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Nandy K, Babu D, Rani S, Joshi G, Ijee S, George A, Palani D, Premkumar C, Rajesh P, Vijayanand S, David E, Murugesan M, Velayudhan SR. Efficient gene editing in induced pluripotent stem cells enabled by an inducible adenine base editor with tunable expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21953. [PMID: 38081875 PMCID: PMC10713686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The preferred method for disease modeling using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is to generate isogenic cell lines by correcting or introducing pathogenic mutations. Base editing enables the precise installation of point mutations at specific genomic locations without the need for deleterious double-strand breaks used in the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing methods. We created a bulk population of iPSCs that homogeneously express ABE8e adenine base editor enzyme under a doxycycline-inducible expression system at the AAVS1 safe harbor locus. These cells enabled fast, efficient and inducible gene editing at targeted genomic regions, eliminating the need for single-cell cloning and screening to identify those with homozygous mutations. We could achieve multiplex genomic editing by creating homozygous mutations in very high efficiencies at four independent genomic loci simultaneously in AAVS1-iABE8e iPSCs, which is highly challenging with previously described methods. The inducible ABE8e expression system allows editing of the genes of interest within a specific time window, enabling temporal control of gene editing to study the cell or lineage-specific functions of genes and their molecular pathways. In summary, the inducible ABE8e system provides a fast, efficient and versatile gene-editing tool for disease modeling and functional genomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittika Nandy
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru, India), Christian Medical College, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632002, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632115, India
| | - Dinesh Babu
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru, India), Christian Medical College, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - Sonam Rani
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru, India), Christian Medical College, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632002, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632115, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Smitha Ijee
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru, India), Christian Medical College, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632002, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632115, India
| | - Anila George
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru, India), Christian Medical College, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632002, India
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Dhavapriya Palani
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru, India), Christian Medical College, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - Chitra Premkumar
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru, India), Christian Medical College, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - Praveena Rajesh
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru, India), Christian Medical College, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - S Vijayanand
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632115, India
| | - Ernest David
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632115, India
| | - Mohankumar Murugesan
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru, India), Christian Medical College, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - Shaji R Velayudhan
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru, India), Christian Medical College, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632002, India.
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India.
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2
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Ware CB, Jonlin EC, Anderson DJ, Cavanaugh C, Hesson J, Sidhu S, Cook S, Villagomez-Olea G, Horwitz MS, Wang Y, Mathieu J. Derivation of Naïve Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using a CHK1 Inhibitor. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2980-2990. [PMID: 37702917 PMCID: PMC10662141 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic development is a continuum in vivo. Transcriptional analysis can separate established human embryonic stem cells (hESC) into at least four distinct developmental pluripotent stages, two naïve and two primed, early and late relative to the intact epiblast. In this study we primarily show that exposure of frozen human blastocysts to an inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) upon thaw greatly enhances establishment of karyotypically normal late naïve hESC cultures. These late naïve cells are plastic and can be toggled back to early naïve and forward to early primed pluripotent stages. The early primed cells are transcriptionally equivalent to the post inner cell mass intermediate (PICMI) stage seen one day following transfer of human blastocysts into in vitro culture and are stable at an earlier stage than conventional primed hESC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol B Ware
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Erica C Jonlin
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Donovan J Anderson
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christopher Cavanaugh
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jennifer Hesson
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Sonia Sidhu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Savannah Cook
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Guillermo Villagomez-Olea
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marshall S Horwitz
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Julie Mathieu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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3
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Martínez-Balsalobre E, Guervilly JH, van Asbeck-van der Wijst J, Pérez-Oliva AB, Lachaud C. Beyond current treatment of Fanconi Anemia: What do advances in cell and gene-based approaches offer? Blood Rev 2023; 60:101094. [PMID: 37142543 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited disorder that mainly affects the bone marrow. This condition causes decreased production of all types of blood cells. FA is caused by a defective repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks and to date, mutations in over 20 genes have been linked to the disease. Advances in science and molecular biology have provided new insight between FA gene mutations and the severity of clinical manifestations. Here, we will highlight the current and promising therapeutic options for this rare disease. The current standard treatment for FA patients is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a treatment associated to exposure to radiation or chemotherapy, immunological complications, plus opportunistic infections from prolonged immune incompetence or increased risk of morbidity. New arising treatments include gene addition therapy, genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease, and hematopoietic stem cell generation from induced pluripotent stem cells. Finally, we will also discuss the revolutionary developments in mRNA therapeutics as an opportunity for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martínez-Balsalobre
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Aix-Marseille Univ., Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Hugues Guervilly
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Aix-Marseille Univ., Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Ana Belén Pérez-Oliva
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Christophe Lachaud
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Aix-Marseille Univ., Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France.
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4
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Xu L, Xu W, Li D, Yu X, Gao F, Qin Y, Yang Y, Zhao S. FANCI plays an essential role in spermatogenesis and regulates meiotic histone methylation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:780. [PMID: 34373449 PMCID: PMC8353022 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
FANCI is an essential component of Fanconi anemia pathway, which is responsible for the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs). As an evolutionarily related partner of FANCD2, FANCI functions together with FANCD2 downstream of FA core complex. Currently, growing evidences showed that the essential role of FA pathway in male fertility. However, the underlying mechanisms for FANCI in regulating spermatogenesis remain unclear. In the present study, we found that the male Fanci−/− mice were sterile and exhibited abnormal spermatogenesis, including massive germ cell apoptosis in seminiferous tubules and dramatically decreased number of sperms in epididymis. Besides, FANCI deletion impaired maintenance of undifferentiated spermatogonia. Further investigation indicated that FANCI was essential for FANCD2 foci formation and regulated H3K4 and H3K9 methylation on meiotic sex chromosomes. These findings elucidate the role and mechanism of FANCI during spermatogenesis in mice and provide new insights into the etiology and molecular basis of nonobstructive azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Duan Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China. .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
| | - Shidou Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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5
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Ruiz-Torres S, Brusadelli MG, Witte DP, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Sauter S, Nelson AS, Sertorio M, Chlon TM, Lane A, Mehta PA, Myers KC, Bedard MC, Pal B, Supp DM, Lambert PF, Komurov K, Kovacic MB, Davies SM, Wells SI. Inherited DNA Repair Defects Disrupt the Structure and Function of Human Skin. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:424-435.e6. [PMID: 33232662 PMCID: PMC7935766 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a global public health burden originating in epidermal stem and progenitor cells (ESPCs) of the skin and mucosa. To understand how genetic risk factors contribute to SCC, studies of ESPC biology are imperative. Children with Fanconi anemia (FA) are a paradigm for extreme SCC susceptibility caused by germline loss-of-function mutations in FA DNA repair pathway genes. To discover epidermal vulnerabilities, patient-derived pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) conditional for the FA pathway were differentiated into ESPCs and PSC-derived epidermal organotypic rafts (PSC-EORs). FA PSC-EORs harbored diminished cell-cell junctions and increased proliferation in the basal cell compartment. Furthermore, desmosome and hemidesmosome defects were identified in the skin of FA patients, and these translated into accelerated blistering following mechanically induced stress. Together, we demonstrate that a critical DNA repair pathway maintains the structure and function of human skin and provide 3D epidermal models wherein SCC prevention can now be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Ruiz-Torres
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | - David P Witte
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kathryn A Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Sharon Sauter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Adam S Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mathieu Sertorio
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Timothy M Chlon
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Adam Lane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Parinda A Mehta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kasiani C Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mary C Bedard
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Bidisha Pal
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Dorothy M Supp
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kakajan Komurov
- Division of Oncology Discovery, Champions Oncology, Inc., University Plaza Dr #307, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Melinda Butsch Kovacic
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Rehabilitative, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Stella M Davies
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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6
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Donada A, Basso-Valentina F, Arkoun B, Monte-Mor B, Plo I, Raslova H. Induced pluripotent stem cells and hematological malignancies: A powerful tool for disease modeling and drug development. Stem Cell Res 2020; 49:102060. [PMID: 33142254 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The derivation of human pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines by in vitro reprogramming of somatic cells revolutionized research: iPSCs have been used for disease modeling, drug screening and regenerative medicine for many disorders, especially when combined with cutting-edge genome editing technologies. In hematology, malignant transformation is often a multi-step process, that starts with either germline or acquired genetic alteration, followed by progressive acquisition of mutations combined with the selection of one or more pre-existing clones. iPSCs are an excellent model to study the cooperation between different genetic alterations and to test relevant therapeutic drugs. In this review, we will describe the use of iPSCs for pathophysiological studies and drug testing in inherited and acquired hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Donada
- INSERM, UMR1287, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée LNCC, Villejuif, France
| | - F Basso-Valentina
- INSERM, UMR1287, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée LNCC, Villejuif, France
| | - B Arkoun
- INSERM, UMR1287, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée LNCC, Villejuif, France
| | - B Monte-Mor
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I Plo
- INSERM, UMR1287, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée LNCC, Villejuif, France
| | - H Raslova
- INSERM, UMR1287, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée LNCC, Villejuif, France.
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7
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An induced pluripotent stem cell model of Fanconi anemia reveals mechanisms of p53-driven progenitor cell differentiation. Blood Adv 2020; 4:4679-4692. [PMID: 33002135 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a disorder of DNA repair that manifests as bone marrow (BM) failure. The lack of accurate murine models of FA has refocused efforts toward differentiation of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) to hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). However, an intact FA DNA repair pathway is required for efficient IPSC derivation, hindering these efforts. To overcome this barrier, we used inducible complementation of FANCA-deficient IPSCs, which permitted robust maintenance of IPSCs. Modulation of FANCA during directed differentiation to HPCs enabled the production of FANCA-deficient human HPCs that recapitulated FA genotoxicity and hematopoietic phenotypes relative to isogenic FANCA-expressing HPCs. FANCA-deficient human HPCs underwent accelerated terminal differentiation driven by activation of p53/p21. We identified growth arrest specific 6 (GAS6) as a novel target of activated p53 in FANCA-deficient HPCs and modulate GAS6 signaling to rescue hematopoiesis in FANCA-deficient cells. This study validates our strategy to derive a sustainable, highly faithful human model of FA, uncovers a mechanism of HPC exhaustion in FA, and advances toward future cell therapy in FA.
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8
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Zhou S, Feng S, Qin W, Wang X, Tang Y, Yuan S. Epigenetic Regulation of Spermatogonial Stem Cell Homeostasis: From DNA Methylation to Histone Modification. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:562-580. [PMID: 32939648 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs)are the ultimate germline stem cells with the potential of self-renewal and differentiation, and a dynamic balance of SSCs play an essential role in spermatogenesis. During the gene expression process, genomic DNA and nuclear protein, working together, contribute to SSC homeostasis. Recently, emerging studies have shown that epigenome-related molecules such as chromatin modifiers play an important role in SSC homeostasis through regulating target gene expression. Here, we focus on two types of epigenetic events, including DNA methylation and histone modification, and summarize their function in SSC homeostasis. Understanding the molecular mechanism during SSC homeostasis will promote the recognition of epigenetic biomarkers in male infertility, and bring light into therapies of infertile patients.Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenglei Feng
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Weibing Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, 510500, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunge Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, 510500, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shuiqiao Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China. .,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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9
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited disease that is associated with bone marrow failure and a predisposition to cancer. Previous clinical trials emphasized the difficulties that accompany the use of gene therapy to treat bone marrow failure in patients with FA. Nevertheless, the discovery of new drugs that can efficiently mobilize hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the development of optimized procedures for transducing HSCs, using safe, integrative vectors, markedly improved the efficiency by which the phenotype of hematopoietic repopulating cells from patients with FA can be corrected. In addition, these achievements allowed the demonstration of the in vivo proliferation advantage of gene-corrected FA repopulating cells in immunodeficient mice. Significantly, new gene therapy trials are currently ongoing to investigate the progressive restoration of hematopoiesis in patients with FA by gene-corrected autologous HSCs. Further experimental studies are focused on the ex vivo transduction of unpurified FA HSCs, using new pseudotyped vectors that have HSC tropism. Because of the resistance of some of these vectors to serum complement, new strategies for in vivo gene therapy for FA HSCs are in development. Finally, because of the rapid advancements in gene-editing techniques, correction of CD34+ cells isolated from patients with FA is now feasible, using gene-targeting strategies. Taken together, these advances indicate that gene therapy can soon be used as an efficient and safe alternative for the hematopoietic treatment of patients with FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Río
- 1 Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Madrid, Spain .,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain; and Madrid, Spain .,3 Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Navarro
- 1 Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Madrid, Spain .,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain; and Madrid, Spain .,3 Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Bueren
- 1 Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Madrid, Spain .,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain; and Madrid, Spain .,3 Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD) , Madrid, Spain
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10
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Georgomanoli M, Papapetrou EP. Modeling blood diseases with human induced pluripotent stem cells. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/6/dmm039321. [PMID: 31171568 PMCID: PMC6602313 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are derived from somatic cells through a reprogramming process, which converts them to a pluripotent state, akin to that of embryonic stem cells. Over the past decade, iPSC models have found increasing applications in the study of human diseases, with blood disorders featuring prominently. Here, we discuss methodological aspects pertaining to iPSC generation, hematopoietic differentiation and gene editing, and provide an overview of uses of iPSCs in modeling the cell and gene therapy of inherited genetic blood disorders, as well as their more recent use as models of myeloid malignancies. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of iPSCs compared to model organisms and other cellular systems commonly used in hematology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Georgomanoli
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eirini P Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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11
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Mani C, Reddy PH, Palle K. DNA repair fidelity in stem cell maintenance, health, and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165444. [PMID: 30953688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are a sub population of cell types that form the foundation of our body, and have the potential to replicate, replenish and repair limitlessly to maintain the tissue and organ homeostasis. Increased lifetime and frequent replication set them vulnerable for both exogenous and endogenous agents-induced DNA damage compared to normal cells. To counter these damages and preserve genetic information, stem cells have evolved with various DNA damage response and repair mechanisms. Furthermore, upon experiencing irreparable DNA damage, stem cells mostly prefer early senescence or apoptosis to avoid the accumulation of damages. However, the failure of these mechanisms leads to various diseases, including cancer. Especially, given the importance of stem cells in early development, DNA repair deficiency in stem cells leads to various disabilities like developmental delay, premature aging, sensitivity to DNA damaging agents, degenerative diseases, etc. In this review, we have summarized the recent update about how DNA repair mechanisms are regulated in stem cells and their association with disease progression and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnadurai Mani
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Centre, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States of America
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Centre, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States of America
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Centre, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States of America.
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12
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Karagiannis P, Takahashi K, Saito M, Yoshida Y, Okita K, Watanabe A, Inoue H, Yamashita JK, Todani M, Nakagawa M, Osawa M, Yashiro Y, Yamanaka S, Osafune K. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Use in Human Models of Disease and Development. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:79-114. [PMID: 30328784 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of somatic cell nuclear transfer proved that somatic cells can carry the same genetic code as the zygote, and that activating parts of this code are sufficient to reprogram the cell to an early developmental state. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) nearly half a century later provided a molecular mechanism for the reprogramming. The initial creation of iPSCs was accomplished by the ectopic expression of four specific genes (OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, and c-Myc; OSKM). iPSCs have since been acquired from a wide range of cell types and a wide range of species, suggesting a universal molecular mechanism. Furthermore, cells have been reprogrammed to iPSCs using a myriad of methods, although OSKM remains the gold standard. The sources for iPSCs are abundant compared with those for other pluripotent stem cells; thus the use of iPSCs to model the development of tissues, organs, and other systems of the body is increasing. iPSCs also, through the reprogramming of patient samples, are being used to model diseases. Moreover, in the 10 years since the first report, human iPSCs are already the basis for new cell therapies and drug discovery that have reached clinical application. In this review, we examine the generation of iPSCs and their application to disease and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Karagiannis
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Megumu Saito
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yoshida
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Keisuke Okita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Jun K Yamashita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Masaya Todani
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Masato Nakagawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Yoshimi Yashiro
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
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13
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Elbadry MI, Espinoza JL, Nakao S. Disease modeling of bone marrow failure syndromes using iPSC-derived hematopoietic stem progenitor cells. Exp Hematol 2019; 71:32-42. [PMID: 30664904 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The plasticity of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with the potential to differentiate into virtually any type of cells and the feasibility of generating hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) from patient-derived iPSCs (iPSC-HSPCs) has many potential applications in hematology. For example, iPSC-HSPCs are being used for leukemogenesis studies and their application in various cell replacement therapies is being evaluated. The use of iPSC-HSPCs can now provide an invaluable resource for the study of diseases associated with the destruction of HSPCs, such as bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFSs). Recent studies have shown that generating iPSC-HSPCs from patients with acquired aplastic anemia and other BMFSs is not only feasible, but is also a powerful tool for understanding the pathogenesis of these disorders. In this article, we highlight recent advances in the application of iPSCs for disease modeling of BMFSs and discuss the discoveries of these studies that provide new insights in the pathophysiology of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud I Elbadry
- Hematology/Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt
| | - J Luis Espinoza
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakao
- Hematology/Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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14
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Durbin MD, Cadar AG, Chun YW, Hong CC. Investigating pediatric disorders with induced pluripotent stem cells. Pediatr Res 2018; 84:499-508. [PMID: 30065271 PMCID: PMC6265074 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study of disease pathophysiology has long relied on model systems, including animal models and cultured cells. In 2006, Shinya Yamanaka achieved a breakthrough by reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This revolutionary discovery provided new opportunities for disease modeling and therapeutic intervention. With established protocols, investigators can generate iPSC lines from patient blood, urine, and tissue samples. These iPSCs retain ability to differentiate into every human cell type. Advances in differentiation and organogenesis move cellular in vitro modeling to a multicellular model capable of recapitulating physiology and disease. Here, we discuss limitations of traditional animal and tissue culture models, as well as the application of iPSC models. We highlight various techniques, including reprogramming strategies, directed differentiation, tissue engineering, organoid developments, and genome editing. We extensively summarize current established iPSC disease models that utilize these techniques. Confluence of these technologies will advance our understanding of pediatric diseases and help usher in new personalized therapies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Durbin
- Department of Pediatrics – Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Adrian G. Cadar
- Departments of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Young W. Chun
- Department of Medicine - Cardiovascular Medicine Division University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Charles C. Hong
- Department of Medicine - Cardiovascular Medicine Division University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
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15
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Kim H, Schaniel C. Modeling Hematological Diseases and Cancer With Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2243. [PMID: 30323816 PMCID: PMC6172418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) together with recent advances in genome editing, microphysiological systems, tissue engineering and xenograft models present new opportunities for the investigation of hematological diseases and cancer in a patient-specific context. Here we review the progress in the field and discuss the advantages, limitations, and challenges of iPSC-based malignancy modeling. We will also discuss the use of iPSCs and its derivatives as cellular sources for drug target identification, drug development and evaluation of pharmacological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huensuk Kim
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christoph Schaniel
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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16
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Kurre P. Hematopoietic development: a gap in our understanding of inherited bone marrow failure. Exp Hematol 2017; 59:1-8. [PMID: 29248612 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) represent a heterogeneous group of multisystem disorders that typically present with cytopenia in early childhood. Efforts to understand the underlying hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) losses have generally focused on postnatal hematopoiesis. However, reflecting the role of many of the involved genes in core cellular functions and the diverse nonhematologic abnormalities seen in patients at birth, studies have begun to explore IBMFS manifestations during fetal development. Here, I consider the current evidence for fetal deficits in the HSC pool and highlight emerging concepts regarding the origins and unique pathophysiology of hematopoietic failure in IBMFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kurre
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Pediatric Blood & Cancer Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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17
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Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line that mimics the disease phenotypes from a patient with Fanconi anemia by conditional complementation. Stem Cell Res 2017; 20:54-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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18
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Hayashi Y. Human Mutations Affecting Reprogramming into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/celltissue.2017.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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19
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Adam S, Melguizo Sanchis D, El-Kamah G, Samarasinghe S, Alharthi S, Armstrong L, Lako M. Concise Review: Getting to the Core of Inherited Bone Marrow Failures. Stem Cells 2016; 35:284-298. [PMID: 27870251 PMCID: PMC5299470 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS) are a group of disorders with complex pathophysiology characterized by a common phenotype of peripheral cytopenia and/or hypoplastic bone marrow. Understanding genetic factors contributing to the pathophysiology of BMFS has enabled the identification of causative genes and development of diagnostic tests. To date more than 40 mutations in genes involved in maintenance of genomic stability, DNA repair, ribosome and telomere biology have been identified. In addition, pathophysiological studies have provided insights into several biological pathways leading to the characterization of genotype/phenotype correlations as well as the development of diagnostic approaches and management strategies. Recent developments in bone marrow transplant techniques and the choice of conditioning regimens have helped improve transplant outcomes. However, current morbidity and mortality remain unacceptable underlining the need for further research in this area. Studies in mice have largely been unable to mimic disease phenotype in humans due to difficulties in fully replicating the human mutations and the differences between mouse and human cells with regard to telomere length regulation, processing of reactive oxygen species and lifespan. Recent advances in induced pluripotency have provided novel insights into disease pathogenesis and have generated excellent platforms for identifying signaling pathways and functional mapping of haplo‐insufficient genes involved in large‐scale chromosomal deletions–associated disorders. In this review, we have summarized the current state of knowledge in the field of BMFS with specific focus on modeling the inherited forms and how to best utilize these models for the development of targeted therapies. Stem Cells2017;35:284–298
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheir Adam
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Hematology Department, Medical School, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | | | - Ghada El-Kamah
- Division of Human Genetics & Genome Research, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sujith Samarasinghe
- Department of Hematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sameer Alharthi
- Princess Al Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, KSA
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
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20
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Overcoming Pluripotent Stem Cell Dependence on the Repair of Endogenous DNA Damage. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:44-54. [PMID: 26771352 PMCID: PMC4719133 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) maintain a low mutation frequency compared with somatic cell types at least in part by preferentially utilizing error-free homologous recombination (HR) for DNA repair. Many endogenous metabolites cause DNA interstrand crosslinks, which are repaired by the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway using HR. To determine the effect of failed repair of endogenous DNA lesions on PSC biology, we generated iPSCs harboring a conditional FA pathway. Upon FA pathway loss, iPSCs maintained pluripotency but underwent profound G2 arrest and apoptosis, whereas parental fibroblasts grew normally. Mechanistic studies revealed that G2-phase FA-deficient iPSCs possess large γH2AX-RAD51 foci indicative of accrued DNA damage, which correlated with activated DNA-damage signaling through CHK1. CHK1 inhibition specifically rescued the growth of FA-deficient iPSCs for prolonged culture periods, surprisingly without stimulating excessive karyotypic abnormalities. These studies reveal that PSCs possess hyperactive CHK1 signaling that restricts their self-renewal in the absence of error-free DNA repair. Self-renewal but not pluripotency of iPSCs depends on FA pathway function Hyperactive CHK1 limits self-renewal in a conditional FA-deficient iPSC model CHK1 inhibition rescues long-term growth of FA-deficient iPSCs
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21
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High-Fidelity Reprogrammed Human IPSCs Have a High Efficacy of DNA Repair and Resemble hESCs in Their MYC Transcriptional Signature. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3826249. [PMID: 27688775 PMCID: PMC5023833 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3826249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are reprogrammed from adult or progenitor somatic cells and must make substantial adaptations to ensure genomic stability in order to become "embryonic stem cell- (ESC-) like." The DNA damage response (DDR) is critical for maintenance of such genomic integrity. Herein, we determined whether cell of origin and reprogramming method influence the DDR of hiPSCs. We demonstrate that hiPSCs derived from cord blood (CB) myeloid progenitors (i.e., CB-iPSC) via an efficient high-fidelity stromal-activated (sa) method closely resembled hESCs in DNA repair gene expression signature and irradiation-induced DDR, relative to hiPSCs generated from CB or fibroblasts via standard methods. Furthermore, sa-CB-iPSCs also more closely resembled hESCs in accuracy of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, and C-MYC transcriptional signatures, relative to standard hiPSCs. Our data suggests that hiPSCs derived via more efficient reprogramming methods possess more hESC-like activated MYC signatures and DDR signaling. Thus, an authentic MYC molecular signature may serve as an important biomarker in characterizing the genomic integrity in hiPSCs.
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22
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Halevy T, Akov S, Bohndorf M, Mlody B, Adjaye J, Benvenisty N, Goldberg M. Chromosomal Instability and Molecular Defects in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome Patients. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2499-511. [PMID: 27545893 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) results from the absence of the NBS1 protein, responsible for detection of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). NBS is characterized by microcephaly, growth retardation, immunodeficiency, and cancer predisposition. Here, we show successful reprogramming of NBS fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells (NBS-iPSCs). Our data suggest a strong selection for karyotypically normal fibroblasts to go through the reprogramming process. NBS-iPSCs then acquire numerous chromosomal aberrations and show a delayed response to DSB induction. Furthermore, NBS-iPSCs display slower growth, mitotic inhibition, a reduced apoptotic response to stress, and abnormal cell-cycle-related gene expression. Importantly, NBS neural progenitor cells (NBS-NPCs) show downregulation of neural developmental genes, which seems to be mediated by P53. Our results demonstrate the importance of NBS1 in early human development, shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying this severe syndrome, and further expand our knowledge of the genomic stress cells experience during the reprogramming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Halevy
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Shira Akov
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Martina Bohndorf
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Mlody
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Michal Goldberg
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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23
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Bluteau D, Masliah-Planchon J, Clairmont C, Rousseau A, Ceccaldi R, Dubois d'Enghien C, Bluteau O, Cuccuini W, Gachet S, Peffault de Latour R, Leblanc T, Socié G, Baruchel A, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, D'Andrea AD, Soulier J. Biallelic inactivation of REV7 is associated with Fanconi anemia. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3580-4. [PMID: 27500492 DOI: 10.1172/jci88010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a recessive genetic disease characterized by congenital abnormalities, chromosome instability, progressive bone marrow failure (BMF), and a strong predisposition to cancer. Twenty FA genes have been identified, and the FANC proteins they encode cooperate in a common pathway that regulates DNA crosslink repair and replication fork stability. We identified a child with severe BMF who harbored biallelic inactivating mutations of the translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) gene REV7 (also known as MAD2L2), which encodes the mutant REV7 protein REV7-V85E. Patient-derived cells demonstrated an extended FA phenotype, which included increased chromosome breaks and G2/M accumulation upon exposure to DNA crosslinking agents, γH2AX and 53BP1 foci accumulation, and enhanced p53/p21 activation relative to cells derived from healthy patients. Expression of WT REV7 restored normal cellular and functional phenotypes in the patient's cells, and CRISPR/Cas9 inactivation of REV7 in a non-FA human cell line produced an FA phenotype. Finally, silencing Rev7 in primary hematopoietic cells impaired progenitor function, suggesting that the DNA repair defect underlies the development of BMF in FA. Taken together, our genetic and functional analyses identified REV7 as a previously undescribed FA gene, which we term FANCV.
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24
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Soria-Valles C, López-Otín C. iPSCs: On the Road to Reprogramming Aging. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:713-724. [PMID: 27286740 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by irreversible loss of physiological integrity, often accompanied by an organism's loss of function and increased vulnerability to death. Defects in the mechanisms preserving cellular homeostasis over time may give rise to accelerated aging. Somatic cell reprogramming of aged cells can be associated with rejuvenation, erasing certain age-associated features, and illustrating the reversibility potential of aging. Here, we focus on recent advances in the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from progeroid syndromes and late-onset diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. These cellular models have contributed to a better understanding of such pathologies, as well as to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. We also discuss different strategies to identify and target age-associated reprogramming barriers to facilitate the treatment of age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Soria-Valles
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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25
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Gene correction in patient-specific iPSCs for therapy development and disease modeling. Hum Genet 2016; 135:1041-58. [PMID: 27256364 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent and the development of engineered endonucleases for enhancing genome editing are two of the most exciting and impactful technology advances in modern medicine and science. Human pluripotent stem cells have the potential to establish new model systems for studying human developmental biology and disease mechanisms. Gene correction in patient-specific iPSCs can also provide a novel source for autologous cell therapy. Although historically challenging, precise genome editing in human iPSCs is becoming more feasible with the development of new genome-editing tools, including ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR. iPSCs derived from patients of a variety of diseases have been edited to correct disease-associated mutations and to generate isogenic cell lines. After directed differentiation, many of the corrected iPSCs showed restored functionality and demonstrated their potential in cell replacement therapy. Genome-wide analyses of gene-corrected iPSCs have collectively demonstrated a high fidelity of the engineered endonucleases. Remaining challenges in clinical translation of these technologies include maintaining genome integrity of the iPSC clones and the differentiated cells. Given the rapid advances in genome-editing technologies, gene correction is no longer the bottleneck in developing iPSC-based gene and cell therapies; generating functional and transplantable cell types from iPSCs remains the biggest challenge needing to be addressed by the research field.
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Fu L, Xu X, Ren R, Wu J, Zhang W, Yang J, Ren X, Wang S, Zhao Y, Sun L, Yu Y, Wang Z, Yang Z, Yuan Y, Qiao J, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Qu J, Liu GH. Modeling xeroderma pigmentosum associated neurological pathologies with patients-derived iPSCs. Protein Cell 2016; 7:210-21. [PMID: 26874523 PMCID: PMC4791426 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a group of genetic disorders caused by mutations of XP-associated genes, resulting in impairment of DNA repair. XP patients frequently exhibit neurological degeneration, but the underlying mechanism is unknown, in part due to lack of proper disease models. Here, we generated patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) harboring mutations in five different XP genes including XPA, XPB, XPC, XPG, and XPV. These iPSCs were further differentiated to neural cells, and their susceptibility to DNA damage stress was investigated. Mutation of XPA in either neural stem cells (NSCs) or neurons resulted in severe DNA damage repair defects, and these neural cells with mutant XPA were hyper-sensitive to DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Thus, XP-mutant neural cells represent valuable tools to clarify the molecular mechanisms of neurological abnormalities in the XP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Fu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiuling Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ruotong Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,FSU-CAS Innovation Institute, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) Campus de los Jerónimos, Nº 135 Guadalupe 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,FSU-CAS Innovation Institute, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Jiping Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Si Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ze Yang
- Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,FSU-CAS Innovation Institute, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China. .,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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27
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KRISHNAN SP. Induced pluripotent stem cells: methods, disease modeling, and microenvironment for drug discovery and screening. Turk J Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1507-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Dong H, Nebert DW, Bruford EA, Thompson DC, Joenje H, Vasiliou V. Update of the human and mouse Fanconi anemia genes. Hum Genomics 2015; 9:32. [PMID: 26596371 PMCID: PMC4657327 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-015-0054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a recessively inherited disease manifesting developmental abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and increased risk of malignancies. Whereas FA has been studied for nearly 90 years, only in the last 20 years have increasing numbers of genes been implicated in the pathogenesis associated with this genetic disease. To date, 19 genes have been identified that encode Fanconi anemia complementation group proteins, all of which are named or aliased, using the root symbol “FANC.” Fanconi anemia subtype (FANC) proteins function in a common DNA repair pathway called “the FA pathway,” which is essential for maintaining genomic integrity. The various FANC mutant proteins contribute to distinct steps associated with FA pathogenesis. Herein, we provide a review update of the 19 human FANC and their mouse orthologs, an evolutionary perspective on the FANC genes, and the functional significance of the FA DNA repair pathway in association with clinical disorders. This is an example of a set of genes––known to exist in vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, and yeast––that are grouped together on the basis of shared biochemical and physiological functions, rather than evolutionary phylogeny, and have been named on this basis by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Dong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, 06250, USA
| | - Daniel W Nebert
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0056, USA
| | - Elspeth A Bruford
- HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC), European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Practice, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Hans Joenje
- Department of Clinical Genetics and the Cancer Center Amsterdam/VUmc Institute for Cancer and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, 06250, USA.
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Modeling Human Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes Using Pluripotent Stem Cells and Genome Engineering. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1832-42. [PMID: 26435409 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of epigenetic reprogramming with advanced genome editing technologies opened a new avenue to study disease mechanisms, particularly of disorders with depleted target tissue. Bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS) typically present with a marked reduction of peripheral blood cells due to a destroyed or dysfunctional bone marrow compartment. Somatic and germline mutations have been etiologically linked to many cases of BMFS. However, without the ability to study primary patient material, the exact pathogenesis for many entities remained fragmentary. Capturing the pathological genotype in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) allows studying potential developmental defects leading to a particular phenotype. The lack of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in these patients can also be overcome by differentiating patient-derived iPSCs into hematopoietic lineages. With fast growing genome editing techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas9, correction of disease-causing mutations in iPSCs or introduction of mutations in cells from healthy individuals enable comparative studies that may identify other genetic or epigenetic events contributing to a specific disease phenotype. In this review, we present recent progresses in disease modeling of inherited and acquired BMFS using reprogramming and genome editing techniques. We also discuss the challenges and potential shortcomings of iPSC-based models for hematological diseases.
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González F, Huangfu D. Mechanisms underlying the formation of induced pluripotent stem cells. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 5:39-65. [PMID: 26383234 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer unique opportunities for studying human biology, modeling diseases, and therapeutic applications. The simplest approach so far to generate human PSC lines is through reprogramming of somatic cells from an individual by defined factors, referred to simply as reprogramming. Reprogramming circumvents the ethical controversies associated with human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and nuclear transfer hESCs (nt-hESCs), and the resulting induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) retain the same basic genetic makeup as the somatic cell used for reprogramming. Since the first report of iPSCs by Takahashi and Yamanaka (Cell 2006, 126:663-676), the molecular mechanisms of reprogramming have been extensively investigated. A better mechanistic understanding of reprogramming is fundamental not only to iPSC biology and improving the quality of iPSCs for therapeutic use, but also to our understanding of the molecular basis of cell identity, pluripotency, and plasticity. Here, we summarize the genetic, epigenetic, and cellular events during reprogramming, and the roles of various factors identified thus far in the reprogramming process. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:39-65. doi: 10.1002/wdev.206 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico González
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danwei Huangfu
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Bogliolo M, Surrallés J. Fanconi anemia: a model disease for studies on human genetics and advanced therapeutics. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2015; 33:32-40. [PMID: 26254775 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is characterized by bone marrow failure, malformations, and chromosome fragility. We review the recent discovery of FA genes and efforts to develop genetic therapies for FA in the last five years. Because current data exclude FANCM as an FA gene, 15 genes remain bona fide FA genes and three (FANCO, FANCR and FANCS) cause an FA like syndrome. Monoallelic mutations in 6 FA associated genes (FANCD1, FANCJ, FANCM, FANCN, FANCO and FANCS) predispose to breast and ovarian cancer. The products of all these genes are involved in the repair of stalled DNA replication forks by unhooking DNA interstrand cross-links and promoting homologous recombination. The genetic characterization of patients with FA is essential for developing therapies, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a savior sibling donor after embryo selection, gene therapy, or genome editing using genetic recombination or engineered nucleases. Newly acquired knowledge about FA promises to provide therapeutic strategies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bogliolo
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Jordi Surrallés
- Genome Instability and DNA Repair Group, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Spain.
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33
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Kato Y, Alavattam KG, Sin HS, Meetei AR, Pang Q, Andreassen PR, Namekawa SH. FANCB is essential in the male germline and regulates H3K9 methylation on the sex chromosomes during meiosis. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5234-49. [PMID: 26123487 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a recessive X-linked and autosomal genetic disease associated with bone marrow failure and increased cancer, as well as severe germline defects such as hypogonadism and germ cell depletion. Although deficiencies in FA factors are commonly associated with germ cell defects, it remains unknown whether the FA pathway is involved in unique epigenetic events in germ cells. In this study, we generated Fancb mutant mice, the first mouse model of X-linked FA, and identified a novel function of the FA pathway in epigenetic regulation during mammalian gametogenesis. Fancb mutant mice were infertile and exhibited primordial germ cell (PGC) defects during embryogenesis. Further, Fancb mutation resulted in the reduction of undifferentiated spermatogonia in spermatogenesis, suggesting that FANCB regulates the maintenance of undifferentiated spermatogonia. Additionally, based on functional studies, we dissected the pathway in which FANCB functions during meiosis. The localization of FANCB on sex chromosomes is dependent on MDC1, a binding partner of H2AX phosphorylated at serine 139 (γH2AX), which initiates chromosome-wide silencing. Also, FANCB is required for FANCD2 localization during meiosis, suggesting that the role of FANCB in the activation of the FA pathway is common to both meiosis and somatic DNA damage responses. H3K9me2, a silent epigenetic mark, was decreased on sex chromosomes, whereas H3K9me3 was increased on sex chromosomes in Fancb mutant spermatocytes. Taken together, these results indicate that FANCB functions at critical stages of germ cell development and reveal a novel function of the FA pathway in the regulation of H3K9 methylation in the germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Kato
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 4929, USA
| | - Kris G Alavattam
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 4929, USA
| | - Ho-Su Sin
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 4929, USA
| | - Amom Ruhikanta Meetei
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 4929, USA
| | - Qishen Pang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 4929, USA
| | - Paul R Andreassen
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 4929, USA
| | - Satoshi H Namekawa
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 4929, USA
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34
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Suzuki NM, Niwa A, Yabe M, Hira A, Okada C, Amano N, Watanabe A, Watanabe KI, Heike T, Takata M, Nakahata T, Saito MK. Pluripotent cell models of fanconi anemia identify the early pathological defect in human hemoangiogenic progenitors. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:333-8. [PMID: 25762002 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a disorder of genomic instability characterized by progressive bone marrow failure (BMF), developmental abnormalities, and an increased susceptibility to cancer. Although various consequences in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells have been attributed to FA-BMF, the quest to identify the initial pathological event is still ongoing. To address this issue, we established induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from fibroblasts of six patients with FA and FANCA mutations. An improved reprogramming method yielded iPSC-like colonies from all patients, and iPSC clones were propagated from two patients. Quantitative evaluation of the differentiation ability demonstrated that the differentiation propensity toward the hematopoietic and endothelial lineages is already defective in early hemoangiogenic progenitors. The expression levels of critical transcription factors were significantly downregulated in these progenitors. These data indicate that the hematopoietic consequences in FA patients originate from the early hematopoietic stage and highlight the potential usefulness of iPSC technology for elucidating the pathogenesis of FA-BMF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miharu Yabe
- Department of Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Asuka Hira
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Okada
- Reprogramming Science, Center for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research and Application, and Mitsubishi Space Software Co., Ltd., Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Amano
- Reprogramming Science, Center for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research and Application, and
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Reprogramming Science, Center for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research and Application, and
| | - Ken-Ichiro Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshio Heike
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Takata
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Ye Z, Liu CF, Lanikova L, Dowey SN, He C, Huang X, Brodsky RA, Spivak JL, Prchal JT, Cheng L. Differential sensitivity to JAK inhibitory drugs by isogenic human erythroblasts and hematopoietic progenitors generated from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2014; 32:269-78. [PMID: 24105986 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an unprecedented opportunity to establish novel disease models and accelerate drug development using distinct tissue target cells generated from isogenic iPSC lines with and without disease-causing mutations. To realize the potential of iPSCs in modeling acquired diseases which are usually heterogeneous, we have generated multiple iPSC lines including two lines that are JAK2-wild-type and four lines homozygous for JAK2-V617F somatic mutation from a single polycythemia vera (PV) patient blood. In vitro differentiation of the same patient-derived iPSC lines have demonstrated the differential contributions of their parental hematopoietic clones to the abnormal erythropoiesis including the formation of endogenous erythroid colonies. This iPSC approach thus may provide unique and valuable insights into the genetic events responsible for disease development. To examine the potential of iPSCs in drug testing, we generated isogenic hematopoietic progenitors and erythroblasts from the same iPSC lines derived from PV patients and normal donors. Their response to three clinical JAK inhibitors, INCB018424 (Ruxolitinib), TG101348 (SAR302503), and the more recent CYT387 was evaluated. All three drugs similarly inhibited erythropoiesis from normal and PV iPSC lines containing the wild-type JAK2 genotype, as well as those containing a homozygous or heterozygous JAK2-V617F activating mutation that showed increased erythropoiesis without a JAK inhibitor. However, the JAK inhibitors had less inhibitory effect on the self-renewal of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. The iPSC-mediated disease modeling thus underlies the ineffectiveness of the current JAK inhibitors and provides a modeling system to develop better targeted therapies for the JAK2 mutated hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Ye
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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36
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Halevy T, Urbach A. Comparing ESC and iPSC-Based Models for Human Genetic Disorders. J Clin Med 2014; 3:1146-62. [PMID: 26237596 PMCID: PMC4470175 DOI: 10.3390/jcm3041146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, human disorders were studied using animal models or somatic cells taken from patients. Such studies enabled the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of numerous disorders, and led to the discovery of new treatments. Yet, these systems are limited or even irrelevant in modeling multiple genetic diseases. The isolation of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from diseased blastocysts, the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients' somatic cells, and the new technologies for genome editing of pluripotent stem cells have opened a new window of opportunities in the field of disease modeling, and enabled studying diseases that couldn't be modeled in the past. Importantly, despite the high similarity between ESCs and iPSCs, there are several fundamental differences between these cells, which have important implications regarding disease modeling. In this review we compare ESC-based models to iPSC-based models, and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each system. We further suggest a roadmap for how to choose the optimal strategy to model each specific disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Halevy
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Achia Urbach
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
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Navarro S, Moleiro V, Molina-Estevez FJ, Lozano ML, Chinchon R, Almarza E, Quintana-Bustamante O, Mostoslavsky G, Maetzig T, Galla M, Heinz N, Schiedlmeier B, Torres Y, Modlich U, Samper E, Río P, Segovia JC, Raya A, Güenechea G, Izpisua-Belmonte JC, Bueren JA. Generation of iPSCs from genetically corrected Brca2 hypomorphic cells: implications in cell reprogramming and stem cell therapy. Stem Cells 2014; 32:436-46. [PMID: 24420904 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a complex genetic disease associated with a defective DNA repair pathway known as the FA pathway. In contrast to many other FA proteins, BRCA2 participates downstream in this pathway and has a critical role in homology-directed recombination (HDR). In our current studies, we have observed an extremely low reprogramming efficiency in cells with a hypomorphic mutation in Brca2 (Brca2(Δ) (27/) (Δ27)), that was associated with increased apoptosis and defective generation of nuclear RAD51 foci during the reprogramming process. Gene complementation facilitated the generation of Brca2(Δ) (27/) (Δ27) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with a disease-free FA phenotype. Karyotype analyses and comparative genome hybridization arrays of complemented Brca2(Δ) (27/) (Δ27) iPSCs showed, however, the presence of different genetic alterations in these cells, most of which were not evident in their parental Brca2(Δ) (27/) (Δ27) mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Gene-corrected Brca2(Δ) (27/) (Δ27) iPSCs could be differentiated in vitro toward the hematopoietic lineage, although with a more limited efficacy than WT iPSCs or mouse embryonic stem cells, and did not engraft in irradiated Brca2(Δ) (27/) (Δ27) recipients. Our results are consistent with previous studies proposing that HDR is critical for cell reprogramming and demonstrate that reprogramming defects characteristic of Brca2 mutant cells can be efficiently overcome by gene complementation. Finally, based on analysis of the phenotype, genetic stability, and hematopoietic differentiation potential of gene-corrected Brca2(Δ) (27/) (Δ) (27) iPSCs, achievements and limitations in the application of current reprogramming approaches in hematopoietic stem cell therapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Navarro
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
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38
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FANCA knockout in human embryonic stem cells causes a severe growth disadvantage. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:240-50. [PMID: 25108529 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive bone marrow failure (BMF) during childhood, aside from numerous congenital abnormalities. FA mouse models have been generated; however, they do not fully mimic the hematopoietic phenotype. As there is mounting evidence that the hematopoietic impairment starts already in utero, a human pluripotent stem cell model would constitute a more appropriate system to investigate the mechanisms underlying BMF in FA and its developmental basis. Using zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) technology, we have created a knockout of FANCA in human embryonic stem cells (hESC). We introduced a selection cassette into exon 2 thereby disrupting the FANCA coding sequence and found that whereas mono-allelically targeted cells retain an unaltered proliferation potential, disruption of the second allele causes a severe growth disadvantage. As a result, heterogeneous cultures arise due to the presence of cells still carrying an unaffected FANCA allele, quickly outgrowing the knockout cells. When pure cultures of FANCA knockout hESC are pursued either through selection or single cell cloning, this rapidly results in growth arrest and such cultures cannot be maintained. These data highlight the importance of a functional FA pathway at the pluripotent stem cell stage.
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39
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High-risk human papillomavirus E6 protein promotes reprogramming of Fanconi anemia patient cells through repression of p53 but does not allow for sustained growth of induced pluripotent stem cells. J Virol 2014; 88:11315-26. [PMID: 25031356 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01533-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED DNA repair plays a crucial role in embryonic and somatic stem cell biology and cell reprogramming. The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway, which promotes error-free repair of DNA double-strand breaks, is required for somatic cell reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Thus, cells from Fanconi anemia patients, which lack this critical pathway, fail to be reprogrammed to iPSC under standard conditions unless the defective FA gene is complemented. In this study, we utilized the oncogenes of high-risk human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) to overcome the resistance of FA patient cells to reprogramming. We found that E6, but not E7, recovers FA iPSC colony formation and, furthermore, that p53 inhibition is necessary and sufficient for this activity. The iPSC colonies resulting from each of these approaches stained positive for alkaline phosphatase, NANOG, and Tra-1-60, indicating that they were fully reprogrammed into pluripotent cells. However, FA iPSC were incapable of outgrowth into stable iPSC lines regardless of p53 suppression, whereas their FA-complemented counterparts grew efficiently. Thus, we conclude that the FA pathway is required for the growth of iPSC beyond reprogramming and that p53-independent mechanisms are involved. IMPORTANCE A novel approach is described whereby HPV oncogenes are used as tools to uncover DNA repair-related molecular mechanisms affecting somatic cell reprogramming. The findings indicate that p53-dependent mechanisms block FA cells from reprogramming but also uncover a previously unrecognized defect in FA iPSC proliferation independent of p53.
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Liu GH, Suzuki K, Li M, Qu J, Montserrat N, Tarantino C, Gu Y, Yi F, Xu X, Zhang W, Ruiz S, Plongthongkum N, Zhang K, Masuda S, Nivet E, Tsunekawa Y, Soligalla RD, Goebl A, Aizawa E, Kim NY, Kim J, Dubova I, Li Y, Ren R, Benner C, Del Sol A, Bueren J, Trujillo JP, Surralles J, Cappelli E, Dufour C, Esteban CR, Belmonte JCI. Modelling Fanconi anemia pathogenesis and therapeutics using integration-free patient-derived iPSCs. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4330. [PMID: 24999918 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a recessive disorder characterized by genomic instability, congenital abnormalities, cancer predisposition and bone marrow (BM) failure. However, the pathogenesis of FA is not fully understood partly due to the limitations of current disease models. Here, we derive integration free-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from an FA patient without genetic complementation and report in situ gene correction in FA-iPSCs as well as the generation of isogenic FANCA-deficient human embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines. FA cellular phenotypes are recapitulated in iPSCs/ESCs and their adult stem/progenitor cell derivatives. By using isogenic pathogenic mutation-free controls as well as cellular and genomic tools, our model serves to facilitate the discovery of novel disease features. We validate our model as a drug-screening platform by identifying several compounds that improve hematopoietic differentiation of FA-iPSCs. These compounds are also able to rescue the hematopoietic phenotype of FA patient BM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Keiichiro Suzuki
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Mo Li
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jing Qu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Center for Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Tarantino
- Center for Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ying Gu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Fei Yi
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Xiuling Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sergio Ruiz
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Nongluk Plongthongkum
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Shigeo Masuda
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Emmanuel Nivet
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Yuji Tsunekawa
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Rupa Devi Soligalla
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - April Goebl
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Emi Aizawa
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Na Young Kim
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jessica Kim
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Ilir Dubova
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Ying Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ruotong Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chris Benner
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Antonio Del Sol
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Juan Bueren
- Hematopoiesis and Gene Therapy Division. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Madrid 28040, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Madrid 28040, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Trujillo
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra s/n 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Surralles
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra s/n 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Enrico Cappelli
- G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova Quarto, Italy
| | - Carlo Dufour
- G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova Quarto, Italy
| | - Concepcion Rodriguez Esteban
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Rio P, Baños R, Lombardo A, Quintana-Bustamante O, Alvarez L, Garate Z, Genovese P, Almarza E, Valeri A, Díez B, Navarro S, Torres Y, Trujillo JP, Murillas R, Segovia JC, Samper E, Surralles J, Gregory PD, Holmes MC, Naldini L, Bueren JA. Targeted gene therapy and cell reprogramming in Fanconi anemia. EMBO Mol Med 2014; 6:835-48. [PMID: 24859981 PMCID: PMC4203359 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201303374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene targeting is progressively becoming a realistic therapeutic alternative in clinics. It is unknown, however, whether this technology will be suitable for the treatment of DNA repair deficiency syndromes such as Fanconi anemia (FA), with defects in homology-directed DNA repair. In this study, we used zinc finger nucleases and integrase-defective lentiviral vectors to demonstrate for the first time that FANCA can be efficiently and specifically targeted into the AAVS1 safe harbor locus in fibroblasts from FA-A patients. Strikingly, up to 40% of FA fibroblasts showed gene targeting 42 days after gene editing. Given the low number of hematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow of FA patients, gene-edited FA fibroblasts were then reprogrammed and re-differentiated toward the hematopoietic lineage. Analyses of gene-edited FA-iPSCs confirmed the specific integration of FANCA in the AAVS1 locus in all tested clones. Moreover, the hematopoietic differentiation of these iPSCs efficiently generated disease-free hematopoietic progenitors. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of correcting the phenotype of a DNA repair deficiency syndrome using gene-targeting and cell reprogramming strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rio
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Baños
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angelo Lombardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Oscar Quintana-Bustamante
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Alvarez
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Zita Garate
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pietro Genovese
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Almarza
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Valeri
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Díez
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Navarro
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan P Trujillo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain Universidad Autónoma Barcelona/CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Murillas
- Division of Epithelial Biomedicine, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose C Segovia
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Luigi Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Juan A Bueren
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
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42
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Engle SJ, Vincent F. Small molecule screening in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived terminal cell types. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:4562-70. [PMID: 24362033 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r113.529156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A need for better clinical outcomes has heightened interest in the use of physiologically relevant human cells in the drug discovery process. Patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells may offer a relevant, robust, scalable, and cost-effective model of human disease physiology. Small molecule high throughput screening in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells with the intent of identifying novel therapeutic compounds is starting to influence the drug discovery process; however, the use of these cells presents many high throughput screening development challenges. This technology has the potential to transform the way drug discovery is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J Engle
- From Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism-New Chemical Entities, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340
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43
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Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a paradigm for stem cell biology in that it centers on differentiation of a self-renewing pluripotent precursor into multiple committed cell types with specific functions. The use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a disease modeling tool has revealed numerous insights into the underlying pathophysiology of hematological diseases - those disorders arising from defective hematopoiesis. Likewise, studying hematopoiesis and the defects that can arise offer clues to understanding general stem cell survival and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Kelley
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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44
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Tilgner K, Neganova I, Moreno-Gimeno I, AL-Aama JY, Burks D, Yung S, Singhapol C, Saretzki G, Evans J, Gorbunova V, Gennery A, Przyborski S, Stojkovic M, Armstrong L, Jeggo P, Lako M. A human iPSC model of Ligase IV deficiency reveals an important role for NHEJ-mediated-DSB repair in the survival and genomic stability of induced pluripotent stem cells and emerging haematopoietic progenitors. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:1089-100. [PMID: 23722522 PMCID: PMC3705601 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are the most common form of DNA damage and are repaired by non-homologous-end-joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). Several protein components function in NHEJ, and of these, DNA Ligase IV is essential for performing the final 'end-joining' step. Mutations in DNA Ligase IV result in LIG4 syndrome, which is characterised by growth defects, microcephaly, reduced number of blood cells, increased predisposition to leukaemia and variable degrees of immunodeficiency. In this manuscript, we report the creation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model of LIG4 deficiency, which accurately replicates the DSB repair phenotype of LIG4 patients. Our findings demonstrate that impairment of NHEJ-mediated-DSB repair in human iPSC results in accumulation of DSBs and enhanced apoptosis, thus providing new insights into likely mechanisms used by pluripotent stem cells to maintain their genomic integrity. Defects in NHEJ-mediated-DSB repair also led to a significant decrease in reprogramming efficiency of human cells and accumulation of chromosomal abnormalities, suggesting a key role for NHEJ in somatic cell reprogramming and providing insights for future cell based therapies for applications of LIG4-iPSCs. Although haematopoietic specification of LIG4-iPSC is not affected per se, the emerging haematopoietic progenitors show a high accumulation of DSBs and enhanced apoptosis, resulting in reduced numbers of mature haematopoietic cells. Together our findings provide new insights into the role of NHEJ-mediated-DSB repair in the survival and differentiation of progenitor cells, which likely underlies the developmental abnormalities observed in many DNA damage disorders. In addition, our findings are important for understanding how genomic instability arises in pluripotent stem cells and for defining appropriate culture conditions that restrict DNA damage and result in ex vivo expansion of stem cells with intact genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tilgner
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- NESCI, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - I Neganova
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- NESCI, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - J Y AL-Aama
- Princess Al Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Burks
- Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Yung
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- NESCI, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - C Singhapol
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - G Saretzki
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - J Evans
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - V Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - A Gennery
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - S Przyborski
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - M Stojkovic
- Human Genetics Department, Medical Faculty, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - L Armstrong
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- NESCI, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - P Jeggo
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - M Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- NESCI, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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