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Shan Y, Zhang M, Tao E, Wang J, Wei N, Lu Y, Liu Q, Hao K, Zhou F, Wang G. Pharmacokinetic characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells in translational challenges. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:242. [PMID: 39271680 PMCID: PMC11399464 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) therapy has made substantial strides, transitioning from experimental clinical applications to commercial products. MSC therapies hold considerable promise for treating refractory and critical conditions such as acute graft-versus-host disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Despite recent successes in clinical and commercial applications, MSC therapy still faces challenges when used as a commercial product. Current detection methods have limitations, leaving the dynamic biodistribution, persistence in injured tissues, and ultimate fate of MSCs in patients unclear. Clarifying the relationship between the pharmacokinetic characteristics of MSCs and their therapeutic effects is crucial for patient stratification and the formulation of precise therapeutic regimens. Moreover, the development of advanced imaging and tracking technologies is essential to address these clinical challenges. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the kinetic properties, key regulatory molecules, different fates, and detection methods relevant to MSCs and discusses concerns in evaluating MSC druggability from the perspective of integrating pharmacokinetics and efficacy. A better understanding of these challenges could improve MSC clinical efficacy and speed up the introduction of MSC therapy products to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Shan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Enxiang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Renocell Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Renocell Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Jiangsu Renocell Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Hao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Kofsky JM, Babulic JL, Boddington ME, De León González FV, Capicciotti CJ. Glycosyltransferases as versatile tools to study the biology of glycans. Glycobiology 2023; 33:888-910. [PMID: 37956415 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
All cells are decorated with complex carbohydrate structures called glycans that serve as ligands for glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) to mediate a wide range of biological processes. Understanding the specific functions of glycans is key to advancing an understanding of human health and disease. However, the lack of convenient and accessible tools to study glycan-based interactions has been a defining challenge in glycobiology. Thus, the development of chemical and biochemical strategies to address these limitations has been a rapidly growing area of research. In this review, we describe the use of glycosyltransferases (GTs) as versatile tools to facilitate a greater understanding of the biological roles of glycans. We highlight key examples of how GTs have streamlined the preparation of well-defined complex glycan structures through chemoenzymatic synthesis, with an emphasis on synthetic strategies allowing for site- and branch-specific display of glyco-epitopes. We also describe how GTs have facilitated expansion of glyco-engineering strategies, on both glycoproteins and cell surfaces. Coupled with advancements in bioorthogonal chemistry, GTs have enabled selective glyco-epitope editing of glycoproteins and cells, selective glycan subclass labeling, and the introduction of novel biomolecule functionalities onto cells, including defined oligosaccharides, antibodies, and other proteins. Collectively, these approaches have contributed great insight into the fundamental biological roles of glycans and are enabling their application in drug development and cellular therapies, leaving the field poised for rapid expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Kofsky
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jonathan L Babulic
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Marie E Boddington
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | | | - Chantelle J Capicciotti
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Queen's University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
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Troncoso MF, Elola MT, Blidner AG, Sarrias L, Espelt MV, Rabinovich GA. The universe of galectin-binding partners and their functions in health and disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105400. [PMID: 37898403 PMCID: PMC10696404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins, play key roles in diverse biological processes including tissue repair, adipogenesis, immune cell homeostasis, angiogenesis, and pathogen recognition. Dysregulation of galectins and their ligands has been observed in a wide range of pathologic conditions including cancer, autoimmune inflammation, infection, fibrosis, and metabolic disorders. Through protein-glycan or protein-protein interactions, these endogenous lectins can shape the initiation, perpetuation, and resolution of these processes, suggesting their potential roles in disease monitoring and treatment. However, despite considerable progress, a full understanding of the biology and therapeutic potential of galectins has not been reached due to their diversity, multiplicity of cell targets, and receptor promiscuity. In this article, we discuss the multiple galectin-binding partners present in different cell types, focusing on their contributions to selected physiologic and pathologic settings. Understanding the molecular bases of galectin-ligand interactions, particularly their glycan-dependency, the biochemical nature of selected receptors, and underlying signaling events, might contribute to designing rational therapeutic strategies to control a broad range of pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Troncoso
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ada G Blidner
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Sarrias
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Espelt
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Jaiswal A, Singh R. Loss of Epidermal Homeostasis Underlies the Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 19:667-679. [PMID: 36520410 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common skin cancers. To develop targeted therapies for SCC, a comprehensive understanding of the disease through a systems approach is required. Here, we have collated and analyzed the literature on SCC and pathways that maintain skin homeostasis. Since, the loss of the Notch and the overactivation of the Wnt pathways in the epidermis cause SCC, we focused on these two pathways. We found that the two pathways are critical in maintaining epidermal homeostasis. Further, we found that the cancer stem cell (CSC) marker CD44 causes the transcription of SOX2, another CSC marker of SCC, activates the Wnt pathway, and blocks the Notch pathway. Similarly, the Wnt pathway causes the transcription of CD44 and SOX2 and blocks the Notch pathway. In this paper, we have discussed how the notch and the Wnt pathways affect epidermal homeostasis and the three CSCs (CD44, SOX2, and LGR6) affect the two pathways, linking the CSCs with epidermal homeostasis.
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Tan N, Xin W, Huang M, Mao Y. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke: Novel insight into the crosstalk with immune cells. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1048113. [PMID: 36425795 PMCID: PMC9679024 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1048113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke, a cerebrovascular accident, is prevalent and the second highest cause of death globally across patient populations; it is as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is emerging as a promising treatment for alleviating neurological deficits, as indicated by a great number of animal and clinical studies. The potential of regulating the immune system is currently being explored as a therapeutic target after ischemic stroke. This study will discuss recent evidence that MSCs can harness the immune system by interacting with immune cells to boost neurologic recovery effectively. Moreover, a notion will be given to MSCs participating in multiple pathological processes, such as increasing cell survival angiogenesis and suppressing cell apoptosis and autophagy in several phases of ischemic stroke, consequently promoting neurological function recovery. We will conclude the review by highlighting the clinical opportunities for MSCs by reviewing the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of MSCs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Tan
- Department of Health Management, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Health Management, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Liao C, Wang Q, An J, Chen J, Li X, Long Q, Xiao L, Guan X, Liu J. CD44 Glycosylation as a Therapeutic Target in Oncology. Front Oncol 2022; 12:883831. [PMID: 35936713 PMCID: PMC9351704 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.883831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of non-kinase transmembrane glycoprotein CD44 with ligands including hyaluronic acid (HA) is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Changes in CD44 glycosylation can regulate its binding to HA, Siglec-15, fibronectin, TM4SF5, PRG4, FGF2, collagen and podoplanin and activate or inhibit c-Src/STAT3/Twist1/Bmi1, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, ERK/NF-κB/NANOG and other signaling pathways, thereby having a profound impact on the tumor microenvironment and tumor cell fate. However, the glycosylation of CD44 is complex and largely unknown, and the current understanding of how CD44 glycosylation affects tumors is limited. These issues must be addressed before targeted CD44 glycosylation can be applied to treat human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liao
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Microbial Resources and Drug Development Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, Life Sciences Institute, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiaxing An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Microbial Resources and Drug Development Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, Life Sciences Institute, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Long
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Linlin Xiao
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Xiao, ; Xiaoyan Guan, ; Jianguo Liu,
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Xiao, ; Xiaoyan Guan, ; Jianguo Liu,
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Xiao, ; Xiaoyan Guan, ; Jianguo Liu,
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Radovani B, Gudelj I. N-Glycosylation and Inflammation; the Not-So-Sweet Relation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893365. [PMID: 35833138 PMCID: PMC9272703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the main feature of many long-term inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. There is a growing number of studies in which alterations of N-glycosylation have been observed in many pathophysiological conditions, yet studies of the underlying mechanisms that precede N-glycome changes are still sparse. Proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to alter the substrate synthesis pathways as well as the expression of glycosyltransferases required for the biosynthesis of N-glycans. The resulting N-glycosylation changes can further contribute to disease pathogenesis through modulation of various aspects of immune cell processes, including those relevant to pathogen recognition and fine-tuning the inflammatory response. This review summarizes our current knowledge of inflammation-induced N-glycosylation changes, with a particular focus on specific subsets of immune cells of innate and adaptive immunity and how these changes affect their effector functions, cell interactions, and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Radovani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivan Gudelj
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
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Yuan M, Hu X, Yao L, Jiang Y, Li L. Mesenchymal stem cell homing to improve therapeutic efficacy in liver disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:179. [PMID: 35505419 PMCID: PMC9066724 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02858-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, as an alternative strategy to orthotopic liver transplantation, has been evaluated for treating end-stage liver disease. Although the therapeutic mechanism of MSC transplantation remains unclear, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that MSCs can regenerate tissues and self-renew to repair the liver through differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells, immune regulation, and anti-fibrotic mechanisms. Multiple clinical trials have confirmed that MSC transplantation restores liver function and alleviates liver damage. A sufficient number of MSCs must be home to the target tissues after administration for successful application. However, inefficient homing of MSCs after systemic administration is a major limitation in MSC therapy. Here, we review the mechanisms and clinical application status of MSCs in the treatment of liver disease and comprehensively summarize the molecular mechanisms of MSC homing, and various strategies for promoting MSC homing to improve the treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lichao Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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CD44 fucosylation on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhances homing and promotes enteric nervous system remodeling in diabetic mice. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:118. [PMID: 34193268 PMCID: PMC8243650 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes can cause extensive enteric nervous system (ENS) injuries and gastrointestinal motility disorder. In developing possible treatments, researchers have engaged in tissue regeneration engineering with the very promising bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, BMSCs have poor homing ability to the targeted tissues after intravenous injection. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether enhancing the expression of E-selectin ligand on BMSCs could improve their homing ability and subsequently influence their role in ENS remodeling in diabetic mice. Methods First, we constructed the fucosylation modification of CD44 on BMSCs through a fucosyltransferase VII (FTVII) system to generate a Hematopoietic Cell E-/L-selectin Ligand (HCELL) property, a fucosylated sialyllactosaminyl glycovariant of CD44 that potently binds E-selectin. Next, FTVII-modified and unmodified BMSCs labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) were injected into diabetic mice through the tail vein to compare their homing ability to the gastrointestinal tract and their effect on ENS remodeling, respectively. A bioluminescent imaging system was used to evaluate the homing ability of GFP-labeled BMSCs with and without FTVII modification, to the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal motility was assessed by gastrointestinal transient time, defecation frequency, stool water content and colon strips contractility. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were used to assess the expression levels of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Results The FTVII-mediated α(1,3)-fucosylation modification of CD44 on BMSCs generated a HCELL property. Bioluminescent imaging assays showed that FTVII-modified BMSCs had enhanced homing ability to gastrointestinal tract, mainly to the colon, 24 h after injection through the tail vein. Compared with diabetic mice, FTVII-modified BMSCs significantly promoted the gastrointestinal motility and the ENS remodeling, including intestinal peristalsis (P < 0.05), increased feces excretion (P < 0.05) and the water content of the feces (P < 0.05), restored the spontaneous contraction of the colon (P < 0.05), and upregulated the protein expression levels of PGP9.5 (P < 0.01), GFAP (P < 0.001), and GDNF (P < 0.05), while unmodified BMSCs did not (P > 0.05). Conclusions CD44 fucosylation modification on murine BMSCs promotes homing ability to the gastrointestinal tract and ENS remodeling in diabetic mice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00632-2.
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A Novel Spindle Cell Population in a Case of Primary Osteoma Cutis With GNAS Mutation. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 42:e72-e75. [PMID: 31977320 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary osteoma cutis is a rare condition belonging to a spectrum of related genetic disorders, including progressive osseous heteroplasia, plate-like osteoma cutis, and Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, which share identical histologies with cutaneous intramembranous ossification and mutations in GNAS. We report a case of a 15-week-old girl who presented with an enlarging, indurated subcutaneous lesion on her right flank. CT scan showed an extensive subcutaneous sheet of calcification. Histologic evaluation revealed heterotopic calcification and intramembranous ossification within the dermis and mature bone largely replacing the subcutaneous fat compatible with osteoma cutis. Molecular testing was performed and identified an inactivating GNAS mutation. Unique to this case is a dermal proliferation of bland spindle cells that blended with deposited osteoid material. This has not been reported in association with primary osteoma cutis previously. These spindle cells were positive for CD44, Bcl-2, muscle-specific actin, and smooth muscle actin while negative for CD34. We hypothesize that these cells are immature mesenchymal cells, representing an early cellular phase of ossification. We favor these cells provide the background in which ossification is occurring, supporting the theory of osteoblastic metaplasia in the etiology of this condition.
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Xu H, Qiu Y, Xiong Z, Shao W, Zhang Q, Tang G. Tracking mesenchymal stem cells with Ir(III) complex-encapsulated nanospheres in cranium defect with postmenopausal osteoporosis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 122:111842. [PMID: 33641885 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a significant public health problem with associated fragility fractures, thereby causing large bone defects and difficulty in self-repair. The introduction of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is the most promising platform in bone tissue engineering for OP therapy, which induces less side effects than conventional medication. However, the safety and efficiency of the cell-based OP therapy requires the ability to monitor the cell's outcome and biodistribution after cell transplantation. Therefore, we designed an in vivo system to track hMSCs in real time and simultaneously attempted to obtain a significant therapeutic effect during the bone repair process. In this study, we synthesized Ir(III) complex, followed by encapsulation with biodegradable methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanospheres through double emulsions strategy. The Ir(III) complex nanospheres did not affect hMSC proliferation, stemness, and differentiation and realized highly efficient and long-term cellular labeling for at least 25 days in vivo. The optimal transplantation conditions were also determined first by injecting a gradient number of labeled hMSCs percutaneously into the cranial defect of the nude mouse model. Next, we applied this method to ovariectomy-induced OP mice. Results showed long-term optical imaging with high fluorescence intensity and computed tomography (CT) scanning with significantly increased bone formation between the osteoporotic and sham-operated bones. During the tracking process, two mice from each group were sacrificed at two representative time points to examine the bony defect bridging via micro-CT morphometric analyses. Our data showed remarkable promise for efficient hMSC tracking and encouraging treatment in bioimaging-guided OP stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China; Department of Radiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, No. 98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P. R. China
| | - Yuyou Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Zuogang Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Ping An Healthcare Diagnostics Center, No. 199 Kaibin Road, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Shao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Guangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China.
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Chowdhury S, Ghosh S. Sialylation of Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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García-Bernal D, García-Arranz M, García-Guillén AI, García-Hernández AM, Blanquer M, García-Olmo D, Sackstein R, Moraleda JM, Zapata AG. Exofucosylation of Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Alters Their Secretome Profile. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:584074. [PMID: 33324641 PMCID: PMC7726227 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.584074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) constitute the cell type more frequently used in many regenerative medicine approaches due to their exclusive immunomodulatory properties, and they have been reported to mediate profound immunomodulatory effects in vivo. Nevertheless, MSCs do not express essential adhesion molecules actively involved in cell migration, a phenotypic feature that hampers their ability to home inflamed tissues following intravenous administration. In this study, we investigated whether modification by fucosylation of murine AdMSCs (mAdMSCs) creates Hematopoietic Cell E-/L-selectin Ligand, the E-selectin-binding CD44 glycoform. This cell surface glycan modification of CD44 has previously shown in preclinical studies to favor trafficking of mAdMSCs to inflamed or injured peripheral tissues. We analyzed the impact that exofucosylation could have in other innate phenotypic and functional properties of MSCs. Compared to unmodified counterparts, fucosylated mAdMSCs demonstrated higher in vitro migration, an altered secretome pattern, including increased expression and secretion of anti-inflammatory molecules, and a higher capacity to inhibit mitogen-stimulated splenocyte proliferation under standard culture conditions. Together, these findings indicate that exofucosylation could represent a suitable cell engineering strategy, not only to facilitate the in vivo MSC colonization of damaged tissues after systemic administration, but also to convert MSCs in a more potent immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory cell therapy-based product for the treatment of a variety of autoimmune, inflammatory, and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-Bernal
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Medicine School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mariano García-Arranz
- Foundation Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I García-Guillén
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana M García-Hernández
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Medicine School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- Foundation Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jose M Moraleda
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Medicine School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Agustín G Zapata
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Agarwal G, Agiwal S, Srivastava A. Hyaluronic acid containing scaffolds ameliorate stem cell function for tissue repair and regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:388-401. [PMID: 32961192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence based studies have proposed hyaluronic acid (HA) as an emerging biopolymer for various tissue engineering application. Meanwhile, stem cells (SCs) have also gained immense popularity for their tissue regenerative capacity. Thus, combining HA and stem cells for tissue engineering application have shown to foster tissue repair and regeneration process. HA possesses the ability to interact with SCs via cellular surface receptors along with the capacity to elicit the process of differentiation. The influence of HA on stem cells has been widely investigated in cartilage and bone repair but their properties of reducing inflammation has also been explored in various other tissue repair processes. In this review, we have provided an insight to the effect of crosslinked and non-crosslinked HA on various stem cells. Further, HA based scaffolds combined with stem cells have shown to have a synergistic effect in the regeneration capacity. Also, various chemically modified HA and biomolecules conjugated HA as a suitable carrier or matrix for stem cells delivery and the effect of HA in fine tuning the stem cells function is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Agarwal
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Shubham Agiwal
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Akshay Srivastava
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.
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15
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Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke: A look into treatment mechanism and therapeutic potential. J Neurol 2020; 268:4095-4107. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Xiao F, Chen L. Effects of extracorporeal fucosylation of CD44 on the homing ability of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Sci 2019; 24:725-730. [PMID: 30528224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of extracorporeal fucosylation of CD44 on the homing ability of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS The rabbit BMSCs were extracorporeal fucosylated using alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase VI (FTVI), then the positive rate of sialyl-LewisX (sLeX) and the binding rate of E-selectin were detected by flow cytometry, as well as the fluid adhesion of rabbit BMSCs were detected by the parallel flow chamber adhesion test. Then BMSCs were constructed to stably express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and were injected intravenously into the model rabbits with tibial fractures. After 6 weeks of injection, the levels of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in rabbit serum and damaged bone tissues were detected. The positive rate of EGFP expressions was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS After fucosylation, the positive rate of sLeX and the binding rate of E-selectin were significantly higher than those in the no fucosylated group. The results of fluorescence microscopy showed that BMSCs with stable expression of EGFP were successfully constructed. The results of ELISA and Western Blot showed that the secretion of SDF-1 and MCP-1 and the expression of SDF-1 and MCP-1 protein in BMSCs treatment group processed by fucosylated were significantly higher than those in BMSCs treatment group processed by no fucosylated. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the positive rate of EGFP expression was also significantly increased, which indicated that the BMSCs at the injured bone tissues were significantly increased and helpful in the repair of bone injury. CONCLUSIONS Extracorporeal fucosylation of CD44 molecules can significantly enhance the homing ability of rabbit BMSCs, which may be achieved by SDF-1 and MCP-1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430033, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
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17
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Soria-Juan B, Escacena N, Capilla-González V, Aguilera Y, Llanos L, Tejedo JR, Bedoya FJ, Juan V, De la Cuesta A, Ruiz-Salmerón R, Andreu E, Grochowicz L, Prósper F, Sánchez-Guijo F, Lozano FS, Miralles M, Del Río-Solá L, Castellanos G, Moraleda JM, Sackstein R, García-Arranz M, García-Olmo D, Martín F, Hmadcha A, Soria B. Cost-Effective, Safe, and Personalized Cell Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1151. [PMID: 31231366 PMCID: PMC6558400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a progressively growing field that is rapidly moving from preclinical model development to clinical application. Outcomes obtained from clinical trials reveal the therapeutic potential of stem cell-based therapy to deal with unmet medical treatment needs for several disorders with no therapeutic options. Among adult stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the leading cell type used in advanced therapies for the treatment of autoimmune, inflammatory and vascular diseases. To date, the safety and feasibility of autologous MSC-based therapy has been established; however, their indiscriminate use has resulted in mixed outcomes in preclinical and clinical studies. While MSCs derived from diverse tissues share common properties depending on the type of clinical application, they markedly differ within clinical trials in terms of efficacy, resulting in many unanswered questions regarding the application of MSCs. Additionally, our experience in clinical trials related to critical limb ischemia pathology (CLI) shows that the therapeutic efficacy of these cells in different animal models has only been partially reproduced in humans through clinical trials. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new research to identify pitfalls, to optimize procedures and to clarify the repair mechanisms used by these cells, as well as to be able to offer a next generation of stem cell that can be routinely used in a cost-effective and safe manner in stem cell-based therapies targeting CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Escacena
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Vivian Capilla-González
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Yolanda Aguilera
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Lucía Llanos
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan R Tejedo
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Bedoya
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio De la Cuesta
- Unidad de Isquemia Crónica de Miembros Inferiores, Hospital Victoria Eugenia de la Cruz Roja, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manuel Miralles
- Department of Surgery, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Gregorio Castellanos
- Servicio Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - José M Moraleda
- Servicio Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | | | - Franz Martín
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernat Soria
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
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18
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Pan S, Liu Y, Liu Q, Xiao Y, Liu B, Ren X, Qi X, Zhou H, Zeng C, Jia L. HOTAIR/miR-326/FUT6 axis facilitates colorectal cancer progression through regulating fucosylation of CD44 via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:750-760. [PMID: 30742932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Aberrant fucosylation, catalyzed by the specific fucosyltransferases (FUTs), is associated with malignant behaviors. Non-conding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), emerge as key molecules in cancer malignancy. The aim of this study was to investigate HOTAIR/miR-326/FUT6 axis modified fucosylation on sLeX-CD44 (HCELL), which served as E-selectin ligand during CRC progression. Higher levels of HOTAIR and FUT6 were verified in CRC tissues and cell lines, with a positive correlation. HOTAIR was associated with poor clinical prognosis of CRC. Altered HOTAIR levels influenced proliferation, aggressiveness, apoptosis and tumorigenesis of CRC cells. HOTAIR directly harbored miR-326 binding sites and regulated FUT6 expression. Further results corroborated that HOTAIR/miR-326/FUT6 axis modified α1, 3-fucosylation of CD44, which mediated CRC malignancy. Co-modulation of HOTAIR, miR-326 and FUT6 impacted α1, 3-fucosylated CD44, which further triggered PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. HOTAIR also mediated CRC tumorigenesis and liver metastasis in vivo. Thus, our findings indicated that HOTAIR/miR-326/FUT6 axis mediated CRC procession through α1, 3-fucosylated CD44 via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This work rendered new therapeutic targets for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Pan
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Institute (College) Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xia Qi
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Changqian Zeng
- Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Li Jia
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China.
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19
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Sackstein R. The First Step in Adoptive Cell Immunotherapeutics: Assuring Cell Delivery via Glycoengineering. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3084. [PMID: 30687313 PMCID: PMC6336727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of intensive attention directed to creation of genetically altered cells (e.g., as in development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells) and/or to achieve requisite in vitro accumulation of desired immunologic effectors (e.g., elaboration of virus-specific T cells, expansion of NK cells, differentiation of dendritic cells, isolation, and propagation of Tregs, etc.), there has been essentially no interest in the most fundamental of all hurdles: assuring tissue-specific delivery of administered therapeutic cells to sites where they are needed. With regards to use of CAR T-cells, the absence of information on the efficacy of cell delivery is striking, especially in light of the clear association between administered cell dose and adverse events, and the obvious fact that pertinent cell acquisition/expansion costs would be dramatically curtailed with more efficient delivery of the administered cell bolus. Herein, based on information garnered from studies of human leukocytes and adult stem cells, the logic underlying the use of cell surface glycoengineering to enforce E-selectin ligand expression will be conveyed in the context of how this approach offers strategies to enhance delivery of CAR T-cells to marrow and to tumor beds. This application of glycoscience principles and techniques with intention to optimize cell therapeutics is a prime example of the emerging field of “translational glycobiology.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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20
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Xiao F, Jiao J, Huang Y, Xu H, Zuo W, Wang J. [The effects of CD44 fucosylation on fluid adhesion force of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:99-103. [PMID: 29806373 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201704012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of CD44 fucosylation on fluid adhesion force of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Methods The rabbit BMSCs were isolated and purified by density gradient centrifugation combined with adherent culture method. The morphology of cells were observed by inverted microscope, and the cell surface markers of CD44, CD34, CD29, and CD105 were assessed by flow cytometry. BMSCs fucosylated by alpha-(1, 3)-fucosyltransferase Ⅵ (FTⅥ) were as the experimental group, and the non-fucosylated BMSCs were as the control group, and then the positive rate of sialyl-LewisX (sLe X) and the binding rate of E-selectin were detected by flow cytometry. The fucosylated BMSCs resuspended in Hank balanced salt solution (HBSS) were assigned as the experimental group (group A), at same time, the non-fucosylated BMSCs resuspended in HBSS solution as the study control group (group B), and the fucosylated BMSCs resuspended in HBSS solution which was added EDTA as negative control group (group C). The fluid adhesion force of rabbit BMSCs were detected by the parallel flow chamber adhesion test. Results Primary BMSCs mainly shaped as spindle and kept strong growth. The third generation BMSCs were negative for CD34, but positive for CD44, CD29, and CD105. After fucosylation, the positive rate of sLe X in the experimental group was 32.52%±1.76%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (1.48%±0.51%) ( t=29.277, P= 0.000). The binding rate of E-selectin in the experimental group was 41.05%±1.84%, which was also significantly higher than that in the control group (4.33%±0.92%) ( t=35.674, P=0.000). With the increase of fluid shear force, the number of BMSCs adhering to the surface of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) in group A was increased at first and then decreased, while there was few BMSCs adhering to the surface of HUVEC in groups B and C. Under the different fluid shear stress, the number of BMSCs adhered to the surface of HUVEC in group A was significantly higher than that in groups B and C ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between groups B and C ( P>0.05). Conclusion CD44 fucosylation on BMSCs can enhance the fluid adhesion force of rabbit BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Puai Hospital, Wuhan Hubei, 430000, P.R.China
| | - Jing Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Puai Hospital, Wuhan Hubei, 430000,
| | - Yucheng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Puai Hospital, Wuhan Hubei, 430000, P.R.China
| | - Haijun Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Puai Hospital, Wuhan Hubei, 430000, P.R.China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Puai Hospital, Wuhan Hubei, 430000, P.R.China
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Puai Hospital, Wuhan Hubei, 430000, P.R.China
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21
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Luo L, Hu DH, Yin JQ, Xu RX. Molecular Mechanisms of Transdifferentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Neural Cells: Current Status and Perspectives. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:5630802. [PMID: 30302094 PMCID: PMC6158979 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5630802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases can severely compromise both physical and psychological health. Recently, adult mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) based cell transplantation has become a potential therapeutic strategy. However, most studies related to the transdifferentiation of MSCs into neural cells have had disappointing outcomes. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying MSC transdifferentiation is necessary to make adult stem cells more applicable to treating neurological diseases. Several studies have focused on adipose-derived stromal/stem cell (ADSC) transdifferentiation. The purpose of this review is to outline the molecular characterization of ADSCs, to describe the methods for inducing ADSC transdifferentiation, and to examine factors influencing transdifferentiation, including transcription factors, epigenetics, and signaling pathways. Exploring and understanding the mechanisms are a precondition for developing and applying novel cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710032, China
- Stem Cell Research Center, Neurosurgery Institute of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
- Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Da-Hai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710032, China
| | - James Q. Yin
- Stem Cell Research Center, Neurosurgery Institute of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
- Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ru-Xiang Xu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Neurosurgery Institute of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
- Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
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22
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Pang X, Li H, Guan F, Li X. Multiple Roles of Glycans in Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2018; 8:364. [PMID: 30237983 PMCID: PMC6135871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The three types of blood cells (red blood cells for carrying oxygen, white blood cells for immune protection, and platelets for wound clotting) arise from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in the adult bone marrow, and function in physiological regulation and communication with local microenvironments to maintain systemic homeostasis. Hematological malignancies are relatively uncommon malignant disorders derived from the two major blood cell lineages: myeloid (leukemia) and lymphoid (lymphoma). Malignant clones lose their regulatory mechanisms, resulting in production of a large number of dysfunctional cells and destruction of normal hematopoiesis. Glycans are one of the four major types of essential biological macromolecules, along with nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Major glycan subgroups are N-glycans, O-glycans, glycosaminoglycans, and glycosphingolipids. Aberrant expression of glycan structures, resulting from dysregulation of glycan-related genes, is associated with cancer development and progression in terms of cell signaling and communication, tumor cell dissociation and invasion, cell-matrix interactions, tumor angiogenesis, immune modulation, and metastasis formation. Aberrant glycan expression occurs in most hematological malignancies, notably acute myeloid leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and multiple myeloma, etc. Here, we review recent research advances regarding aberrant glycans, their related genes, and their roles in hematological malignancies. Our improved understanding of the mechanisms that underlie aberrant patterns of glycosylation will lead to development of novel, more effective therapeutic approaches targeted to hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Pang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongjiao Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Guan
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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23
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López-Lucas MD, Pachón-Peña G, García-Hernández AM, Parrado A, Sánchez-Salinas D, García-Bernal D, Algueró MDC, Martinez FI, Blanquer M, Cabañas-Perianes V, Molina-Molina M, Asín-Aguilar C, Moraleda JM, Sackstein R. Production via good manufacturing practice of exofucosylated human mesenchymal stromal cells for clinical applications. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:1110-1123. [PMID: 30170815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) have raised great hope for their use in cell therapy. However, when intravenously infused, hMSCs fail to reach sites of tissue injury. Fucose addition in α(1,3)-linkage to terminal sialyllactosamines on CD44 creates the molecule known as hematopoietic cell E-/L-selectin ligand (HCELL), programming hMSC binding to E-selectin that is expressed on microvascular endothelial cells of bone marrow (BM), skin and at all sites of inflammation. Here we describe how this modification on BM-derived hMSCs (BM-hMSCs) can be adapted to good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards. METHODS BM-hMSCs were expanded using xenogenic-free media and exofucosylated using α(1,3)-fucosyltransferases VI (FTVI) or VII (FTVII). Enforced fucosylation converted CD44 into HCELL, and HCELL formation was assessed using Western blot, flow cytometry and cell-binding assays. Untreated (unfucosylated), buffer-treated and exofucosylated BM-hMSCs were each analyzed for cell viability, immunophenotype and differentiation potential, and E-selectin binding stability was assessed at room temperature, at 4°C, and after cryopreservation. Cell product safety was evaluated using microbiological testing, karyotype analysis, and c-Myc messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, and potential effects on genetic reprogramming and in cell signaling were analyzed using gene expression microarrays and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) phosphorylation arrays. RESULTS Our protocol efficiently generates HCELL on clinical-scale batches of BM-hMSCs. Exofucosylation yields stable HCELL expression for 48 h at 4°C, with retained expression after cell cryopreservation. Cell viability and identity are unaffected by exofucosylation, without changes in gene expression or RTK phosphorylation. DISCUSSION The described exofucosylation protocol using xenogenic-free reagents enforces HCELL expression on hMSCs endowing potent E-selectin binding without affecting cell viability or native phenotype. This described protocol is readily scalable for GMP-compliant clinical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores López-Lucas
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gisela Pachón-Peña
- The Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and the Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana María García-Hernández
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Parrado
- Immunology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital, Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Darío Sánchez-Salinas
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Del Carmen Algueró
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisca Iniesta Martinez
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Valentín Cabañas-Perianes
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mar Molina-Molina
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cira Asín-Aguilar
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - José M Moraleda
- Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. University of Murcia; Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic University Hospital and Institute for Biohealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Robert Sackstein
- The Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and the Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Ranganath SH. Bioengineered cellular and cell membrane-derived vehicles for actively targeted drug delivery: So near and yet so far. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 132:57-80. [PMID: 29935987 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular carriers for drug delivery are attractive alternatives to synthetic nanoparticles owing to their innate homing/targeting abilities. Here, we review molecular interactions involved in the homing of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and other cell types to understand the process of designing and engineering highly efficient, actively targeting cellular vehicles. In addition, we comprehensively discuss various genetic and non-genetic strategies and propose futuristic approaches of engineering MSC homing using micro/nanotechnology and high throughput small molecule screening. Most of the targeting abilities of a cell come from its plasma membrane, thus, efforts to harness cell membranes as drug delivery vehicles are gaining importance and are highlighted here. We also recognize and report the lack of detailed characterization of cell membranes in terms of safety, structural integrity, targeting functionality, and drug transport. Finally, we provide insights on future development of bioengineered cellular and cell membrane-derived vesicles for successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir H Ranganath
- Bio-INvENT Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, B.H. Road, Tumakuru, 572103, Karnataka, India.
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25
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Pearce OMT. Cancer glycan epitopes: biosynthesis, structure and function. Glycobiology 2018; 28:670-696. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M T Pearce
- Centre for Cancer & Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
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26
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Silva M, Videira PA, Sackstein R. E-Selectin Ligands in the Human Mononuclear Phagocyte System: Implications for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1878. [PMID: 29403469 PMCID: PMC5780348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mononuclear phagocyte system comprises a network of circulating monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), and “histiocytes” (tissue-resident macrophages and DCs) that are derived in part from blood-borne monocytes and DCs. The capacity of circulating monocytes and DCs to function as the body’s first-line defense against offending pathogens greatly depends on their ability to egress the bloodstream and infiltrate inflammatory sites. Extravasation involves a sequence of coordinated molecular events and is initiated by E-selectin-mediated deceleration of the circulating leukocytes onto microvascular endothelial cells of the target tissue. E-selectin is inducibly expressed by cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β) on inflamed endothelium, and binds to sialofucosylated glycan determinants displayed on protein and lipid scaffolds of blood cells. Efficient extravasation of circulating monocytes and DCs to inflamed tissues is crucial in facilitating an effective immune response, but also fuels the immunopathology of several inflammatory disorders. Thus, insights into the structural and functional properties of the E-selectin ligands expressed by different monocyte and DC populations is key to understanding the biology of protective immunity and the pathobiology of several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. This review will address the role of E-selectin in recruitment of human circulating monocytes and DCs to sites of tissue injury/inflammation, the structural biology of the E-selectin ligands expressed by these cells, and the molecular effectors that shape E-selectin ligand cell-specific display. In addition, therapeutic approaches targeting E-selectin receptor/ligand interactions, which can be used to boost host defense or, conversely, to dampen pathological inflammatory conditions, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Silva
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paula A Videira
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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27
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Fazioli F, Colella G, Miceli R, Di Salvatore MG, Gallo M, Boccella S, De Chiara A, Ruosi C, de Nigris F. Post-surgery fluids promote transition of cancer stem cell-to-endothelial and AKT/mTOR activity, contributing to relapse of giant cell tumors of bone. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85040-85053. [PMID: 29156702 PMCID: PMC5689592 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) are rare sarcomas with a high rate of unpredictable local relapse. Studies suggest that surgical methods affect recurrence, supporting the idea that local disease develops from re-growth of residual cancer cells. To identify early prognostic markers of individual risk of recurrence, we evaluated the effect of post-surgery fluids from a cohort of GCTB patients on growth of primary and established sarcoma cell lines, and mice xenograph. Post-surgery fluids increased cell growth and enhanced expression of CD44++, the principal receptor for the extracellular matrix component hyaluronan and the mesenchymal stem marker CD117+. Cancer cells became highly invasive and tumorigenic, acquiring stemness properties, and activated AKT/mTOR pathway. Prolonged stimulation with post-surgery fluids down-regulated the mesenchymal gene TWIST1 and Vimentin protein, and transdifferentiated cells into tubule-like structures positive to the endothelial markers VE-Cadherin and CD31+. In mice, post-surgery fluids gave rise to larger and more vascularized tumors than control, while in patients AKT/mTOR pathway activation was associated with recurrence by logistic regression (Kaplan-Meier; P<0.001). These findings indicate that post-surgery fluids are an adjuvant in mechanisms of tumor regrowth, increasing stem cell growth and AKT/mTOR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Fazioli
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology Surgery, National Cancer Institute G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Colella
- Department of Human Health, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Miceli
- S.C. Cellular Biology and Biotherapy, National Cancer Institute G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Michele Gallo
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology Surgery, National Cancer Institute G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples Italy
| | - Annarosaria De Chiara
- Division of Pathology, National Cancer Institute G. Pascale Foundation, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Ruosi
- Department of Human Health, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena de Nigris
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples Italy
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