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Zhang C, Meng Y, Han J. Emerging roles of mitochondrial functions and epigenetic changes in the modulation of stem cell fate. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:26. [PMID: 38212548 PMCID: PMC11072137 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria serve as essential organelles that play a key role in regulating stem cell fate. Mitochondrial dysfunction and stem cell exhaustion are two of the nine distinct hallmarks of aging. Emerging research suggests that epigenetic modification of mitochondria-encoded genes and the regulation of epigenetics by mitochondrial metabolites have an impact on stem cell aging or differentiation. Here, we review how key mitochondrial metabolites and behaviors regulate stem cell fate through an epigenetic approach. Gaining insight into how mitochondria regulate stem cell fate will help us manufacture and preserve clinical-grade stem cells under strict quality control standards, contributing to the development of aging-associated organ dysfunction and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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2
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Endo T. Postnatal skeletal muscle myogenesis governed by signal transduction networks: MAPKs and PI3K-Akt control multiple steps. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:223-243. [PMID: 37826946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle myogenesis represents one of the most intensively and extensively examined systems of cell differentiation, tissue formation, and regeneration. Muscle regeneration provides an in vivo model system of postnatal myogenesis. It comprises multiple steps including muscle stem cell (or satellite cell) quiescence, activation, migration, myogenic determination, myoblast proliferation, myocyte differentiation, myofiber maturation, and hypertrophy. A variety of extracellular signaling and subsequent intracellular signal transduction pathways or networks govern the individual steps of postnatal myogenesis. Among them, MAPK pathways (the ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK, and ERK5 pathways) and PI3K-Akt signaling regulate multiple steps of myogenesis. Ca2+, cytokine, and Wnt signaling also participate in several myogenesis steps. These signaling pathways often control cell cycle regulatory proteins or the muscle-specific MyoD family and the MEF2 family of transcription factors. This article comprehensively reviews molecular mechanisms of the individual steps of postnatal skeletal muscle myogenesis by focusing on signal transduction pathways or networks. Nevertheless, no or only a partial signaling molecules or pathways have been identified in some responses during myogenesis. The elucidation of these unidentified signaling molecules and pathways leads to an extensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Endo
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
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3
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Yeh CJ, Sattler KM, Lepper C. Molecular regulation of satellite cells via intercellular signaling. Gene 2023; 858:147172. [PMID: 36621659 PMCID: PMC9928918 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Somatic stem cells are tissue-specific reserve cells tasked to sustain tissue homeostasis in adulthood and/or effect tissue regeneration after traumatic injury. The stem cells of skeletal muscle tissue are the satellite cells, which were originally described and named after their localization beneath the muscle fiber lamina and attached to the multi-nucleated muscle fibers. During adult homeostasis, satellite cells are maintained in quiescence, a state of reversible cell cycle arrest. Yet, upon injury, satellite cells are rapidly activated, becoming highly mitotically active to generate large numbers of myoblasts that differentiate and fuse to regenerate the injured muscle fibers. A subset self-renews to replenish the pool of muscle stem cells.Complex intrinsic gene regulatory networks maintain the quiescent state of satellite cells, or upon injury, direct their activation, proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal. Molecular cues from the satellite cells' environment provide the essential information as to when and where satellite cells are to stay quiescent or break quiescence and effect regenerative myogenesis. Predominantly, these cues are secreted, diffusible or membrane-bound ligands that bind to and activate their specific cognate receptors on the satellite cell to activate downstream signaling cascades and elicit context-specific cell behavior. This review aims to offer a concise overview of major intercellular signaling pathways regulating satellite cells during quiescence and in injury-induced skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ju Yeh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kristina M Sattler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christoph Lepper
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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4
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P2Y1R and P2Y2R: potential molecular triggers in muscle regeneration. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:305-313. [PMID: 35902482 PMCID: PMC9984638 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration is indispensable for skeletal muscle health and daily life when injury, muscular disease, and aging occur. Among the muscle regeneration, muscle stem cells' (MuSCs) activation, proliferation, and differentiation play a key role in muscle regeneration. Purines bind to its specific receptors during muscle development, which transmit environmental stimuli and play a crucial role of modulator of muscle regeneration. Evidences proved P2R expression during development and regeneration of skeletal muscle, both in human and mouse. In contrast to P2XR, which have been extensively investigated in skeletal muscles, the knowledge of P2YR in this tissue is less comprehensive. This review summarized muscle regeneration via P2Y1R and P2Y2R and speculated that P2Y1R and P2Y2R might be potential molecular triggers for MuSCs' activation and proliferation via the p-ERK1/2 and PLC pathways, explored their cascade effects on skeletal muscle, and proposed P2Y1/2 receptors as potential pharmacological targets in muscle regeneration, to advance the purinergic signaling within muscle and provide promising strategies for alleviating muscular disease.
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Wang Y, Lu J, Liu Y. Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Cardiotoxin-Induced Muscle Injury Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113380. [PMID: 36362166 PMCID: PMC9657523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injuries occur frequently in daily life and exercise. Understanding the mechanisms of regeneration is critical for accelerating the repair and regeneration of muscle. Therefore, this article reviews knowledge on the mechanisms of skeletal muscle regeneration after cardiotoxin-induced injury. The process of regeneration is similar in different mouse strains and is inhibited by aging, obesity, and diabetes. Exercise, microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation, and mechanical loading improve regeneration. The mechanisms of regeneration are complex and strain-dependent, and changes in functional proteins involved in the processes of necrotic fiber debris clearance, M1 to M2 macrophage conversion, SC activation, myoblast proliferation, differentiation and fusion, and fibrosis and calcification influence the final outcome of the regenerative activity.
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Washington TA, Haynie WS, Schrems ER, Perry RA, Brown LA, Williams BM, Rosa-Caldwell ME, Lee DE, Brown JL. Effects of PGC-1α overexpression on the myogenic response during skeletal muscle regeneration. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 4:198-208. [PMID: 36090923 PMCID: PMC9453693 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of skeletal muscle to regenerate from injury is crucial for locomotion, metabolic health, and quality of life. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1A) is a transcriptional coactivator required for mitochondrial biogenesis. Increased mitochondrial biogenesis is associated with improved muscle cell differentiation, however PGC1A's role in skeletal muscle regeneration following damage requires further investigation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of skeletal muscle-specific PGC1A overexpression during regeneration following damage. 22 C57BL/6J (WT) and 26 PGC1A muscle transgenic (A1) mice were injected with either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, uninjured control) or Bupivacaine (MAR, injured) into their tibialis anterior (TA) muscle to induce skeletal muscle damage. TA muscles were extracted 3- or 28-days post-injury and analyzed for markers of regenerative myogenesis and protein turnover. Pgc1a mRNA was ∼10–20 fold greater in A1 mice. Markers of protein synthesis, AKT and 4EBP1, displayed decreases in A1 mice compared to WT at both timepoints indicating a decreased protein synthetic response. Myod mRNA was ∼75% lower compared to WT 3 days post-injection. WT mice exhibited decreased cross-sectional area of the TA muscle at 28 days post-injection with bupivacaine compared to all other groups. PGC1A overexpression modifies the myogenic response during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone A. Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Corresponding author. University of Arkansas Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, 155 Stadium Dr. HPER 309, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Wesley S. Haynie
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Eleanor R. Schrems
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Richard A. Perry
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Lemuel A. Brown
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Breanna M. Williams
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - David E. Lee
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Jacob L. Brown
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
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Fei W, Pang E, Hou L, Dai J, Liu M, Wang X, Xie B, Wang J. Synergistic Effect of Hydrogen and 5-Aza on Myogenic Differentiation through the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway in Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2022; 16:78-92. [PMID: 36042011 PMCID: PMC9978834 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives This study aims to clarify the systems underlying regulation and regulatory roles of hydrogen combined with 5-Aza in the myogenic differentiation of adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). Methods and Results In this study, ADSCs acted as an in vitro myogenic differentiating mode. First, the Alamar blue Staining and mitochondrial tracer technique were used to verify whether hydrogen combined with 5-Aza could promote cell proliferation. In addition, this study assessed myogenic differentiating markers (e.g., Myogenin, Mhc and Myod protein expressions) based on the Western blotting assay, analysis on cellular morphological characteristics (e.g., Myotube number, length, diameter and maturation index), RT-PCR (Myod, Myogenin and Mhc mRNA expression) and Immunofluorescence analysis (Desmin, Myosin and β-actin protein expression). Finally, to verify the mechanism of myogenic differentiation of hydrogen-bound 5-Aza, we performed bioinformatics analysis and Western blot to detect the expression of p-P38 protein. Hydrogen combined with 5-Aza significantly enhanced the proliferation and myogenic differentiation of ADSCs in vitro by increasing the number of single-cell mitochondria and upregulating the expression of myogenic biomarkers such as Myod, Mhc and myotube formation. The expressions of p-P38 was up-regulated by hydrogen combined with 5-Aza. The differentiating ability was suppressed when the cells were cultivated in combination with SB203580 (p38 MAPK signal pathway inhibitor). Conclusions Hydrogen alleviates the cytotoxicity of 5-Aza and synergistically promotes the myogenic differentiation capacity of adipose stem cells via the p38 MAPK pathway. Thus, the mentioned results present insights into myogenic differentiation and are likely to generate one potential alternative strategy for skeletal muscle related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Fei
- Department of Sports Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Erkai Pang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Sports Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jihang Dai
- Department of Sports Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mingsheng Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuanqi Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Sports Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Correspondence to Jingcheng Wang, Department of Sports Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98# Nantong xi Road, Yangzhou 225001, China , Tel: +86-13909254888, Fax: +86-051487373425, E-mail:
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8
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Dogan SA, Giacchin G, Zito E, Viscomi C. Redox Signaling and Stress in Inherited Myopathies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:301-323. [PMID: 35081731 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive compounds that behave like a double-edged sword; they damage cellular structures and act as second messengers in signal transduction. Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are interconnected organelles with a central role in ROS production, detoxification, and oxidative stress response. Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in mammals and one of the most metabolically active ones and thus relies mainly on oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) to synthesize adenosine triphosphate. The impairment of OxPhos leads to myopathy and increased ROS production, thus affecting both redox poise and signaling. In addition, ROS enter the ER and trigger ER stress and its maladaptive response, which also lead to a myopathic phenotype with mitochondrial involvement. Here, we review the role of ROS signaling in myopathies due to either mitochondrial or ER dysfunction. Recent Advances: Relevant advances have been evolving over the last 10 years on the intricate ROS-dependent pathways that act as modifiers of the disease course in several myopathies. To this end, pathways related to mitochondrial biogenesis, satellite cell differentiation, and ER stress have been studied extensively in myopathies. Critical Issues: The analysis of the chemistry and the exact quantitation, as well as the localization of ROS, are still challenging due to the intrinsic labile nature of ROS and the technical limitations of their sensors. Future Directions: The mechanistic studies of the pathogenesis of mitochondrial and ER-related myopathies offer a unique possibility to discover novel ROS-dependent pathways. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 301-323.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukru Anil Dogan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Giacomo Giacchin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ester Zito
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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9
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Zhang Z, Deng K, Kang Z, Wang F, Fan Y. MicroRNA profiling reveals miR‐145‐5p inhibits goat myoblast differentiation by targeting the coding domain sequence of USP13. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22370. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200246r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Kaiping Deng
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Ziqi Kang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
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10
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Walsh CJ, Escudero King C, Gupta M, Plant PJ, Herridge MJ, Mathur S, Hu P, Correa J, Ahmed S, Bigot A, Dos Santos CC, Batt J. MicroRNA regulatory networks associated with abnormal muscle repair in survivors of critical illness. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1262-1276. [PMID: 35092190 PMCID: PMC8977950 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired weakness is characterized by muscle atrophy and impaired contractility that may persist after ICU discharge. Dysregulated muscle repair and regeneration gene co-expression networks are present in critical illness survivors with persistent muscle wasting and weakness. We aimed to identify microRNAs (miRs) regulating the gene networks and determine their role in the self-renewal of muscle in ICU survivors. METHODS Muscle whole-transcriptome expression was assessed with microarrays in banked quadriceps biopsies obtained at 7 days and 6 months post-ICU discharge from critically ill patients (n = 15) in the RECOVER programme and healthy individuals (n = 8). We conducted an integrated miR-messenger RNA analysis to identify miR/gene pairs associated with muscle recovery post-critical illness and evaluated their impact on myoblast proliferation and differentiation in human AB1167 and murine C2C12 cell lines in vitro. Select target genes were validated with quantitative PCR. RESULTS Twenty-two miRs were predicted to regulate the Day 7 post-ICU muscle transcriptome vs. controls. Thirty per cent of all differentially expressed genes shared a 3'UTR regulatory sequence for miR-424-3p/5p, which was 10-fold down-regulated in patients (P < 0.001) and correlated with quadriceps size (R = 0.86, P < 0.001), strength (R = 0.75, P = 0.007), and physical function (Functional Independence Measures motor subscore, R = 0.92, P < 0.001) suggesting its potential role as a master regulator of early recovery of muscle mass and strength following ICU discharge. Network analysis demonstrated enrichment for cellular respiration and muscle fate commitment/development related genes. At 6 months post-ICU discharge, a 14-miR expression signature, including miRs-490-3p and -744-5p, identified patients with muscle mass recovery vs. those with sustained atrophy. Constitutive overexpression of the novel miR-490-3p significantly inhibited AB1167 and C2C12 myoblast proliferation (cell count AB1167 miR-490-3p mimic or scrambled-miR transfected myoblasts 7926 ± 4060 vs. 14 159 ± 3515 respectively, P = 0.006; proportion Ki67-positive nuclei AB1167 miR-490-3p mimic or scrambled-miR transfected myoblasts 0.38 ± 0.07 vs. 0.54 ± 0.06 respectively, P < 0.001; proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression AB1167 miR-490-3p mimic or scrambled-miR transfected myoblasts 11.48 ± 1.97 vs. 16.75 ± 1.19 respectively, P = 0.040). Constitutive overexpression of miR-744-5p, a known regulator of myogenesis, significantly inhibited AB1167 and C2C12 myoblast differentiation (fusion index AB1167 miR-744-5p mimic or scrambled-miR transfected myoblasts 8.31 ± 7.00% vs. 40.29 ± 9.37% respectively, P < 0.001; myosin heavy chain expression miR-744-5p mimic or scrambled-miR transfected myoblasts 0.92 ± 0.39 vs. 13.53 ± 5.5 respectively, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Combined functional transcriptomics identified 36 miRs including miRs-424-3p/5p, -490-3p, and -744-5p as potential regulators of gene networks associated with recovery of muscle mass and strength following critical illness. MiR-490-3p is identified as a novel regulator of myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Walsh
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carlos Escudero King
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muskan Gupta
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela J Plant
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret J Herridge
- University Health Network, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sunita Mathur
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pingzhao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Judy Correa
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sameen Ahmed
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Bigot
- INSERM, Institute of Myology, Research Center in Myology, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jane Batt
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Chen MM, Li Y, Deng SL, Zhao Y, Lian ZX, Yu K. Mitochondrial Function and Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species in Skeletal Muscle. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:826981. [PMID: 35265618 PMCID: PMC8898899 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.826981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers contain a large number of mitochondria, which produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and provide energy for muscle contraction. In this process, mitochondria also produce several types of "reactive species" as side product, such as reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species which have attracted interest. Mitochondria have been proven to have an essential role in the production of skeletal muscle reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS). Traditionally, the elevation in RONS production is related to oxidative stress, leading to impaired skeletal muscle contractility and muscle atrophy. However, recent studies have shown that the optimal RONS level under the action of antioxidants is a critical physiological signal in skeletal muscle. Here, we will review the origin and physiological functions of RONS, mitochondrial structure and function, mitochondrial dynamics, and the coupling between RONS and mitochondrial oxidative stress. The crosstalk mechanism between mitochondrial function and RONS in skeletal muscle and its regulation of muscle stem cell fate and myogenesis will also be discussed. In all, this review aims to describe a comprehensive and systematic network for the interaction between skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and RONS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Long Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Xing Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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12
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ZSWIM8 is a myogenic protein that partly prevents C2C12 differentiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20880. [PMID: 34686700 PMCID: PMC8536758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule-related/downregulated by oncogenes (Cdon) is a cell-surface receptor that mediates cell–cell interactions and positively regulates myogenesis. The cytoplasmic region of Cdon interacts with other proteins to form a Cdon/JLP/Bnip-2/CDC42 complex that activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and induces myogenesis. However, Cdon complex may include other proteins during myogenesis. In this study, we found that Cullin 2-interacting protein zinc finger SWIM type containing 8 (ZSWIM8) ubiquitin ligase is induced during C2C12 differentiation and is included in the Cdon complex. We knocked-down Zswim8 in C2C12 cells to determine the effect of ZSWIM8 on differentiation. However, we detected neither ZSWIM8-dependent ubiquitination nor the degradation of Bnip2, Cdon, or JLP. In contrast, ZSWIM8 knockdown accelerated C2C12 differentiation. These results suggest that ZSWIM8 is a Cdon complex-included myogenic protein that prevents C2C12 differentiation without affecting the stability of Bnip2, Cdon, and JLP.
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13
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Choi KH, Yoon JW, Kim M, Lee HJ, Jeong J, Ryu M, Jo C, Lee CK. Muscle stem cell isolation and in vitro culture for meat production: A methodological review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:429-457. [PMID: 33443788 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cultured muscle tissue-based protein products, also known as cultured meat, are produced through in vitro myogenesis involving muscle stem cell culture and differentiation, and mature muscle cell processing for flavor and texture. This review focuses on the in vitro myogenesis for cultured meat production. The muscle stem cell-based in vitro muscle tissue production consists of a sequential process: (1) muscle sampling for stem cell collection, (2) muscle tissue dissociation and muscle stem cell isolation, (3) primary cell culture, (4) upscaled cell culture, (5) muscle differentiation and maturation, and (6) muscle tissue harvest. Although muscle stem cell research is a well-established field, the majority of these steps remain to be underoptimized to enable the in vitro creation of edible muscle-derived meat products. The profound understanding of the process would help not only cultured meat production but also business sectors that have been seeking new biomaterials for the food industry. In this review, we discuss comprehensively and in detail each step of cutting-edge methods for cultured meat production. This would be meaningful for both academia and industry to prepare for the new era of cellular agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsol Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Ryu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
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14
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p38 MAPK Pathway in the Heart: New Insights in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197412. [PMID: 33049962 PMCID: PMC7582802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) family controls cell adaptation to stress stimuli. p38 function has been studied in depth in relation to cardiac development and function. The first isoform demonstrated to play an important role in cardiac development was p38α; however, all p38 family members are now known to collaborate in different aspects of cardiomyocyte differentiation and growth. p38 family members have been proposed to have protective and deleterious actions in the stressed myocardium, with the outcome of their action in part dependent on the model system under study and the identity of the activated p38 family member. Most studies to date have been performed with inhibitors that are not isoform-specific, and, consequently, knowledge remains very limited about how the different p38s control cardiac physiology and respond to cardiac stress. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of the p38 pathway in cardiac physiology and discuss recent advances in the field.
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15
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Guo Y, Wang M, Ge J, Niu W, Chen M, Cheng W, Lei B. Bioactive biodegradable polycitrate nanoclusters enhances the myoblast differentiation and in vivo skeletal muscle regeneration via p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:486-495. [PMID: 32322759 PMCID: PMC7162996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete skeletal muscle repair and regeneration due to severe large injury or disease is still a challenge. Biochemical cues are critical to control myoblast cell function and can be utilized to develop smart biomaterials for skeletal muscle engineering. Citric acid-based biodegradable polymers have received much attention on tissue engineering, however, their regulation on myoblast cell differentiation and mechanism was few investigated. Here, we find that citrate-based polycitrate-polyethylene glycol-polyethylenimine (POCG-PEI600) nanoclusters can significantly enhance the in vitro myoblast proliferation by probably reinforcing the mitochondrial number, promote the myotube formation and full-thickness skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo by activating the myogenic biomarker genes expression of Myod and Mhc. POCG-PEI600 nanoclusters could also promote the phosphorylation of p38 in MAP kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway, which led to the promotion of the myoblast differentiation. The in vivo skeletal muscle loss rat model also confirmed that POCG-PEI600 nanoclusters could significantly improve the angiogenesis, myofibers formation and complete skeletal muscle regeneration. POCG-PEI600 nanocluster could be also biodegraded into small molecules and eliminated in vivo, suggesting their high biocompatibility and biosafety. This study could provide a bioactive biomaterial-based strategy to repair and regenerate skeletal muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Min Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Juan Ge
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Wen Niu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Mi Chen
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710000, China
- Instrument Analysis Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
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16
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Bhattacharya D, Scimè A. Mitochondrial Function in Muscle Stem Cell Fates. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:480. [PMID: 32612995 PMCID: PMC7308489 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial organelles that control cellular metabolism through an integrated mechanism of energy generation via oxidative phosphorylation. Apart from this canonical role, it is also integral for ROS production, fatty acid metabolism and epigenetic remodeling. Recently, a role for the mitochondria in effecting stem cell fate decisions has gained considerable interest. This is important for skeletal muscle, which exhibits a remarkable property for regeneration following injury, owing to satellite cells (SCs), the adult myogenic stem cells. Mitochondrial function is associated with maintaining and dictating SC fates, linked to metabolic programming during quiescence, activation, self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. Notably, mitochondrial adaptation might take place to alter SC fates and function in the presence of different environmental cues. This review dissects the contribution of mitochondria to SC operational outcomes, focusing on how their content, function, dynamics and adaptability work to influence SC fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Bhattacharya
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Scimè
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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17
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Odeh M, Tamir‐Livne Y, Haas T, Bengal E. P38α MAPK coordinates the activities of several metabolic pathways that together induce atrophy of denervated muscles. FEBS J 2019; 287:73-93. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maali Odeh
- Department of Biochemistry Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Yael Tamir‐Livne
- Department of Biochemistry Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Tali Haas
- Pre‐Clinical Research Authority Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Eyal Bengal
- Department of Biochemistry Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
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18
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Pim1 kinase positively regulates myoblast behaviors and skeletal muscle regeneration. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:773. [PMID: 31601787 PMCID: PMC6787030 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle regeneration after injury depends on normal myoblast function. However, the intrinsic mechanisms for the control of myoblast behaviors are not well defined. Herein, we identified Pim1 kinase as a novel positive regulator of myoblast behaviors in vitro and muscle regeneration in vivo. Specifically, knockdown of Pim1 significantly restrains the proliferation and accelerates the apoptosis of myoblasts in vitro, indicating that Pim1 is critical for myoblast survival and amplification. Meanwhile, we found that Pim1 kinase is increased and translocated from cytoplasm into nucleus during myogenic differentiation. By using Pim1 kinase inhibitor, we proved that inhibition of Pim1 activity prevents myoblast differentiation and fusion, suggesting the necessity of Pim1 kinase activity for proper myogenesis. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that Pim1 kinase interacts with myogenic regulator MyoD and controls its transcriptional activity, inducing the expression of muscle-specific genes, which consequently promotes myogenic differentiation. Additionally, in skeletal muscle injury mouse model, deletion of Pim1 hinders the regeneration of muscle fibers and the recovery of muscle strength. Taken together, our study provides a potential target for the manipulation of myoblast behaviors in vitro and the myoblast-based therapeutics of skeletal muscle injury.
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19
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Oliva J, Galasinski S, Richey A, Campbell AE, Meyers MJ, Modi N, Zhong JW, Tawil R, Tapscott SJ, Sverdrup FM. Clinically Advanced p38 Inhibitors Suppress DUX4 Expression in Cellular and Animal Models of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:219-230. [PMID: 31189728 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.259663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is characterized by misexpression of the double homeobox 4 (DUX4) developmental transcription factor in mature skeletal muscle, where it is responsible for muscle degeneration. Preventing expression of DUX4 mRNA is a disease-modifying therapeutic strategy with the potential to halt or reverse the course of disease. We previously reported that agonists of the β-2 adrenergic receptor suppress DUX4 expression by activating adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP levels. Efforts to further explore this signaling pathway led to the identification of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase as a major regulator of DUX4 expression. In vitro experiments demonstrate that clinically advanced p38 inhibitors suppress DUX4 expression in FSHD type 1 and 2 myoblasts and differentiating myocytes in vitro with exquisite potency. Individual small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of either p38α or p38β suppresses DUX4 expression, demonstrating that each kinase isoform plays a distinct requisite role in activating DUX4 Finally, p38 inhibitors effectively suppress DUX4 expression in a mouse xenograft model of human FSHD gene regulation. These data support the repurposing of existing clinical p38 inhibitors as potential therapeutics for FSHD. The surprise finding that p38α and p38β isoforms each independently contribute to DUX4 expression offers a unique opportunity to explore the utility of p38 isoform-selective inhibitors to balance efficacy and safety in skeletal muscle. We propose p38 inhibition as a disease-modifying therapeutic strategy for FSHD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) currently has no treatment options. This work provides evidence that repurposing a clinically advanced p38 inhibitor may provide the first disease-modifying drug for FSHD by suppressing toxic DUX4 expression, the root cause of muscle degeneration in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Oliva
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
| | - Scott Galasinski
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
| | - Amelia Richey
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
| | - Amy E Campbell
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
| | - Marvin J Meyers
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
| | - Neal Modi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
| | - Jun Wen Zhong
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
| | - Rabi Tawil
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
| | - Stephen J Tapscott
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
| | - Francis M Sverdrup
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.O., A.R., N.M., F.M.S.) and Chemistry (M.J.M.), Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California (S.G.); Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.E.C., J.W.Z., S.J.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (R.T.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.J.T.)
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20
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Siles L, Ninfali C, Cortés M, Darling DS, Postigo A. ZEB1 protects skeletal muscle from damage and is required for its regeneration. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1364. [PMID: 30910999 PMCID: PMC6434033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms linking muscle injury and regeneration are not fully understood. Here we report an unexpected role for ZEB1 regulating inflammatory and repair responses in dystrophic and acutely injured muscles. ZEB1 is upregulated in the undamaged and regenerating myofibers of injured muscles. Compared to wild-type counterparts, Zeb1-deficient injured muscles exhibit enhanced damage that corresponds with a retarded p38-MAPK-dependent transition of their macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Zeb1-deficient injured muscles also display a delayed and poorer regeneration that is accounted by the retarded anti-inflammatory macrophage transition and their intrinsically deficient muscle satellite cells (MuSCs). Macrophages in Zeb1-deficient injured muscles show lower phosphorylation of p38 and its forced activation reverts the enhanced muscle damage and poorer regeneration. MuSCs require ZEB1 to maintain their quiescence, prevent their premature activation following injury, and drive efficient regeneration in dystrophic muscles. These data indicate that ZEB1 protects muscle from damage and is required for its regeneration. Following muscle damage, an inflammatory response is associated to activation of satellite cells, which drive muscle repair. Here, the authors show that upregulation of Zeb1 in macrophages and muscle fibres regulates inflammation, and also show a role for Zeb1 in maintenance of satellite cell quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Siles
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Ninfali
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marlies Cortés
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Douglas S Darling
- Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Antonio Postigo
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Molecular Targets Program, James G. Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain.
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21
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L'honoré A, Commère PH, Negroni E, Pallafacchina G, Friguet B, Drouin J, Buckingham M, Montarras D. The role of Pitx2 and Pitx3 in muscle stem cells gives new insights into P38α MAP kinase and redox regulation of muscle regeneration. eLife 2018; 7:e32991. [PMID: 30106373 PMCID: PMC6191287 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration depends on satellite cells. After injury these muscle stem cells exit quiescence, proliferate and differentiate to regenerate damaged fibres. We show that this progression is accompanied by metabolic changes leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using Pitx2/3 single and double mutant mice that provide genetic models of deregulated redox states, we demonstrate that moderate overproduction of ROS results in premature differentiation of satellite cells while high levels lead to their senescence and regenerative failure. Using the ROS scavenger, N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC), in primary cultures we show that a physiological increase in ROS is required for satellite cells to exit the cell cycle and initiate differentiation through the redox activation of p38α MAP kinase. Subjecting cultured satellite cells to transient inhibition of P38α MAP kinase in conjunction with NAC treatment leads to their rapid expansion, with striking improvement of their regenerative potential in grafting experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore L'honoré
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS, UMR 3738Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Biological Adaptation and Aging-IBPS, CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
| | | | - Elisa Negroni
- Center for Research in MyologySorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
| | - Giorgia Pallafacchina
- NeuroscienceInstitute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Italian National Research CouncilUniversityof PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- Biological Adaptation and Aging-IBPS, CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
| | - Jacques Drouin
- Laboratory of Molecular GeneticsInstitut de Recherches Cliniques de MontréalMontréalCanada
| | - Margaret Buckingham
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS, UMR 3738Institut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Didier Montarras
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS, UMR 3738Institut PasteurParisFrance
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22
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Maintaining bovine satellite cells stemness through p38 pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10808. [PMID: 30018348 PMCID: PMC6050236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolating and maintaining the appropriate stem cell for large scale cell culture is essential in tissue engineering or food production. For bovine satellite cells an optimized isolation and purification protocol is lacking and there is also no detailed understanding on the factors that maintain stemness of these cells. Here, we set up a fluorescence-activated cell sorting strategy to enrich bovine satellite cells. We found that p38-MAPK signalling is activated and PAX7 expression is gradually lost during satellite cell proliferation. The p38 inhibitor (SB203580) treatment maintained PAX7 expression but inhibited the fusion of satellite cells in a concentration-dependent way in short-term incubation. The mechanism of p38 inhibition was confirmed by inhibiting canonical p38 signalling, i.e. HSP27. Long-term culture with an appropriate concentration of p38i enhanced the proliferation and PAX7 expression, while the differentiation capacity recovered and was enhanced compared to vehicle control. These studies indicate that bovine satellite cells maintenance depends on cell purity and p38 MAPK signalling. Inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling is a promising strategy to facilitate large scale cell expansion of primary cells for tissue engineering and cultured meat purposes.
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23
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Tan DQ, Suda T. Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Homeostasis as Regulators of Stem Cell Fate and Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:149-168. [PMID: 28708000 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The precise role and impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stem cells, which are essential for lifelong tissue homeostasis and regeneration, remain of significant interest to the field. The long-term regenerative potential of a stem cell compartment is determined by the delicate balance between quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation, all of which can be influenced by ROS levels. Recent Advances: The past decade has seen a growing appreciation for the importance of ROS and redox homeostasis in various stem cell compartments, particularly those of hematopoietic, neural, and muscle tissues. In recent years, the importance of proteostasis and mitochondria in relation to stem cell biology and redox homeostasis has garnered considerable interest. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we explore the reciprocal relationship between ROS and stem cells, with significant emphasis on mitochondria as a core component of redox homeostasis. We discuss how redox signaling, involving cell-fate determining protein kinases and transcription factors, can control stem cell function and fate. We also address the impact of oxidative stress on stem cells, especially oxidative damage of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. We further discuss ROS management in stem cells, and present recent evidence supporting the importance of mitochondrial activity and its modulation (via mitochondrial clearance, biogenesis, dynamics, and distribution [i.e., segregation and transfer]) in stem cell redox homeostasis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Therefore, elucidating the intricate links between mitochondria, cellular metabolism, and redox homeostasis is envisioned to be critical for our understanding of ROS in stem cell biology and its therapeutic relevance in regenerative medicine. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Q Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Yuasa K, Okubo K, Yoda M, Otsu K, Ishii Y, Nakamura M, Itoh Y, Horiuchi K. Targeted ablation of p38α MAPK suppresses denervation-induced muscle atrophy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9037. [PMID: 29899565 PMCID: PMC5998077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26632-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of skeletal muscle mass is a major cause of falls and fractures in the elderly, leading to compromised independence and a decrease in the quality of life. However, only a few therapeutic interventions leading to marginal clinical benefits in patients with this condition are currently available. Therefore, the demand to further understand the pathology of muscle atrophy and establish a treatment modality for patients with muscle atrophy is significant. p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α MAPK) is a ubiquitous signaling molecule that is implicated in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and senescence. In the present study, we generated a mutant line in which p38α MAPK is specifically abrogated in muscle tissues. Compared with the control mice, these mutant mice are significantly resistant to denervation-induced muscle atrophy, suggesting that p38α MAPK positively regulates muscle atrophy. We also identified CAMK2B as a potential downstream target of p38α MAPK and found that the pharmacological inhibition of CAMK2B activity suppresses denervation-induced muscle atrophy. Altogether, our findings identify p38α MAPK as a novel regulator of muscle atrophy and suggest that the suppression of intracellular signaling mediated by p38α MAPK serves as a potential target for the treatment of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yuasa
- Pharmacological R&D Section, Pharmaceutical Research Department, Sato Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-8-5 Higashi-ohi, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 140-0011, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Okubo
- Pharmacological R&D Section, Pharmaceutical Research Department, Sato Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-8-5 Higashi-ohi, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 140-0011, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kinya Otsu
- The School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Yasuyuki Ishii
- Pharmacological R&D Section, Pharmaceutical Research Department, Sato Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-8-5 Higashi-ohi, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 140-0011, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Itoh
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Sato Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-8-5 Higashi-ohi, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 140-0011, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
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Bolus DJ, Shanmugam G, Narasimhan M, Rajasekaran NS. Recurrent heat shock impairs the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:399-410. [PMID: 29063376 PMCID: PMC5904084 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-related illness and injury are becoming a growing safety concern for the farmers, construction workers, miners, firefighters, manufacturing workers, and other outdoor workforces who are exposed to heat stress in their routine lives. A primary response by a cell to an acute heat shock (HS) exposure is the induction of heat-shock proteins (HSPs), which chaperone and facilitate cellular protein folding and remodeling processes. While acute HS is well studied, the effect of repeated bouts of hyperthermia and the sustained production of HSPs in the myoblast-myotube model system of C2C12 cells are poorly characterized. In C2C12 myoblasts, we found that robust HS (43 °C, dose/time) significantly decreased the proliferation by 50% as early as on day 1 and maintained at the same level on days 2 and 3 of HS. This was accompanied by an accumulation of cells at G2 phase with reduced cell number in G1 phase indicating cell cycle arrest. FACS analysis indicates that there was no apparent change in apoptosis (markers) and cell death upon repeated HS. Immunoblot analysis and qPCR demonstrated a significant increase in the baseline expression of HSP25, 70, and 90 (among others) in cells after a single HS (43 °C) for 60 min as a typical HS response. Importantly, the repeated HS for 60 min each on days 2 and 3 maintained the elevated levels of HSPs compared to the control cells. Further, the continuous HS exposure resulted in significant inhibition of the differentiation of C2C12 myocytes to myotubes and only 1/10th of the cells underwent differentiation in HS relative to control. This was associated with significantly higher levels of HSPs and reduced expression of myogenin and Myh2 (P < 0.05), the genes involved in the differentiation process. Finally, the cell migration (scratch) assay indicated that the wound closure was significantly delayed in HS cells relative to the control cells. Overall, these results suggest that a repeated HS may perturb the active process of proliferation, motility, and differentiation processes in an in vitro murine myoblast-myotube model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Bolus
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2180, USA
| | - Gobinath Shanmugam
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2180, USA
| | - Madhusudhanan Narasimhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
| | - Namakkal S Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2180, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
- Center for Free Radical Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2180, USA.
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Ding H, Zhang G, Sin KWT, Liu Z, Lin RK, Li M, Li YP. Activin A induces skeletal muscle catabolism via p38β mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:202-212. [PMID: 27897407 PMCID: PMC5377410 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of type IIB activin receptor (ActRIIB) in skeletal muscle leads to muscle atrophy because of increased muscle protein degradation. However, the intracellular signalling mechanism that mediates ActRIIB-activated muscle catabolism is poorly defined. METHODS We investigated the role of p38β mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in mediating ActRIIB ligand activin A-activated muscle catabolic pathways in C2C12 myotubes and in mice with perturbation of this kinase pharmacologically and genetically. RESULTS Treatment of C2C12 myotubes with activin A or myostatin rapidly activated p38 MAPK and its effector C/EBPβ within 1 h. Paradoxically, Akt was activated at the same time through a p38 MAPK-independent mechanism. These events were followed by up-regulation of ubiquitin ligases atrogin1 (MAFbx) and UBR2 (E3α-II), as well as increase in LC3-II, a marker of autophagosome formation, leading to myofibrillar protein loss and myotube atrophy. The catabolic effects of activin A were abolished by p38α/β MAPK inhibitor SB202190. Using small interfering RNA-mediated gene knockdown, we found that the catabolic activity of activin A was dependent on p38β MAPK specifically. Importantly, systemic administration of activin A to mice similarly activated the catabolic pathways in vivo, and this effect was blocked by SB202190. Further, activin A failed to activate the catabolic pathways in mice with muscle-specific knockout of p38β MAPK. Interestingly, activin A up-regulated MuRF1 in a p38 MAPK-independent manner, and MuRF1 did not appear responsible for activin A-induced myosin heavy chain loss and muscle atrophy. CONCLUSIONS ActRIIB-mediated activation of muscle catabolism is dependent on p38β MAPK-activated signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yixing Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ka Wai Thomas Sin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhelong Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ren-Kuo Lin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Xiong G, Hindi SM, Mann AK, Gallot YS, Bohnert KR, Cavener DR, Whittemore SR, Kumar A. The PERK arm of the unfolded protein response regulates satellite cell-mediated skeletal muscle regeneration. eLife 2017; 6:22871. [PMID: 28332979 PMCID: PMC5391206 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of skeletal muscle in adults is mediated by satellite stem cells. Accumulation of misfolded proteins triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress that leads to unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is relayed to the cell through the activation of PERK, IRE1/XBP1, and ATF6. Here, we demonstrate that levels of PERK and IRE1 are increased in satellite cells upon muscle injury. Inhibition of PERK, but not the IRE1 arm of the UPR in satellite cells inhibits myofiber regeneration in adult mice. PERK is essential for the survival and differentiation of activated satellite cells into the myogenic lineage. Deletion of PERK causes hyper-activation of p38 MAPK during myogenesis. Blocking p38 MAPK activity improves the survival and differentiation of PERK-deficient satellite cells in vitro and muscle formation in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that the PERK arm of the UPR plays a pivotal role in the regulation of satellite cell homeostasis during regenerative myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Xiong
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, United States
| | - Sajedah M Hindi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, United States
| | - Aman K Mann
- duPont Manual High School, Louisville, United States
| | - Yann S Gallot
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, United States
| | - Kyle R Bohnert
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, United States
| | - Douglas R Cavener
- Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States
| | - Scott R Whittemore
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, United States
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, United States
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Zhu P, Zhou Y, Wu F, Hong Y, Wang X, Shekhawat G, Mosenson J, Wu WS. Selective Expansion of Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells from Bulk Muscle Cells in Soft Three-Dimensional Fibrin Gel. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1412-1423. [PMID: 28244269 PMCID: PMC5442710 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) exhibit robust myogenic potential in vivo, thus providing a promising curative treatment for muscle disorders. Ex vivo expansion of adult MuSCs is highly desired to achieve a therapeutic cell dose because of their scarcity in limited muscle biopsies. Sorting of pure MuSCs is generally required for all the current culture systems. Here we developed a soft three‐dimensional (3D) salmon fibrin gel culture system that can selectively expand mouse MuSCs from bulk skeletal muscle preparations without cell sorting and faithfully maintain their regenerative capacity in culture. Our study established a novel platform for convenient ex vivo expansion of MuSCs, thus greatly advancing stem cell‐based therapies for various muscle disorders. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1412–1423
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yalu Zhou
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Furen Wu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yuanfan Hong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Gajendra Shekhawat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey Mosenson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wen-Shu Wu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem cells, originally termed satellite cells for their position adjacent to differentiated muscle fibers, are absolutely required for the process of skeletal muscle repair and regeneration. In the last decade, satellite cells have become one of the most studied adult stem cell systems and have emerged as a standard model not only in the field of stem cell-driven tissue regeneration but also in stem cell dysfunction and aging. Here, we provide background in the field and discuss recent advances in our understanding of muscle stem cell function and dysfunction, particularly in the case of aging, and the potential involvement of muscle stem cells in genetic diseases such as the muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ddw Cornelison
- Division of Biological Sciences and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Eusebio Perdiguero
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Nicoll JX, Fry AC, Galpin AJ, Sterczala AJ, Thomason DB, Moore CA, Weiss LW, Chiu LZF. Changes in resting mitogen-activated protein kinases following resistance exercise overreaching and overtraining. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:2401-2413. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Cortez I, Bulavin DV, Wu P, McGrath EL, Cunningham KA, Wakamiya M, Papaconstantinou J, Dineley KT. Aged dominant negative p38α MAPK mice are resistant to age-dependent decline in adult-neurogenesis and context discrimination fear conditioning. Behav Brain Res 2016; 322:212-222. [PMID: 27765672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A major aspect of mammalian aging is the decline in functional competence of many self-renewing cell types, including adult-born neuronal precursors. Since age-related senescence of self-renewal occurs simultaneously with chronic up-regulation of the p38MAPKalpha (p38α) signaling pathway, we used the dominant negative mouse model for attenuated p38α activity (DN-p38αAF/+) in which Thr180 and Tyr182 are mutated (T→A/Y→F) to prevent phosphorylation activation (DN-p38αAF/+) and kinase activity. As a result, aged DN-p38αAF/+ mice are resistant to age-dependent decline in proliferation and regeneration of several peripheral tissue progenitors when compared to wild-type littermates. Aging is the major risk factor for non-inherited forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD); environmental and genetic risk factors that accelerate the senescence phenotype are thought to contribute to an individual's relative risk. In the present study, we evaluated aged DN-p38αAF/+ and wildtype littermates in a series of behavioral paradigms to test if p38α mutant mice exhibit altered baseline abnormalities in neurological reflexes, locomotion, anxiety-like behavior, and age-dependent cognitive decline. While aged DN-p38αAF/+ and wildtype littermates appear equal in all tested baseline neurological and behavioral parameters, DN-p38αAF/+ exhibit superior context discrimination fear conditioning. Context discrimination is a cognitive task that is supported by proliferation and differentiation of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Consistent with enhanced context discrimination in aged DN-p38αAF/+, we discovered enhanced production of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus of DN-p38αAF/+ mice compared to wildtype littermates. Our findings support the notion that p38α inhibition has therapeutic utility in aging diseases that affect cognition, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- IbDanelo Cortez
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA.
| | - Dmitry V Bulavin
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice, INSERM, University of Nice, France
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
| | - Erica L McGrath
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
| | - Kathryn A Cunningham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
| | - Maki Wakamiya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA; Transgenic Mouse Core Facility, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
| | - John Papaconstantinou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
| | - Kelly T Dineley
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
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Segalés J, Perdiguero E, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Regulation of Muscle Stem Cell Functions: A Focus on the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:91. [PMID: 27626031 PMCID: PMC5003838 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of skeletal muscle fibers (myogenesis) during development and after tissue injury in the adult constitutes an excellent paradigm to investigate the mechanisms whereby environmental cues control gene expression programs in muscle stem cells (satellite cells) by acting on transcriptional and epigenetic effectors. Here we will review the molecular mechanisms implicated in the transition of satellite cells throughout the distinct myogenic stages (i.e., activation from quiescence, proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal). We will also discuss recent findings on the causes underlying satellite cell functional decline with aging. In particular, our review will focus on the epigenetic changes underlying fate decisions and on how the p38 MAPK signaling pathway integrates the environmental signals at the chromatin to build up satellite cell adaptive responses during the process of muscle regeneration, and how these responses are altered in aging. A better comprehension of the signaling pathways connecting external and intrinsic factors will illuminate the path for improving muscle regeneration in the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Segalés
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eusebio Perdiguero
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Pompeu Fabra UniversityBarcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)Barcelona, Spain; Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadrid, Spain
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Papaconstantinou J, Wang CZ, Zhang M, Yang S, Deford J, Bulavin DV, Ansari NH. Attenuation of p38α MAPK stress response signaling delays the in vivo aging of skeletal muscle myofibers and progenitor cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:718-33. [PMID: 26423835 PMCID: PMC4600628 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Functional competence and self-renewal of mammalian skeletal muscle myofibers and progenitor cells declines with age. Progression of the muscle aging phenotype involves the decline of juvenile protective factors i.e., proteins whose beneficial functions translate directly to the quality of life, and self-renewal of progenitor cells. These characteristics occur simultaneously with the age-associated increase of p38α stress response signaling. This suggests that the maintenance of low levels of p38α activity of juvenile tissues may delay or attenuate aging. We used the dominant negative haploinsufficient p38α mouse (DN-p38αAF/+) to demonstrate that in vivo attenuation of p38α activity in the gastrocnemius of the aged mutant delays age-associated processes that include: a) the decline of the juvenile protective factors, BubR1, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A (ALDH1A1), and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2); b) attenuated expression of p16Ink4a and p19Arf tumor suppressor genes of the Cdkn2a locus; c) decreased levels of hydroxynonenal protein adducts, expression of COX2 and iNOS; d) decline of the senescent progenitor cell pool level and d) the loss of gastrocnemius muscle mass. We propose that elevated P-p38α activity promotes skeletal muscle aging and that the homeostasis of p38α impacts the maintenance of a beneficial healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Papaconstantinou
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77551-06743, USA
| | - Chen Z Wang
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77551-06743, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77551-06743, USA
| | - San Yang
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77551-06743, USA
| | - James Deford
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77551-06743, USA
| | - Dmitry V Bulavin
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice, INSERM, U1081-UMR CNRS 7284, University of Nice - Sophia Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Naseem H Ansari
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77551-06743, USA
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35
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Belizário JE, Fontes-Oliveira CC, Borges JP, Kashiabara JA, Vannier E. Skeletal muscle wasting and renewal: a pivotal role of myokine IL-6. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:619. [PMID: 27330885 PMCID: PMC4870483 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adult skeletal tissue is composed of heterogeneous population of cells that constantly self-renew by means of a controlled process of activation and proliferation of tissue-resident stem cells named satellite cells. Many growth factors, cytokines and myokines produced by skeletal muscle cells play critical roles in local regulation of the inflammatory process and skeletal muscle regeneration during different pathological conditions. IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine released in large amount during infection, autoimmunity and cancer. Low levels of IL-6 can promote activation of satellite cells and myotube regeneration while chronically elevated production promote skeletal muscle wasting. These distinct effects may be explained by a crosstalk of the IL-6/IL-6 receptor and gp130 trans-signaling pathway that oppose to regenerative and anti-inflammatory of the classical IL-6 receptor signaling pathway. Here we discuss on potential therapeutic strategies using monoclonal antibodies to IL-6R for the treatment of skeletal muscle wasting and cachexia. We also highlight on the IL-6/JAK/STAT and FGF/p38αβ MAPK signaling pathways in satellite cell activation and the use of protein kinase inhibitors for tailoring and optimizing satellite cell proliferation during the skeletal muscle renewal. Future investigations on the roles of the IL-6 classical and trans-signaling pathways in both immune and non-immune cells in skeletal muscle tissue will provide new basis for therapeutic approaches to reverse atrophy and degeneration of skeletal muscles in cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José E Belizário
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP 05508-900 Brazil
| | | | - Janaina Padua Borges
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Janete Akemi Kashiabara
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Edouard Vannier
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111 USA
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Rodríguez-Carballo E, Gámez B, Ventura F. p38 MAPK Signaling in Osteoblast Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:40. [PMID: 27200351 PMCID: PMC4858538 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is a highly dynamic tissue whose structure relies on the balance between bone deposition and resorption. This equilibrium, which depends on osteoblast and osteoclast functions, is controlled by multiple factors that can be modulated post-translationally. Some of the modulators are Mitogen-activated kinases (MAPKs), whose role has been studied in vivo and in vitro. p38-MAPK modifies the transactivation ability of some key transcription factors in chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which affects their differentiation and function. Several commercially available inhibitors have helped to determine p38 action on these processes. Although it is frequently mentioned in the literature, this chemical approach is not always as accurate as it should be. Conditional knockouts are a useful genetic tool that could unravel the role of p38 in shaping the skeleton. In this review, we will summarize the state of the art on p38 activity during osteoblast differentiation and function, and emphasize the triggers of this MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Gámez
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona and IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona and IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain
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Segalés J, Islam ABMMK, Kumar R, Liu QC, Sousa-Victor P, Dilworth FJ, Ballestar E, Perdiguero E, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Chromatin-wide and transcriptome profiling integration uncovers p38α MAPK as a global regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation. Skelet Muscle 2016; 6:9. [PMID: 26981231 PMCID: PMC4791895 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular stimuli induce gene expression responses through intracellular signaling mediators. The p38 signaling pathway is a paradigm of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family that, although originally identified as stress-response mediator, contributes to establishing stem cell differentiation fates. p38α is central for induction of the differentiation fate of the skeletal muscle stem cells (satellite cells) through not fully characterized mechanisms. Methods To investigate the global gene transcription program regulated by p38α during satellite cell differentiation (myogenesis), and to specifically address whether this regulation occurs through direct action of p38α on gene promoters, we performed a combination of microarray gene expression and genome-wide binding analyses. For experimental robustness, two myogenic cellular systems with genetic and chemical loss of p38α function were used: (1) satellite cells derived from mice with muscle-specific deletion of p38α, and (2) the C2C12 murine myoblast cell line cultured in the absence or presence of the p38α/β inhibitor SB203580. Analyses were performed at cell proliferation and early differentiation stages. Results We show that p38α binds to a large set of active promoters during the transition of myoblasts from proliferation to differentiation stages. p38α-bound promoters are enriched with binding motifs for several transcription factors, with Sp1, Tcf3/E47, Lef1, FoxO4, MyoD, and NFATc standing out in all experimental conditions. p38α association with chromatin correlates very well with high levels of transcription, in agreement with its classical function as an activator of myogenic differentiation. Interestingly, p38α also associates with genes repressed at the onset of differentiation, thus highlighting the relevance of p38-dependent chromatin regulation for transcriptional activation and repression during myogenesis. Conclusions These results uncover p38α association and function on chromatin at novel classes of target genes during skeletal muscle cell differentiation. This is consistent with this MAPK isoform being a transcriptional regulator. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-016-0074-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Segalés
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abul B M M K Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Roshan Kumar
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Qi-Cai Liu
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
| | - Pedro Sousa-Victor
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain ; Present address: Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA USA
| | - F Jeffrey Dilworth
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Chromatin and Disease Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Programme (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eusebio Perdiguero
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain ; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Ex Vivo Expansion and In Vivo Self-Renewal of Human Muscle Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:621-32. [PMID: 26344908 PMCID: PMC4624935 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle stem cells, or satellite cells (SCs), regenerate functional muscle following transplantation into injured or diseased tissue. To gain insight into human SC (huSC) biology, we analyzed transcriptome dynamics by RNA sequencing of prospectively isolated quiescent and activated huSCs. This analysis indicated that huSCs differentiate and lose proliferative potential when maintained in high-mitogen conditions ex vivo. Further analysis of gene expression revealed that p38 MAPK acts in a transcriptional network underlying huSC self-renewal. Activation of p38 signaling correlated with huSC differentiation, while inhibition of p38 reversibly prevented differentiation, enabling expansion of huSCs. When transplanted, expanded huSCs differentiated to generate chimeric muscle and engrafted as SCs in the sublaminar niche with a greater frequency than freshly isolated cells or cells cultured without p38 inhibition. These studies indicate characteristics of the huSC transcriptome that promote expansion ex vivo to allow enhanced functional engraftment of a defined population of self-renewing huSCs. Prospective isolation of highly pure huSCs from diverse muscles RNA sequencing resource for studying the huSC transcriptome Core transcription factor regulatory network of huSC differentiation Expanded huSCs that are genetically manipulable and self-renew in vivo
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Santos LJ, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Harnessing magnetic-mechano actuation in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:471-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Morrissey JB, Cheng RY, Davoudi S, Gilbert PM. Biomechanical Origins of Muscle Stem Cell Signal Transduction. J Mol Biol 2015; 428:1441-54. [PMID: 26004541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, the most abundant and widespread tissue in the human body, contracts upon receiving electrochemical signals from the nervous system to support essential functions such as thermoregulation, limb movement, blinking, swallowing and breathing. Reconstruction of adult muscle tissue relies on a pool of mononucleate, resident muscle stem cells, known as "satellite cells", expressing the paired-box transcription factor Pax7 necessary for their specification during embryonic development and long-term maintenance during adult life. Satellite cells are located around the myofibres in a niche at the interface of the basal lamina and the host fibre plasma membrane (i.e., sarcolemma), at a very low frequency. Upon damage to the myofibres, quiescent satellite cells are activated and give rise to a population of transient amplifying myogenic progenitor cells, which eventually exit the cell cycle permanently and fuse to form new myofibres and regenerate the tissue. A subpopulation of satellite cells self-renew and repopulate the niche, poised to respond to future demands. Harnessing the potential of satellite cells relies on a complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms guiding their regulation in vivo. Over the past several decades, studies revealed many signal transduction pathways responsible for satellite cell fate decisions, but the niche cues driving the activation and silencing of these pathways are less clear. Here we explore the scintillating possibility that considering the dynamic changes in the biophysical properties of the skeletal muscle, namely stiffness, and the stretch and shear forces to which a myofibre can be subjected to may provide missing information necessary to gain a full understanding of satellite cell niche regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Morrissey
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S3G9; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S3E1
| | - Richard Y Cheng
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S3G9; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S3E1
| | - Sadegh Davoudi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S3G9; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S3E1
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S3G9; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S3E1.
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Padang R, Bagnall RD, Tsoutsman T, Bannon PG, Semsarian C. Comparative transcriptome profiling in human bicuspid aortic valve disease using RNA sequencing. Physiol Genomics 2015; 47:75-87. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00115.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic valvular degeneration and dysfunction is the most common complication of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease. Phenotypically, it ranges from calcific aortic stenosis to redundant or prolapsing regurgitant leaflets. The underlying molecular mechanism underpinning phenotype heterogeneity of valvular degeneration in BAV is poorly understood. We used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify genes and pathways responsible for the development of valvular degeneration in BAV, compared with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV). Comparative transcriptome analysis was performed on total RNA of aortic valve tissues of patients with diseased BAV ( n = 5) and calcified TAV ( n = 3). RNA-seq findings were validated by RT-qPCR. A total of 59 and 177 genes were significantly up- and downregulated, respectively, in BAV compared with TAV. Hierarchical clustering indicated heterogeneity within the BAV group, separating those with heavy calcification (BAVc) from those with redundant leaflets and/or minimal calcification (BAVr). Interestingly, the gene expression profile of the BAVc group closely resembled the TAV, with shared up- and downregulation of inflammatory and NOTCH1 signaling pathways, respectively. Downregulation of matrix protease ADAMTS9 and protein aggrecan were observed in BAVr compared with TAV. Dysregulation of fetal gene programs were also present, with notable downregulation of SEMA6B and SEMA3F in BAVr and BAVc compared with TAV, respectively. Upregulation of TBX20 was observed exclusively in BAVr compared with BAVc. In conclusion, diverging molecular mechanisms underpin phenotype heterogeneity of valvular degeneration in BAV and data from the present study suggest that there may be shared mechanisms leading to calcification in BAV and TAV. Recognition of these pathways is fundamental to improve our understanding of the molecular basis of human BAV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnasari Padang
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Baird Institute, Sydney, Australia; and
| | - Richard D. Bagnall
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tatiana Tsoutsman
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul G. Bannon
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Baird Institute, Sydney, Australia; and
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Parker MH. The altered fate of aging satellite cells is determined by signaling and epigenetic changes. Front Genet 2015; 6:59. [PMID: 25750654 PMCID: PMC4335604 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a striated tissue composed of multinucleated fibers that contract under the control of the somatic nervous system to direct movement. The stem cells of skeletal muscle, known as satellite cells, are responsible for muscle fiber growth, turnover, and regeneration. Satellite cells are activated and proliferate in response to stimuli, and simplistically, have two main fates—to repopulate the satellite cell niche, or differentiate to regenerate or repair muscle fibers. However, the ability to regenerate muscle and replace lost myofibers declines with age. This loss of function may be a result of extrinsic changes in the niche, such as alterations in signaling or modifications to the extracellular matrix. However, intrinsic epigenetic changes within satellite cells may also affect cell fate and cause a decline in regenerative capacity. This review will describe the mechanisms that regulate cell fate decisions in adult skeletal muscle, and how changes during aging affect muscle fiber turnover and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura H Parker
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA, USA
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Cosgrove BD, Gilbert PM, Porpiglia E, Mourkioti F, Lee SP, Corbel SY, Llewellyn ME, Delp SL, Blau HM. Rejuvenation of the muscle stem cell population restores strength to injured aged muscles. Nat Med 2014; 20:255-64. [PMID: 24531378 PMCID: PMC3949152 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The elderly often suffer from progressive muscle weakness and regenerative failure. We demonstrate that muscle regeneration is impaired with aging owing in part to a cell-autonomous functional decline in skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs). Two-thirds of MuSCs from aged mice are intrinsically defective relative to MuSCs from young mice, with reduced capacity to repair myofibers and repopulate the stem cell reservoir in vivo following transplantation. This deficiency is correlated with a higher incidence of cells that express senescence markers and is due to elevated activity of the p38α and p38β mitogen-activated kinase pathway. We show that these limitations cannot be overcome by transplantation into the microenvironment of young recipient muscles. In contrast, subjecting the MuSC population from aged mice to transient inhibition of p38α and p38β in conjunction with culture on soft hydrogel substrates rapidly expands the residual functional MuSC population from aged mice, rejuvenating its potential for regeneration and serial transplantation as well as strengthening of damaged muscles of aged mice. These findings reveal a synergy between biophysical and biochemical cues that provides a paradigm for a localized autologous muscle stem cell therapy for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Cosgrove
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Penney M. Gilbert
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering and Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ermelinda Porpiglia
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven P. Lee
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Stephane Y. Corbel
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Scott L. Delp
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Helen M. Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Bernet JD, Doles JD, Hall JK, Kelly Tanaka K, Carter TA, Olwin BB. p38 MAPK signaling underlies a cell-autonomous loss of stem cell self-renewal in skeletal muscle of aged mice. Nat Med 2014; 20:265-71. [PMID: 24531379 PMCID: PMC4070883 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle aging results in a gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle function and decreased regenerative capacity, which can lead to sarcopenia and increased mortality. While the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia remain unclear, the skeletal muscle stem cell, or satellite cell, is required for muscle regeneration. Therefore, identification of signaling pathways affecting satellite cell function during aging may provide insights into therapeutic targets for combating sarcopenia. Here, we show that a cell-autonomous loss in self-renewal occurs via alterations in FGF Receptor 1 and p38αβ MAPK signaling in aged satellite cells. We further demonstrate that pharmacological manipulation of these pathways can ameliorate age-associated self-renewal defects. Thus, our data highlight an age-associated deregulation of a satellite cell homeostatic network and reveal potential therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of progressive muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Bernet
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jason D Doles
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - John K Hall
- 1] Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA. [2]
| | - Kathleen Kelly Tanaka
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas A Carter
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Bradley B Olwin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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