1
|
Gene Therapy: Targeting Cardiomyocyte Proliferation to Repopulate the Ischemic Heart. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:346-360. [PMID: 34516452 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes show scarce division ability, which makes the heart ineffective in replacing lost contractile cells after ischemic cardiomyopathy. In the past decades, there have been increasing efforts in the search for novel strategies to regenerate the injured myocardium. Among them, gene therapy is one of the most promising ones, based on recent and emerging studies that support the fact that functional cardiomyocyte regeneration can be accomplished by the stimulation and enhancement of the endogenous ability of these cells to achieve cell division. This capacity can be targeted by stimulating several molecules, such as cell cycle regulators, noncoding RNAs, transcription, and metabolic factors. Therefore, the proposed target, together with the selection of the vector used, administration route, and the experimental animal model used in the development of the therapy would determine the success in the clinical field.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ebeid DE, Khalafalla FG, Broughton KM, Monsanto MM, Esquer CY, Sacchi V, Hariharan N, Korski KI, Moshref M, Emathinger J, Cottage CT, Quijada PJ, Nguyen JH, Alvarez R, Völkers M, Konstandin MH, Wang BJ, Firouzi F, Navarrete JM, Gude NA, Goumans MJ, Sussman MA. Pim1 maintains telomere length in mouse cardiomyocytes by inhibiting TGFβ signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:201-211. [PMID: 32176281 PMCID: PMC7797214 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Telomere attrition in cardiomyocytes is associated with decreased contractility, cellular senescence, and up-regulation of proapoptotic transcription factors. Pim1 is a cardioprotective kinase that antagonizes the aging phenotype of cardiomyocytes and delays cellular senescence by maintaining telomere length, but the mechanism remains unknown. Another pathway responsible for regulating telomere length is the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling pathway where inhibiting TGFβ signalling maintains telomere length. The relationship between Pim1 and TGFβ has not been explored. This study delineates the mechanism of telomere length regulation by the interplay between Pim1 and components of TGFβ signalling pathways in proliferating A549 cells and post-mitotic cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Telomere length was maintained by lentiviral-mediated overexpression of PIM1 and inhibition of TGFβ signalling in A549 cells. Telomere length maintenance was further demonstrated in isolated cardiomyocytes from mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of PIM1 and by pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ signalling. Mechanistically, Pim1 inhibited phosphorylation of Smad2, preventing its translocation into the nucleus and repressing expression of TGFβ pathway genes. CONCLUSION Pim1 maintains telomere lengths in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting phosphorylation of the TGFβ pathway downstream effectors Smad2 and Smad3, which prevents repression of telomerase reverse transcriptase. Findings from this study demonstrate a novel mechanism of telomere length maintenance and provide a potential target for preserving cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Ebeid
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Farid G Khalafalla
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Kathleen M Broughton
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Megan M Monsanto
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Carolina Y Esquer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Veronica Sacchi
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Nirmala Hariharan
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Kelli I Korski
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Maryam Moshref
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jacqueline Emathinger
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Christopher T Cottage
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Pearl J Quijada
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jonathan H Nguyen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mirko Völkers
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mathias H Konstandin
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Bingyan J Wang
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Fareheh Firouzi
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Julian M Navarrete
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Natalie A Gude
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Marie-Jose Goumans
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Z, Lv M, Wang X, Zhao Z, Jiang D, Wang L. LncRNA LUADT1 sponges miR-195 to prevent cardiac endothelial cell apoptosis in sepsis. Mol Med 2020; 26:112. [PMID: 33225891 PMCID: PMC7682058 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The oncogenic role of the newly identified lncRNA LUADT1 has been revealed in lung adenocarcinoma. It was reported that LUADT1 plays a critical role in multiple human diseases. This study was carried out to investigate the role of LUADT1 in sepsis. Methods Sixty patients with sepsis and sixty healthy volunteers were recruited for this study. Plasma samples were collected from all participants. Human primary coronary artery endothelial cells were also used in this study. The expression of Pim-1, miR-195 and LUADT1 were detected by RT-qPCR. The interaction between miR-195 and LUADT1 was determined by overexpression experiments and luciferase activity assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-related protein was detected by Western blotting. Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed the potential interaction between LUADT1 and miR-195, which was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. LUADT1 was downregulated in patients with sepsis. Moreover, LPS treatment downregulated the expression of LUADT1 in primary cardiac endothelial cells. Overexpression of LUADT1 and miR-195 did not affect the expression of each other in primary cardiac endothelial cells. Interestingly, overexpression of LUADT1 was found to upregulate the expression of Pim-1, a target of miR-195. In addition, it was found that overexpression of LUADT1 and Pim-1 reduced the enhancement effects of miR-195 on LPS-induced cardiac endothelial cell apoptosis. Conclusion In summary, LUADT1 may protect cardiac endothelial cells against apoptosis in sepsis by regulating the miR-195/Pim-1 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhu Lv
- Department of Children's Medical Center, Affliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Daolong Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cottage CT, Peterson N, Kearley J, Berlin A, Xiong X, Huntley A, Zhao W, Brown C, Migneault A, Zerrouki K, Criner G, Kolbeck R, Connor J, Lemaire R. Targeting p16-induced senescence prevents cigarette smoke-induced emphysema by promoting IGF1/Akt1 signaling in mice. Commun Biol 2019; 2:307. [PMID: 31428695 PMCID: PMC6689060 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a mechanism associated with aging that alters tissue regeneration by depleting the stem cell pool. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) displays hallmarks of senescence, including a diminished stem cell population. DNA damage from cigarette smoke (CS) induces senescence via the p16 pathway. This study evaluated the contribution of p16 to CS-associated lung pathologies. p16 expression was prominent in human COPD lungs compared with normal subjects. CS induces impaired pulmonary function, emphysema, and increased alveolar epithelial cell (AECII) senescence in wild-type mice, whereas CS-exposed p16-/- mice exhibit normal pulmonary function, reduced emphysema, diminished AECII senescence, and increased pro-growth IGF1 signaling, suggesting that improved lung function in p16-/- mice was due to increased alveolar progenitor cell proliferation. In conclusion, our study suggests that targeting senescence may facilitate alveolar regeneration in COPD emphysema by promoting IGF1 proliferative signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Cottage
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 United States
| | - Norman Peterson
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 United States
| | - Jennifer Kearley
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 United States
| | - Aaron Berlin
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 United States
| | - Ximing Xiong
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 United States
| | - Anna Huntley
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 United States
| | - Weiguang Zhao
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 United States
| | - Charles Brown
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 United States
| | - Annik Migneault
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 United States
| | - Kamelia Zerrouki
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 United States
| | | | - Roland Kolbeck
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 United States
| | - Jane Connor
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 United States
| | - Raphael Lemaire
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng Q, Xu J, Lin Z, Lu Y, Xin X, Li X, Yang Y, Meng Q, Wang C, Xiong W, Lu D. Inflammatory factor receptor Toll-like receptor 4 controls telomeres through heterochromatin protein 1 isoforms in liver cancer stem cell. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3246-3258. [PMID: 29602239 PMCID: PMC5980149 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) which acts as a receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been reported to be involved in carcinogenesis. However, the regulatory mechanism of it has not been elucidated. Herein, we demonstrate that TLR4 promotes the malignant growth of liver cancer stem cells. Mechanistically, TLR4 promotes the expression of histone-lysine N-methyltransferase (SUV39 h2) and increases the formation of trimethyl histone H3 lysine 9-heterochromatin protein 1-telomere repeat binding factor 2 (H3K9me3-HP1-TRF2) complex at the telomeric locus under mediation by long non coding RNA urothelial cancer-associated 1 (CUDR). At the telomeric locus, this complex promotes binding of POT1, pPOT1, Exo1, pExo1, SNM1B and pSNM1B but prevents binding of CST/AAF to telomere, thus controlling telomere and maintaining telomere length. Furthermore, TLR4 enhances interaction between HP1α and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT3b), which limits RNA polymerase II deposition on the telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) promoter region and its elongation, thus inhibiting transcription of TERRA. Ultimately, TLR4 enhances the telomerase activity by reducing the interplay between telomerase reverse transcriptase catalytic subunit (TERT) and TERRA. More importantly, our results reveal that tri-complexes of HP1 isoforms (α, β and γ) are required for the oncogenic action of TLR4. This study elucidates a novel protection mechanism of TLR4 in liver cancer stem cells and suggests that TLR4 can be used as a novel therapeutic target for liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Zheng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhuojia Lin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yanan Lu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoru Xin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qiuyu Meng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chen Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wujun Xiong
- Department of HepatologyShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Dongdong Lu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Matsumoto C, Jiang Y, Emathinger J, Quijada P, Nguyen N, De La Torre A, Moshref M, Nguyen J, Levinson AB, Shin M, Sussman MA, Hariharan N. Short Telomeres Induce p53 and Autophagy and Modulate Age-Associated Changes in Cardiac Progenitor Cell Fate. Stem Cells 2018; 36:868-880. [PMID: 29441645 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging severely limits myocardial repair and regeneration. Delineating the impact of age-associated factors such as short telomeres is critical to enhance the regenerative potential of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). We hypothesized that short telomeres activate p53 and induce autophagy to elicit the age-associated change in CPC fate. We isolated CPCs and compared mouse strains with different telomere lengths for phenotypic characteristics of aging. Wild mouse strain Mus musculus castaneus (CAST) possessing short telomeres exhibits early cardiac aging with cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and senescence, as compared with common lab strains FVB and C57 bearing longer telomeres. CAST CPCs with short telomeres demonstrate altered cell fate as characterized by cell cycle arrest, senescence, basal commitment, and loss of quiescence. Elongation of telomeres using a modified mRNA for telomerase restores youthful properties to CAST CPCs. Short telomeres induce autophagy in CPCs, a catabolic protein degradation process, as evidenced by reduced p62 and increased accumulation of autophagic puncta. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagosome formation reverses the cell fate to a more youthful phenotype. Mechanistically, cell fate changes induced by short telomeres are partially p53 dependent, as p53 inhibition rescues senescence and commitment observed in CAST CPCs, coincident with attenuation of autophagy. In conclusion, short telomeres activate p53 and autophagy to tip the equilibrium away from quiescence and proliferation toward differentiation and senescence, leading to exhaustion of CPCs. This study provides the mechanistic basis underlying age-associated cell fate changes that will enable identification of molecular strategies to prevent senescence of CPCs. Stem Cells 2018;36:868-880.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Collin Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Pearl Quijada
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nathalie Nguyen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Andrea De La Torre
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Maryam Moshref
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Nguyen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Aimee B Levinson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Minyoung Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nirmala Hariharan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chang ACY, Blau HM. Short telomeres - A hallmark of heritable cardiomyopathies. Differentiation 2018; 100:31-36. [PMID: 29482077 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and the incidence increases with age. Genetic testing has taught us much about the pathogenic pathways that drive heritable cardiomyopathies. Here we discuss an unexpected link between shortened telomeres, a molecular marker of aging, and genetic cardiomyopathy. Positioned at the ends of chromosomes, telomeres are DNA repeats which serve as protective caps that shorten with each cell division in proliferative tissues. Cardiomyocytes are an anomaly, as they are largely non-proliferative post-birth and retain relatively stable telomere lengths throughout life in healthy individuals. However, there is mounting evidence that in disease states, cardiomyocyte telomeres significantly shorten. Moreover, this shortening may play an active role in the development of mitochondrial dysfunction central to the etiology of dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. Elucidation of the mechanisms that underlie the telomere-mitochondrial signaling axis in the heart will provide fresh insights into our understanding of genetic cardiomyopathies, and could lead to the identification of previously uncharacterized modes of therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex C Y Chang
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
One out of every two men and one out of every three women greater than the age of 40 will experience an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at some time during their lifetime. As more patients survive their AMIs, the incidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) is increasing. 6 million people in the USA have ischemic cardiomyopathies and CHF. The search for new and innovative treatments for patients with AMI and CHF has led to investigations and use of human embryonic stem cells, cardiac stem/progenitor cells, bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells and mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of these heart conditions. This paper reviews current investigations with human embryonic, cardiac, bone marrow and mesenchymal stem cells, and also stem cell paracrine factors and exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Henning
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida & the James A Haley Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612-3805, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Booth SA, Charchar FJ. Cardiac telomere length in heart development, function, and disease. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:368-384. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00024.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are repetitive nucleoprotein structures at chromosome ends, and a decrease in the number of these repeats, known as a reduction in telomere length (TL), triggers cellular senescence and apoptosis. Heart disease, the worldwide leading cause of death, often results from the loss of cardiac cells, which could be explained by decreases in TL. Due to the cell-specific regulation of TL, this review focuses on studies that have measured telomeres in heart cells and critically assesses the relationship between cardiac TL and heart function. There are several lines of evidence that have identified rapid changes in cardiac TL during the onset and progression of heart disease as well as at critical stages of development. There are also many factors, such as the loss of telomeric proteins, oxidative stress, and hypoxia, that decrease cardiac TL and heart function. In contrast, antioxidants, calorie restriction, and exercise can prevent both cardiac telomere attrition and the progression of heart disease. TL in the heart is also indicative of proliferative potential and could facilitate the identification of cells suitable for cardiac rejuvenation. Although these findings highlight the involvement of TL in heart function, there are important questions regarding the validity of animal models, as well as several confounding factors, that need to be considered when interpreting results and planning future research. With these in mind, elucidating the telomeric mechanisms involved in heart development and the transition to disease holds promise to prevent cardiac dysfunction and potentiate regeneration after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Booth
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University Australia, Balllarat, Australia
| | - F. J. Charchar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University Australia, Balllarat, Australia
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kulandavelu S, Karantalis V, Fritsch J, Hatzistergos KE, Loescher VY, McCall F, Wang B, Bagno L, Golpanian S, Wolf A, Grenet J, Williams A, Kupin A, Rosenfeld A, Mohsin S, Sussman MA, Morales A, Balkan W, Hare JM. Pim1 Kinase Overexpression Enhances ckit + Cardiac Stem Cell Cardiac Repair Following Myocardial Infarction in Swine. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 68:2454-2464. [PMID: 27908351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pim1 kinase plays an important role in cell division, survival, and commitment of precursor cells towards a myocardial lineage, and overexpression of Pim1 in ckit+ cardiac stem cells (CSCs) enhances their cardioreparative properties. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to validate the effect of Pim1-modified CSCs in a translationally relevant large animal preclinical model of myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS Human cardiac stem cells (hCSCs, n = 10), hckit+ CSCs overexpressing Pim1 (Pim1+; n = 9), or placebo (n = 10) were delivered by intramyocardial injection to immunosuppressed Yorkshire swine (n = 29) 2 weeks after MI. Cardiac magnetic resonance and pressure volume loops were obtained before and after cell administration. RESULTS Whereas both hCSCs reduced MI size compared to placebo, Pim1+ cells produced a ∼3-fold greater decrease in scar mass at 8 weeks post-injection compared to hCSCs (-29.2 ± 2.7% vs. -8.4 ± 0.7%; p < 0.003). Pim1+ hCSCs also produced a 2-fold increase of viable mass compared to hCSCs at 8 weeks (113.7 ± 7.2% vs. 65.6 ± 6.8%; p <0.003), and a greater increase in regional contractility in both infarct and border zones (both p < 0.05). Both CSC types significantly increased ejection fraction at 4 weeks but this was only sustained in the Pim1+ group at 8 weeks compared to placebo. Both hCSC and Pim1+ hCSC treatment reduced afterload (p = 0.02 and p = 0.004, respectively). Mechanoenergetic recoupling was significantly greater in the Pim1+ hCSC group (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Pim1 overexpression enhanced the effect of intramyocardial delivery of CSCs to infarcted porcine hearts. These findings provide a rationale for genetic modification of stem cells and consequent translation to clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shathiyah Kulandavelu
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Vasileios Karantalis
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Julia Fritsch
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Viky Y Loescher
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Frederic McCall
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Bo Wang
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Luiza Bagno
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Samuel Golpanian
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ariel Wolf
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Justin Grenet
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Adam Williams
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Aaron Kupin
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Aaron Rosenfeld
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Biology Department and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Mark A Sussman
- Biology Department and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Azorides Morales
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Wayne Balkan
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kannappan R, Matsuda A, Ferreira-Martins J, Zhang E, Palano G, Czarna A, Cabral-Da-Silva MC, Bastos-Carvalho A, Sanada F, Ide N, Rota M, Blasco MA, Serrano M, Anversa P, Leri A. p53 Modulates the Fate of Cardiac Progenitor Cells Ex Vivo and in the Diabetic Heart In Vivo. EBioMedicine 2017; 16:224-237. [PMID: 28163043 PMCID: PMC5474510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is an important modulator of stem cell fate, but its role in cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) is unknown. Here, we tested the effects of a single extra-copy of p53 on the function of CPCs in the presence of oxidative stress mediated by doxorubicin in vitro and type-1 diabetes in vivo. CPCs were obtained from super-p53 transgenic mice (p53-tg), in which the additional allele is regulated in a manner similar to the endogenous protein. Old CPCs with increased p53 dosage showed a superior ability to sustain oxidative stress, repair DNA damage and restore cell division. With doxorubicin, a larger fraction of CPCs carrying an extra-copy of the p53 allele recruited γH2A.X reestablishing DNA integrity. Enhanced p53 expression resulted in a superior tolerance to oxidative stress in vivo by providing CPCs with defense mechanisms necessary to survive in the milieu of the diabetic heart; they engrafted in regions of tissue injury and in three days acquired the cardiomyocyte phenotype. The biological advantage provided by the increased dosage of p53 in CPCs suggests that this genetic strategy may be translated to humans to increase cellular engraftment and growth, critical determinants of successful cell therapy for the failing heart. p53 improves the ability of CPCs to sustain oxidative stress. p53 promotes the restoration of DNA integrity and cell division. p53 enhances the engraftment of CPCs in the diabetic heart.
Ongoing clinical trials with autologous cardiac stem cells (CSCs) are faced with a critical limitation which is related to the modest amount of retained cells within the damaged myocardium. We have developed a strategy that overcomes in part this problem enhancing the number of CSCs able to engraft within the pathologic organ. Additionally, these genetically modified CSCs can be generated in large number, raising the possibility that multiple temporally distinct deliveries of cells can be introduced to restore the structural and functional integrity of the decompensated heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramaswamy Kannappan
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alex Matsuda
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - João Ferreira-Martins
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric Zhang
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giorgia Palano
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Czarna
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mauricio Castro Cabral-Da-Silva
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adriana Bastos-Carvalho
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fumihiro Sanada
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Noriko Ide
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcello Rota
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Piero Anversa
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Annarosa Leri
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hinkel R. Pim1 Overexpressing ckit+ Cardiac Stem Cells in Cardiac Regeneration. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 68:2465-2466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
13
|
Cai B, Ma W, Bi C, Yang F, Zhang L, Han Z, Huang Q, Ding F, Li Y, Yan G, Pan Z, Yang B, Lu Y. Long noncoding RNA H19 mediates melatonin inhibition of premature senescence of c-kit(+) cardiac progenitor cells by promoting miR-675. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:82-95. [PMID: 27062045 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, possesses multiple biological activities such as antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-ischemia. C-kit(+) cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have emerged as a promising tool for the treatment of heart diseases. However, the senescence of CPCs due to pathological stimuli leads to the decline of CPCs' functions and regenerative potential. This study was conducted to demonstrate whether melatonin antagonizes the senescence of CPCs in response to oxidative stress. Here, we found that the melatonin treatment markedly inhibited the senescent characteristics of CPCs after exposed to sublethal concentration of H2 O2 , including the increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal)-positive CPCs, senescence-associated heterochromatin loci (SAHF), secretory IL-6 level, and the upregulation of p53 and p21 proteins. Senescence-associated proliferation reduction was also attenuated by melatonin in CPCs. Luzindole, the melatonin membrane receptor blocker, may block the melatonin-mediated suppression of premature senescence in CPCs. Interestingly, we found that long noncoding RNA H19 and its derived miR-675 were downregulated by H2 O2 in CPCs, but melatonin treatment could counter this alteration. Furthermore, knockdown of H19 or miR-675 blocked antisenescence actions of melatonin on H2 O2 -treated CPCs. It was further verified that H19-derived miR-675 targeted at the 3'UTR of USP10, which resulted in the downregulation of p53 and p21 proteins. In summary, melatonin antagonized premature senescence of CPCs via H19/miR-675/USP10 pathway, which provides new insights into pharmacological actions and potential applications of melatonin on the senescence of CPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benzhi Cai
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenya Ma
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chongwei Bi
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenbo Han
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengzhi Ding
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Gege Yan
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Melbourne School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
p53 downregulates the Fanconi anaemia DNA repair pathway. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11091. [PMID: 27033104 PMCID: PMC4821997 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations affecting telomere maintenance or DNA repair may, respectively, cause dyskeratosis congenita or Fanconi anaemia, two clinically related bone marrow failure syndromes. Mice expressing p53Δ31, a mutant p53 lacking the C terminus, model dyskeratosis congenita. Accordingly, the increased p53 activity in p53Δ31/Δ31 fibroblasts correlated with a decreased expression of 4 genes implicated in telomere syndromes. Here we show that these cells exhibit decreased mRNA levels for additional genes contributing to telomere metabolism, but also, surprisingly, for 12 genes mutated in Fanconi anaemia. Furthermore, p53Δ31/Δ31 fibroblasts exhibit a reduced capacity to repair DNA interstrand crosslinks, a typical feature of Fanconi anaemia cells. Importantly, the p53-dependent downregulation of Fanc genes is largely conserved in human cells. Defective DNA repair is known to activate p53, but our results indicate that, conversely, an increased p53 activity may attenuate the Fanconi anaemia DNA repair pathway, defining a positive regulatory feedback loop. P53 is regarded as the guardian of the genome, however it is known that mice with increased p53 activity display characteristics of dyskeratosis congenita. Here the authors show that increased p53 activity leads to the repression of telomere maintenance and DNA repair genes.
Collapse
|
15
|
Samse K, Hariharan N, Sussman MA. Personalizing cardiac regenerative therapy: At the heart of Pim1 kinase. Pharmacol Res 2015; 103:13-6. [PMID: 26563999 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During cardiac aging, DNA damage and environmental stressors contribute to telomeric shortening and human cardiac progenitor cells acquire a senescent phenotype that leads to decreased stem cell function. Reversion of this phenotype through genetic modification is essential to advance regenerative therapy. Studies in the cardiac specific overexpression and subcellular targeting of Pim1 kinase demonstrate its influence on regeneration, proliferation, survival, metabolism and senescence. The cardioprotective effects of Pim1 modification can be picked apart and enhanced by targeting the kinase to distinct subcellular compartments, allowing for selection of specific phenotypic traits after molecular modification. In this perspective, we examine the therapeutic implications of Pim1 to encourage the personalization of cardiac regenerative therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlen Samse
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Nirmala Hariharan
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Mark A Sussman
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Abstract
Despite the increasing use of stem cells for regenerative-based cardiac therapy, the optimal stem cell population(s) remains in a cloud of uncertainty. In the past decade, the field has witnessed a surge of researchers discovering stem cell populations reported to directly and/or indirectly contribute to cardiac regeneration through processes of cardiomyogenic commitment and/or release of cardioprotective paracrine factors. This review centers upon defining basic biological characteristics of stem cells used for sustaining cardiac integrity during disease and maintenance of communication between the cardiac environment and stem cells. Given the limited successes achieved so far in regenerative therapy, the future requires development of unprecedented concepts involving combinatorial approaches to create and deliver the optimal stem cell(s) that will enhance myocardial healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Quijada
- Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nigro P, Perrucci GL, Gowran A, Zanobini M, Capogrossi MC, Pompilio G. c-kit(+) cells: the tell-tale heart of cardiac regeneration? Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1725-40. [PMID: 25575564 PMCID: PMC11113938 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Although ongoing therapeutic strategies ameliorate symptoms and prolong life for patients with cardiovascular diseases, they do not solve the critical issue related to the loss of cardiac tissue. Accordingly, stem/progenitor cell therapy has emerged as a paramount approach for cardiac repair and regeneration. In this regard, c-kit(+) cells have animated much interest and controversy. These cells are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent and display a noteworthy potential to differentiate into all cardiovascular lineages. However, their functional contribution to cardiomyocyte turnover is one of the centrally debated issues concerning their regenerative potential. Regardless, plentiful preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted which provide evidence for the capacity of c-kit(+) cells to improve cardiac function. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive, impartial, critical description and evaluation of the literature on c-kit(+) cells from bench to bedside in order to address their true potential, benefits and controversies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Nigro
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Samse K, Emathinger J, Hariharan N, Quijada P, Ilves K, Völkers M, Ormachea L, De La Torre A, Orogo AM, Alvarez R, Din S, Mohsin S, Monsanto M, Fischer KM, Dembitsky WP, Gustafsson ÅB, Sussman MA. Functional Effect of Pim1 Depends upon Intracellular Localization in Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13935-47. [PMID: 25882843 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.617431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPC) improve heart function after autologous transfer in heart failure patients. Regenerative potential of hCPCs is severely limited with age, requiring genetic modification to enhance therapeutic potential. A legacy of work from our laboratory with Pim1 kinase reveals effects on proliferation, survival, metabolism, and rejuvenation of hCPCs in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that subcellular targeting of Pim1 bolsters the distinct cardioprotective effects of this kinase in hCPCs to increase proliferation and survival, and antagonize cellular senescence. Adult hCPCs isolated from patients undergoing left ventricular assist device implantation were engineered to overexpress Pim1 throughout the cell (PimWT) or targeted to either mitochondrial (Mito-Pim1) or nuclear (Nuc-Pim1) compartments. Nuc-Pim1 enhances stem cell youthfulness associated with decreased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, preserved telomere length, reduced expression of p16 and p53, and up-regulation of nucleostemin relative to PimWT hCPCs. Alternately, Mito-Pim1 enhances survival by increasing expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and decreasing cell death after H2O2 treatment, thereby preserving mitochondrial integrity superior to PimWT. Mito-Pim1 increases the proliferation rate by up-regulation of cell cycle modulators Cyclin D, CDK4, and phospho-Rb. Optimal stem cell traits such as proliferation, survival, and increased youthful properties of aged hCPCs are enhanced after targeted Pim1 localization to mitochondrial or nuclear compartments. Targeted Pim1 overexpression in hCPCs allows for selection of the desired phenotypic properties to overcome patient variability and improve specific stem cell characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlen Samse
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Jacqueline Emathinger
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Nirmala Hariharan
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Pearl Quijada
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Kelli Ilves
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Mirko Völkers
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Lucia Ormachea
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Andrea De La Torre
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Amabel M Orogo
- the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, and
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Shabana Din
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Megan Monsanto
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Kimberlee M Fischer
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | | | - Åsa B Gustafsson
- the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, and
| | - Mark A Sussman
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cardiac aging - Getting to the stem of the problem. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 83:32-6. [PMID: 25886698 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac aging is a heterogeneous process caused by a combination of stochastic events which manifests as loss of structure and function in the heart, however several recent studies draw attention to aging being primarily a stem cell problem. This review summarizes findings in support of the "stem cell hypothesis of aging" and discusses the impact of age on cardiac stem cells and the niche. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'CV Aging'.
Collapse
|
21
|
García AN, Sanz-Ruiz R, Santos MEF, Fernández-Avilés F. “Second-generation” stem cells for cardiac repair. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:352-367. [PMID: 25815120 PMCID: PMC4369492 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i2.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, stem cell therapy has emerged as an inspiring alternative to restore cardiac function after myocardial infarction. A large body of evidence has been obtained in this field but there is no conclusive data on the efficacy of these treatments. Preclinical studies and early reports in humans have been encouraging and have fostered a rapid clinical translation, but positive results have not been uniformly observed and when present, they have been modest. Several types of stem cells, manufacturing methods and delivery routes have been tested in different clinical settings but direct comparison between them is challenging and hinders further research. Despite enormous achievements, major barriers have been found and many fundamental issues remain to be resolved. A better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms implicated in cardiac development and myocardial regeneration is critically needed to overcome some of these hurdles. Genetic and pharmacological priming together with the discovery of new sources of cells have led to a “second generation” of cell products that holds an encouraging promise in cardiovascular regenerative medicine. In this report, we review recent advances in this field focusing on the new types of stem cells that are currently being tested in human beings and on the novel strategies employed to boost cell performance in order to improve cardiac function and outcomes after myocardial infarction.
Collapse
|
22
|
Hariharan N, Quijada P, Mohsin S, Joyo A, Samse K, Monsanto M, De La Torre A, Avitabile D, Ormachea L, McGregor MJ, Tsai EJ, Sussman MA. Nucleostemin rejuvenates cardiac progenitor cells and antagonizes myocardial aging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:133-47. [PMID: 25593054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional decline in stem cell-mediated regeneration contributes to aging associated with cellular senescence in c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). Clinical implementation of CPC-based therapy in elderly patients would benefit tremendously from understanding molecular characteristics of senescence to antagonize aging. Nucleostemin (NS) is a nucleolar protein regulating stem cell proliferation and pluripotency. OBJECTIVES This study sought to demonstrate that NS preserves characteristics associated with "stemness" in CPCs and antagonizes myocardial senescence and aging. METHODS CPCs isolated from human fetal (fetal human cardiac progenitor cell [FhCPC]) and adult failing (adult human cardiac progenitor cell [AhCPC]) hearts, as well as young (young cardiac progenitor cell [YCPC]) and old mice (old cardiac progenitor cell [OCPC]), were studied for senescence characteristics and NS expression. Heterozygous knockout mice with 1 functional allele of NS (NS+/-) were used to demonstrate that NS preserves myocardial structure and function and slows characteristics of aging. RESULTS NS expression is decreased in AhCPCs relative to FhCPCs, correlating with lowered proliferation potential and shortened telomere length. AhCPC characteristics resemble those of OCPCs, which have a phenotype induced by NS silencing, resulting in cell flattening, senescence, multinucleated cells, decreased S-phase progression, diminished expression of stemness markers, and up-regulation of p53 and p16. CPC senescence resulting from NS loss is partially p53 dependent and is rescued by concurrent silencing of p53. Mechanistically, NS induction correlates with Pim-1 kinase-mediated stabilization of c-Myc. Engineering OCPCs and AhCPCs to overexpress NS decreases senescent and multinucleated cells, restores morphology, and antagonizes senescence, thereby preserving phenotypic properties of "stemness." Early cardiac aging with a decline in cardiac function, an increase in senescence markers p53 and p16, telomere attrition, and accompanied CPC exhaustion is evident in NS+/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Youthful properties and antagonism of senescence in CPCs and the myocardium are consistent with a role for NS downstream from Pim-1 signaling that enhances cardiac regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Hariharan
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Pearl Quijada
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Anya Joyo
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Kaitlen Samse
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Megan Monsanto
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Andrea De La Torre
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Daniele Avitabile
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ormachea
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Michael J McGregor
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Emily J Tsai
- Section in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark A Sussman
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Goichberg P, Chang J, Liao R, Leri A. Cardiac stem cells: biology and clinical applications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:2002-17. [PMID: 24597850 PMCID: PMC4208604 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Heart disease is the primary cause of death in the industrialized world. Cardiac failure is dictated by an uncompensated reduction in the number of viable and fully functional cardiomyocytes. While current pharmacological therapies alleviate the symptoms associated with cardiac deterioration, heart transplantation remains the only therapy for advanced heart failure. Therefore, there is a pressing need for novel therapeutic modalities. Cell-based therapies involving cardiac stem cells (CSCs) constitute a promising emerging approach for the replenishment of the lost tissue and the restoration of cardiac contractility. RECENT ADVANCES CSCs reside in the adult heart and govern myocardial homeostasis and repair after injury by producing new cardiomyocytes and vascular structures. In the last decade, different classes of immature cells expressing distinct stem cell markers have been identified and characterized in terms of their growth properties, differentiation potential, and regenerative ability. Phase I clinical trials, employing autologous CSCs in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, are being completed with encouraging results. CRITICAL ISSUES Accumulating evidence concerning the role of CSCs in heart regeneration imposes a reconsideration of the mechanisms of cardiac aging and the etiology of heart failure. Deciphering the molecular pathways that prevent activation of CSCs in their environment and understanding the processes that affect CSC survival and regenerative function with cardiac pathologies, commonly accompanied by alterations in redox conditions, are of great clinical importance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further investigations of CSC biology may be translated into highly effective and novel therapeutic strategies aiming at the enhancement of the endogenous healing capacity of the diseased heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polina Goichberg
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang H, Wang H, Li N, Duan CE, Yang YJ. Cardiac progenitor/stem cells on myocardial infarction or ischemic heart disease: what we have known from current research. Heart Fail Rev 2014; 19:247-58. [PMID: 23381197 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-013-9372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has become a promising method for many diseases, including ischemic heart disease and heart failure. Several kinds of stem cells have been studied for heart diseases. Of them, bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), which have been used in many clinical trials, are the most understood one. But the effect of BMSCs is mediated by paracrine factors instead of direct turning into cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, a lot of evidences have shown that resident cardiac stem cells could turn into cardiomyocytes directly in vivo. Currently, seven kinds of resident cardiac stem cells have been discovered. However, their mechanisms, development origins, and relationships have yet to be fully understood. Moreover, two Phase I clinical trials have been performed recently. They show promising results. In this review, we will summarize the current research on these cardiac stem cells and the methods to enhance their effects in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Din S, Konstandin MH, Johnson B, Emathinger J, Völkers M, Toko H, Collins B, Ormachea L, Samse K, Kubli DA, De La Torre A, Kraft AS, Gustafsson AB, Kelly DP, Sussman MA. Metabolic dysfunction consistent with premature aging results from deletion of Pim kinases. Circ Res 2014; 115:376-87. [PMID: 24916111 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.304441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The senescent cardiac phenotype is accompanied by changes in mitochondrial function and biogenesis causing impairment in energy provision. The relationship between myocardial senescence and Pim kinases deserves attention because Pim-1 kinase is cardioprotective, in part, by preservation of mitochondrial integrity. Study of the pathological effects resulting from genetic deletion of all Pim kinase family members could provide important insight about cardiac mitochondrial biology and the aging phenotype. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate that myocardial senescence is promoted by loss of Pim leading to premature aging and aberrant mitochondrial function. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac myocyte senescence was evident at 3 months in Pim triple knockout mice, where all 3 isoforms of Pim kinase family members are genetically deleted. Cellular hypertrophic remodeling and fetal gene program activation were followed by heart failure at 6 months in Pim triple knockout mice. Metabolic dysfunction is an underlying cause of cardiac senescence and instigates a decline in cardiac function. Altered mitochondrial morphology is evident consequential to Pim deletion together with decreased ATP levels and increased phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase, exposing an energy deficiency in Pim triple knockout mice. Expression of the genes encoding master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) coactivator-1 α and β, was diminished in Pim triple knockout hearts, as were downstream targets included in mitochondrial energy transduction, including fatty acid oxidation. Reversal of the dysregulated metabolic phenotype was observed by overexpressing c-Myc (Myc proto-oncogene protein), a downstream target of Pim kinases. CONCLUSIONS Pim kinases prevent premature cardiac aging and maintain a healthy pool of functional mitochondria leading to efficient cellular energetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Din
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Mathias H Konstandin
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Bevan Johnson
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Jacqueline Emathinger
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Mirko Völkers
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Haruhiro Toko
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Brett Collins
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Lucy Ormachea
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Kaitlen Samse
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Dieter A Kubli
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Andrea De La Torre
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Andrew S Kraft
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Asa B Gustafsson
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Mark A Sussman
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.).
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The discovery of adult cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and their potential to restore functional cardiac tissue has fueled unprecedented interest in recent years. Indeed, stem-cell–based therapies have the potential to transform the treatment and prognosis of heart failure, for they have the potential to eliminate the underlying cause of the disease by reconstituting the damaged heart with functional cardiac cells. Over the last decade, several independent laboratories have demonstrated the utility of c-kit+/Lin- resident CSCs in alleviating left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in animal models of acute and chronic myocardial infarction. Recently, the first clinical trial of autologous CSCs for treatment of heart failure resulting from ischemic heart disease (Stem Cell Infusion in Patients with Ischemic cardiOmyopathy [SCIPIO]) has been conducted, and the interim results are quite promising. In this phase I trial, no adverse effects attributable to the CSC treatment have been noted, and CSC-treated patients showed a significant improvement in ejection fraction at 1 year (+13.7 absolute units versus baseline), accompanied by a 30.2 % reduction in infarct size. Moreover, the CSC-induced enhancement in cardiac structure and function was associated with a significant improvement in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class and in the quality of life, as measured by the Minnesota Living with Heart failure Questionnaire. These results are exciting and warrant larger, phase II studies. However, CSC therapy for cardiac repair is still in its infancy, and many hurdles need to be overcome to further enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung U Hong
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Siddiqi S, Sussman MA. Cell and gene therapy for severe heart failure patients: the time and place for Pim-1 kinase. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 11:949-57. [PMID: 23984924 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2013.814830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative therapy in severe heart failure patients presents a challenging set of circumstances including a damaged myocardial environment that accelerates senescence in myocytes and cardiac progenitor cells. Failing myocardium suffers from deterioration of contractile function coupled with impaired regenerative potential that drives the heart toward decompensation. Efficacious regenerative cell therapy for severe heart failure requires disruption of this vicious circle that can be accomplished by alteration of the compromised myocyte phenotype and rejuvenation of progenitor cells. This review focuses upon potential for Pim-1 kinase to mitigate chronic heart failure by improving myocyte quality through preservation of mitochondrial integrity, prevention of hypertrophy and inhibition of apoptosis. In addition, cardiac progenitors engineered with Pim-1 possess enhanced regenerative potential, making Pim-1 an important player in future treatment of severe heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sailay Siddiqi
- Department of Biology and Heart Institute, Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Avoiding healthy cells extinction in a cancer model. J Theor Biol 2014; 349:74-81. [PMID: 24512918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We consider a dynamical model of cancer growth including three interacting cell populations of tumor cells, healthy host cells and immune effector cells. For certain parameter choice, the dynamical system displays chaotic motion and by decreasing the response of the immune system to the tumor cells, a boundary crisis leading to transient chaotic dynamics is observed. This means that the system behaves chaotically for a finite amount of time until the unavoidable extinction of the healthy and immune cell populations occurs. Our main goal here is to apply a control method to avoid extinction. For that purpose, we apply the partial control method, which aims to control transient chaotic dynamics in the presence of external disturbances. As a result, we have succeeded to avoid the uncontrolled growth of tumor cells and the extinction of healthy tissue. The possibility of using this method compared to the frequently used therapies is discussed.
Collapse
|
29
|
McGregor M, Hariharan N, Joyo AY, Margolis RL, Sussman MA. CENP-A is essential for cardiac progenitor cell proliferation. Cell Cycle 2013; 13:739-48. [PMID: 24362315 PMCID: PMC3979910 DOI: 10.4161/cc.27549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Centromere protein A (CENP-A) is a homolog of histone H3 that epigenetically marks the heterochromatin of chromosomes. CENP-A is a critical component of the cell cycle machinery that is necessary for proper assembly of the mitotic spindle. However, the role of CENP-A in the heart and cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) has not been previously studied. This study shows that CENP-A is expressed in CPCs and declines with age. Silencing CENP-A results in a decreased CPC growth rate, reduced cell number in phase G2/M of the cell cycle, and increased senescence associated β-galactosidase activity. Lineage commitment is not affected by CENP-A silencing, suggesting that cell cycle arrest induced by loss of CENP-A is a consequence of senescence and not differentiation. CENP-A knockdown does not exacerbate cell death in undifferentiated CPCs, but increases apoptosis upon lineage commitment. Taken together, these results indicate that CPCs maintain relatively high levels of CENP-A early in life, which is necessary for sustaining proliferation, inhibiting senescence, and promoting survival following differentiation of CPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael McGregor
- San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology; San Diego State University; San Diego, CA USA
| | - Nirmala Hariharan
- San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology; San Diego State University; San Diego, CA USA
| | - Anya Y Joyo
- San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology; San Diego State University; San Diego, CA USA
| | | | - Mark A Sussman
- San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology; San Diego State University; San Diego, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mohsin S, Khan M, Nguyen J, Alkatib M, Siddiqi S, Hariharan N, Wallach K, Monsanto M, Gude N, Dembitsky W, Sussman MA. Rejuvenation of human cardiac progenitor cells with Pim-1 kinase. Circ Res 2013; 113:1169-79. [PMID: 24044948 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.302302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Myocardial function is enhanced by adoptive transfer of human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) into a pathologically challenged heart. However, advanced age, comorbidities, and myocardial injury in patients with heart failure constrain the proliferation, survival, and regenerative capacity of hCPCs. Rejuvenation of senescent hCPCs will improve the outcome of regenerative therapy for a substantial patient population possessing functionally impaired stem cells. OBJECTIVE Reverse phenotypic and functional senescence of hCPCs by ex vivo modification with Pim-1. METHODS AND RESULTS C-kit-positive hCPCs were isolated from heart biopsy samples of patients undergoing left ventricular assist device implantation. Growth kinetics, telomere lengths, and expression of cell cycle regulators showed significant variation between hCPC isolated from multiple patients. Telomere length was significantly decreased in hCPC with slow-growth kinetics concomitant with decreased proliferation and upregulation of senescent markers compared with hCPC with fast-growth kinetics. Desirable youthful characteristics were conferred on hCPCs by genetic modification using Pim-1 kinase, including increases in proliferation, telomere length, survival, and decreased expression of senescence markers. CONCLUSIONS Senescence characteristics of hCPCs are ameliorated by Pim-1 kinase resulting in rejuvenation of phenotypic and functional properties. hCPCs show improved cellular properties resulting from Pim-1 modification, but benefits were more pronounced in hCPC with slow-growth kinetics relative to hCPC with fast-growth kinetics. With the majority of patients with heart failure presenting advanced age, infirmity, and impaired regenerative capacity, the use of Pim-1 modification should be incorporated into cell-based therapeutic approaches to broaden inclusion criteria and address limitations associated with the senescent phenotype of aged hCPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Mohsin
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, CA, and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|