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Varisli L, Vlahopoulos S. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Acute Leukemias. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2173. [PMID: 38396852 PMCID: PMC10889420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a metabolic process that confers phenotypic flexibility to cells and the ability to adapt to new functions. This transition is critical during embryogenesis and is required for the differentiation of many tissues and organs. EMT can also be induced in advanced-stage cancers, leading to further malignant behavior and chemotherapy resistance, resulting in an unfavorable prognosis for patients. Although EMT was long considered and studied only in solid tumors, it has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies, including acute leukemias. Indeed, there is increasing evidence that EMT promotes the progression of acute leukemias, leading to the emergence of a more aggressive phenotype of the disease, and also causes chemotherapy resistance. The current literature suggests that the levels and activities of EMT inducers and markers can be used to predict prognosis, and that targeting EMT in addition to conventional therapies may increase treatment success in acute leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Varisli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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2
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Pendse S, Chavan S, Kale V, Vaidya A. A comprehensive analysis of cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous regulation of myeloid leukemic cells: The prospect of developing novel niche-targeting therapies. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:1667-1683. [PMID: 37554060 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Leukemic cells (LCs) arise from the hematopoietic stem/and progenitor cells (HSCs/HSPCs) and utilize cues from the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) for their regulation in the same way as their normal HSC counterparts. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), a vital component of the BMM promote leukemogenesis by creating a protective and immune-tolerant microenvironment that can support the survival of LCs, helping them escape chemotherapy, thereby resulting in the relapse of leukemia. Conversely, MSCs also induce apoptosis in the LCs and inhibit their proliferation by interfering with their self-renewal potential. This review discusses the work done so far on cell-autonomous (intrinsic) and MSCs-mediated non-cell-autonomous (extrinsic) regulation of myeloid leukemia with a special focus on the need to investigate the extrinsic regulation of myeloid leukemia to understand the contrasting role of MSCs in leukemogenesis. These mechanisms could be exploited to formulate novel therapeutic strategies that specifically target the leukemic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalmali Pendse
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sayali Chavan
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anuradha Vaidya
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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3
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Zhang Z, Li Y, Chen N, Li H, Chen S, Cui X, Shao H, Wei L, Ma J, Zhang S, Li X, Zhang X. Pertussis toxin-induced inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in dendritic cells promotes an autoimmune response in experimental autoimmune uveitis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:24. [PMID: 36739434 PMCID: PMC9898909 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reports have indicated that disrupting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in dendritic cells (DCs) may affect the progression of autoimmune inflammation; however, the factors and timing that regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling have not been clearly understood. METHODS Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) mice and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) patient samples were used to detect the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes. Western blot, real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and ELISA were performed to examine the expression of components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and inflammatory factors. DC-specific β-catenin knockout mice and 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) administered mice were used to observe the effect of disrupting the Wnt pathway on EAU pathogenesis. RESULTS Wnt/β-catenin signaling was inhibited in DCs during the induction phase of EAU. The inhibition was mediated by pertussis toxin (PTX), which promoted DC maturation, in turn promoting pathogenic T cell proliferation and differentiation. In vivo experiments confirmed that deleting β-catenin in DCs enhanced EAU severity, and pre-injection of PTX advanced EAU onset. Administration of a Wnt activator (BIO) limited the effects of PTX, in turn ameliorating EAU. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that PTX plays a key role as a virulence factor in initiating autoimmune inflammation via DCs by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in EAU, and highlight the potential mechanism by which infection can trigger apparent autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nu Chen
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Li
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuexue Cui
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Shao
- grid.266623.50000 0001 2113 1622Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Lai Wei
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing Ma
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Song Zhang
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Institute for Immunology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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4
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Fallati A, Di Marzo N, D’Amico G, Dander E. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs): An Ally of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) Cells in Disease Maintenance and Progression within the Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Niche. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143303. [PMID: 35884364 PMCID: PMC9323332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer. Even though the cure rate actually exceeds 85%, the prognosis of relapsed/refractory patients is dismal. Recent literature data indicate that the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment could play a crucial role in the onset, maintenance and progression of the disease. In particular, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are key components of the BM niche, actively crosstalk with leukemic cells providing crucial signals for their survival and resistance to therapy. We hereby review the main mechanisms exploited by MSCs to nurture and protect B-ALL cells that could become appealing targets for innovative microenvironment remodeling therapies to be coupled with classical leukemia-directed strategies. Abstract Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are structural components of the bone marrow (BM) niche, where they functionally interact with hematopoietic stem cells and more differentiated progenitors, contributing to hematopoiesis regulation. A growing body of evidence is nowadays pointing to a further crucial contribution of MSCs to malignant hematopoiesis. In the context of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), MSCs can play a pivotal role in the definition of a leukemia-supportive microenvironment, impacting on disease pathogenesis at different steps including onset, maintenance and progression. B-ALL cells hijack the BM microenvironment, including MSCs residing in the BM niche, which in turn shelter leukemic cells and protect them from chemotherapeutic agents through different mechanisms. Evidence is now arising that altered MSCs can become precious allies to leukemic cells by providing nutrients, cytokines, pro-survivals signals and exchanging organelles, as hereafter reviewed. The study of the mechanisms exploited by MSCs to nurture and protect B-ALL blasts can be instrumental in finding new druggable candidates to target the leukemic BM microenvironment. Some of these microenvironment-targeting strategies are already in preclinical or clinical experimentation, and if coupled with leukemia-directed therapies, could represent a valuable option to improve the prognosis of relapsed/refractory patients, whose management represents an unmet medical need.
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Faisal M, Hassan M, Kumar A, Zubair M, Jamal M, Menghwar H, Saad M, Kloczkowski A. Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) and Hematopoietic Microenvironment: Molecular and Bioinformatic Studies of the Zebrafish Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7285. [PMID: 35806290 PMCID: PMC9266955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in a specialized microenvironment in a peculiar anatomic location which regulates the maintenance of stem cells and controls its functions. Recent scientific progress in experimental technologies have enabled the specific detection of epigenetic factors responsible for the maintenance and quiescence of the hematopoietic niche, which has improved our knowledge of regulatory mechanisms. The aberrant role of RNA-binding proteins and their impact on the disruption of stem cell biology have been reported by a number of recent studies. Despite recent modernization in hematopoietic microenvironment research avenues, our comprehension of the signaling mechanisms and interactive pathways responsible for integration of the hematopoietic niche is still limited. In the past few decades, zebrafish usage with regards to exploratory studies of the hematopoietic niche has expanded our knowledge for deeper understanding of novel cellular interactions. This review provides an update on the functional roles of different genetic and epigenetic factors and molecular signaling events at different sections of the hematopoietic microenvironment. The explorations of different molecular approaches and interventions of latest web-based tools being used are also outlined. This will help us to get more mechanistic insights and develop therapeutic options for the malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Muhammad Jamal
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Harish Menghwar
- Axe Molecular Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Quebec-Research Center (CHUL), Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Muhammad Saad
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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6
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Targeting β-catenin in acute myeloid leukaemia: past, present, and future perspectives. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231097. [PMID: 35352805 PMCID: PMC9069440 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive disease of the bone marrow with a poor prognosis. Evidence suggests long established chemotherapeutic regimens used to treat AML are reaching the limits of their efficacy, necessitating the urgent development of novel targeted therapies. Canonical Wnt signalling is an evolutionary conserved cascade heavily implicated in normal developmental and disease processes in humans. For over 15 years its been known that the central mediator of this pathway, β-catenin, is dysregulated in AML promoting the emergence, maintenance, and drug resistance of leukaemia stem cells. Yet, despite this knowledge, and subsequent studies demonstrating the therapeutic potential of targeting Wnt activity in haematological cancers, β-catenin inhibitors have not yet reached the clinic. The aim of this review is to summarise the current understanding regarding the role and mechanistic dysregulation of β-catenin in AML, and assess the therapeutic merit of pharmacologically targeting this molecule, drawing on lessons from other disease contexts.
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7
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Takam Kamga P, Bazzoni R, Dal Collo G, Cassaro A, Tanasi I, Russignan A, Tecchio C, Krampera M. The Role of Notch and Wnt Signaling in MSC Communication in Normal and Leukemic Bone Marrow Niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:599276. [PMID: 33490067 PMCID: PMC7820188 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.599276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch and Wnt signaling are highly conserved intercellular communication pathways involved in developmental processes, such as hematopoiesis. Even though data from literature support a role for these two pathways in both physiological hematopoiesis and leukemia, there are still many controversies concerning the nature of their contribution. Early studies, strengthened by findings from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), have focused their investigation on the mutations in genes encoding for components of the pathways, with limited results except for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in because in other leukemia the two pathways could be hyper-expressed without genetic abnormalities. As normal and malignant hematopoiesis require close and complex interactions between hematopoietic cells and specialized bone marrow (BM) niche cells, recent studies have focused on the role of Notch and Wnt signaling in the context of normal crosstalk between hematopoietic/leukemia cells and stromal components. Amongst the latter, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) play a pivotal role as multipotent non-hematopoietic cells capable of giving rise to most of the BM niche stromal cells, including fibroblasts, adipocytes, and osteocytes. Indeed, MSCs express and secrete a broad pattern of bioactive molecules, including Notch and Wnt molecules, that support all the phases of the hematopoiesis, including self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. Herein, we provide an overview on recent advances on the contribution of MSC-derived Notch and Wnt signaling to hematopoiesis and leukemia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Takam Kamga
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- EA4340-BCOH, Biomarker in Cancerology and Onco-Haematology, UVSQ, Université Paris Saclay, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Riccardo Bazzoni
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giada Dal Collo
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adriana Cassaro
- Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tanasi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Russignan
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Tecchio
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemic stem cells (LSCs) interact with the stem cell niche bone marrow in different ways. Understanding the potentially unique microenvironmental regulation of LSCs is key to understanding in-vivo leukemogenic mechanisms and developing novel antileukemic therapies. RECENT FINDINGS When leukemic cells are engrafted in the stem cell niche, the cellular nature of the niche - including mesenchymal stromal cells - is reprogramed. Altered mesenchymal cells selectively support leukemic cells and reinforce the pro-leukemic environment. As the niche plays an active role in leukemogenesis, its remodeling may significantly influence the leukemogenic pattern, and cause differences in clinical prognosis. Notably, niche cells could be stimulated to revert to a pronormal/antileukemic state, creating potential for niche-based antileukemic therapy. SUMMARY Bone marrow microenvironments are under dynamic regulation for normal and leukemic cells, and there is bi-directional control of leukemic cells in the niche. Leukemic cells are both protected by stroma and able to reprogram stromal cells to transform the niche to a state, which reinforces leukemogenesis. Because of its dynamic nature, the niche could be converted to an environment with antileukemic properties, making it an attractive target for therapy.
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Ryk modulates the niche activity of mesenchymal stromal cells by fine-tuning canonical Wnt signaling. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1140-1151. [PMID: 32724069 PMCID: PMC8080773 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of modulating the intensity of Wnt signaling has been highlighted in various biological models, but their mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found that Ryk—an atypical Wnt receptor with a pseudokinase domain—has a Wnt-modulating effect in bone marrow stromal cells to control hematopoiesis-supporting activities. We first found that Ryk is predominantly expressed in the mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of the bone marrow (BM) compared with hematopoietic cells. Downregulation of Ryk in MSCs decreased their clonogenic activity and ability to support self-renewing expansion of primitive hematopoietic progenitors (HPCs) in response to canonical Wnt ligands. In contrast, under high concentrations of Wnt, Ryk exerted suppressive effects on the transactivation of target genes and HPC-supporting effects in MSCs, thus fine-tuning the signaling intensity of Wnt in BM stromal cells. This ability of Ryk to modulate the HPC-supporting niche activity of MSCs was abrogated by induction of deletion mutants of Ryk lacking the intracellular domain or extracellular domain, indicating that the pseudokinase-containing intracellular domain mediates the Wnt-modulating effects in response to extracellular Wnt ligands. These findings indicate that the ability of the BM microenvironment to respond to extracellular signals and support hematopoiesis may be fine-tuned by Ryk via modulation of Wnt signaling intensity to coordinate hematopoietic activity. Steady production of immune and blood cells depends on a signaling protein that helps maintain stable stem cell populations within the bone marrow. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which give rise to blood cells, reside within a supportive “niche” surrounded by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), with extensive communication between the two populations. Researchers led by Il-Hoan Oh at The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, have now identified a mechanism that MSCs employ to stabilize the niche environment through fine-tuning the signaling intensity of Wnt. Oh and colleagues focused on a signaling pathway that controls the undifferentiated state of HSCs, and showed that these signals are specifically modulated by an MSC protein known as Ryk. Without Ryk, MSCs can no longer promote HSC proliferation. However, when these signals are excessively strong, Ryk helps suppress proliferation to keep HSC numbers under control.
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Sharma M, Ross C, Srivastava S. Ally to adversary: mesenchymal stem cells and their transformation in leukaemia. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:139. [PMID: 31139016 PMCID: PMC6530176 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are the key regulators of hematopoiesis. Owing to their dynamic nature; MSC differentiate into various lineages that further constitute the niche which are required for maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). A plethora of growth factors and cytokines secreted by MSC are essential for regulating the homeostasis within the niche in terms of cycling and quiescence of HSC. Additionally, there is a strong evidence suggesting the role of MSC in transformation of the niche to favour survival of leukemic cells. Regulation of HSC by MSC via BMP, Wnt, Notch and Sonic Hedgehog signalling has been well elaborated, however the modulation of MSC by HSC/LSC is yet unresolved. The cross talk between the HSC and MSC via paracrine or autocrine mechanisms is essential for the transformation. There are some reports implicating cell adhesion molecules, growth factors and cytokines; in modulation of MSC function and differentiation. The role of exosome mediated modulation has also been reported in the context of MSC transformation however, much needs to be done to understand this phenomenon in the present context. Similarly, the role of circulating nucleic acids, a well-studied molecular phenomenon in other tumours, requires attention in their potential role in crosstalk between MSC and HSC. This review underlines the current understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of MSC and its transformation in diseased state, laying stress on developing further understanding of MSC regulation for development of the latter as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha Sharma
- 1Department of Medicine, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Cecil Ross
- 1Department of Medicine, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Sweta Srivastava
- 2Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
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11
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Lee GY, Jeong SY, Lee HR, Oh IH. Age-related differences in the bone marrow stem cell niche generate specialized microenvironments for the distinct regulation of normal hematopoietic and leukemia stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1007. [PMID: 30700727 PMCID: PMC6353913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment serves as a stem cell niche regulating the in vivo cell fate of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) as well as leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Accumulating studies have indicated that the regeneration of normal HSCs and the process of leukemogenesis change with advancing age. However, the role of microenvironmental factors in these age-related effects are unclear. Here, we compared the stem cell niche in neonatal and adult BM to investigate potential differences in their microenvironmental regulation of both normal and leukemic stem cells. We found that the mesenchymal niche in neonatal BM, compared to adult BM, was characterized by a higher frequency of primitive subsets of mesenchymal stroma expressing both platelet-derived growth factor receptor and Sca-1, and higher expression levels of the niche cross-talk molecules, Jagged-1 and CXCL-12. Accordingly, normal HSCs transplanted into neonatal mice exhibited higher levels of regeneration in BM, with no difference in homing efficiency or splenic engraftment compared to adult BM. In contrast, in vivo self-renewal of LSCs was higher in adult BM than in neonatal BM, with increased frequencies of leukemia-initiating cells as well as higher lympho-myeloid differentiation potential towards biphenotypic leukemic cells. These differences in LSC self-renewal capacity between neonates and adults was abrogated by switching of recipients, confirming their microenvironmental origin. Our study provides insight into the differences in leukemic diseases observed in childhood and adults, and is important for interpretation of many transplantation studies involving neonatal animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Young Lee
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center and Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Seon-Yeong Jeong
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center and Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Hae-Ri Lee
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center and Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Il-Hoan Oh
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center and Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Korea. .,Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Korea.
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12
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Rühle A, Huber PE, Saffrich R, Lopez Perez R, Nicolay NH. The current understanding of mesenchymal stem cells as potential attenuators of chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2628-2639. [PMID: 29931767 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents are part of the standard treatment algorithms for many malignancies; however, their application and dosage are limited by their toxic effects to normal tissues. Chemotherapy-induced toxicities can be long-lasting and may be incompletely reversible; therefore, causative therapies for chemotherapy-dependent side effects are needed, especially considering the increasing survival rates of treated cancer patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to exhibit regenerative abilities for various forms of tissue damage. Preclinical data suggest that MSCs may also help to alleviate tissue lesions caused by chemotherapeutic agents, mainly by establishing a protective microenvironment for functional cells. Due to the systemic administration of most anticancer agents, the effects of these drugs on the MSCs themselves are of crucial importance to use stem cell-based approaches for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced tissue toxicities. Here, we present a concise review of the published data regarding the influence of various classes of chemotherapeutic agents on the survival, stem cell characteristics and physiological functions of MSCs. Molecular mechanisms underlying the effects are outlined, and resulting challenges of MSC-based treatments for chemotherapy-induced tissue injuries are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rühle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter E Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Saffrich
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ramon Lopez Perez
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils H Nicolay
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Jeong SY, Kim JA, Oh IH. The Adaptive Remodeling of Stem Cell Niche in Stimulated Bone Marrow Counteracts the Leukemic Niche. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1617-1629. [PMID: 30004606 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating studies have shown the cellular nature of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche in bone marrow (BM) and their degenerative changes under leukemic conditions. However, the dynamic adaptation of niche cells to changes in physiological stimulatory signals remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we have established a niche stimulation model induced by 5-fluorouracil. This model reveals a rapid and reversible conversion of mesenchymal cells into niche-like stromal cells, which exhibit a platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha+ /leptin receptor+ (PL) phenotype. These cells selectively induce the niche signaling molecule, Jagged-1, but not CXCL12, to initiate a stimulation-induced regeneration of HSCs in a Jagged-1 dependent manner. Conversion of mesenchymal cells into niche-like cells occurred independently of mitotic activation. The conversion was accompanied by the acquisition of primitive mesenchymal cell characteristics, including the rapid induction of stage specific embryonic antigen-3 and the acquisition of clonogenic potential. The stimulation-induced remodeling of the BM niche resulted in a positive stimulatory effect on the regeneration of normal HSC, but exerted inhibitory effects on leukemic cells, leading to a competitive advantage for normal HSCs in the BM niche and prolonged survival of mice engrafted with leukemic cells. Thus, the reactive conversion of mesenchymal stroma into niche-like cells reveals the adaptive changes of the BM microenvironment to stimuli, and provides insight on the remodeling of niche toward pronormal/antileukemic microenvironment, which can counteract the progressive proleukemic changes driven by the leukemic niche. Our study raises the potential for antileukemic niche targeting therapy. Stem Cells 2018;36:1617-1629.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Yeong Jeong
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center and Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-A Kim
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center and Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Il-Hoan Oh
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center and Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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14
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Chakrabarti R, Celià-Terrassa T, Kumar S, Hang X, Wei Y, Choudhury A, Hwang J, Peng J, Nixon B, Grady JJ, DeCoste C, Gao J, van Es JH, Li MO, Aifantis I, Clevers H, Kang Y. Notch ligand Dll1 mediates cross-talk between mammary stem cells and the macrophageal niche. Science 2018; 360:science.aan4153. [PMID: 29773667 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan4153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The stem cell niche is a specialized environment that dictates stem cell function during development and homeostasis. We show that Dll1, a Notch pathway ligand, is enriched in mammary gland stem cells (MaSCs) and mediates critical interactions with stromal macrophages in the surrounding niche in mouse models. Conditional deletion of Dll1 reduced the number of MaSCs and impaired ductal morphogenesis in the mammary gland. Moreover, MaSC-expressed Dll1 activates Notch signaling in stromal macrophages, increasing their expression of Wnt family ligands such as Wnt3, Wnt10A, and Wnt16, thereby initiating a feedback loop that promotes the function of Dll1-expressing MaSCs. Together, these findings reveal functionally important cross-talk between MaSCs and their macrophageal niche through Dll1-mediated Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumela Chakrabarti
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Toni Celià-Terrassa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiang Hang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Abrar Choudhury
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Julie Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jia Peng
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Briana Nixon
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John J Grady
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Christina DeCoste
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Johan H van Es
- Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hans Clevers
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. .,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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15
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Kahn M. Wnt Signaling in Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: A Tale of Two Coactivators. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:209-244. [PMID: 29389517 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling in stem cells plays critical roles in development, normal adult physiology, and disease. In this chapter, we focus on the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in somatic stem cell biology and its critical role in normal tissue homeostasis and cancer. Wnt signaling can both maintain potency and initiate differentiation in somatic stem cells, depending on the cellular and environmental context. Based principally on studies from our lab, we will explain the dichotomous behavior of this signaling pathway in determining stem cell fate decisions, placing special emphasis on the interaction of β-catenin with either of the two highly homologous Kat3 coactivator proteins, CBP and p300. We will also discuss our results, both preclinical and clinical, demonstrating that small molecule modulators of the β-catenin/Kat3 coactivator interaction can be safely utilized to shift the balance between maintenance of potency and initiation of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kahn
- Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.
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16
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Kurre P. Hematopoietic development: a gap in our understanding of inherited bone marrow failure. Exp Hematol 2017; 59:1-8. [PMID: 29248612 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) represent a heterogeneous group of multisystem disorders that typically present with cytopenia in early childhood. Efforts to understand the underlying hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) losses have generally focused on postnatal hematopoiesis. However, reflecting the role of many of the involved genes in core cellular functions and the diverse nonhematologic abnormalities seen in patients at birth, studies have begun to explore IBMFS manifestations during fetal development. Here, I consider the current evidence for fetal deficits in the HSC pool and highlight emerging concepts regarding the origins and unique pathophysiology of hematopoietic failure in IBMFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kurre
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Pediatric Blood & Cancer Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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17
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Paciejewska MM, Maijenburg MW, Gilissen C, Kleijer M, Vermeul K, Weijer K, Veltman JA, von Lindern M, van der Schoot CE, Voermans C. Different Balance of Wnt Signaling in Adult and Fetal Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 25:934-47. [PMID: 27154244 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are applied as novel therapeutics for their regenerative and immune-suppressive capacities. Clinical applications, however, require extensive expansion of MSCs. Fetal bone marrow-derived MSCs (FBMSCs) proliferate faster than adult bone marrow-derived MSC (ABMSCs). To optimize expansion and function of MSC in general, we explored the differences between ABMSC and FBMSC. Gene expression profiling implicated differential expression of genes encoding proteins in the Wnt signaling pathway, including excreted inhibitors of Wnt signaling, particularly by ABMSC. Both MSC types had a similar basal level of canonical Wnt signaling. Abrogation of autocrine Wnt production by inhibitor of Wnt production-2 (IWP2) reduced canonical Wnt signaling and cell proliferation of FBMSCs, but hardly affected ABMSC. Addition of exogenous Wnt3a, however, induced expression of the target genes lymphocyte enhancer-binding factor (LEF) and T-cell factor (TCF) faster and at lower Wnt3a levels in ABMSC compared to FBMSC. Medium replacement experiments indicated that ABMSC produce an inhibitor of Wnt signaling that is effective on ABMSC itself but not on FBMSC, whereas FBMSC excrete (Wnt) factors that stimulate proliferation of ABMSC. In contrast, FBMSC were not able to support hematopoiesis, whereas ABMSC displayed hematopoietic support sensitive to IWP2, the inhibitor of Wnt factor excretion. In conclusion, ABMSC and FBMSC differ in their Wnt signature. While FBMSC produced factors, including Wnt signals, that enhanced MSC proliferation, ABMSC produced Wnt factors in a setting that enhanced hematopoietic support. Thus, further unraveling the molecular basis of this phenomenon may lead to improvement of clinical expansion protocols of ABMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja M Paciejewska
- 1 Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke W Maijenburg
- 1 Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands .,2 Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Gilissen
- 3 Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Kleijer
- 1 Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kim Vermeul
- 1 Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kees Weijer
- 4 Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joris A Veltman
- 3 Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke von Lindern
- 1 Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands .,5 Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- 2 Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands .,5 Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carlijn Voermans
- 1 Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands .,2 Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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18
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Kumar S, Geiger H. HSC Niche Biology and HSC Expansion Ex Vivo. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:799-819. [PMID: 28801069 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation can restore a new functional hematopoietic system in recipients in cases where the system of the recipient is not functional or for example is leukemic. However, the number of available donor HSCs is often too low for successful transplantation. Expansion of HSCs and thus HSC self-renewal ex vivo would greatly improve transplantation therapy in the clinic. In vivo, HSCs expand significantly in the niche, but establishing protocols that result in HSC expansion ex vivo remains challenging. In this review we discuss current knowledge of niche biology, the intrinsic regulators of HSC self-renewal in vivo, and introduce novel niche-informed strategies of HSC expansion ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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19
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Shift of EMT gradient in 3D spheroid MSCs for activation of mesenchymal niche function. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6859. [PMID: 28761088 PMCID: PMC5537359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for paracrine support in clinical trials, their variable and heterogeneous supporting activity pose major challenges. While three-dimensional (3D) MSC cultures are emerging as alternative approaches, key changes in cellular characteristics during 3D-spheroid formation remain unclear. Here, we show that MSCs in 3D spheroids undergo further progression towards the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), driven by upregulation of EMT-promoting microRNAs and suppression of EMT-inhibitory miRNAs. The shift of EMT in MSCs is associated with widespread histone modifications mimicking the epigenetic reprogramming towards enhanced chromatin dynamics and stem cell-like properties, but without changes in their surface phenotype. Notably, these molecular shifts towards EMT in 3D MSCs caused enhanced stem cell niche activity, resulting in higher stimulation of hematopoietic progenitor self-renewal and cancer stem cell metastasis. Moreover, miRNA-mediated induction of EMT in 2D MSCs were sufficient to mimic the enhanced niche activity of 3D spheroid MSCs. Thus, the molecular hierarchy in the EMT gradient among phenotypically indistinguishable MSCs revealed the previously unrecognized functional parameters in MSCs, and the EMT-enhanced “naïve” mesenchymal state represents an ‘activated mesenchymal niche’ in 3D spheroid MSCs.
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20
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Kim JH, Lee HS, Choi HK, Kim JA, Chu IS, Leem SH, Oh IH. Heterogeneous Niche Activity of Ex-Vivo Expanded MSCs as Factor for Variable Outcomes in Hematopoietic Recovery. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168036. [PMID: 28030562 PMCID: PMC5193420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex-vivo expanded mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly used for paracrine support of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regeneration, but inconsistent outcomes have hindered ongoing clinical trials. Here, we show that significant heterogeneity in the niche activity of MSCs is created during their culture in various serum-supplemented media. The MSCs cultured under stimulatory or non-stimulatory culture conditions exhibited differences in colony forming unit-fibroblast contents, expression levels of cross-talk molecules (Jagged-1 and CXCL-12) and their support for HSC self-renewal. Accordingly, the enhancing effects of MSCs on hematopoietic engraftment were only visible when HSCs were co-transplanted with MSCs under stimulatory conditions. Of note, these differences in MSCs and their effects on HSCs were readily reversed by switching the cultures, indicating that the difference in niche activity can be caused by distinct functional state, rather than by clonal heterogeneity. Supporting the findings, transcriptomic analysis showed distinct upstream signaling pathways such as inhibition of P53 and activation of ER-stress response gene ATF4 for MSCs under stimulatory conditions. Taken together, our study shows that the niche activity of MSCs can vary rapidly by the extrinsic cues during culture causing variable outcomes in hematopoietic recoveries, and point to the possibility that MSCs can be pre-screened for more predictable efficacy in various cell therapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ho Kim
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center & Department of Medical Life Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sun Lee
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center & Department of Medical Life Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Choi
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center & Department of Medical Life Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-A Kim
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center & Department of Medical Life Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sun Chu
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biological Science, Dong-A university, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hoan Oh
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center & Department of Medical Life Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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21
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Enhanced targeting of CML stem and progenitor cells by inhibition of porcupine acyltransferase in combination with TKI. Blood 2016; 129:1008-1020. [PMID: 28011678 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-05-714089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has limited efficacy against leukemia stem cells (LSC) responsible for disease propagation, and most CML patients require continued TKI treatment to maintain remission. LSC maintenance is related, at least in part, to signals from the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). Our previous studies have shown that Wnt signaling from the BMM contributes to preservation of CML LSC following TKI treatment. Secretion of Wnt ligands requires their modification by the O-acyl transferase Porcupine (PORCN). Here we investigated the activity of a potent and selective PORCN inhibitor, WNT974, against CML stem and progenitor cells. WNT974 efficiently antagonized Wnt signaling in human CML CD34+ cells, and in combination with the TKI nilotinib (NIL) significantly enhanced inhibition of proliferation and colony-forming potential of CML stem and progenitor cells and reduced their growth in immunodeficient mice in vivo, in comparison with NIL alone. Treatment of transgenic CML mice in vivo with NIL in combination with WNT974 significantly reduced leukemic stem and progenitor cell numbers, reduced regeneration of leukemic long-term hematopoietic stem cells in secondary transplant recipients, and enhanced survival of mice after discontinuation of treatment, in comparison with NIL alone. CML progenitors demonstrated enhanced sensitivity to Wnt stimulation, associated with increased expression of the FZD4 receptor. FZD4 knockdown inhibited CML progenitor growth. These results support further investigation of PORCN targeting to inhibit Wnt secretion and signaling and enhance targeting of CML stem cells while sparing their normal counterparts.
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22
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Ruf F, Schreck C, Wagner A, Grziwok S, Pagel C, Romero S, Kieslinger M, Shimono A, Peschel C, Götze KS, Istvanffy R, Oostendorp RAJ. Loss of Sfrp2 in the Niche Amplifies Stress-Induced Cellular Responses, and Impairs the In Vivo Regeneration of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Pool. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2381-92. [PMID: 27299503 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sfrp2 is overexpressed in stromal cells which maintain hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during in vitro culture. We here showed, that coculture of hematopoetic cells with stromal cells with reduced expression of Sfrp2 increases the number lineage-negative Kit(+) Sca-1(+) (LSK) and progenitor cells in vitro. The LSK cells from these cocultures showed activation of canonical Wnt signaling, higher levels of Ki-67, BrdU incorporation, and the number of γH2A.X positive foci. Total repopulating activity of these cultures was, however, diminished, indicating loss of HSC. To extend these in vitro data, we modelled stress in vivo, i.e., by aging, or 5-FU treatment in Sfrp2(-) (/) (-) mice, or replicative stress in regeneration of HSCs in Sfrp2(-) (/) (-) recipients. In all three in vivo stress situations, we noted an increase of LSK cells, characterized by increased levels of β-catenin and cyclin D1. In the transplantation experiments, the increase in LSK cells in primary recipients was subsequently associated with a progressive loss of HSCs in serial transplantations. Similar to the in vitro coculture stress, in vivo genotoxic stress in 5-FU-treated Sfrp2(-) (/) (-) mice increased cell cycle activity of LSK cells with higher levels of BrdU incorporation, increased expression of Ki-67, and canonical Wnt signaling. Importantly, as noted in vitro, increased cycling of LSKs in vivo was accompanied by a defective γH2A.X-dependent DNA damage response and depolarized localization of acetylated H4K16. Our experiments support the view that Sfrp2 expression in the niche is required to maintain the HSC pool by limiting stress-induced DNA damage and attenuating canonical Wnt-mediated HSC activation. Stem Cells 2016;34:2381-2392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Ruf
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Schreck
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alina Wagner
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Grziwok
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotta Pagel
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Romero
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Kieslinger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Akihiko Shimono
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Christian Peschel
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina S Götze
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rouzanna Istvanffy
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert A J Oostendorp
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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23
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Chen C, Su Y, Chen J, Song Y, Zhuang R, Xiao B, Guo S. Specially modified stromal and immune microenvironment in injected bone marrow following intrabone transplantation facilitates allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell engraftment. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:614-623.e3. [PMID: 27090963 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
For allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the first key step is the engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) across the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) barrier. Intrabone bone marrow transplantation (IBBMT) could replace more recipient stromal cells with donor cells and facilitate allogeneic organ transplantation compared with the conventional intravenous approach. However, it remains unknown whether and how IBBMT reconstructs the immune microenvironment for allogeneic HSCs. We explored where the BM microenvironment changes by determining BM stromal cell chimerism and measuring the change in CXCL-12 expression and regulatory T cells in recipient BM. We found that most stromal cells were replaced by allogeneic cells in the injected BM, with higher expression of immune regulatory cytokines (interleukin-10) compared with the contralateral BM and the intravenous group BM. This difference was independent of injury caused by intrabone injection. Consistent with the microenvironment modification, the allogeneic the engraftment rate and reconstitution capacity of HSCs were enhanced in the injected BM compared with the contralateral BM and intravenous group BM. Surgical removal of the injected bone at 7 days rather than 21 days reduced the levels of allogeneic granulocytes and HSCs in the peripheral blood. In conclusion, IBBMT specially modifies stromal cells in the injected BM which provide immune protective cues that improve the engraftment of allogeneic HSCs in an early period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yingjun Su
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jianwu Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yajuan Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuzhong Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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24
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Barriers to Effective Genome Editing of Haematopoietic Stem Cells. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-016-0032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Huang X, Li C, Zhu B, Wang H, Luo X, Wei L. Co-cultured hBMSCs and HUVECs on human bio-derived bone scaffolds provide support for the long-termex vivoculture of HSC/HPCs. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1221-30. [PMID: 26779960 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Huang
- Haematology Department, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Haematology Department, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Haematology Department, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailian Wang
- Center for Cell Transplantation (Seventh Unit of General Surgery Department), Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Luo
- Center for Cell Transplantation (Seventh Unit of General Surgery Department), Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Wei
- Center for Cell Transplantation (Seventh Unit of General Surgery Department), Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610072, People's Republic of China
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Duchartre Y, Kim YM, Kahn M. The Wnt signaling pathway in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 99:141-9. [PMID: 26775730 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is critically involved in both the development and homeostasis of tissues via regulation of their endogenous stem cells. Aberrant Wnt signaling has been described as a key player in the initiation of and/or maintenance and development of many cancers, via affecting the behavior of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). CSCs are considered by most to be responsible for establishment of the tumor and also for disease relapse, as they possess inherent drug-resistance properties. The development of new therapeutic compounds targeting the Wnt signaling pathway promises new hope to eliminate CSCs and achieve cancer eradication. However, a major challenge resides in developing a strategy efficient enough to target the dysregulated Wnt pathway in CSCs, while being safe enough to not damage the normal somatic stem cell population required for tissue homeostasis and repair. Here we review recent therapeutic approaches to target the Wnt pathway and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Duchartre
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yong-Mi Kim
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
| | - Michael Kahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Li G, Liu X, Du Q, Gao M, An J. Three dimensional de novo micro bone marrow and its versatile application in drug screening and regenerative medicine. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1029-38. [PMID: 26283705 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215594583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The finding that bone marrow hosts several types of multipotent stem cell has prompted extensive research aimed at regenerating organs and building models to elucidate the mechanisms of diseases. Conventional research depends on the use of two-dimensional (2D) bone marrow systems, which imposes several obstacles. The development of 3D bone marrow systems with appropriate molecules and materials however, is now showing promising results. In this review, we discuss the advantages of 3D bone marrow systems over 2D systems and then point out various factors that can enhance the 3D systems. The intensive research on 3D bone marrow systems has revealed multiple important clinical applications including disease modeling, drug screening, regenerative medicine, etc. We also discuss some possible future directions in the 3D bone marrow research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA
| | - Xujun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA
| | - Mei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA SUNY Upstate Cancer Research Institute, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA
| | - Jing An
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA SUNY Upstate Cancer Research Institute, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA
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Kadekar D, Kale V, Limaye L. Differential ability of MSCs isolated from placenta and cord as feeders for supporting ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood derived CD34(+) cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:201. [PMID: 26481144 PMCID: PMC4617445 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood (UCB) is attempted to increase cell numbers to overcome the limitation of cell dose. Presently, suspension cultures or feeder mediated co-cultures are performed for expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have proved to be efficient feeders for the maintenance of HSCs. Here, we have established MSCs-HSCs co-culture system with MSCs isolated from less invasive and ethically acceptable sources like umbilical cord tissue (C-MSCs) and placenta (P-MSCs). MSCs derived from these tissues are often compared with bone marrow derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) which are considered as a gold standard. However, so far none of the studies have directly compared C-MSCs with P-MSCs as feeders for ex vivo expansion of HSCs. Thus, we for the first time performed a systematic comparison of hematopoietic supportive capability of C and P-MSCs using paired samples. METHODS UCB-derived CD34(+) cells were isolated and co-cultured on irradiated C and P-MSCs for 10 days. C-MSCs and P-MSCs were isolated from the same donor. The cultures comprised of serum-free medium supplemented with 25 ng/ml each of SCF, TPO, Flt-3 L and IL-6. After 10 days cells were collected and analyzed for phenotype and functionality. RESULTS C-MSCs and P-MSCs were found to be morphologically and phenotypically similar but exhibited differential ability to support ex vivo hematopoiesis. Cells expanded on P-MSCs showed higher percentage of primitive cells (CD34(+)CD38(-)), CFU (Colony forming unit) content and LTC-IC (Long term culture initiating cells) ability. CD34(+) cells expanded on P-MSCs also exhibited better in vitro adhesion to fibronectin and migration towards SDF-1α and enhanced NOD/SCID repopulation ability, as compared to those grown on C-MSCs. P-MSCs were found to be closer to BM-MSCs in their ability to expand HSCs. P-MSCs supported expansion of functionally superior HSCs by virtue of reduction in apoptosis of primitive HSCs, higher Wnt and Notch activity, HGF secretion and cell-cell contact. On the other hand, C-MSCs facilitated expansion of progenitors (CD34(+)CD38(+)) and differentiated (CD34(-)CD38(+)) cells by secretion of IL1-α, β, MCP-2, 3 and MIP-3α. CONCLUSIONS P-MSCs were found to be better feeders for ex vivo maintenance of primitive HSCs with higher engraftment potential than the cells expanded with C-MSCs as feeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Kadekar
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Lalita Limaye
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India.
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Ahmadzadeh A, Norozi F, Shahrabi S, Shahjahani M, Saki N. Wnt/β-catenin signaling in bone marrow niche. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 363:321-35. [PMID: 26475718 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) niche is a specific physiological environment for hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Several signaling pathways (including Wnt/β-catenin) regulate various aspects of stem cell growth, function and death in the BM niche. In addition, the canonical Wnt pathway is crucial for directing self-renewal and differentiation as important mechanisms in many types of stem cells. We review the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the BM niche and its importance in stem cells. Relevant literature was identified by a PubMed search (1997-2014) of English-language literature by using the following keywords: BM niche, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, osteoblast, osteoclast and bone disease. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates the stability of the β-catenin proto-oncogene. The stabilized β-catenin then translocates to the nucleus, forming a β-catenin-TCF/LEF complex regulating the transcription of specific target genes. Stem cells require β-catenin to mediate their response to Wnt signaling for maintenance and transition from the pluripotent state during embryogenesis. In adult stem cells, Wnt signaling functions at various hierarchical levels to contribute to the specification of the diverse tissues. Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its downstream transcriptional regulators are observed in several malignant stem cells and human cancers. Because Wnt signaling can maintain stem cells and cancer cells, the ability to modulate the Wnt pathway either positively or negatively may be of therapeutic relevance. The controlled activation of Wnt signaling might allow us to enhance stem and progenitor cell activity when regeneration is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ahmadzadeh
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Norozi
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeid Shahrabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahjahani
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Altered Expression of Wnt Signaling Pathway Components in Osteogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoarthritis Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137170. [PMID: 26352263 PMCID: PMC4564164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by altered homeostasis of joint cartilage and bone, whose functional properties rely on chondrocytes and osteoblasts, belonging to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). WNT signaling acts as a hub integrating and crosstalking with other signaling pathways leading to the regulation of MSC functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of a differential signaling between Healthy and OA-MSCs during osteogenesis. Methods MSCs of seven OA patients and six healthy controls were isolated, characterised and expanded. During in vitro osteogenesis, cells were recovered at days 1, 10 and 21. RNA and protein content was obtained. Expression of WNT pathway genes was evaluated using RT-qPCR. Functional studies were also performed to study the MSC osteogenic commitment and functional and post-traslational status of β-catenin and several receptor tyrosine kinases. Results Several genes were downregulated in OA-MSCs during osteogenesis in vitro. These included soluble Wnts, inhibitors, receptors, co-receptors, several kinases and transcription factors. Basal levels of β-catenin were higher in OA-MSCs, but calcium deposition and expression of osteogenic genes was similar between Healthy and OA-MSCs. Interestingly an increased phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) signaling node was present in OA-MSCs. Conclusion Our results point to the existence in OA-MSCs of alterations in expression of Wnt pathway components during in vitro osteogenesis that are partially compensated by post-translational mechanisms modulating the function of other pathways. We also point the relevance of other signaling pathways in OA pathophysiology suggesting their role in the maintenance of joint homeostasis through modulation of MSC osteogenic potential.
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Kim JA, Shim JS, Lee GY, Yim HW, Kim TM, Kim M, Leem SH, Lee JW, Min CK, Oh IH. Microenvironmental remodeling as a parameter and prognostic factor of heterogeneous leukemogenesis in acute myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2222-31. [PMID: 25791383 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by clonal proliferation of stem cell-like blasts in bone marrow (BM); however, their unique cellular interaction within the BM microenvironment and its functional significance remain unclear. Here, we assessed the BM microenvironment of AML patients and demonstrate that the leukemia stem cells induce a change in the transcriptional programming of the normal mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). The modified leukemic niche alters the expressions of cross-talk molecules (i.e., CXCL12 and JAG1) in MSCs to provide a distinct cross-talk between normal and leukemia cells, selectively suppressing normal primitive hematopoietic cells while supporting leukemogenesis and chemoresistance. Of note, AML patients exhibited distinct heterogeneity in the alteration of mesenchymal stroma in BM. The distinct pattern of stromal changes in leukemic BM at initial diagnosis was associated with a heterogeneous posttreatment clinical course with respect to the maintenance of complete remission for 5 to 8 years and early or late relapse. Thus, remodeling of mesenchymal niche by leukemia cells is an intrinsic self-reinforcing process of leukemogenesis that can be a parameter for the heterogeneity in the clinical course of leukemia and hence serve as a potential prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-A Kim
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Shim
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Young Lee
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Yim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Min Kim
- Center for Cancer Evolution, Medical Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungshin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biological Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of KoreaSouth Korea
| | - Jong-Wook Lee
- Catholic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Min
- Catholic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hoan Oh
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim JA, Choi HK, Kim TM, Leem SH, Oh IH. Regulation of mesenchymal stromal cells through fine tuning of canonical Wnt signaling. Stem Cell Res 2015; 14:356-68. [PMID: 25863444 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively utilized for various cell therapeutic trials, but the signals regulating their stromal function remain largely unclear. Here, we show that canonical Wnt signals distinctively regulate MSCs in a biphasic manner depending on signal intensity, i.e., MSCs exhibit proliferation and progenitor self-renewal under low Wnt/β-catenin signaling, whereas they exhibit enhanced osteogenic differentiation with priming to osteoblast-like lineages under high Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Moreover, low or high levels of β-catenin in MSCs distinctly regulated the hematopoietic support of MSCs to promote proliferation or the undifferentiated state of hematopoietic progenitors, respectively. A gene expression study demonstrated that different intracellular levels of β-catenin in MSCs induce distinct transcriptomic changes in subsets of genes belonging to different gene function categories. Different β-catenin levels also induced differences in intracellular levels of the β-catenin co-factors, Tcf-1 and Lef-1. Moreover, nano-scale mass spectrometry of proteins that co-precipitated with β-catenin revealed distinctive spectra of proteins selectively interacting with β-catenin at specific expression levels. Together, these results show that Wnt/β-catenin signals can coax distinct transcription milieu to induce different transcription profiles in MSCs depending on the signal intensity and that fine-tuning of the canonical Wnt signaling intensity can regulate the phase-specific functionality of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-A Kim
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center & Department of Medical Life Science, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Choi
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center & Department of Medical Life Science, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Min Kim
- Center for Cancer Evolution, Medical Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Dept. of Biological Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hoan Oh
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center & Department of Medical Life Science, Republic of Korea.
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Huber BC, Grabmaier U, Brunner S. Impact of parathyroid hormone on bone marrow-derived stem cell mobilization and migration. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:637-643. [PMID: 25426261 PMCID: PMC4178264 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i5.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is well-known as the principal regulator of calcium homeostasis in the human body and controls bone metabolism via actions on the survival and activation of osteoblasts. The intermittent administration of PTH has been shown to stimulate bone production in mice and men and therefore PTH administration has been recently approved for the treatment of osteoporosis. Besides to its physiological role in bone remodelling PTH has been demonstrated to influence and expand the bone marrow stem cell niche where hematopoietic stem cells, capable of both self-renewal and differentiation, reside. Moreover, intermittent PTH treatment is capable to induce mobilization of progenitor cells from the bone marrow into the bloodstream. This novel function of PTH on modulating the activity of the stem cell niche in the bone marrow as well as on mobilization and regeneration of bone marrow-derived stem cells offers new therapeutic options in bone marrow and stem cell transplantation as well as in the field of ischemic disorders.
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Ho YH, Yao CL, Lin KH, Hou FH, Chen WM, Chiang CL, Lin YN, Li MW, Lin SH, Yang YJ, Lin CC, Lu J, Tigyi G, Lee H. Opposing regulation of megakaryopoiesis by LPA receptors 2 and 3 in K562 human erythroleukemia cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:172-83. [PMID: 25463482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocytes and megakaryocytes (MK) are derived from a common progenitor that undergoes lineage specification. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a lipid growth factor was previously shown to be a regulator for erythropoietic process through activating LPA receptor 3 (LPA3). However, whether LPA affects megakaryopoiesis remains unclear. In this study, we used K562 leukemia cell line as a model to investigate the roles of LPA in MK differentiation. We demonstrated that K562 cells express both LPA2 and LPA3, and the expression levels of LPA2 are higher than LPA3. Treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a commonly used inducer of megakaryopoiesis, reciprocally regulates the expressions of LPA2 and LPA3. By pharmacological blockers and knockdown experiments, we showed that activation of LPA2 suppresses whereas, LPA3 promotes megakaryocytic differentiation in K562. The LPA2-mediated inhibition is dependent on β-catenin translocation, whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is a downstream signal for activation of LPA3. Furthermore, the hematopoietic transcriptional factors GATA-1 and FLI-1, appear to be involved in these regulatory mechanisms. Taken together, our results suggested that LPA2 and LPA3 may function as a molecular switch and play opposing roles during megakaryopoiesis of K562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Ling Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan-Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fen-Han Hou
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Ling Chiang
- School of Biomedical Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Yu-Nung Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Wei Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shi-Hung Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Jan Yang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chu-Cheng Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jenher Lu
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, USA.
| | - Hsinyu Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Angiogenesis Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Evans AG, Calvi LM. Notch signaling in the malignant bone marrow microenvironment: implications for a niche-based model of oncogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1335:63-77. [PMID: 25351294 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fueled by the growing interest in stem cell biology and the promise of regenerative medicine, study of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) microenvironment has provided critical insights into normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Notch receptor signaling in this microenvironment is a critical regulator of HSC fate and differentiation. Notch signaling also has the potential to modulate the growth of various malignant cell types, as evidenced by the growing list of hematologic cancers and other malignancies associated with either mutations in Notch genes or alterations in Notch signaling. In both health and disease, activation of Notch signaling predominantly exerts influence through stromal cell interactions with the tumor or stem cell microenvironments. Definitive evidence from transgenic mouse models has shown that alterations in stromal cell signaling from the bone marrow niche can induce malignant outgrowth of preleukemic clones and leukemia. Understanding how Notch receptor signals in the bone marrow microenvironment govern stem cell behavior will advance our understanding of cancer pathogenesis in hematologic malignancies and may have implications for treating metastatic solid tumors involving bone. These microenvironmental interactions are potential therapeutic targets for treating and preventing a variety of diseases, including bone marrow failure disorders, myelodysplastic syndromes, leukemia, and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Evans
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
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Lee H, Park HS, Choi OK, Oh JE, Chung SS, Jung HS, Park KS. Novel Strategy for Successful Long-Term Hematopoietic Recovery after Transplanting a Limited Number of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2014; 20:1282-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pavlaki K, Pontikoglou CG, Demetriadou A, Batsali AK, Damianaki A, Simantirakis E, Kontakis M, Galanopoulos A, Kotsianidis I, Kastrinaki MC, Papadaki HA. Impaired proliferative potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes is associated with abnormal WNT signaling pathway. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1568-81. [PMID: 24617415 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) display defective proliferative potential. We have probed the impaired replicative capacity of culture-expanded MSCs in MDS patients (n=30) compared with healthy subjects (n=32) by studying senescence characteristics and gene expression associated with WNT/transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1) signaling pathways. We have also explored the consequences of the impaired patient MSC proliferative potential by investigating their differentiation potential and the capacity to support normal CD34(+) cell growth under coculture conditions. Patient MSCs displayed decreased gene expression of the senescence-associated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors CDKN1A, CDKN2A, and CDKN2B, along with PARG1, whereas the mean telomere length was upregulated in patient MSCs. MDS-derived MSCs exhibited impaired capacity to support normal CD34(+) myeloid and erythroid colony formation. No significant changes were observed between patients and controls in gene expression related to TGFB1 pathway. Patient MSCs displayed upregulated non-canonical WNT expression, combined with downregulated canonical WNT expression and upregulated canonical WNT inhibitors. MDS-derived MSCs displayed defective osteogenic and adipogenic lineage priming under non-differentiating culture conditions. Pharmacological activation of canonical WNT signaling in patient MDSs led to an increase in cell proliferation and upregulation in the expression of early osteogenesis-related genes. This study indicates abnormal WNT signaling in MSCs of MDS patients and supports the concept of a primary MSC defect that might have a contributory effect in MDS natural history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantia Pavlaki
- 1 Department of Haematology, University of Crete School of Medicine , Heraklion, Greece
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Rapamycin enhances long-term hematopoietic reconstitution of ex vivo expanded mouse hematopoietic stem cells by inhibiting senescence. Transplantation 2014; 97:20-9. [PMID: 24092377 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3182a7fcf8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an important regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and its overactivation contributes to HSC premature exhaustion in part via induction of HSC senescence. Inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin has the potential to promote long-term hematopoiesis of ex vivo expanded HSCs to facilitate the clinical application of HSC transplantation for various hematologic diseases. METHODS A well-established ex vivo expansion system for mouse bone marrow HSCs was used to investigate whether inhibition of overactivated mTOR with rapamycin can promote long-term hematopoiesis of ex vivo expanded HSCs and to elucidate the mechanisms of action of rapamycin. RESULTS HSC-enriched mouse bone marrow LSK cells exhibited a time-dependent activation of mTOR after ex vivo expansion in a serum-free medium supplemented with stem cell factor, thrombopoietin, and Flt3 ligand. The overactivation of mTOR was associated with induction of senescence but not apoptosis in LSK cells and a significant reduction in the ability of HSCs to produce long-term hematopoietic reconstitution. Inhibition of overactivated mTOR with rapamycin promoted ex vivo expansion and long-term hematopoietic reconstitution of HSCs. The increase in long-term hematopoiesis of expanded HSCs is likely attributable in part to rapamycin-mediated up-regulation of Bmi1 and down-regulation of p16, which prevent HSCs from undergoing senescence during ex vivo expansion. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that mTOR plays an important role in the regulation of HSC self-renewal in vitro and inhibition of mTOR hyperactivation with rapamycin may represent a novel approach to promote ex vivo expansion and their long-term hematopoietic reconstitution of HSCs.
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Dolnikov A, Xu N, Shen S, Song E, Holmes T, Klamer G, O'Brien TA. GSK-3β inhibition promotes early engraftment of ex vivo-expanded haematopoietic stem cells. Cell Prolif 2014; 47:113-23. [PMID: 24517125 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a source of stem cells used for allogeneic transplantation, in addition to bone marrow and peripheral blood. Limited numbers of stem cells in a single UCB unit is associated with slow haematopoietic recovery and high risk of graft failure, particularly in adult patients. UCB stem cells can be expanded ex vivo; however, rapid differentiation reduces their regenerative potential. We have recently shown that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is down-regulated in ex vivo-expanded stem cells; therefore, we propose that re-activation of Wnt signalling using GSK-3β inhibition may act to improve regenerative potential of these ex vivo-expanded stem cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunocompromised mice were employed in transplantation studies to determine stem-cell engraftment. Flow cytometry was used to phenotype the engrafted human cells. Retroviral gene transfer was used to examine the role of Myc gene up-regulated by GSK-3β inhibition, in ex vivo-expanded stem cells. RESULTS Treatment with GSK-3β inhibitor, 6-bromoindirubin 3'-oxime (BIO) improved early human cell engraftment in the mice and elevated the numbers of myeloid progenitor cells in cytokine-stimulated culture. BIO up-regulated β-catenin and c-myc in ex vivo-expanded stem cells. Ectopic expression of Myc acted to increase clonogenic potential and to delay differentiation of haematopoietic progenitor cells, suggesting the potential mechanism to improve regenerative potential of ex vivo-expanded grafts. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β provided a novel approach to improve early engraftment of ex vivo-expanded haematopoietic progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dolnikov
- Sydney Cord & Marrow Transplant Laboratory, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Dhamdhere GR, Fang MY, Jiang J, Lee K, Cheng D, Olveda RC, Liu B, Mulligan KA, Carlson JC, Ransom RC, Weis WI, Helms JA. Drugging a stem cell compartment using Wnt3a protein as a therapeutic. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83650. [PMID: 24400074 PMCID: PMC3882211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of Wnt proteins has long been recognized but challenges associated with in vivo stability and delivery have hindered their development as drug candidates. By exploiting the hydrophobic nature of the protein we provide evidence that exogenous Wnt3a can be delivered in vivo if it is associated with a lipid vesicle. Recombinant Wnt3a associates with the external surface of the lipid membrane; this association stabilizes the protein and leads to prolonged activation of the Wnt pathway in primary cells. We demonstrate the consequences of Wnt pathway activation in vivo using a bone marrow engraftment assay. These data provide validation for the development of WNT3A as a therapeutic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girija R. Dhamdhere
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Y. Fang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jie Jiang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine Lee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Du Cheng
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca C. Olveda
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Bo Liu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Kimberley A. Mulligan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffery C. Carlson
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ryan C. Ransom
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - William I. Weis
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jill A. Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Leo E, Mancini M, Aluigi M, Luatti S, Castagnetti F, Testoni N, Soverini S, Santucci MA, Martinelli G. BCR-ABL1-associated reduction of beta catenin antagonist Chibby1 in chronic myeloid leukemia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81425. [PMID: 24339928 PMCID: PMC3858264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta Catenin signaling is critical for the self-renewal of leukemic stem cells in chronic myeloid leukemia. It is driven by multiple events, enhancing beta catenin stability and promoting its transcriptional co-activating function. We investigated the impact of BCR-ABL1 on Chibby1, a beta catenin antagonist involved in cell differentiation and transformation. Relative proximity of the Chibby1 encoding gene (C22orf2) on chromosome 22q12 to the BCR breakpoint (22q11) lets assume its involvement in beta catenin activation in chronic myeloid leukemia as a consequence of deletions of distal BCR sequences encompassing one C22orf2 allele. Forty patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase were analyzed for C22orf2 relocation and Chibby1 expression. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses established that the entire C22orf2 follows BCR regardless of chromosomes involved in the translocation. In differentiated hematopoietic progenitors (bone marrow mononuclear cell fractions) of 30/40 patients, the expression of Chibby1 protein was reduced below 50% of the reference value (peripheral blood mononuclear cell fractions of healthy persons). In such cell context, Chibby1 protein reduction is not dependent on C22orf2 transcriptional downmodulation; however, it is strictly dependent upon BCR-ABL1 expression because it was not observed at the moment of major molecular response under tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Moreover, it was not correlated with the disease prognosis or response to therapy. Most importantly, a remarkable Chibby1 reduction was apparent in a putative BCR-ABL1+ leukemic stem cell compartment identified by a CD34+ phenotype compared to more differentiated hematopoietic progenitors. In CD34+ cells, Chibby1 reduction arises from transcriptional events and is driven by C22orf2 promoter hypermethylation. These results advance low Chibby1 expression associated with BCR-ABL1 as a component of beta catenin signaling in leukemic stem cells.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Down-Regulation
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Models, Molecular
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Signal Transduction
- Transcriptional Activation
- beta Catenin/antagonists & inhibitors
- beta Catenin/genetics
- beta Catenin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Leo
- Istituto di Ematologia “Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli”, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale - DIMES, University of Bologna - Medical School, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Manuela Mancini
- Istituto di Ematologia “Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli”, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale - DIMES, University of Bologna - Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Aluigi
- Istituto di Ematologia “Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli”, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale - DIMES, University of Bologna - Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Luatti
- Istituto di Ematologia “Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli”, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale - DIMES, University of Bologna - Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fausto Castagnetti
- Istituto di Ematologia “Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli”, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale - DIMES, University of Bologna - Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Testoni
- Istituto di Ematologia “Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli”, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale - DIMES, University of Bologna - Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Soverini
- Istituto di Ematologia “Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli”, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale - DIMES, University of Bologna - Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Alessandra Santucci
- Istituto di Ematologia “Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli”, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale - DIMES, University of Bologna - Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Istituto di Ematologia “Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli”, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale - DIMES, University of Bologna - Medical School, Bologna, Italy
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Raman R, Kumar RS, Hinge A, Kumar S, Nayak R, Xu J, Szczur K, Cancelas JA, Filippi MD. p190-B RhoGAP regulates the functional composition of the mesenchymal microenvironment. Leukemia 2013; 27:2209-19. [PMID: 23563238 PMCID: PMC3919554 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is regulated by components of the microenvironment, so-called niche. Here, we show that p190-B GTPase-activating protein (p190-B) deletion in mice causes hematopoietic failure during ontogeny, in p190-B(-/-) fetal liver and bones, and in p190-B(+/-) adult bones and spleen. These defects are non-cell autonomous, as we previously showed that transplantation of p190-B(-/-) hematopoietic cells into wild-type (WT) hosts leads to normal hematopoiesis. Coculture of mesenchymal stem (MSC)/progenitor cells and wild-type bone marrow (BM) cells reveals that p190-B(-/-) MSCs are dysfunctional in supporting hematopoiesis owing to impaired Wnt signaling. Furthermore, p190-B loss causes alteration in BM niche composition, including abnormal colony-forming unit (CFU)-fibroblast, CFU-adipocyte and CFU-osteoblast numbers. This is due to altered MSC lineage fate specification to osteoblast and adipocyte lineages. Thus, p190-B organizes a functional mesenchymal/microenvironment for normal hematopoiesis during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Raman
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Shin JH, Kim HW, Rhyu IJ, Song KJ, Kee SH. Axin expression reduces staurosporine-induced mitochondria-mediated cell death in HeLa cells. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2022-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
Intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) treatment expands hemopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), but the involved mechanisms and the affected HSPC populations are mostly unknown. Here we show that T cells are required for iPTH to expand short-term HSPCs (ST-HSPCs) and improve blood cell engraftment and host survival after BM transplantation. Silencing of PTH/PTH-related protein receptor (PPR) in T cells abrogates the effects of iPTH, thus demonstrating a requirement for direct PPR signaling in T cells. Mechanistically, iPTH expands ST-HSPCs by activating Wnt signaling in HSPCs and stromal cells (SCs) through T-cell production of the Wnt ligand Wnt10b. Attesting to the relevance of Wnt10b, iPTH fails to expand ST-HSPCs in mice with Wnt10b(-/-) T cells. Moreover, iPTH fails to promote engraftment and survival after BM transplantation in Wnt10b null mice. In summary, direct PPR signaling in T cells and the resulting production of Wnt10b play a pivotal role in the mechanism by which iPTH expands ST-HSPCs. The data suggest that T cells may provide pharmacologic targets for HSPC expansion.
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Hematopoietic stem cell development, niches, and signaling pathways. BONE MARROW RESEARCH 2012; 2012:270425. [PMID: 22900188 PMCID: PMC3413998 DOI: 10.1155/2012/270425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) play a key role in hematopoietic system that functions mainly in homeostasis and immune response. HSCs transplantation has been applied for the treatment of several diseases. However, HSCs persist in the small quantity within the body, mostly in the quiescent state. Understanding the basic knowledge of HSCs is useful for stem cell biology research and therapeutic medicine development. Thus, this paper emphasizes on HSC origin, source, development, the niche, and signaling pathways which support HSC maintenance and balance between self-renewal and proliferation which will be useful for the advancement of HSC expansion and transplantation in the future.
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Oh IH, Humphries RK. Concise review: Multidimensional regulation of the hematopoietic stem cell state. Stem Cells 2012; 30:82-8. [PMID: 22083966 DOI: 10.1002/stem.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are characterized by their unique function to produce all lineages of blood cells throughout life. Such tissue-specific function of HSC is attributed to their ability to execute self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. Accumulating evidence indicates that the undifferentiated state of HSC is characterized by dynamic maintenance of chromatin structures and epigenetic plasticity. Conversely, quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation of HSCs are dictated by complex regulatory mechanisms involving specific transcription factors and microenvironmental crosstalk between stem cells and multiple compartments of niches in bone marrows. Thus, multidimensional regulatory inputs are integrated into two opposing characters of HSCs-maintenance of undifferentiated state analogous to pluripotent stem cells but execution of tissue-specific hematopoietic functions. Further studies on the interplay of such regulatory forces as "cell fate determinant" will likely shed the light on diverse spectrums of tissue-specific stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Hoan Oh
- Catholic High Performance Cell Therapy Center and Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Kaplan D, Kaye N, Liu F, Fu P, Margevicius S, Meyerson HJ, Lazarus HM. The functional duality of HoxB4 in hematopoietic reconstituting cells. Cytometry A 2012; 83:127-33. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abstract
Considerable information has accumulated about components of BM that regulate the survival, self-renewal, and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. In the present study, we investigated Wnt signaling and assessed its influence on human and murine hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) were placed on Wnt3a-transduced OP9 stromal cells. The proliferation and production of B cells, natural killer cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells were blocked. In addition, some HSPC characteristics were maintained or re-acquired along with different lineage generation potentials. These responses did not result from direct effects of Wnt3a on HSPCs, but also required alterations in the OP9 cells. Microarray, PCR, and flow cytometric experiments revealed that OP9 cells acquired osteoblastic characteristics while down-regulating some features associated with mesenchymal stem cells, including the expression of angiopoietin 1, the c-Kit ligand, and VCAM-1. In contrast, the production of decorin, tenascins, and fibromodulin markedly increased. We found that at least 1 of these extracellular matrix components, decorin, is a regulator of hematopoiesis: upon addition of this proteoglycan to OP9 cocultures, decorin caused changes similar to those caused by Wnt3a. Furthermore, hematopoietic stem cell numbers in the BM and spleen were elevated in decorin-knockout mice. These findings define one mechanism through which canonical Wnt signaling could shape niches supportive of hematopoiesis.
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Chiang CL, Chen SSA, Lee SJ, Tsao KC, Chu PL, Wen CH, Hwang SM, Yao CL, Lee H. Lysophosphatidic Acid Induces Erythropoiesis through Activating Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 3. Stem Cells 2011; 29:1763-73. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fazzi R, Pacini S, Carnicelli V, Trombi L, Montali M, Lazzarini E, Petrini M. Mesodermal progenitor cells (MPCs) differentiate into mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) by activation of Wnt5/calmodulin signalling pathway. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25600. [PMID: 21980498 PMCID: PMC3183072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) remain poorly characterized because of the absence of manifest physical, phenotypic, and functional properties in cultured cell populations. Despite considerable research on MSCs and their clinical application, the biology of these cells is not fully clarified and data on signalling activation during mesenchymal differentiation and proliferation are controversial. The role of Wnt pathways is still debated, partly due to culture heterogeneity and methodological inconsistencies. Recently, we described a new bone marrow cell population isolated from MSC cultures that we named Mesodermal Progenitor Cells (MPCs) for their mesenchymal and endothelial differentiation potential. An optimized culture method allowed the isolation from human adult bone marrow of a highly pure population of MPCs (more than 97%), that showed the distinctive SSEA-4+CD105+CD90neg phenotype and not expressing MSCA-1 antigen. Under these selective culture conditions the percentage of MSCs (SSEA-4negCD105+CD90bright and MSCA-1+), in the primary cultures, resulted lower than 2%. Methodology/Principal Finding We demonstrate that MPCs differentiate to MSCs through an SSEA-4+CD105+CD90bright early intermediate precursor. Differentiation paralleled the activation of Wnt5/Calmodulin signalling by autocrine/paracrine intense secretion of Wnt5a and Wnt5b (p<0.05 vs uncondictioned media), which was later silenced in late MSCs (SSEA-4neg). We found the inhibition of this pathway by calmidazolium chloride specifically blocked mesenchymal induction (ID50 = 0.5 µM, p<0.01), while endothelial differentiation was unaffected. Conclusion The present study describes two different putative progenitors (early and late MSCs) that, together with already described MPCs, could be co-isolated and expanded in different percentages depending on the culture conditions. These results suggest that some modifications to the widely accepted MSC nomenclature are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fazzi
- Hematology Division, Department of Oncology, Transplants and New Advances in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Pacini
- Hematology Division, Department of Oncology, Transplants and New Advances in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Vittoria Carnicelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo e dell'Ambiente, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Trombi
- Hematology Division, Department of Oncology, Transplants and New Advances in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina Montali
- Hematology Division, Department of Oncology, Transplants and New Advances in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Lazzarini
- Hematology Division, Department of Oncology, Transplants and New Advances in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Petrini
- Hematology Division, Department of Oncology, Transplants and New Advances in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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