1
|
Abdel-Salam GMH, Afifi HH, Abdel-Hamid MS, Ahmed NEB, Taher MB, El-Kamah G, Thiele H, Nürnberg PN, Bolz HJ. Expanding the phenotypic spectrum and clinical severity associated with WLS gene. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:607-613. [PMID: 37106064 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-023-01152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
WLS (Wnt ligand secretion mediator or Wntless) orchestrates the secretion of all Wnt proteins, a family of evolutionary conserved proteins, involved in Wnt signaling pathway that has many essential biological functions including the regulation of development, cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Biallelic variants in WLS have recently been described in 10 patients with pleiotropic multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) known as Zaki syndrome. We identified a likely disease-causing variant in WLS (c.1579G>A, p.Gly527Arg) in a boy presented with a broad range of MCA including microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, alopecia, ophthalmologic anomalies, and complete soft tissue syndactyly. These features were reminiscent of Zaki syndrome although variable clinical severity was observed. In a detailed clinical assessment, our patient also displayed microphthalmia, dental anomalies, skeletal dysplasia with spontaneous fractures and Dandy-Walker malformation. As such, we extend the phenotype linked to Zaki syndrome. This study further highlights the importance of a thorough clinical evaluation to delineate the phenotypic spectrum associated with WLS variants and suggests that genotype-phenotype correlations due to variant localization seems likely. However, future work on additional patients and more functional studies may give further insights into genotype-phenotype correlations and the complex function of WLS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M H Abdel-Salam
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hanan H Afifi
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Hamid
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen E B Ahmed
- Orodental Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed B Taher
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada El-Kamah
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter N Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hanno J Bolz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Genetics, Dr. Senckenbergische Stiftung, 60314, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumuthini J, Zick B, Balasopoulou A, Chalikiopoulou C, Dandara C, El-Kamah G, Findley L, Katsila T, Li R, Maceda EB, Monye H, Rada G, Thong MK, Wanigasekera T, Kennel H, Marimuthu V, Williams MS, Al-Mulla F, Abramowicz M. The clinical utility of polygenic risk scores in genomic medicine practices: a systematic review. Hum Genet 2022; 141:1697-1704. [PMID: 35488921 PMCID: PMC9055005 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genomic medicine aims to improve health using the individual genomic data of people to inform care. While clinical utility of genomic medicine in many monogenic, Mendelian disorders is amply demonstrated, clinical utility is less evident in polygenic traits, e.g., coronary artery disease or breast cancer. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) are subsets of individual genotypes designed to capture heritability of common traits, and hence to allow the stratification of risk of the trait in a population. We systematically reviewed the PubMed database for unequivocal evidence of clinical utility of polygenic risk scores, using stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. While we identified studies demonstrating clinical validity in conditions where medical intervention based on a PRS is likely to benefit patient outcome, we did not identify a single study demonstrating unequivocally such a benefit, i.e. clinical utility. We conclude that while the routine use of PRSs hold great promise, translational research is still needed before they should enter mainstream clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Kumuthini
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute (SANBI), University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brittany Zick
- Global Genomic Medicine Collaborative, Durham, NC USA
| | - Angeliki Balasopoulou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Collet Dandara
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology & Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ghada El-Kamah
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laura Findley
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Theodora Katsila
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Rongling Li
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ebner Bon Maceda
- Center for Human Genetics Services, Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Henrietta Monye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Meow-Keong Thong
- Genetic and Metabolism Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Hannah Kennel
- Global Genomic Medicine Collaborative, Durham, NC USA
| | - Veeramani Marimuthu
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O.Box 1180, 15462 Dasman, Kuwait
| | - the G2MC Evidence investigators
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute (SANBI), University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
- Global Genomic Medicine Collaborative, Durham, NC USA
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology & Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
- Center for Human Genetics Services, Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Epistemonikos Foundation, Santiago, Chile
- Genetic and Metabolism Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Ministry of Health of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Global Genomic Medicine Collaborative, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O.Box 1180, 15462 Dasman, Kuwait
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA 17822 USA
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Marc Abramowicz
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdel Megeid AK, Refeat MM, Ashaat EA, El-Kamah G, El-Saiedi SA, Elfalaki MM, El Ruby MO, Amr KS. Correction: Correlating SFTPC gene variants to interstitial lung disease in Egyptian children. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:137. [PMID: 36129639 PMCID: PMC9492830 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miral M Refeat
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy A Ashaat
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada El-Kamah
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mona O El Ruby
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalda S Amr
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdel Megeid AK, Refeat MM, Ashaat EA, El-Kamah G, El-Saiedi SA, Elfalaki MM, El Ruby MO, Amr KS. Correlating SFTPC gene variants to interstitial lung disease in Egyptian children. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:117. [PMID: 35939165 PMCID: PMC9360361 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a broad heterogeneous group of lung disorders that is characterized by inflammation of the lungs. Surfactant dysfunction disorders are a rare form of ILD diseases that result from mutations in surfactant protein C gene (SFTPC) with prevalence of approximately 1/1.7 million births. SFTPC patients are presented with clinical manifestations of ILD ranging from fatal respiratory failure of newborn to chronic respiratory problems in children. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the spectrum of SFTPC genetic variants as well as the correlation of the SFTPC gene mutations with ILD disease in twenty unrelated Egyptian children with diffuse lung disease and suspected surfactant dysfunction using Sanger sequencing. Results Sequencing of SFTPC gene revealed five variants: c.42+35G>A (IVS1+35G>A) (rs8192340) and c.43-21T>C (IVS1-21T>C) (rs13248346) in intron 1, c.436-8C>G (IVS4-8C>G) (rs2070687) in intron 4, c.413C>A p.T138N (rs4715) in exon 4, and c.557G>Ap.S186N (rs1124) in exon 5. Conclusion The present study confirms the association of detecting variants of SFTPC with surfactant dysfunction disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miral M Refeat
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy A Ashaat
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada El-Kamah
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mona O El Ruby
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalda S Amr
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wonkam A, Bardien S, Diallo RN, Gaye A, Alimohamed MZ, Kya S, Makani J, Landoure G, Mutesa L, El-Kamah G, Mohamed A, Newport M, Williams SM, Ramsay M, Nembaware V. "Black Lives Matter and Black Research Matters": the African Society of Human Genetics' call to halt racism in science. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:vo2. [PMID: 35862495 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-04-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The African Society of Human Genetics (AfSHG) was formed to provide a forum for human genetics and genomics scientists in Africa to interact, network, and collaborate. This is critical to facilitate development of solutions to the public health burden of many rare and common diseases across the continent. AfSHG fully supports the Black Lives Matter movement, which is dedicated to fighting racism and ensuring that society values the lives and humanity of Black people. The AfSHG would like to add its "voice" to the public outcry against racism sparked by George Floyd's death and to declare its commitment to ensuring that injustice and systematic racism, as well as abuse and exploitation of Africans and their biological material, are no longer tolerated. This is particularly relevant now as African genomic variation is poised to make significant contributions across several disciplines including ancestry, personalized medicine, and novel drug discovery. "Black Lives Matter and Black Research Matters" is AfSHG's call for the global community to support halting, and reversing, the perpetuation of exploitation of African people through neocolonial malpractices in genomic research. We also propose five key ways to curb racism in science, so that we can move forward together, with a common humanity, collectively embracing scientific endeavors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambroise Wonkam
- Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,McKusick-Nathans Institute and Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Rokhaya Ndiaye Diallo
- Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar P. O. Box 5005, Senegal
| | - Amadou Gaye
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mohamed Zahir Alimohamed
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Medicine, MUHAS, Dar es Saalam P. O. Box 65001, Tanzania.,Department of Research and Training, Shree Hindu Mandal Hospital, Dar es Salaam P. O. Box 581, Tanzania
| | - Siana Kya
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Medicine, MUHAS, Dar es Saalam P. O. Box 65001, Tanzania
| | - Julie Makani
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Medicine, MUHAS, Dar es Saalam P. O. Box 65001, Tanzania
| | - Guida Landoure
- Hopital du point G, University of Bamako, Bamako P. O. Box 333, Mali
| | - Leon Mutesa
- Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali P. O. Box 4285, Rwanda
| | - Ghada El-Kamah
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Mohamed
- Brighton & Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Sussex, BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Melanie Newport
- Brighton & Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Sussex, BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Scott M Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Institute of Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106 OH
| | - Michele Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Victoria Nembaware
- Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rabie EA, Sayed ISM, Amr K, Ahmed HA, Mostafa MI, Hassib NF, El-Sayed H, Zada SK, El-Kamah G. Confirmation of a Phenotypic Entity for TSPEAR Variants in Egyptian Ectodermal Dysplasia Patients and Role of Ethnicity. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061056. [PMID: 35741818 PMCID: PMC9222913 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) are hereditary disorders characterized by the disturbance of the ectodermal development of at least two of four ectodermal tissues: teeth, hair, nails and sweat glands. Clinical classification of ED is challenged by overlapping features, variable expressivity, and low number of patients, hindering full phenotypic spectrum identification. Disease-causing variants in elements of major developmental pathways, e.g., Ectodysplasin/NFκB, Wnt, and Tp63 pathways, have been identified in fewer than half of ED phenotypes. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for ten Egyptian ED patients presenting with tooth agenesis, normal sweating, scalp hypotrichosis, and sharing characteristic facial features. WES was followed by in silico analysis of the effects of novel detected genetic variants on mRNA and protein structure. The study identified four novel rare pathogenic and likely pathogenic TSPEAR variants, a gene which was recently found to be involved in ectodermal organogenesis. A novel in-frame deletion recurred in eight patients from six unrelated families. Comparing our cohort to previously reported TSPEAR cohorts highlighted the influence of ethnicity on TSPEAR phenotypic affection. Our study expands the clinical and mutational spectrum of the growing TSPEAR associated phenotypes, and pinpoints the influence of WES and in silico tools on identification of rare disease-causing variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Rabie
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics & Genome Research Division (HGGR), National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo 12622, Egypt;
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo (AUC), Cairo 11835, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (E.A.R.); (K.A.); (G.E.-K.)
| | - Inas S. M. Sayed
- Orodental Genetics Department, Human Genetics & Genome Research Division (HGGR), National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo 12622, Egypt; (I.S.M.S.); (M.I.M.); (N.F.H.)
| | - Khalda Amr
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics & Genome Research Division (HGGR), National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo 12622, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (E.A.R.); (K.A.); (G.E.-K.)
| | - Hoda A. Ahmed
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics & Genome Research Division (HGGR), National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Mostafa I. Mostafa
- Orodental Genetics Department, Human Genetics & Genome Research Division (HGGR), National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo 12622, Egypt; (I.S.M.S.); (M.I.M.); (N.F.H.)
| | - Nehal F. Hassib
- Orodental Genetics Department, Human Genetics & Genome Research Division (HGGR), National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo 12622, Egypt; (I.S.M.S.); (M.I.M.); (N.F.H.)
| | - Heba El-Sayed
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics & Genome Research Division (HGGR), National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Suher K. Zada
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo (AUC), Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Ghada El-Kamah
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics & Genome Research Division (HGGR), National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo 12622, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (E.A.R.); (K.A.); (G.E.-K.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Halim-Fikri BH, Lederer CW, Baig AA, Mat-Ghani SNA, Syed-Hassan SNRK, Yusof W, Abdul Rashid D, Azman NF, Fucharoen S, Panigoro R, Silao CLT, Viprakasit V, Jalil N, Mohd Yasin N, Bahar R, Selvaratnam V, Mohamad N, Nik Hassan NN, Esa E, Krause A, Robinson H, Hasler J, Stephanou C, Raja-Sabudin RZA, Elion J, El-Kamah G, Coviello D, Yusoff N, Abdul Latiff Z, Arnold C, Burn J, Kountouris P, Kleanthous M, Ramesar R, Zilfalil BA. Global Globin Network Consensus Paper: Classification and Stratified Roadmaps for Improved Thalassaemia Care and Prevention in 32 Countries. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040552. [PMID: 35455667 PMCID: PMC9032232 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Global Globin Network (GGN) is a project-wide initiative of the Human Variome/Global Variome Project (HVP) focusing on haemoglobinopathies to build the capacity for genomic diagnosis, clinical services, and research in low- and middle-income countries. At present, there is no framework to evaluate the improvement of care, treatment, and prevention of thalassaemia and other haemoglobinopathies globally, despite thalassaemia being one of the most common monogenic diseases worldwide. Here, we propose a universally applicable system for evaluating and grouping countries based on qualitative indicators according to the quality of care, treatment, and prevention of haemoglobinopathies. We also apply this system to GGN countries as proof of principle. To this end, qualitative indicators were extracted from the IthaMaps database of the ITHANET portal, which allowed four groups of countries (A, B, C, and D) to be defined based on major qualitative indicators, supported by minor qualitative indicators for countries with limited resource settings and by the overall haemoglobinopathy carrier frequency for the target countries of immigration. The proposed rubrics and accumulative scores will help analyse the performance and improvement of care, treatment, and prevention of haemoglobinopathies in the GGN and beyond. Our proposed criteria complement future data collection from GGN countries to help monitor the quality of services for haemoglobinopathies, provide ongoing estimates for services and epidemiology in GGN countries, and note the contribution of the GGN to a local and global reduction of disease burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hashim Halim-Fikri
- Malaysian Node of the Human Variome Project Secretariat, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (B.H.H.-F.); (S.-N.R.-K.S.-H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Carsten W. Lederer
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (C.W.L.); (C.S.); (P.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Atif Amin Baig
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Siti Nor Assyuhada Mat-Ghani
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (S.N.A.M.-G.); (N.N.N.H.)
| | - Sharifah-Nany Rahayu-Karmilla Syed-Hassan
- Malaysian Node of the Human Variome Project Secretariat, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (B.H.H.-F.); (S.-N.R.-K.S.-H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wardah Yusof
- Malaysian Node of the Human Variome Project Secretariat, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (B.H.H.-F.); (S.-N.R.-K.S.-H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Diana Abdul Rashid
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (D.A.R.); (N.F.A.); (N.M.)
| | - Nurul Fatihah Azman
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (D.A.R.); (N.F.A.); (N.M.)
| | - Suthat Fucharoen
- Thalassemia Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhom Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Ramdan Panigoro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia;
| | - Catherine Lynn T. Silao
- Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines, Manila 1000, Philippines;
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Vip Viprakasit
- Department of Paediatrics & Thalassaemia Centre, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
| | - Norunaluwar Jalil
- UKM Specialist Children’s Hospital, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Norafiza Mohd Yasin
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, No. 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Bandar Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (N.M.Y.); (E.E.)
| | - Rosnah Bahar
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Veena Selvaratnam
- Hospital Ampang, Jalan Mewah Utara, Taman Pandan Mewah, Ampang Jaya 68000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Norsarwany Mohamad
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (D.A.R.); (N.F.A.); (N.M.)
| | - Nik Norliza Nik Hassan
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (S.N.A.M.-G.); (N.N.N.H.)
| | - Ezalia Esa
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, No. 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Bandar Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (N.M.Y.); (E.E.)
| | - Amanda Krause
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of the Witwatersrand, Watkins Pitchford Building, NHLS Braamfontein, Cnr Hospital and De Korte St, Hillbrow, P.O. Box 1038, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa;
| | - Helen Robinson
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, MDDHS, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Julia Hasler
- Global Variome, Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK;
| | - Coralea Stephanou
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (C.W.L.); (C.S.); (P.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Raja-Zahratul-Azma Raja-Sabudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Jacques Elion
- Medical School, Université Paris Diderot, 75018 Paris, France;
| | - Ghada El-Kamah
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Domenico Coviello
- Laboratorio di Genetica Umana, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Narazah Yusoff
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Zarina Abdul Latiff
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Chris Arnold
- BioGrid Australia, Hodgson Associates, 4 Hodgson St., Kew, Melbourne, VIC 3101, Australia;
| | - John Burn
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, International Centre for Life Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK;
| | - Petros Kountouris
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (C.W.L.); (C.S.); (P.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Marina Kleanthous
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (C.W.L.); (C.S.); (P.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Raj Ramesar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town City of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Bin Alwi Zilfalil
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +60-9767-6531
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abdel-Salam GMH, Sayed ISM, Afifi HH, Abdel-Ghafar SF, Abouzaid MR, Ismail SI, Aglan MS, Issa MY, El-Bassyouni HT, El-Kamah G, Effat LK, Eid M, Zaki MS, Temtamy SA, Abdel-Hamid MS. Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II: Additional nine patients with implications on phenotype and genotype correlation. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1407-1420. [PMID: 32267100 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PCNT encodes a large coiled- protein localizing to pericentriolar material and is associated with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II syndrome (MOPD II). We report our experience of nine new patients from seven unrelated consanguineous Egyptian families with the distinctive clinical features of MOPD II in whom a customized NGS panel showed homozygous truncating variants of PCNT. The NGS panel results were validated thereafter using Sanger sequencing revealing three previously reported and three novel PCNT pathogenic variants. The core phenotype appeared homogeneous to what had been reported before although patients differed in the severity showing inter and intra familial variability. The orodental pattern showed atrophic alveolar ridge (five patients), rootless tooth (four patients), tooth agenesis (three patients), and malformed tooth (three patients). In addition, mesiodens was a novel finding found in one patient. The novel c.9394-1G>T variant was found in two sibs who had tooth agenesis. CNS anomalies with possible vascular sequelae were documented in two male patients (22.2%). Simplified gyral pattern with poor development of the frontal horns of lateral ventricles was seen in four patients and mild thinning of the corpus callosum in two patients. Unilateral coronal craniosynstosis was noted in one patient and thick but short corpus callosum was an unusual finding noted in another. The later has not been reported before. Our results refine the clinical, neuroradiological, and orodental features and expand the molecular spectrum of MOPD II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M H Abdel-Salam
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Inas S M Sayed
- Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Orodental Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Afifi
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif F Abdel-Ghafar
- Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Medical Molecular Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha R Abouzaid
- Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Orodental Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samira I Ismail
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona S Aglan
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Y Issa
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala T El-Bassyouni
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada El-Kamah
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila K Effat
- Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Medical Molecular Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Eid
- Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Human Cytogenetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Temtamy
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Hamid
- Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Medical Molecular Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
El-Kamah G. Perspectives on Hemoglobinopathies from Egypt: Challenges and Burden to the Healthcare System. Hemoglobin 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2020.1718906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada El-Kamah
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Helwa I, Abo-Shanab A, Kholoussi N, Habib D, Hussin G, Omar N, El-Kamah G, El-Dessouk M, Fahmy A. Use of echocardiography and glutathione S-transferase to detect heart complications in β-thalassemic patients. Egypt Pharmaceut J 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/epj.epj_61_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
11
|
Amr K, Pawlikowska P, Aoufouchi S, Rosselli F, El-Kamah G. Whole exome sequencing identifies a new mutation in the SLC19A2 gene leading to thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia in an Egyptian family. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00777. [PMID: 31144472 PMCID: PMC6625154 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Solute Carrier Family 19 Member 2 (SLC19A2, OMIM *603941) encodes the thiamine transporter 1 (THTR-1) that brings thiamine (Vitamin B1) into cells. THTR-1 is the only thiamine transporter expressed in bone marrow, cochlear, and pancreatic beta cells. THTR-1 loss-of-function leads to the rare recessive genetic disease Thiamine-Responsive Megaloblastic Anemia (TRMA, OMIM #249270). METHODS In vitro stimulated blood lymphocytes were used for cytogenetics and the isolation of genomic DNA used to perform whole exome sequencing (WES). To validate identified mutations, direct Sanger sequencing was performed following PCR amplification. RESULTS A 6-year-old male born from a consanguineous couple presenting bone marrow failure and microcephaly was referred to our clinic for disease diagnosis. The patient presented a normal karyotype and no chromosomal fragility in response to DNA damage. WES analysis led to the identification of a new pathogenic variant in the SLC19A2 gene (c.596C>G, pSer199Ter) allowing to identify the young boy as a TRMA patient. CONCLUSION Our analysis extend the number of inactivating mutations in SLC19A2 leading to TRMA that could guide future prenatal diagnosis for the family and follow-up for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalda Amr
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Patrycja Pawlikowska
- UMR8200-CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.,Equipe labellisée "La Ligue Contre le Cancer", Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Said Aoufouchi
- UMR8200-CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.,Equipe labellisée "La Ligue Contre le Cancer", Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- UMR8200-CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.,Equipe labellisée "La Ligue Contre le Cancer", Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Ghada El-Kamah
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Romdhane L, Mezzi N, Hamdi Y, El-Kamah G, Barakat A, Abdelhak S. Consanguinity and Inbreeding in Health and Disease in North African Populations. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2019; 20:155-179. [PMID: 31039041 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083118-014954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
North Africa is defined as the geographical region separated from the rest of the continent by the Sahara and from Europe by the Mediterranean Sea. The main demographic features of North African populations are their familial structure and high rates of familial and geographic endogamy, which have a proven impact on health, particularly the occurrence of genetic diseases, with a greater effect on the frequency and spectrum of the rarest forms of autosomal recessive genetic diseases. More than 500 different genetic diseases have been reported in this region, most of which are autosomal recessive. During the last few decades, there has been great interest in the molecular investigation of large consanguineous North African families. The development of local capacities has brought a substantial improvement in the molecular characterization of these diseases, but the genetic bases of half of them remain unknown. Diseases of known molecular etiology are characterized by their genetic and mutational heterogeneity, although some founder mutations are encountered relatively frequently. Some founder mutations are specific to a single country or a specific ethnic or geographic group, and others are shared by all North African countries or worldwide. The impact of consanguinity on common multifactorial diseases is less evident.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Romdhane
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 1002 Tunis Belvédère, Tunisia; .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Université Tunis Carthage, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Nessrine Mezzi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 1002 Tunis Belvédère, Tunisia;
| | - Yosr Hamdi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 1002 Tunis Belvédère, Tunisia;
| | - Ghada El-Kamah
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdelhamid Barakat
- Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine et Biologie Moléculaire, Département de Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sonia Abdelhak
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 1002 Tunis Belvédère, Tunisia;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Agha HM, AbdelMassih AF, AbdelRahman MY, Milanesi O, Castaldi B, Geranio G, Putti MC, Kharabish A, Esmail R, El-Kamah G, Hamdy M, El-Baz H, Behairy N, Hanna C, El-Tagy H, Mishriky MA, Mamdouh M, Antonazzo L, Ramadan T. Can myocardial remodeling be a useful surrogate predictor of myocardial iron load? A 3D echocardiographic multicentric study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27272. [PMID: 29873876 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between myocardial iron load and eccentric myocardial remodeling remains an under-investigated area; it was thought that remodeling is rather linked to fibrosis. This study aims to determine whether or not measures of remodeling can be used as predictors of myocardial iron. For this purpose, 60 patients with thalassemia were studied with 3D echocardiography and myocardial relaxometry (T2*) by Cardiac MRI. 3D derived sphericity index was significantly higher in patients with myocardial iron load. It was correlated with T2* with a 100% sensitivity and specificity (cut-off value of 0.34) to discriminate between patients with and without myocardial iron overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hala Mounir Agha
- Pediatric, Cardiology Unit, Pediatrics Department, Specialized Children Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Antoine Fakhry AbdelMassih
- Pediatric, Cardiology Unit, Pediatrics Department, Specialized Children Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Children's Cancer Hospital, Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Youssef AbdelRahman
- Pediatric, Cardiology Unit, Pediatrics Department, Specialized Children Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ornella Milanesi
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Biagio Castaldi
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Geranio
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Putti
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Ahmed Kharabish
- Cardiac MRI Unit, Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem Esmail
- Pediatric, Cardiology Unit, Pediatrics Department, Specialized Children Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada El-Kamah
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Hamdy
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Pediatrics Department, Specialized Children Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba El-Baz
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Behairy
- Cardiac MRI Unit, Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Carol Hanna
- Computer Science and Software Development Department, American University of Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan El-Tagy
- Orthopedics Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mary Atef Mishriky
- Cardiology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mirna Mamdouh
- Cardiology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Livio Antonazzo
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
- Soheir Adam
- Department of Hematology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hanan Afifi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal Thomas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Phoebe Magdy
- Department of Orodental Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada El-Kamah
- Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Adam S, Melguizo Sanchis D, El-Kamah G, Samarasinghe S, Alharthi S, Armstrong L, Lako M. Concise Review: Getting to the Core of Inherited Bone Marrow Failures. Stem Cells 2016; 35:284-298. [PMID: 27870251 PMCID: PMC5299470 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS) are a group of disorders with complex pathophysiology characterized by a common phenotype of peripheral cytopenia and/or hypoplastic bone marrow. Understanding genetic factors contributing to the pathophysiology of BMFS has enabled the identification of causative genes and development of diagnostic tests. To date more than 40 mutations in genes involved in maintenance of genomic stability, DNA repair, ribosome and telomere biology have been identified. In addition, pathophysiological studies have provided insights into several biological pathways leading to the characterization of genotype/phenotype correlations as well as the development of diagnostic approaches and management strategies. Recent developments in bone marrow transplant techniques and the choice of conditioning regimens have helped improve transplant outcomes. However, current morbidity and mortality remain unacceptable underlining the need for further research in this area. Studies in mice have largely been unable to mimic disease phenotype in humans due to difficulties in fully replicating the human mutations and the differences between mouse and human cells with regard to telomere length regulation, processing of reactive oxygen species and lifespan. Recent advances in induced pluripotency have provided novel insights into disease pathogenesis and have generated excellent platforms for identifying signaling pathways and functional mapping of haplo‐insufficient genes involved in large‐scale chromosomal deletions–associated disorders. In this review, we have summarized the current state of knowledge in the field of BMFS with specific focus on modeling the inherited forms and how to best utilize these models for the development of targeted therapies. Stem Cells2017;35:284–298
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soheir Adam
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Hematology Department, Medical School, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | | | - Ghada El-Kamah
- Division of Human Genetics & Genome Research, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sujith Samarasinghe
- Department of Hematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sameer Alharthi
- Princess Al Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, KSA
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Amr K, Messaoud O, El Darouti M, Abdelhak S, El-Kamah G. Mutational spectrum of Xeroderma pigmentosum group A in Egyptian patients. Gene 2013; 533:52-6. [PMID: 24135642 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary disease characterized by hyperphotosensitivity, DNA repair defects and a predisposition to skin cancers. The most frequently occurring type worldwide is the XP group A (XPA). There is a close relationship between the clinical features that ranged from severe to mild form and the mutational site in XPA gene. The aim of this study is to carry out the mutational analysis in Egyptian patients with XP-A. This study was carried out on four unrelated Egyptian XP-A families. Clinical features were examined and direct sequencing of the coding region of XPA gene was performed in patients and their parents. Direct sequencing of the whole coding region of the XPA gene revealed the identification of two homozygous nonsense mutations: (c.553C >T; p.(Gln185)) and (c.331G>T; p.(Glu111)), which create premature, stop codon and a homodeletion (c.374delC: p.Thr125Ilefs 15) that leads to frameshift and premature translation termination. We report the identification of one novel XPA gene mutation and two known mutations in four unrelated Egyptian families with Xermoderma pigmentosum. All explored patients presented severe neurological abnormalities and have mutations located in the DNA binding domain. This report gives insight on the mutation spectrum of XP-A in Egypt. This would provide a valuable tool for early diagnosis of this severe disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalda Amr
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics & Genome Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gaber KR, Farag MK, Soliman SET, El-Bassyouni HT, El-Kamah G. Maternal vitamin B12 and the risk of fetal neural tube defects in Egyptian patients. Clin Lab 2007; 53:69-75. [PMID: 17323828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Folic acid insufficiency is a known risk factor for neural tube defects (NTDs), while the role of vitamin B12 is questionable. Thus, our purpose was to investigate whether low maternal serum vitamin B12 is associated with an increased risk of NTDs. SETTING Prenatal Diagnosis and Clinical Genetics Clinics, National Research Centre, in collaboration with the Radioisotope Department, Nuclear Research Centre, Cairo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study groups included 36 women who were, or had been, pregnant with a NTD-affected fetus. The control groups comprised 35 healthy women with normal prior or current pregnancy and uncomplicated obstetric histories. Fasting plasma homocysteine, serum folate and cobalamin (vitamin B12) were determined. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS The fasting homocysteine was significantly higher in the study groups as compared to the controls. The median serum folate concentrations were similar in cases and controls, while the median vitamin B12 concentrations were significantly lower in the study groups compared to the controls. Low vitamin B12 concentration was associated with an approximately 2- to 3-fold increased risk for NTDs. CONCLUSION Low maternal serum values of vitamin B12 can be considered an important etiologic factor for the development of neural tube defects in our population. This may help in both genetic counseling for families with a history of NTD malformation, and as a pre-conceptional prophylactic measure by maternal supplementation of vitamin B12 and folic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled R Gaber
- Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal Medicine Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|