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Pharoun J, Berro J, Sobh J, Abou-Younes MM, Nasr L, Majed A, Khalil A, Joseph, Stephan, Faour WH. Mesenchymal stem cells biological and biotechnological advances: Implications for clinical applications. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176719. [PMID: 38849038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are able to differentiate into multiple lineages including bone, cartilage, muscle and fat. They hold immunomodulatory properties and therapeutic ability to treat multiple diseases, including autoimmune and chronic degenerative diseases. In this article, we reviewed the different biological properties, applications and clinical trials of MSCs. Also, we discussed the basics of manufacturing conditions, quality control, and challenges facing MSCs in the clinical setting. METHODS Extensive review of the literature was conducted through the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. Papers published since 2015 and covering the clinical applications and research of MSC therapy were considered. Furthermore, older papers were considered when referring to pioneering studies in the field. RESULTS The most widely studied stem cells in cell therapy and tissue repair are bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells became more common and to a lesser extent other stem cell sources e.g., foreskin derived MSCs. MSCs therapy were also studied in the setting of COVID-19 infections, ischemic strokes, autoimmune diseases, tumor development and graft rejection. Multiple obstacles, still face the standardization and optimization of MSC therapy such as the survival and the immunophenotype and the efficiency of transplanted cells. MSCs used in clinical settings displayed heterogeneity in their function despite their extraction from healthy donors and expression of similar surface markers. CONCLUSION Mesenchymal stem cells offer a rising therapeutic promise in various diseases. However, their potential use in clinical applications requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pharoun
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, LAU, Byblos, Lebanon, P.O. Box 36
| | - Jana Berro
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, LAU, Byblos, Lebanon, P.O. Box 36
| | - Jeanine Sobh
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, LAU, Byblos, Lebanon, P.O. Box 36
| | | | - Leah Nasr
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, LAU, Byblos, Lebanon, P.O. Box 36
| | - Ali Majed
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, LAU, Byblos, Lebanon, P.O. Box 36
| | - Alia Khalil
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, LAU, Byblos, Lebanon, P.O. Box 36
| | - Joseph
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, LAU, Byblos, Lebanon, P.O. Box 36
| | - Stephan
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, LAU, Byblos, Lebanon, P.O. Box 36
| | - Wissam H Faour
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, LAU, Byblos, Lebanon, P.O. Box 36.
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2
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Fujii S, Miura Y. Lenalidomide and pomalidomide modulate hematopoietic cell expansion and differentiation in the presence of MSC. Int J Hematol 2024:10.1007/s12185-024-03815-y. [PMID: 38995485 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-024-03815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Cytopenia is a well-documented complication in the treatment of hematological malignancies with lenalidomide and pomalidomide. Although prior studies have highlighted direct effects on hematopoietic cells to explain this adverse effect, the involvement of hematopoietic-supportive stroma remains less understood. This study examined the effects of lenalidomide/pomalidomide on the expansion and differentiation of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in vitro, in co-culture with human bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). Our findings indicate that lenalidomide/pomalidomide increases the population of immature CD34+CD38- cells while decreasing the number of mature CD34+CD38+ cells, suggesting a mechanism that inhibits early HSPC maturation. This effect persisted across myeloid, megakaryocytic, and erythroid lineages, with MSCs playing a key role in preserving immature progenitors and inhibiting their differentiation. Furthermore, in myeloid differentiation assays augmented by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, lenalidomide/pomalidomide not only enhanced the presence of CD34+ cells with mature myeloid markers such as CD11b but also reduced the populations lacking CD34 yet positive for these markers, irrespective of MSC presence. Thus, while MSCs support the presence of these immature cell populations, they simultaneously inhibit their maturation. This finding provides novel mechanistic insights into lenalidomide- and pomalidomide-induced cytopenia, and could guide therapeutic strategies for its mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumie Fujii
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Miura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
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3
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Li B, Zhang M, Chen S, Zhao C, Li X, Zhang X. Small extracellular vesicle-based delivery of interleukin-10 improves treatment of experimental autoimmune uveitis. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109936. [PMID: 38763351 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Non-infectious uveitis is an intraocular autoimmune disease mainly characterized by immune dysregulation of the eye, which may cause blindness if not well treated. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a potent cytokine with multiple immunoregulatory functions. However, it's in vivo activity is unstable owing to its inherent protein instability and short plasma half-life. Therefore, our previous research tried to establish IL-10-overexpressing MSC-sEVs (sEVs-IL10) using lentiviral transfection. While this approach indeed improved drug delivery, it also suffered from tedious procedures and limited loading efficiency. Accordingly, we constructed a novel MSC-sEVs-based delivery system for IL-10 (IL-10@sEVs) by sonication. The obtained formulation (IL-10@sEVs) had relatively higher loading efficiency and exerted a more profound immunomodulatory effect than sEVs-IL10 in vitro. Furthermore, IL-10@sEVs had significant therapeutic effects in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) by decreasing the percentage of Th17 cells, increasing regulatory T cells in the eye, and draining lymph nodes. In summary, sonication outperforms conventional transfection methods for loading IL-10 into MSC-sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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4
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Hasaniani N, Nouri S, Shirzad M, Rostami-Mansoor S. Potential therapeutic and diagnostic approaches of exosomes in multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. Life Sci 2024; 347:122668. [PMID: 38670451 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are bilayer lipid vesicles that are released by cells and contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. They can be internalized by other cells, inducing inflammatory responses and instigating toxicities in the recipient cells. Exosomes can also serve as therapeutic vehicles by transporting protective cargo to maintain homeostasis. Multiple studies have shown that exosomes can initiate and participate in the regulation of neuroinflammation, improve neurogenesis, and are closely related to the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Exosomes can be secreted by both neurons and glial cells in the CNS, and their contents change with disease occurrence. Due to their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and their stability in peripheral fluids, exosomes are attractive biomarkers of CNS diseases. In recent years, exosomes have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for CNS diseases, including MS. However, the molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of MS are still unknown, and further research is needed to fully understand the role of exosomes in the occurrence or improvement of MS disease. Thereby, in this review, we intend to provide a more complete understanding of the pathways in which exosomes are involved and affect the occurrence or improvement of MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Hasaniani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sina Nouri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Moein Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sahar Rostami-Mansoor
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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5
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Wang Y, Liu Q, Deng L, Ma X, Gong Y, Wang Y, Zhou F. The roles of epigenetic regulation in graft-versus-host disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116652. [PMID: 38692061 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is utilized as a potential curative treatment for various hematologic malignancies. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) post-aHSCT is a severe complication that significantly impacts patients' quality of life and overall survival, becoming a major cause of non-relapse mortality. In recent years, the association between epigenetics and GVHD has garnered increasing attention. Epigenetics focuses on studying mechanisms that affect gene expression without altering DNA sequences, primarily including DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulation, and RNA modifications. This review summarizes the role of epigenetic regulation in the pathogenesis of GVHD, with a focus on DNA methylation, histone modifications, ncRNA, RNA modifications and their involvement and applications in the occurrence and development of GVHD. It also highlights advancements in relevant diagnostic markers and drugs, aiming to provide new insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Hematology, the 960th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Xiting Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuling Gong
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the 960th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, China.
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6
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Wang H, Zhang N, Wang X, Tian J, Yi J, Yao L, Huang G. Emerging role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome microRNA in radiation injury. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:996-1008. [PMID: 38776447 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2347348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation injury (RI) is a common occurrence in malignant tumors patients receiving radiation therapy. While killing tumor cells, normal tissue surrounding the target area is inevitably irradiated at a certain dose, which can cause varying results of radiation injury. Currently, there are limited clinical treatments available for radiation injuries. In recent years, the negative effects of stem cell therapy have been reported more clearly and non-cellular therapies such as exosomes have become a focus of attention for researchers. As a type of vesicle-like substances secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), MSC derived exosomes (MSC-exo) carry DNA, mRNA, microRNA (miRNAs), specific proteins, lipids, and other active substances involved in intercellular information exchange. miRNAs released by MSC-exo are capable of alleviating and repairing damaged tissues through anti-apoptosis, modulating immune response, regulating inflammatory response and promoting angiogenesis, which indicates that MSC-exo miRNAs have great potential for application in the prevention and treatment of radiation injury. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of MSC-exo miRNAs in this process, which may shed new lights on the treatment of radiation injury. CONCLUSIONS Increasing evidence confirms that MSC-exo has shown encouraging applications in tissue repair due to the anti-apoptotic, immunoreactive, and pro-angiogenesis effects of the miRNAs it carries as intercellular communication carriers. However, miRNA-based therapeutics are still in their infancy and many practical issues remain to be addressed for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huike Wang
- School of Stomatology, ZunYi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Nini Zhang
- School of Stomatology, ZunYi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Stomatology, ZunYi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jia Tian
- School of Stomatology, ZunYi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Yi
- School of Stomatology, ZunYi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | | | - Guilin Huang
- School of Stomatology, ZunYi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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7
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Padinharayil H, Varghese J, Wilson C, George A. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: Characteristics and applications in disease pathology and management. Life Sci 2024; 342:122542. [PMID: 38428567 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess a role in tissue regeneration and homeostasis because of inherent immunomodulatory capacity and the production of factors that encourage healing. There is substantial evidence that MSCs' therapeutic efficacy is primarily determined by their paracrine function including in cancers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are basic paracrine effectors of MSCs that reside in numerous bodily fluids and cell homogenates and play an important role in bidirectional communication. MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) offer a wide range of potential therapeutic uses that exceed cell treatment, while maintaining protocell function and having less immunogenicity. We describe characteristics and isolation methods of MSC-EVs, and focus on their therapeutic potential describing its roles in tissue repair, anti-fibrosis, and cancer with an emphasis on the molecular mechanism and immune modulation and clinical trials. We also explain current understanding and challenges in the clinical applications of MSC-EVs as a cell free therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Padinharayil
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 05, Kerala, India; PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689641, India
| | - Jinsu Varghese
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689641, India
| | - Cornelia Wilson
- Canterbury Christ Church University, Natural Applied Sciences, Life Science Industry Liaison Lab, Discovery Park, Sandwich CT139FF, United Kingdom.
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 05, Kerala, India.
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8
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Yan W, Xia Y, Zhao H, Xu X, Ma X, Tao L. Stem cell-based therapy in cardiac repair after myocardial infarction: Promise, challenges, and future directions. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 188:1-14. [PMID: 38246086 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells represent an attractive resource for cardiac regeneration. However, the survival and function of transplanted stem cells is poor and remains a major challenge for the development of effective therapies. As two main cell types currently under investigation in heart repair, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) indirectly support endogenous regenerative capacities after transplantation, while induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) functionally integrate into the damaged myocardium and directly contribute to the restoration of its pump function. These two cell types are exposed to a common microenvironment with many stressors in ischemic heart tissue. This review summarizes the research progress on the mechanisms and challenges of MSCs and iPSC-CMs in post-MI heart repair, introduces several randomized clinical trials with 3D-mapping-guided cell therapy, and outlines recent findings related to the factors that affect the survival and function of stem cells. We also discuss the future directions for optimization such as biomaterial utilization, cell combinations, and intravenous injection of engineered nucleus-free MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huishou Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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9
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Miron RJ, Estrin NE, Sculean A, Zhang Y. Understanding exosomes: Part 2-Emerging leaders in regenerative medicine. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:257-414. [PMID: 38591622 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be developed. Today exosomes have been applied in numerous contexts including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system, depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, post-traumatic stress disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury), damaged organs (heart, kidney, liver, stroke, myocardial infarctions, myocardial infarctions, ovaries), degenerative processes (atherosclerosis, diabetes, hematology disorders, musculoskeletal degeneration, osteoradionecrosis, respiratory disease), infectious diseases (COVID-19, hepatitis), regenerative procedures (antiaging, bone regeneration, cartilage/joint regeneration, osteoarthritis, cutaneous wounds, dental regeneration, dermatology/skin regeneration, erectile dysfunction, hair regrowth, intervertebral disc repair, spinal cord injury, vascular regeneration), and cancer therapy (breast, colorectal, gastric cancer and osteosarcomas), immune function (allergy, autoimmune disorders, immune regulation, inflammatory diseases, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). This scoping review is a first of its kind aimed at summarizing the extensive regenerative potential of exosomes over a broad range of diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathan E Estrin
- Advanced PRF Education, Venice, Florida, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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Cummings SE, Delaney SP, St-Denis Bissonnette F, Stalker A, Muradia G, Mehic J, Graber TE, Alain T, Lavoie JR. SARS-CoV-2 antigen-carrying extracellular vesicles activate T cell responses in a human immunogenicity model. iScience 2024; 27:108708. [PMID: 38226155 PMCID: PMC10788222 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are entering the clinical arena as novel biologics for infectious diseases, potentially serving as the immunogenic components of next generation vaccines. However, relevant human assays to evaluate the immunogenicity of EVs carrying viral antigens are lacking, contributing to challenges in translating rodent studies to human clinical trials. Here, we engineered EVs to carry SARS-CoV-2 Spike to evaluate the immunogenicity of antigen-carrying EVs using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Delivery of Spike EVs to PBMCs resulted in specific immune cell activation as assessed through T cell activation marker expression. Further, Spike EVs were taken up largely by antigen-presenting cells (monocytes, dendritic cells and B cells). Taken together, this human PBMC-based system models physiologically relevant pathways of antigen delivery, uptake and presentation. In summary, the current study highlights the suitability of using human PBMCs for evaluating the immunogenicity of EVs engineered to carry antigens for infectious disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Cummings
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sean P. Delaney
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Frederic St-Denis Bissonnette
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Andrew Stalker
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gauri Muradia
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jelica Mehic
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tyson E. Graber
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1 Canada
| | - Tommy Alain
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1 Canada
| | - Jessie R. Lavoie
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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11
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Zaripova LN, Midgley A, Christmas SE, Beresford MW, Pain C, Baildam EM, Oldershaw RA. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16040. [PMID: 38003230 PMCID: PMC10671211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modulate immune responses and maintain self-tolerance. Their trophic activities and regenerative properties make them potential immunosuppressants for treating autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. MSCs are drawn to sites of injury and inflammation where they can both reduce inflammation and contribute to tissue regeneration. An increased understanding of the role of MSCs in the development and progression of autoimmune disorders has revealed that MSCs are passive targets in the inflammatory process, becoming impaired by it and exhibiting loss of immunomodulatory activity. MSCs have been considered as potential novel cell therapies for severe autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, which at present have only disease modifying rather than curative treatment options. MSCs are emerging as potential therapies for severe autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Clinical application of MSCs in rare cases of severe disease in which other existing treatment modalities have failed, have demonstrated potential use in treating multiple diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myocardial infarction, liver cirrhosis, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and COVID-19 pneumonia. This review explores the biological mechanisms behind the role of MSCs in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. It also covers their immunomodulatory capabilities, potential therapeutic applications, and the challenges and risks associated with MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina N. Zaripova
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine, National Scientific Medical Center, 42 Abylai Khan Avenue, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Angela Midgley
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK; (A.M.); (M.W.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Stephen E. Christmas
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, The Ronald Ross Building, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK;
| | - Michael W. Beresford
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK; (A.M.); (M.W.B.); (C.P.)
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, East Prescott Road, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK
| | - Clare Pain
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK; (A.M.); (M.W.B.); (C.P.)
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, East Prescott Road, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK
| | - Eileen M. Baildam
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, The Alexandra Hospital, Mill Lane, Cheadle SK8 2PX, UK;
| | - Rachel A. Oldershaw
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
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12
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Zhong X, Chen J, Wen B, Wu X, Li M, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Zhao Y, Shen J, Xiao Z. Potential role of mesenchymal stem cells in T cell aging. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1365-1378. [PMID: 37750918 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Immunosenescence occurs with progressive age. T cell aging is manifested by immunodeficiency and inflammation. The main mechanisms are thymic involution, mitochondrial dysfunction, genetic and epigenetic alterations, loss of protein stability, reduction of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, naïve-memory T cell ratio imbalance, T cell senescence, and lack of effector plasticity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are thought to hold great potential as anti-aging therapy. However, the role of MCSs in T cell aging remains elusive. This review makes a tentative summary of the potential role of MSCs in the protection against T cell aging. It might provide a new idea to intervene in the aging of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Nanbu County, Nanchong, 637300, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Wang S, Huo J, Liu Y, Chen L, Ren X, Li X, Wang M, Jin P, Huang J, Nie N, Zhang J, Shao Y, Ge M, Zheng Y. Impaired immunosuppressive effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on T cells in aplastic anemia. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:285. [PMID: 37794484 PMCID: PMC10552221 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have verified the dysfunction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for immunoregulation in acquired aplastic anemia (AA) patients. Exosomes derived from MSCs can partially substitute MSCs acting as immune regulator. Dysfunction of exosomes (Exos) derived from AA-MSC (AA-Exos) may play a key role in immunologic dissonance. METHOD In this study, CD3 + T cells were collected and cocultured with AA-Exos and exosomes derived from HD-MSC (HD-Exos). The proliferation, differentiation and activation of CD3 + T cells were detected to compare the immunosuppressive effects between AA-Exos and HD-Exos. An immune-mediated murine model of AA was structured to compare the therapeutic effect of AA-Exos and HD-Exos. Furthermore, total RNA including miRNA from exosomes we purified and total RNA of CD3 + T cells were extracted for RNA-seq in order to construct the miRNA-mRNA network for interactions and functional analysis. RESULTS AA-Exos had impaired inhibition effects on CD3 + T cells in terms of cell proliferation, activation and differentiation compared with exosomes from HD-Exos. HD-Exos showed a more effective rescue of AA mice compared to AA-Exos. Importantly, we found some differentially expressed miRNA involved in immune response, such as miR-199, miR-128 and miR-486. The Gene Ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed involvement of various cellular processes, such as lymphocyte chemotaxis, lymphocyte migration and response to interferon-gamma. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis illustrated upregulation of critical pathways associated with T cell function after coculturing with AA-Exos compared with HD-Exos, such as graft-versus-host disease, Th17 cell differentiation and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. A miRNA-mRNA network was established to visualize the interaction between them. CONCLUSION In summary, AA-Exos had impaired immunosuppressive effect on T cells, less ability to rescue AA mice and differently expressed miRNA profile, which might partly account for the pathogenesis of AA as well as provide a new target of AA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichong Wang
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center for Anemic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jiali Huo
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center for Anemic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center for Anemic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center for Anemic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center for Anemic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xingxin Li
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center for Anemic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Min Wang
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center for Anemic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center for Anemic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jinbo Huang
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center for Anemic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Neng Nie
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center for Anemic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center for Anemic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yingqi Shao
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center for Anemic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Meili Ge
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center for Anemic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Yizhou Zheng
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center for Anemic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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14
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Zhou AK, Jou E, Lu V, Zhang J, Chabra S, Abishek J, Wong E, Zeng X, Guo B. Using Pre-Clinical Studies to Explore the Potential Clinical Uses of Exosomes Secreted from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:793-809. [PMID: 37651091 PMCID: PMC10519927 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have indicated high potential clinical applications in many diseases. However, the limited source of MSCs impedes their clinical research and application. Most recently, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a promising source of MSCs. Exosome therapy based on iPSC-derived MSCs (iMSCs) is a novel technique with much of its therapeutic potential untapped. Compared to MSCs, iMSCs have proved superior in cell proliferation, immunomodulation, generation of exosomes capable of controlling the microenvironment, and bioactive paracrine factor secretion, while also theoretically eliminating the dependence on immunosuppression drugs. The therapeutic effects of iMSC-derived exosomes are explored in many diseases and are best studied in wound healing, cardiovascular disease, and musculoskeletal pathology. It is pertinent clinicians have a strong understanding of stem cell therapy and the latest advances that will eventually translate into clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the various applications of exosomes derived from iMSCs in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kailin Zhou
- Addenbrookes Major Trauma Unit, Department of Trauma And Orthopaedics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Watford General Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eric Jou
- Addenbrookes Major Trauma Unit, Department of Trauma And Orthopaedics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- School Of Clinical Medicine, University Of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victor Lu
- Addenbrookes Major Trauma Unit, Department of Trauma And Orthopaedics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- School Of Clinical Medicine, University Of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Zhang
- Addenbrookes Major Trauma Unit, Department of Trauma And Orthopaedics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- School Of Clinical Medicine, University Of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shirom Chabra
- School Of Clinical Medicine, University Of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Xianwei Zeng
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to National Research Centre for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Ministry of Civil Affairs of China, Beijing, China.
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Baoqiang Guo
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
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15
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Borrill R, Poulton K, Wynn R. Immunology of cord blood T-cells favors augmented disease response during clinical pediatric stem cell transplantation for acute leukemia. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1232281. [PMID: 37780051 PMCID: PMC10534014 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1232281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been an important and efficacious treatment for acute leukemia in children for over 60 years. It works primarily through the graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) effect, in which donor T-cells and other immune cells act to eliminate residual leukemia. Cord blood is an alternative source of stem cells for transplantation, with distinct biological and immunological characteristics. Retrospective clinical studies report superior relapse rates with cord blood transplantation (CBT), when compared to other stem cell sources, particularly for patients with high-risk leukemia. Xenograft models also support the superiority of cord blood T-cells in eradicating malignancy, when compared to those derived from peripheral blood. Conversely, CBT has historically been associated with an increased risk of transplant-related mortality (TRM) and morbidity, particularly from infection. Here we discuss clinical aspects of CBT, the unique immunology of cord blood T-cells, their role in the GVL effect and future methods to maximize their utility in cellular therapies for leukemia, honing and harnessing their antitumor properties whilst managing the risks of TRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roisin Borrill
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kay Poulton
- Transplantation Laboratory, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Wynn
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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16
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Fracchia A, Khare D, Da’na S, Or R, Buxboim A, Nachmias B, Barkatz C, Golan-Gerstl R, Tiwari S, Stepensky P, Nevo Y, Benyamini H, Elgavish S, Almogi-Hazan O, Avni B. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Apoptosis, TNF Alpha and Interferon Gamma Response Gene mRNA Expression in T Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13689. [PMID: 37761990 PMCID: PMC10530670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of small extracellular bodies derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-sEVs) for various diseases, notably through their ability to alter T-cell differentiation and function. The current study aimed to explore immunomodulatory pathway alterations within T cells through mRNA sequencing of activated T cells cocultured with bone marrow-derived MSC-sEVs. mRNA profiling of activated human T cells cocultured with MSC-sEVs or vehicle control was performed using the QIAGEN Illumina sequencing platform. Pathway networks and biological functions of the differentially expressed genes were analyzed using Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA)® software, KEGG pathway, GSEA and STRING database. A total of 364 differentially expressed genes were identified in sEV-treated T cells. Canonical pathway analysis highlighted the RhoA signaling pathway. Cellular development, movement, growth and proliferation, cell-to-cell interaction and inflammatory response-related gene expression were altered. KEGG enrichment pathway analysis underscored the apoptosis pathway. GSEA identified enrichment in downregulated genes associated with TNF alpha and interferon gamma response, and upregulated genes related to apoptosis and migration of lymphocytes and T-cell differentiation gene sets. Our findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms by which MSC-sEVs implement immunomodulatory effects on activated T cells. These findings may contribute to the development of MSC-sEV-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fracchia
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Drirh Khare
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Samar Da’na
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
| | - Reuven Or
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Amnon Buxboim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel;
| | - Boaz Nachmias
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Claudine Barkatz
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
| | - Regina Golan-Gerstl
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Swasti Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India;
| | - Polina Stepensky
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (Y.N.); (H.B.); (S.E.)
| | - Hadar Benyamini
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (Y.N.); (H.B.); (S.E.)
| | - Sharona Elgavish
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (Y.N.); (H.B.); (S.E.)
| | - Osnat Almogi-Hazan
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
| | - Batia Avni
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
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Mendiratta M, Mendiratta M, Mohanty S, Sahoo RK, Prakash H. Breaking the graft-versus-host-disease barrier: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells as precision healers. Int Rev Immunol 2023; 43:95-112. [PMID: 37639700 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2023.2252007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells (MSCs) are multipotent, non-hematopoietic progenitor cells with a wide range of immune modulation and regenerative potential which qualify them as a potential component of cell-based therapy for various autoimmune/chronic inflammatory ailments. Their immunomodulatory properties include the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, the ability to suppress T-cell activation and differentiation, and the induction of regulatory T-cells. Considering this and our interest, we here discuss the significance of MSC for the management of Graft-versus-Host-Disease (GvHD), one of the autoimmune manifestations in human. In pre-clinical models, MSCs have been shown to reduce the severity of GvHD symptoms, including skin and gut damage, which are the most common and debilitating manifestations of this disease. While initial clinical studies of MSCs in GvHD cases were promising, the results were variable in randomized studies. So, further studies are warranted to fully understand their potential benefits, safety profile, and optimal dosing regimens. Owing to these inevitable issues, here we discuss various mechanisms, and how MSCs can be employed in managing GvHD, as a cellular therapeutic approach for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Mendiratta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Hridayesh Prakash
- Amity Centre for Translational Research, Amity University, Noida, India
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18
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Zhou Y, Dong Y, Zhang A, Wu J, Sun Q. The role of mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes as a novel nanobiotechnology target in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1214190. [PMID: 37662434 PMCID: PMC10470003 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1214190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), one of the most common types of stem cells, are involved in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). With the advancement of nanotechnology, exosomes, especially exosomes secreted by MSCs, have been found to play an important role in the initiation and development of tumors. In recent years, nanobiotechnology and bioengineering technology have been gradually developed to detect and identify exosomes for diagnosis and modify exosomes for tumor treatment. Several novel therapeutic strategies bioengineer exosomes to carry drugs, proteins, and RNAs, and further deliver their encapsulated cargoes to cancer cells through the properties of exosomes. The unique properties of exosomes in cancer treatment include targeting, low immunogenicity, flexibility in modification, and high biological barrier permeability. Nevertheless, the current comprehensive understanding of the roles of MSCs and their secreted exosomes in cancer development remain inadequate. It is necessary to better understand/update the mechanism of action of MSCs-secreted exosomes in cancer development, providing insights for better modification of exosomes through bioengineering technology and nanobiotechnology. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of MSCs-secreted exosomes and bioengineered exosomes in the development, progression, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuqing Dong
- China Medical University and Department of Pathology, Shenyang, China
| | - Aixue Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jibin Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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19
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Madel RJ, Börger V, Dittrich R, Bremer M, Tertel T, Phuong NNT, Baba HA, Kordelas L, Staubach S, Stein F, Haberkant P, Hackl M, Grillari R, Grillari J, Buer J, Horn PA, Westendorf AM, Brandau S, Kirschning CJ, Giebel B. Independent human mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicle preparations differentially attenuate symptoms in an advanced murine graft-versus-host disease model. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:821-836. [PMID: 37055321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Extracellular vesicles (EVs) harvested from conditioned media of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) suppress acute inflammation in various disease models and promote regeneration of damaged tissues. After successful treatment of a patient with acute steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) using EVs prepared from conditioned media of human bone marrow-derived MSCs, this study focused on improving the MSC-EV production for clinical application. METHODS Independent MSC-EV preparations all produced according to a standardized procedure revealed broad immunomodulatory differences. Only a proportion of the MSC-EV products applied effectively modulated immune responses in a multi-donor mixed lymphocyte reaction (mdMLR) assay. To explore the relevance of such differences in vivo, at first a mouse GVHD model was optimized. RESULTS The functional testing of selected MSC-EV preparations demonstrated that MSC-EV preparations revealing immunomodulatory capabilities in the mdMLR assay also effectively suppress GVHD symptoms in this model. In contrast, MSC-EV preparations, lacking such in vitro activities, also failed to modulate GVHD symptoms in vivo. Searching for differences of the active and inactive MSC-EV preparations, no concrete proteins or miRNAs were identified that could serve as surrogate markers. CONCLUSIONS Standardized MSC-EV production strategies may not be sufficient to warrant manufacturing of MSC-EV products with reproducible qualities. Consequently, given this functional heterogeneity, every individual MSC-EV preparation considered for the clinical application should be evaluated for its therapeutic potency before administration to patients. Here, upon comparing immunomodulating capabilities of independent MSC-EV preparations in vivo and in vitro, we found that the mdMLR assay was qualified for such analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabea J Madel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Börger
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robin Dittrich
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michel Bremer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nhi Ngo Thi Phuong
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hideo A Baba
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lambros Kordelas
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simon Staubach
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Stein
- Proteomics Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Haberkant
- Proteomics Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Johannes Grillari
- Evercyte GmbH, Vienna, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter A Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten J Kirschning
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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20
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Riekert M, Almanzar G, Schmalzing M, Schütze N, Jakob F, Prelog M. Mesenchymal stem cells modulate IL-17 and IL-9 production induced by Th17-inducing cytokine conditions in autoimmune arthritis: an explorative analysis. Adv Rheumatol 2023; 63:37. [PMID: 37525265 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-023-00317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of proinflammatory T-cells and their cytokine production in patients with autoimmune arthritis has been widely described. Due to their immunomodulatory properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have come into focus as a potential therapeutic concept. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of MSCs on the phenotype, cytokine profile, and functionality of naive and non-naive CD4+ T-cells from healthy donors (HD) and patients with autoimmune arthritis under Th17-cytokine polarizing conditions in an explorative way using a transwell system prohibiting any cell-cell-contact. METHODS Magnetically isolated naive and non-naive CD4+ T-cells were stimulated under Th17-polarizing proinflammatory cytokine conditions in presence and absence of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). After an incubation period of 6 days, the proportions of the T-cell subpopulations TEMRA (CD45RA+CD27-), memory (CD45RA-CD27+), effector (CD45RA-CD27-) and naive cells (CD45RA+CD27+) were determined. Quantitative immunofluorescence intensity was used as a measure for IL-9, IL-17 and IFN-γ production in each subpopulation. RESULTS In isolated naive CD4+ T-cells from HD and patients, MSCs suppressed the differentiation of naive towards an effector phenotype while memory and naive cells showed higher percentages in culture with MSCs. In patients, MSCs significantly decreased the proportion of IL-9 and IL-17 producing effector T-cells. MSCs also reduced IFN-γ production in the naive and memory phenotype from HD. CONCLUSION The results of the study indicate significant immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, as under Th17-polarizing conditions MSCs are still able to control T-cell differentiation and proinflammatory cytokine production in both HD and patients with autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Riekert
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmalzing
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Schütze
- Orthopedic Clinic, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Orthopedic Clinic, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martina Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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21
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Wen J, Creaven D, Luan X, Wang J. Comparison of immunotherapy mediated by apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes: apoptotic bodies' unique anti-inflammatory potential. J Transl Med 2023; 21:478. [PMID: 37461033 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, including immunostimulation and immunosuppression, has seen significant development in the last 10 years. Immunostimulation has been verified as effective in anti-cancer treatment, while immunosuppression is used in the treatment of autoimmune disease and inflammation. Currently, with the update of newly-invented simplified isolation methods and the findings of potent triggered immune responses, extracellular vesicle-based immunotherapy is very eye-catching. However, the research on three main types of extracellular vesicles, exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, needs to be more balanced. These three subtypes share a certain level of similarity, and at the same time, they have their own properties caused by the different methods of biogensis. Herein, we summarized respectively the status of immunotherapy based on each kind of vesicle and discuss the possible involved mechanisms. In conclusion, we highlighted that the effect of the apoptotic body is clear and strong. Apoptotic bodies have an excellent potential in immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory therapies .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Dale Creaven
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Xiangshu Luan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiemin Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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22
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Tang X, Xu R, Wang Y, Chen K, Cui S. TERC haploid cell reprogramming: a novel therapeutic strategy for aplastic anemia. Mol Med 2023; 29:94. [PMID: 37424004 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The telomerase RNA component (TERC) gene plays an important role in telomerase-dependent extension and maintenance of the telomeres. In the event of TERC haploinsufficiency, telomere length is often affected; this, in turn, can result in the development of progeria-related diseases such as aplastic anemia (AA) and congenital keratosis. Cell reprogramming can reverse the differentiation process and can, therefore, transform cells into pluripotent stem cells with stronger differentiation and self-renewal abilities; further, cell reprograming can also extend the telomere length of these cells, which may be crucial in the diagnosis and treatment of telomere depletion diseases such as AA. In this study, we summarized the effects of TERC haploid cell reprogramming on telomere length and the correlation between this alteration and the pathogenesis of AA; by investigating the role of cell reprogramming in AA, we aimed to identify novel diagnostic indicators and therapeutic strategies for patients with AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ruirong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Kaiqing Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Siyuan Cui
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
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23
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Kahrizi MS, Mousavi E, Khosravi A, Rahnama S, Salehi A, Nasrabadi N, Ebrahimzadeh F, Jamali S. Recent advances in pre-conditioned mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSCs) therapy in organ failure; a comprehensive review of preclinical studies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:155. [PMID: 37287066 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs)-based therapy brings the reassuring capability to regenerative medicine through their self-renewal and multilineage potency. Also, they secret a diversity of mediators, which are complicated in moderation of deregulated immune responses, and yielding angiogenesis in vivo. Nonetheless, MSCs may lose biological performance after procurement and prolonged expansion in vitro. Also, following transplantation and migration to target tissue, they encounter a harsh milieu accompanied by death signals because of the lack of proper tensegrity structure between the cells and matrix. Accordingly, pre-conditioning of MSCs is strongly suggested to upgrade their performances in vivo, leading to more favored transplantation efficacy in regenerative medicine. Indeed, MSCs ex vivo pre-conditioning by hypoxia, inflammatory stimulus, or other factors/conditions may stimulate their survival, proliferation, migration, exosome secretion, and pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory characteristics in vivo. In this review, we deliver an overview of the pre-conditioning methods that are considered a strategy for improving the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in organ failures, in particular, renal, heart, lung, and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elnaz Mousavi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Armin Khosravi
- Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Rahnama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Salehi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Navid Nasrabadi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Samira Jamali
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Sánchez ML, Valdez H, Conde M, Viaña-Mendieta P, Boccaccini AR. Polymers and Bioactive Compounds with a Macrophage Modulation Effect for the Rational Design of Hydrogels for Skin Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1655. [PMID: 37376103 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of biomaterial platforms for dispensing reagents of interest such as antioxidants, growth factors or antibiotics based on functional hydrogels represents a biotechnological solution for many challenges that the biomedicine field is facing. In this context, in situ dosing of therapeutic components for dermatological injuries such as diabetic foot ulcers is a relatively novel strategy to improve the wound healing process. Hydrogels have shown more comfort for the treatment of wounds due to their smooth surface and moisture, as well as their structural affinity with tissues in comparison to hyperbaric oxygen therapy, ultrasound, and electromagnetic therapies, negative pressure wound therapy or skin grafts. Macrophages, one of the most important cells of the innate immune system, have been described as the key not only in relation to the host immune defense, but also in the progress of wound healing. Macrophage dysfunction in chronic wounds of diabetic patients leads to a perpetuating inflammatory environment and impairs tissue repair. Modulating the macrophage phenotype from pro-inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) could be a strategy for helping to improve chronic wound healing. In this regard, a new paradigm is found in the development of advanced biomaterials capable of inducing in situ macrophage polarization to offer an approach to wound care. Such an approach opens a new direction for the development of multifunctional materials in regenerative medicine. This paper surveys emerging hydrogel materials and bioactive compounds being investigated to induce the immunomodulation of macrophages. We propose four potential functional biomaterials for wound healing applications based on novel biomaterial/bioactive compound combination that are expected to show synergistic beneficial outcomes for the local differentiation of macrophages (M1-M2) as a therapeutic strategy for chronic wound healing improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna L Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal B1876, Argentina
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hugo Valdez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular e Inmunomecanismos, CINDEFI|Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, La Plata B1900AJL, Argentina
| | - Micaela Conde
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal B1876, Argentina
| | - Pamela Viaña-Mendieta
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Instituto para la Investigación en Obesidad, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Davies R, Allen S, Mennan C, Platt M, Wright K, Kehoe O. Extracellular Vesicle Depletion Protocols of Foetal Bovine Serum Influence Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Phenotype, Immunomodulation, and Particle Release. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119242. [PMID: 37298194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory properties of MSCs can be recreated using their extracellular vesicles (EVs). Yet, the true capabilities of the MSC EVs cannot be distinguished from contaminating bovine EVs and protein derived from supplemental foetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS EV depletion protocols can minimise this, but vary in terms of depletion efficiency, which can negatively impact the cell phenotype. We explore the impact of FBS EV depletion strategies, including ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, and serum-free, on umbilical cord MSC characteristics. Whilst a greater depletion efficiency, seen in the ultrafiltration and serum-free strategies, did not impact the MSC markers or viability, the MSCs did become more fibroblastic, had slower proliferation, and showed inferior immunomodulatory capabilities. Upon MSC EV enrichment, more particles, with a greater particle/protein ratio, were isolated upon increasing the FBS depletion efficiency, except for serum-free, which showed a decreased particle number. Whilst all conditions showed the presence of EV-associated markers (CD9, CD63, and CD81), serum-free was shown to represent a higher proportion of these markers when normalised by total protein. Thus, we caution MSC EV researchers on the use of highly efficient EV depletion protocols, showing that it can impact the MSC phenotype, including their immunomodulatory properties, and stress the importance of testing in consideration to downstream objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Davies
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Medicine (Keele University), RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Shannen Allen
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Medicine (Keele University), RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Claire Mennan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering (Keele University), RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analytical Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Karina Wright
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering (Keele University), RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Oksana Kehoe
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Medicine (Keele University), RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK
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26
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Hess NJ, Kink JA, Hematti P. Exosomes, MDSCs and Tregs: A new frontier for GVHD prevention and treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1143381. [PMID: 37063900 PMCID: PMC10090348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1143381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of graft versus host disease (GVHD) represents a long-standing complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Different approaches have been used to control the development of GVHD with most relying on variations of chemotherapy drugs to eliminate allo-reactive T cells. While these approaches have proven effective, it is generally accepted that safer, and less toxic GVHD prophylaxis drugs are required to reduce the health burden placed on allo-HCT recipients. In this review, we will summarize the emerging concepts revolving around three biologic-based therapies for GVHD using T regulatory cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived-suppressor-cells (MDSCs) and mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) exosomes. This review will highlight how each specific modality is unique in its mechanism of action, but also share a common theme in their ability to preferentially activate and expand Treg populations in vivo. As these three GVHD prevention/treatment modalities continue their path toward clinical application, it is imperative the field understand both the biological advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Hess
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - John A. Kink
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States
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27
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Chen LY, Kao TW, Chen CC, Niaz N, Lee HL, Chen YH, Kuo CC, Shen YA. Frontier Review of the Molecular Mechanisms and Current Approaches of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071018. [PMID: 37048091 PMCID: PMC10093591 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are effective therapeutic vehicles that may transport their substances across cells. They are shown to possess the capacity to affect cell proliferation, migration, anti-apoptosis, anti-scarring, and angiogenesis, via the action of transporting molecular components. Possessing immense potential in regenerative medicine, exosomes, especially stem cell-derived exosomes, have the advantages of low immunogenicity, minimal invasiveness, and broad clinical applicability. Exosome biodistribution and pharmacokinetics may be altered, in response to recent advancements in technology, for the purpose of treating particular illnesses. Yet, prior to clinical application, it is crucial to ascertain the ideal dose and any potential negative consequences of an exosome. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived exosomes and further illustrates the molecular mechanisms that underpin their potential in musculoskeletal regeneration, wound healing, female infertility, cardiac recovery, immunomodulation, neurological disease, and metabolic regulation. In addition, we provide a summary of the currently effective techniques for isolating exosomes, and describe the innovations in biomaterials that improve the efficacy of exosome-based treatments. Overall, this paper provides an updated overview of the biological factors found in stem cell-derived exosomes, as well as potential targets for future cell-free therapeutic applications.
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28
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Lee S, Jung S, Kim HJ, Kim S, Moon JH, Chung H, Kang SJ, Park CG. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles subvert Th17 cells by destabilizing RORγt through posttranslational modification. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:665-679. [PMID: 36964252 PMCID: PMC10073130 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) are known to exert immunosuppressive functions. This study showed that MSC-sEVs specifically convert T helper 17 (Th17) cells into IL-17 low-producer (ex-Th17) cells by degrading RAR-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) at the protein level. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-induced mice, treatment with MSC-sEVs was found to not only ameliorate clinical symptoms but also to reduce the number of Th17 cells in draining lymph nodes and the central nervous system. MSC-sEVs were found to destabilize RORγt by K63 deubiquitination and deacetylation, which was attributed to the EP300-interacting inhibitor of differentiation 3 (Eid3) contained in the MSC-sEVs. Small extracellular vesicles isolated from the Eid3 knockdown MSCs by Eid3-shRNA failed to downregulate RORγt. Moreover, forced expression of Eid3 by gene transfection was found to significantly decrease the protein level of RORγt in Th17 cells. Altogether, this study reveals the novel immunosuppressive mechanisms of MSC-sEVs, which suggests the feasibility of MSC-sEVs as an attractive therapeutic tool for curing Th17-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunho Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Jung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hyun Je Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sueon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Moon
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Chung-Gyu Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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29
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Liu P, An Y, Zhu T, Tang S, Huang X, Li S, Fu F, Chen J, Xuan K. Mesenchymal stem cells: Emerging concepts and recent advances in their roles in organismal homeostasis and therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1131218. [PMID: 36968100 PMCID: PMC10034133 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1131218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells play a crucial role in re-establishing homeostasis in the body, and the search for mechanisms by which they interact with the host to exert their therapeutic effects remains a key question currently being addressed. Considering their significant regenerative/therapeutic potential, research on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has experienced an unprecedented advance in recent years, becoming the focus of extensive works worldwide to develop cell-based approaches for a variety of diseases. Initial evidence for the effectiveness of MSCs therapy comes from the restoration of dynamic microenvironmental homeostasis and endogenous stem cell function in recipient tissues by systemically delivered MSCs. The specific mechanisms by which the effects are exerted remain to be investigated in depth. Importantly, the profound cell-host interplay leaves persistent therapeutic benefits that remain detectable long after the disappearance of transplanted MSCs. In this review, we summarize recent advances on the role of MSCs in multiple disease models, provide insights into the mechanisms by which MSCs interact with endogenous stem cells to exert therapeutic effects, and refine the interconnections between MSCs and cells fused to damaged sites or differentiated into functional cells early in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisheng Liu
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongqian An
- Department of Stomatology, 962 Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siyuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Ji Chen, ; Kun Xuan,
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Ji Chen, ; Kun Xuan,
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Joshi JM, Muttigi MS, Upadhya R, Seetharam RN. An overview of the current advances in the treatment of inflammatory diseases using mesenchymal stromal cell secretome. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023:1-11. [PMID: 36786742 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2180388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy has been leading to the utilization of its therapeutic properties in a variety of inflammatory diseases. The clinical translation of the related research from bench to bedside is cumbersome due to some obvious limitations of cell therapy. It is evident from the literature that the MSC secretome components mediate their wide range of functions. Cell-free therapy using MSC secretome is being considered as an emerging and promising area of biotherapeutics. The secretome mainly consists of bioactive factors, free nucleic acids, and extracellular vesicles. Constituents of the secretome are greatly influenced by the cell's microenvironment. The broad array of immunomodulatory properties of MSCs are now being employed to target inflammatory diseases. This review focuses on the emerging MSC secretome therapies for various inflammatory diseases. The mechanism of action of the various anti-inflammatory factors is discussed. The potential of MSC secretome as a viable anti-inflammatory therapy is deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahnavy Madhukar Joshi
- Manipal Center for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunatha S Muttigi
- Manipal Center for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghavendra Upadhya
- Manipal Center for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raviraja N Seetharam
- Manipal Center for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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31
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Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Basic Research and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043888. [PMID: 36835295 PMCID: PMC9962639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) have been extensively studied in recent years. Their attractiveness is due to the ease of obtaining clinical material (fat tissue, lipoaspirate) and the relatively large number of AD-MSCs present in adipose tissue. In addition, AD-MSCs possess a high regenerative potential and immunomodulatory activities. Therefore, AD-MSCs have great potential in stem cell-based therapies in wound healing as well as in orthopedic, cardiovascular, or autoimmune diseases. There are many ongoing clinical trials on AD-MSC and in many cases their effectiveness has been proven. In this article, we present current knowledge about AD-MSCs based on our experience and other authors. We also demonstrate the application of AD-MSCs in selected pre-clinical models and clinical studies. Adipose-derived stromal cells can also be the pillar of the next generation of stem cells that will be chemically or genetically modified. Despite much research on these cells, there are still important and interesting areas to explore.
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Biodistribution of Intratracheal, Intranasal, and Intravenous Injections of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in a Mouse Model for Drug Delivery Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020548. [PMID: 36839873 PMCID: PMC9964290 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are extensively studied as therapeutic tools. Evaluation of their biodistribution is fundamental to understanding MSC-EVs' impact on target organs. In our work, MSC-EVs were initially labeled with DiR, a fluorescent lipophilic dye, and administered to BALB/c mice (2.00 × 1010 EV/mice) through the following routes: intravenous (IV), intratracheal (IT) and intranasal (IN). DiR-labeled MSC-EVs were monitored immediately after injection, and after 3 and 24 hours (h). Whole-body analysis, 3 h after IV injection, showed an accumulation of MSC-EVs in the mice abdominal region, compared to IT and IN, where EVs mainly localized at the levels of the chest and brain region, respectively. After 24 h, EV-injected mice retained a stronger positivity in the same regions identified after 3 h from injection. The analyses of isolated organs confirmed the accumulation of EVs in the spleen and liver after IV administration. Twenty-four hours after the IT injection of MSC-EVs, a stronger positivity was detected selectively in the isolated lungs, while for IN, the signal was confined to the brain. In conclusion, these results show that local administration of EVs can increase their concentration in selective organs, limiting their systemic biodistribution and possibly the extra-organ effects. Biodistribution studies can help in the selection of the most appropriate way of administration of MSC-EVs for the treatment of different diseases.
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In vitro treatment of murine splenocytes with extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells altered the mRNA levels of the master regulator genes of T helper cell subsets. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3309-3316. [PMID: 36720794 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) on the production of cytokines and expression of genes, which are corresponded to the subsets of T helper cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The supernatant of the second passage of MSCs that had been isolated from C57BL/6 mice abdominal adipose tissue was used to collect the MSC-EV. Splenocytes of healthy mice were activated using anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies and simultaneously were treated using the MSC-EVs. The proliferation rate of lymphocytes and the frequency of regulatory T cells were measured using flow cytometry. In addition, the expressions of T helper cell subset-specific transcription factors were evaluated using a real-time PCR assay. To appraise the effects of MSC-EV on splenocytes, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-10, and TGF-β were measured using ELISA. RESULTS The results showed that the treatment of the CD3/CD28-activated splenocytes with MSC-EV did not statistically change the proliferation of CD3+ splenocytes. However, after the treatment, the mRNA levels of Foxp3 and Elf4 as well as the frequency of regulatory T cells was significantly higher when compared to the control group. The expression levels of Gata3, Rorc, and Tbx21 were down-regulated while, the corresponding cytokines levels did not alter. CONCLUSION The results revealed that the in vitro treatment of MSC-EV was associated with the increase in the frequency of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells and upregulation of Foxp3 mRNA level.
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Small Extracellular Vesicles as a New Class of Medicines. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020325. [PMID: 36839647 PMCID: PMC9961868 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles that are naturally released from cells in a lipid bilayer-bound form. A subset population with a size of 200 nm, small EVs (sEVs), is enticing in many ways. Initially perceived as mere waste receptacles, sEVs have revealed other biological functions, such as cell-to-cell signal transduction and communication. Besides their notable biological functions, sEVs have profound advantages as future drug modalities: (i) excellent biocompatibility, (ii) high stability, and (iii) the potential to carry undruggable macromolecules as cargo. Indeed, many biopharmaceutical companies are utilizing sEVs, not only as diagnostic biomarkers but as therapeutic drugs. However, as all inchoate fields are challenging, there are limitations and hindrances in the clinical translation of sEV therapeutics. In this review, we summarize different types of sEV therapeutics, future improvements, and current strategies in large-scale production.
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35
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Liu X, Wei Q, Lu L, Cui S, Ma K, Zhang W, Ma F, Li H, Fu X, Zhang C. Immunomodulatory potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: Targeting immune cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1094685. [PMID: 36860847 PMCID: PMC9968735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Various intractable inflammatory diseases caused by disorders of immune systems have pressed heavily on public health. Innate and adaptive immune cells as well as secreted cytokines and chemokines are commanders to mediate our immune systems. Therefore, restoring normal immunomodulatory responses of immune cells is crucial for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are nano-sized double-membraned vesicles acting as paracrine effectors of MSCs. MSC-EVs, containing a variety of therapeutic agents, have shown great potential in immune modulation. Herein, we discuss the novel regulatory functions of MSC-EVs from different sources in the activities of innate and adaptive immune cells like macrophages, granulocytes, mast cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and lymphocytes. Then, we summarize the latest clinical trials of MSC-EVs in inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we prospect the research trend of MSC-EVs in the field of immune modulation. Despite the fact that the research on the role of MSC-EVs in regulating immune cells is in infancy, this cell-free therapy based on MSC-EVs still offers a promising solution for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of NBC Defence, PLA Army, Beijing, China
| | - Shengnan Cui
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Dermatology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Ma
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haihong Li
- Department of Wound Repair, Institute of Wound Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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36
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The Upregulation of Regenerative Activity for Extracellular Vesicles with Melatonin Modulation in Chemically Defined Media. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315089. [PMID: 36499413 PMCID: PMC9736868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been widely known to have therapeutic effects by representing characteristics of the origin cells as an alternative for cell-based therapeutics. Major limitations of EVs for clinical applications include low production yields, unknown effects from serum impurities, and relatively low bioactivities against dose. In this study, we proposed a cell modulation method with melatonin for human umbilical cord MSCs (hUCMSCs) cultured in serum-free chemically defined media (CDM) to eliminate the effects of serum-derived impurities and promote regeneration-related activities. miRNAs highly associated with regeneration were selected and the expression levels of them were comparatively analyzed among various types of EVs depending on culture conditions. The EVs derived from melatonin-stimulated hUCMSCs in CDM (CDM mEVs) showed the highest expression levels of regeneration-related miRNAs, and 7 times more hsa-let-7b-5p, 5.6 times more hsa-miR-23a-3p, and 5.7 times more hsa-miR-100-5p than others, respectively. In addition, the upregulation of various functionalities, such as wound healing, angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, ROS scavenging, and anti-apoptosis, were proven using in vitro assays by simulating the characteristics of EVs with bioinformatics analysis. The present results suggest that the highly regenerative properties of hUCMSC-derived EVs were accomplished with melatonin stimulation in CDM and provided the potential for clinical uses of EVs.
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37
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Fujii S, Miura Y. Immunomodulatory and Regenerative Effects of MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles to Treat Acute GVHD. Stem Cells 2022; 40:977-990. [PMID: 35930478 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of human mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has focused on exploring biological nanoparticles secreted from MSCs. There is emerging evidence that the immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of MSCs can be recapitulated by extracellular vesicles released from MSCs (MSC-EVs). Off-the-shelf allogeneic human MSC products are clinically available to treat acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), but real-world data have revealed the limitations of these products as well as their feasibility, safety, and efficacy. MSC-EVs may have advantages over parental MSCs as drugs because of their distinguished biodistribution and importantly dose-dependent therapeutic effects. Recent research has shed light on the role of microRNAs in the mode-of-action of MSC-EVs. A group of specific microRNAs alone or in combination with membrane proteins, membrane lipids, and soluble factors present in MSC-EVs play key roles in the regulation of GVHD. In this concise review, we review the regulation of T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity and antigen-presenting cell-mediated innate immunity by MSC-EVs and the direct regenerative effects on damaged cells in association with the immunopathology of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumie Fujii
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miura
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
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38
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Doglio M, Crossland RE, Alho AC, Penack O, Dickinson AM, Stary G, Lacerda JF, Eissner G, Inngjerdingen M. Cell-based therapy in prophylaxis and treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1045168. [PMID: 36466922 PMCID: PMC9714556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1045168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is a curative option for patients with hematological malignancies. However, due to disparities in major and minor histocompatibility antigens between donor and recipient, severe inflammatory complications can occur, among which chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) can be life-threatening. A classical therapeutic approach to the prevention and treatment of cGVHD has been broad immunosuppression, but more recently adjuvant immunotherapies have been tested. This review summarizes and discusses immunomodulatory approaches with T cells, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and regulatory T cells, with natural killer (NK) cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), and finally with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and extracellular vesicles thereof. Clinical studies and pre-clinical research results are presented likewise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Doglio
- Experimental Haematology Unit, Division of Immunology Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Rachel E. Crossland
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ana C. Alho
- JLacerda Lab, Hematology and Transplantation Immunology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Serviço de Hematologia e Transplantação de Medula, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Olaf Penack
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne M. Dickinson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Alcyomics Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - João F. Lacerda
- JLacerda Lab, Hematology and Transplantation Immunology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Serviço de Hematologia e Transplantação de Medula, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Günther Eissner
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marit Inngjerdingen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Alberti G, Russo E, Corrao S, Anzalone R, Kruzliak P, Miceli V, Conaldi PG, Di Gaudio F, La Rocca G. Current Perspectives on Adult Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Biological Features and Clinical Indications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2822. [PMID: 36359342 PMCID: PMC9687875 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) constitute one of the main mechanisms by which cells communicate with the surrounding tissue or at distance. Vesicle secretion is featured by most cell types, and adult mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of different tissue origins have shown the ability to produce them. In recent years, several reports disclosed the molecular composition and suggested clinical indications for EVs derived from adult MSCs. The parental cells were already known for their roles in different disease settings in regulating inflammation, immune modulation, or transdifferentiation to promote cell repopulation. Interestingly, most reports also suggested that part of the properties of parental cells were maintained by isolated EV populations. This review analyzes the recent development in the field of cell-free therapies, focusing on several adult tissues as a source of MSC-derived EVs and the available clinical data from in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Alberti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Corrao
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Anzalone
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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40
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Liu Z, Zeng Q, Chen X, He C, Wang F, Liu T. Donor peritoneal-derived cells can attenuate graft-versus-host disease after MHC-incompatible bone marrow transplantation in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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41
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Ma N, Liu Y, Chen D, Wu C, Meng Z. In Vivo Imaging of Exosomes Labeled with NIR-II Polymer Dots in Liver-Injured Mice. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4825-4833. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China−Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihui Meng
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China−Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
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42
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Molecular Docking and Intracellular Translocation of Extracellular Vesicles for Efficient Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112971. [PMID: 36361760 PMCID: PMC9659046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, mediate intercellular communication by delivering their contents, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, to distant target cells. EVs play a role in the progression of several diseases. In particular, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels in exosomes are associated with cancer progression. Furthermore, exosomes are being used for new drug-delivery systems by modifying their membrane peptides to promote their intracellular transduction via micropinocytosis. In this review, we aim to show that an efficient drug-delivery system and a useful therapeutic strategy can be established by controlling the molecular docking and intracellular translocation of exosomes. We summarise the mechanisms of molecular docking of exosomes, the biological effects of exosomes transmitted into target cells, and the current state of exosomes as drug delivery systems.
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43
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Nachmias B, Zimran E, Avni B. Mesenchymal stroma/stem cells: Haematologists' friend or foe? Br J Haematol 2022; 199:175-189. [PMID: 35667616 PMCID: PMC9796884 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are non-haematopoietic cells found in fetal and adult organs, that play important roles in tissue repair, inflammation and immune modulation. MSCs residing in the bone marrow interact closely with haematopoietic cells and comprise an important component of the microenvironment supporting haematopoiesis, in both health and disease states. Since their identification in 1970, basic scientific and preclinical research efforts have shed light on the role of MSCs in the regulation of haematopoiesis and evoked interest in their clinical application in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and malignant haematology. Over the last two decades, these research efforts have led to numerous clinical trials, which have established the safety of MSC therapy; however, the optimal mode of administration and the benefit remain inconclusive. In this paper, we will review the clinical experience with use of MSCs in HSCT for enhancement of engraftment, prevention and treatment of graft-versus-host disease and haemorrhagic cystitis. Then, we will discuss the contradictory evidence regarding tumour-promoting versus tumour-suppressing effects of MSCs in haematological malignancies, which may have relevance for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Nachmias
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer ImmunotherapyHadassah Medical Center and Hebrew UniversityJerusalemIsrael
| | - Eran Zimran
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer ImmunotherapyHadassah Medical Center and Hebrew UniversityJerusalemIsrael
| | - Batia Avni
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer ImmunotherapyHadassah Medical Center and Hebrew UniversityJerusalemIsrael
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44
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Sun G, Gu Q, Zheng J, Cheng H, Cheng T. Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:160840. [PMID: 36106632 PMCID: PMC9479752 DOI: 10.1172/jci160840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells, regulated by their microenvironment (or “niche”), sustain the production of mature blood and immune cells. Leukemia cells remodel the microenvironment to enhance their survival, which is accompanied by the loss of support for normal hematopoiesis in hematologic malignancies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication in physiological and pathological conditions, and deciphering their functions in cell-cell interactions in the ecosystem can highlight potential therapeutic targets. In this Review, we illustrate the utility of EVs derived from various cell types, focusing on the biological molecules they contain and the behavioral alterations they can induce in recipient cells. We also discuss the potential for clinical application in hematologic malignancies, including EV-based therapeutic regimens, drug delivery via EVs, and the use of EVs (or their cargoes) as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Junke Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Huang Y, Wu Q, Tam PKH. Immunomodulatory Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Potential Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710023. [PMID: 36077421 PMCID: PMC9456387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with the capacity of self-renewal, homing, and low immunogenicity. These distinct biological characteristics have already shown immense potential in regenerative medicine. MSCs also possess immunomodulatory properties that can maintain immune homeostasis when the immune response is over-activated or under-activated. The secretome of MSCs consists of cytokines, chemokines, signaling molecules, and growth factors, which effectively contribute to the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. The immunomodulatory effects of MSCs can also be achieved through direct cell contact with microenvironmental factors and immune cells. Furthermore, preconditioned and engineered MSCs can specifically improve the immunomodulation effects in diverse clinical applications. These multifunctional properties of MSCs enable them to be used as a prospective therapeutic strategy to treat immune disorders, including autoimmune diseases and incurable inflammatory diseases. Here we review the recent exploration of immunomodulatory mechanisms of MSCs and briefly discuss the promotion of the genetically engineered MSCs. Additionally, we review the potential clinical applications of MSC-mediated immunomodulation in four types of immune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn’s disease, graft-versus-host disease, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (P.K.H.T.)
| | - Paul Kwong Hang Tam
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (P.K.H.T.)
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46
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Pathophysiology of Sepsis and Genesis of Septic Shock: The Critical Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169274. [PMID: 36012544 PMCID: PMC9409099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of sepsis and septic shock remains a major public health issue due to the associated morbidity and mortality. Despite an improvement in the understanding of the physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying its genesis and a growing number of studies exploring an even higher range of targeted therapies, no significant clinical progress has emerged in the past decade. In this context, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) appear more and more as an attractive approach for cell therapy both in experimental and clinical models. Pre-clinical data suggest a cornerstone role of these cells and their secretome in the control of the host immune response. Host-derived factors released from infected cells (i.e., alarmins, HMGB1, ATP, DNA) as well as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (e.g., LPS, peptidoglycans) can activate MSCs located in the parenchyma and around vessels to upregulate the expression of cytokines/chemokines and growth factors that influence, respectively, immune cell recruitment and stem cell mobilization. However, the way in which MSCs exert their beneficial effects in terms of survival and control of inflammation in septic states remains unclear. This review presents the interactions identified between MSCs and mediators of immunity and tissue repair in sepsis. We also propose paradigms related to the plausible roles of MSCs in the process of sepsis and septic shock. Finally, we offer a presentation of experimental and clinical studies and open the way to innovative avenues of research involving MSCs from a prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic point of view in sepsis.
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47
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Fu Y, Li J, Zhang Z, Ren F, Wang Y, Jia H, Liu J, Chang Z. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes alleviate collagen-induced arthritis by balancing the population of Th17 and regulatory T cells. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2668-2677. [PMID: 35918178 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes released by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are thought to function as extensions of the MSCs. However, it remains unclear whether exosomes derived from human umbilical cord MSCs (HUMSCs) possess immunoregulatory functions in rheumatoid arthritis. We report that when mice with collagen-induced arthritis were injected with exosomes derived from HUMSC (HUMSC-Exo) their paws became less swollen, and they had lower serum pro-inflammatory cytokine and anti-collagen IgG levels, and decreased synovial hyperplasia. The HUMSC-Exo appeared to restore the balance between Th17 and Treg cells, and this effect was accompanied by reduced IL-17 and enhanced TGF-β and IL-10 levels. These findings suggest that HUMSC-Exo function as important regulators of the balance between Th1/Th17 and Treg cells during immune and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- TsCell Biotech Inc., Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fangli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yinyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huihui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jihe Liu
- Beijing No. 2 Middle School, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Zhijie Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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48
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Zhang E, Phan P, Zhao Z. Cellular nanovesicles for therapeutic immunomodulation: A perspective on engineering strategies and new advances. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1789-1827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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49
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Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles regulate acquired immune response of lupus mouse in vitro. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13101. [PMID: 35908050 PMCID: PMC9338971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease involving multiple systems. Immunopathology believes that abnormal T cell function and excessive production of autoantibodies by B cells are involved in multi-organ damage. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) therapies have endowed with promise in SLE, while the function of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) was still unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are subcellular components secreted by a paracellular mechanism and are essentially a group of nanoparticles. EVs play a vital role in cell-to-cell communication by acting as biological transporters. New evidence has shown beneficial effects of MSC-EVs on autoimmune diseases, such as their immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we investigated whether hUCMSCs derived extracellular vesicles (hUCMSC-EVs) could regulate abnormal immune responses of T cells or B cells in SLE. We isolated splenic mononuclear cells from MRL/lpr mice, a classical animal model of SLE. PBS (Phosphate-buffered saline), 2 × 105 hUCMSCs, 25 µg/ml hUCMSC-EVs, 50 µg/ml hUCMSC-EVs were co-cultured with 2 × 106 activated splenic mononuclear cells for 3 days in vitro, respectively. The proportions of CD4+ T cell subsets, B cells and the concentrations of cytokines were detected. Both hUCMSCs and hUCMSC-EVs inhibited CD4+ T cells, increased the production of T helper (Th)17 cells, promoted the production of interleukin (IL)-17 and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) (P < 0.05), although they had no significant effects on Th1, Th2, T follicular helper (Tfh), regulatory T (Treg) cells and IL-10 (P > 0.05); only hUCMSCs inhibited CD19+ B cells, promoted the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-4 (P < 0.05). hUCMSCs exert immunoregulatory effects on SLE at least partially through hUCMSC-EVs in vitro, therefore, hUCMSC-EVs play novel and potential regulator roles in SLE.
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50
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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for immunomodulation and regeneration: a next generation therapeutic tool? Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:580. [PMID: 35787632 PMCID: PMC9252569 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be widely isolated from various tissues including bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue, with the potential for self-renewal and multipotent differentiation. There is compelling evidence that the therapeutic effect of MSCs mainly depends on their paracrine action. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are fundamental paracrine effectors of MSCs and play a crucial role in intercellular communication, existing in various body fluids and cell supernatants. Since MSC-derived EVs retain the function of protocells and have lower immunogenicity, they have a wide range of prospective therapeutic applications with advantages over cell therapy. We describe some characteristics of MSC-EVs, and discuss their role in immune regulation and regeneration, with emphasis on the molecular mechanism and application of MSC-EVs in the treatment of fibrosis and support tissue repair. We also highlight current challenges in the clinical application of MSC-EVs and potential ways to overcome the problem of quality heterogeneity.
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