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Agricultural Polytechnic, Payakumbuh, West Sumatra 26271, Indonesia.
| | - Sentot Wahono
- Department of Agriculture and Horticulture, Agricultural Polytechnic, Payakumbuh, West Sumatra 26271, Indonesia
| | - A Irwan
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Agricultural Polytechnic, Payakumbuh, West Sumatra 26271, Indonesia
| | - Mochamad Asrofi
- Laboratory of Material Testing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jember, Kampus Tegalboto, Jember 68121, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Nasmi Herlina Sari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mataram University, Jl. Majapahit No. 62, Mataram, NTB 83126, Indonesia.
| | - Ahmad Fudholi
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Abral H, Kadriadi, Mahardika M, Handayani D, Sugiarti E, Muslimin AN. Characterization of disintegrated bacterial cellulose nanofibers/PVA bionanocomposites prepared via ultrasonication. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:591-599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abral H, Soni Satria R, Mahardika M, Hafizulhaq F, Affi J, Asrofi M, Handayani D, Sapuan SM, Stephane I, Sugiarti E, Muslimin AN. Comparative Study of the Physical and Tensile Properties of Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus
) Starch Film Prepared Using Three Different Methods. STARCH-STARKE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201800224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hairul Abral
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Andalas University; 25163 Padang Sumatera Barat Indonesia
| | - Riyan Soni Satria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Andalas University; 25163 Padang Sumatera Barat Indonesia
| | - Melbi Mahardika
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Andalas University; 25163 Padang Sumatera Barat Indonesia
| | - Fadli Hafizulhaq
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Andalas University; 25163 Padang Sumatera Barat Indonesia
| | - Jon Affi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Andalas University; 25163 Padang Sumatera Barat Indonesia
| | - Mochamad Asrofi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Andalas University; 25163 Padang Sumatera Barat Indonesia
| | - Dian Handayani
- Laboratory of Sumatran Biota; Faculty of Pharmacy Andalas University; 25163 Padang Sumatera Barat Indonesia
| | - Salit M. Sapuan
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Universiti Putra Malaysia; 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ilfa Stephane
- Department of Information System; STMIK Indonesia Padang; Padang 25136 Indonesia
| | - Eni Sugiarti
- Laboratory of High-Temperature Coating; Research Center for Physics Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI); Serpong 15314 Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Novi Muslimin
- Laboratory of High-Temperature Coating; Research Center for Physics Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI); Serpong 15314 Indonesia
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Characterization of PVA/cassava starch biocomposites fabricated with and without sonication using bacterial cellulose fiber loadings. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 206:593-601. [PMID: 30553362 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the characterization of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/cassava starch biocomposites. The cassava starch gel with or without ultrasonic probe treatment was mixed with PVA gel then short bacterial cellulose fibers were added. The presence of the sonicated starch gel in the PVA resulted in low thermal and moisture resistance, and low transparency of the blend film. After adding the fibers thermal and moisture resistance of the sonicated biocomposite increased due to stronger hydrogen bonding between the fibers and the matrix. Tensile strength of sonicated biocomposite with 10 g fibers increased 215% compared to the sonicated blend. However, addition of the fibers to the non-sonicated blend did not significantly increase mechanical and thermal properties or moisture resistance of the biocomposite. Opacity of the non-sonicated biocomposite was lower than that of the sonicated one.
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Moisture Absorption and Opacity of Starch-Based Biocomposites Reinforced with Cellulose Fiber from Bengkoang. FIBERS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fib6030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose fiber was isolated from bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus) tuber peel. A suspension consisting of distilled water, starch, and glycerol was mixed with various cellulose loadings (0, 2, 6, and 10 g) then gelatinized using a hot plate with a magnetic stirrer. The biocomposite gel was sonicated using an ultrasonication probe (47.78 W/cm2 for 4 min). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs for the fracture surface of resulting biocomposite films displayed a rougher surface than starch film, indicating fiber dispersion in the matrix. The opacity and moisture resistance of biocomposite films increased with the addition of cellulose. The opacity was at a maximum value (243.05 AUnm) with 10 g fiber, which was 11.27% higher than the starch film without cellulose. Moisture absorption of this biocomposite was 16.79% lower than the starch film. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed this more hydrophobic nature with lower transmittance at –OH stretching in the composite than the starch film. The addition of cellulose fiber into the matrix also increased the crystallinity index.
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Mechanical Properties of a Water Hyacinth Nanofiber Cellulose Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch Bionanocomposite: Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration during Processing. FIBERS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fib6020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Production of Nanocellulose from Pineapple Leaf Fibers via High-Shear Homogenization and Ultrasonication. FIBERS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fib6020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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