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Gao R, Yang G, Wang M, Xiao J, Yi S, Huang Y, Guo Z, Kang Y, Fu Q, Wang M, Xu B, Shen S, Zhu Q, Liu M, Wang L, Cui X, Yi S, Kou X, Zhao Y, Gu L, Wang H, Gao S, Jiang C, Chen J. Defining a TFAP2C-centered transcription factor network during murine peri-implantation. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1146-1158.e6. [PMID: 38574734 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in early embryonic development, but factors regulating TF action, relationships in signaling cascade, genome-wide localizations, and impacts on cell fate transitions during this process have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we used uliCUT&RUN-seq to delineate a TFAP2C-centered regulatory network, showing that it involves promoter-enhancer interactions and regulates TEAD4 and KLF5 function to mediate cell polarization. Notably, we found that maternal retinoic acid metabolism regulates TFAP2C expression and function by inducing the active demethylation of SINEs, indicating that the RARG-TFAP2C-TEAD4/KLF5 axis connects the maternal-to-zygotic transition to polarization. Moreover, we found that both genomic imprinting and SNP-transferred genetic information can influence TF positioning to regulate parental gene expressions in a sophisticated manner. In summary, we propose a ternary model of TF regulation in murine embryonic development with TFAP2C as the core element and metabolic, epigenetic, and genetic information as nodes connecting the pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Mengting Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shanru Yi
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanxin Huang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenxiang Guo
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunzhe Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qianzheng Fu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ben Xu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shijun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qianshu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinyu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shanshan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaochen Kou
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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2
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Gao Y, Han W, Dong R, Wei S, Chen L, Gu Z, Liu Y, Guo W, Yan F. Efficient Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Trophoblast Stem-like Cells via Lats Kinase Inhibition. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:71. [PMID: 38392290 PMCID: PMC10886645 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Mouse zygotes undergo multiple rounds of cell division, resulting in the formation of preimplantation blastocysts comprising three lineages: trophectoderm (TE), epiblast (EPI), and primitive endoderm (PrE). Cell fate determination plays a crucial role in establishing a healthy pregnancy. The initial separation of lineages gives rise to TE and inner cell mass (ICM), from which trophoblast stem cells (TSC) and embryonic stem cells (ESC) can be derived in vitro. Studying lineage differentiation is greatly facilitated by the clear functional distinction between TSC and ESC. However, transitioning between these two types of cells naturally poses challenges. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibiting LATS kinase promotes the conversion of ICM to TE and also effectively reprograms ESC into stable, self-renewing TS-like cells (TSLC). Compared to TSC, TSLC exhibits similar molecular properties, including the high expression of marker genes such as Cdx2, Eomes, and Tfap2c, as well as hypomethylation of their promoters. Importantly, TSLC not only displays the ability to differentiate into mature trophoblast cells in vitro but also participates in placenta formation in vivo. These findings highlight the efficient reprogramming of ESCs into TSLCs using a small molecular inducer, which provides a new reference for understanding the regulatory network between ESCs and TSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yake Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Wuhan Women's and Children's Medical Care Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenrui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhaolei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
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3
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Zhang W, Sun S, Wang Q, Li X, Xu M, Li Q, Zhao Y, Peng K, Yao C, Wang Y, Chang Y, Liu Y, Wu X, Gao Q, Shuai L. Haploid-genetic screening of trophectoderm specification identifies Dyrk1a as a repressor of totipotent-like status. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5683. [PMID: 38117886 PMCID: PMC10732524 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Trophectoderm (TE) and the inner cell mass are the first two lineages in murine embryogenesis and cannot naturally transit to each other. The barriers between them are unclear and fascinating. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) retain the identities of inner cell mass and TE, respectively, and, thus, are ideal platforms to investigate these lineages in vitro. Here, we develop a loss-of-function genetic screening in haploid ESCs and reveal many mutations involved in the conversion of TSCs. The disruption of either Catip or Dyrk1a (candidates) in ESCs facilitates the conversion of TSCs. According to transcriptome analysis, we find that the repression of Dyrk1a activates totipotency, which is a possible reason for TE specification. Dyrk1a-null ESCs can contribute to embryonic and extraembryonic tissues in chimeras and can efficiently form blastocyst-like structures, indicating their totipotent developmental abilities. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying cell fate alternation in embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shengyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yiding Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Keli Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chunmeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuna Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ying Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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4
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Wei Y, Zhang E, Yu L, Ci B, Sakurai M, Guo L, Zhang X, Lin S, Takii S, Liu L, Liu J, Schmitz DA, Su T, Zhang J, Shen Q, Ding Y, Zhan L, Sun HX, Zheng C, Xu L, Okamura D, Ji W, Tan T, Wu J. Dissecting embryonic and extraembryonic lineage crosstalk with stem cell co-culture. Cell 2023; 186:5859-5875.e24. [PMID: 38052213 PMCID: PMC10916932 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Embryogenesis necessitates harmonious coordination between embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. Although stem cells of both embryonic and extraembryonic origins have been generated, they are grown in different culture conditions. In this study, utilizing a unified culture condition that activates the FGF, TGF-β, and WNT pathways, we have successfully derived embryonic stem cells (FTW-ESCs), extraembryonic endoderm stem cells (FTW-XENs), and trophoblast stem cells (FTW-TSCs) from the three foundational tissues of mouse and cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) blastocysts. This approach facilitates the co-culture of embryonic and extraembryonic stem cells, revealing a growth inhibition effect exerted by extraembryonic endoderm cells on pluripotent cells, partially through extracellular matrix signaling. Additionally, our cross-species analysis identified both shared and unique transcription factors and pathways regulating FTW-XENs. The embryonic and extraembryonic stem cell co-culture strategy offers promising avenues for developing more faithful embryo models and devising more developmentally pertinent differentiation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wei
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - E Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Leqian Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baiquan Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Masahiro Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sirui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shino Takii
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Lizhong Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Daniel A Schmitz
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ting Su
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiaoyan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Linfeng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | | | - Canbin Zheng
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daiji Okamura
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Weizhi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Tao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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5
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Sinha KK, Bilokapic S, Du Y, Malik D, Halic M. Histone modifications regulate pioneer transcription factor cooperativity. Nature 2023; 619:378-384. [PMID: 37225990 PMCID: PMC10338341 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pioneer transcription factors have the ability to access DNA in compacted chromatin1. Multiple transcription factors can bind together to a regulatory element in a cooperative way, and cooperation between the pioneer transcription factors OCT4 (also known as POU5F1) and SOX2 is important for pluripotency and reprogramming2-4. However, the molecular mechanisms by which pioneer transcription factors function and cooperate on chromatin remain unclear. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OCT4 bound to a nucleosome containing human LIN28B or nMATN1 DNA sequences, both of which bear multiple binding sites for OCT4. Our structural and biochemistry data reveal that binding of OCT4 induces changes to the nucleosome structure, repositions the nucleosomal DNA and facilitates cooperative binding of additional OCT4 and of SOX2 to their internal binding sites. The flexible activation domain of OCT4 contacts the N-terminal tail of histone H4, altering its conformation and thus promoting chromatin decompaction. Moreover, the DNA-binding domain of OCT4 engages with the N-terminal tail of histone H3, and post-translational modifications at H3K27 modulate DNA positioning and affect transcription factor cooperativity. Thus, our findings suggest that the epigenetic landscape could regulate OCT4 activity to ensure proper cell programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan K Sinha
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Silvija Bilokapic
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yongming Du
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Deepshikha Malik
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mario Halic
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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6
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Seong J, Rivron NC. Protocol for capturing trophectoderm stem cells reflecting the blastocyst stage. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102151. [PMID: 36930647 PMCID: PMC10031533 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Classically, culturing mouse blastocysts with FGF4/TGF-β1, two epiblast-secreted inducers, allows for deriving trophoblast stem cells that comprise fluctuating subpopulations reflecting both pre- and post-implantation stages. However, a more complete combination of inducers (adding LPA, IL11, BMP7, Activin A, 8-Br-cAMP) captures trophectoderm stem cells with enhanced transcriptomic similarity to the blastocyst trophectoderm and self-renewal, reduced differentiation. Also, the complete combination of inducers increased potential to form blastoids and to instruct decidualization in utero, thus better reflecting the blastocyst. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Seong et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Seong
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas C Rivron
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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7
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Sinha K, Bilokapic S, Du Y, Malik D, Halic M. Histone modifications regulate pioneer transcription factor binding and cooperativity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.14.532583. [PMID: 36993452 PMCID: PMC10055048 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Pioneer transcription factors have the ability to access DNA in compacted chromatin. Multiple transcription factors can bind together to a regulatory element in a cooperative way and cooperation between pioneer transcription factors Oct4 and Sox2 is important for pluripotency and reprogramming. However, the molecular mechanisms by which pioneer transcription factors function and cooperate remain unclear. Here we present cryo-EM structures of human Oct4 bound to a nucleosome containing human Lin28B and nMatn1 DNA sequences, which bear multiple binding sites for Oct4. Our structural and biochemistry data reveal that Oct4 binding induces changes to the nucleosome structure, repositions the nucleosomal DNA and facilitates cooperative binding of additional Oct4 and of Sox2 to their internal binding sites. The flexible activation domain of Oct4 contacts the histone H4 N-terminal tail, altering its conformation and thus promoting chromatin decompaction. Moreover, the DNA binding domain of Oct4 engages with histone H3 N-terminal tail, and posttranslational modifications at H3K27 modulate DNA positioning and affect transcription factor cooperativity. Thus, our data show that the epigenetic landscape can regulate Oct4 activity to ensure proper cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Sinha
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Silvija Bilokapic
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yongming Du
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Deepshikha Malik
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Mario Halic
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Corresponding author:
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8
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Wei Y, Zhang E, Yu L, Ci B, Guo L, Sakurai M, Takii S, Liu J, Schmitz DA, Ding Y, Zhan L, Zheng C, Sun HX, Xu L, Okamura D, Ji W, Tan T, Wu J. Dissecting embryonic and extra-embryonic lineage crosstalk with stem cell co-culture. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531525. [PMID: 36945498 PMCID: PMC10028955 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Faithful embryogenesis requires precise coordination between embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. Although stem cells from embryonic and extraembryonic origins have been generated for several mammalian species(Bogliotti et al., 2018; Choi et al., 2019; Cui et al., 2019; Evans and Kaufman, 1981; Kunath et al., 2005; Li et al., 2008; Martin, 1981; Okae et al., 2018; Tanaka et al., 1998; Thomson et al., 1998; Vandevoort et al., 2007; Vilarino et al., 2020; Yu et al., 2021b; Zhong et al., 2018), they are grown in different culture conditions with diverse media composition, which makes it difficult to study cross-lineage communication. Here, by using the same culture condition that activates FGF, TGF-β and WNT signaling pathways, we derived stable embryonic stem cells (ESCs), extraembryonic endoderm stem cells (XENs) and trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) from all three founding tissues of mouse and cynomolgus monkey blastocysts. This allowed us to establish embryonic and extraembryonic stem cell co-cultures to dissect lineage crosstalk during early mammalian development. Co-cultures of ESCs and XENs uncovered a conserved and previously unrecognized growth inhibition of pluripotent cells by extraembryonic endoderm cells, which is in part mediated through extracellular matrix signaling. Our study unveils a more universal state of stem cell self-renewal stabilized by activation, as opposed to inhibition, of developmental signaling pathways. The embryonic and extraembryonic stem cell co-culture strategy developed here will open new avenues for creating more faithful embryo models and developing more developmentally relevant differentiation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wei
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - E Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Leqian Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baiquan Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Masahiro Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shino Takii
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Daniel A. Schmitz
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Linfeng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Canbin Zheng
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Lin Xu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Daiji Okamura
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Weizhi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Tao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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9
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Xiao M, Zheng Y, Wang MX, Sun YH, Chen J, Zhu KY, Zhang F, Tang YH, Yang F, Zhou T, Zhang YP, Lei CX, Sun XX, Yu SH, Tian FJ. Elevated histone demethylase KDM5C increases recurrent miscarriage risk by preventing trophoblast proliferation and invasion. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:495. [PMID: 36550096 PMCID: PMC9780362 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
KDM5C is a histone H3K4-specific demethylase, which has been shown to play a key role in biological disease and development. However, the role of KDM5C in trophoblasts at early pregnancy is currently unknown. Here, we showed that KDM5C was upregulated in placental trophoblasts from recurrent miscarriage (RM) patients compared with healthy controls (HCs). Trophoblast proliferation and invasion was inhibited by KDM5C overexpression and was promoted by KDM5C knockdown. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that elevated KDM5C exerted anti-proliferation and anti-invasion effects by repressing the expression of essential regulatory genes. The combination analysis of RNA-seq, ChIP-seq and CUT&Tag assay showed that KDM5C overexpression leads to the reduction of H3K4me3 on the promoters and the corresponding downregulation of expression of several regulatory genes in trophoblasts. Among these genes, TGFβ2 and RAGE are essential for the proliferation and invasion of trophoblasts. Importantly, overexpression of KDM5C by a systemically delivered KDM5C adenovirus vector (Ad-KDM5C) promoted embryo resorption rate in mouse. Our results support that KDM5C is an important regulator of the trophoblast function during early pregnancy, and suggesting that KDM5C activity could be responsible for epigenetic alterations seen RM disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiao
- grid.412312.70000 0004 1755 1415Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Yan Zheng
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080 China
| | - Meng-Xi Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Yi-Hua Sun
- grid.412312.70000 0004 1755 1415Department of Pathology, the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Juan Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Kang-Yong Zhu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Fan Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Yun-Hui Tang
- grid.412312.70000 0004 1755 1415Department of Family Planning, the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Fan Yang
- grid.412312.70000 0004 1755 1415Department of Pathology, the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Ting Zhou
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Yue-Ping Zhang
- grid.412312.70000 0004 1755 1415Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Cai-Xia Lei
- grid.412312.70000 0004 1755 1415Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Xiao-Xi Sun
- grid.412312.70000 0004 1755 1415Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Shan-He Yu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Fu-Ju Tian
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030 China
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10
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Hersbach BA, Fischer DS, Masserdotti G, Deeksha, Mojžišová K, Waltzhöni T, Rodriguez-Terrones D, Heinig M, Theis FJ, Götz M, Stricker SH. Probing cell identity hierarchies by fate titration and collision during direct reprogramming. Mol Syst Biol 2022; 18:e11129. [PMID: 36106915 PMCID: PMC9476893 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202211129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the therapeutic promise of direct reprogramming, basic principles concerning fate erasure and the mechanisms to resolve cell identity conflicts remain unclear. To tackle these fundamental questions, we established a single‐cell protocol for the simultaneous analysis of multiple cell fate conversion events based on combinatorial and traceable reprogramming factor expression: Collide‐seq. Collide‐seq revealed the lack of a common mechanism through which fibroblast‐specific gene expression loss is initiated. Moreover, we found that the transcriptome of converting cells abruptly changes when a critical level of each reprogramming factor is attained, with higher or lower levels not contributing to major changes. By simultaneously inducing multiple competing reprogramming factors, we also found a deterministic system, in which titration of fates against each other yields dominant or colliding fates. By investigating one collision in detail, we show that reprogramming factors can disturb cell identity programs independent of their ability to bind their target genes. Taken together, Collide‐seq has shed light on several fundamental principles of fate conversion that may aid in improving current reprogramming paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob A Hersbach
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Division of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - David S Fischer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Giacomo Masserdotti
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Division of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Deeksha
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Division of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Karolina Mojžišová
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Waltzhöni
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Core Facility Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Diego Rodriguez-Terrones
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Heinig
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Division of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,German Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan H Stricker
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Division of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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11
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Seong J, Frias-Aldeguer J, Holzmann V, Kagawa H, Sestini G, Heidari Khoei H, Scholte Op Reimer Y, Kip M, Pradhan SJ, Verwegen L, Vivié J, Li L, Alemany A, Korving J, Darmis F, van Oudenaarden A, Ten Berge D, Geijsen N, Rivron NC. Epiblast inducers capture mouse trophectoderm stem cells in vitro and pattern blastoids for implantation in utero. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1102-1118.e8. [PMID: 35803228 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The embryo instructs the allocation of cell states to spatially regulate functions. In the blastocyst, patterning of trophoblast (TR) cells ensures successful implantation and placental development. Here, we defined an optimal set of molecules secreted by the epiblast (inducers) that captures in vitro stable, highly self-renewing mouse trophectoderm stem cells (TESCs) resembling the blastocyst stage. When exposed to suboptimal inducers, these stem cells fluctuate to form interconvertible subpopulations with reduced self-renewal and facilitated differentiation, resembling peri-implantation cells, known as TR stem cells (TSCs). TESCs have enhanced capacity to form blastoids that implant more efficiently in utero due to inducers maintaining not only local TR proliferation and self-renewal, but also WNT6/7B secretion that stimulates uterine decidualization. Overall, the epiblast maintains sustained growth and decidualization potential of abutting TR cells, while, as known, distancing imposed by the blastocyst cavity differentiates TR cells for uterus adhesion, thus patterning the essential functions of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Seong
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Javier Frias-Aldeguer
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Viktoria Holzmann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harunobu Kagawa
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giovanni Sestini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidar Heidari Khoei
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria; Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yvonne Scholte Op Reimer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maarten Kip
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saurabh J Pradhan
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucas Verwegen
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Vivié
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Linfeng Li
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Alemany
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Korving
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Darmis
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Derk Ten Berge
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, LUMC, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolas C Rivron
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria; Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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12
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Rif1 and Hmgn3 regulate the conversion of murine trophoblast stem cells. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110570. [PMID: 35354046 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of trophectoderm (TE) is a hallmark event in preimplantation development during murine embryogenesis. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying TE specification. We find that the depletion of Rif1 breaks down the barrier to the transition from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). Rif1-null-induced TSCs show typical TE properties and the potential to differentiate into terminal trophoblast lineages. Global transcriptome analysis reveal that Rif1 deletion activates 2-cell embryo (2C)-related genes and induces a totipotent-like state. Chimeric assays further confirm that Rif1-null ESCs contribute to the functional placenta in addition to the fetus on embryonic day 12.5. Furthermore, we show overexpression of Hmgn3, one of the key upregulated gene in Rif1-null ESCs, facilitates the induction of TSCs. Therefore, we report two key genes regulating the conversion of TSCs and provide insights for investigating TE specification.
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13
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Modaline sulfate promotes Oct4 expression and maintains self-renewal and pluripotency of stem cells through JAK/STAT3 and Wnt signaling pathways. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:156. [PMID: 34348786 PMCID: PMC8336387 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells have been extensively explored for a variety of regenerative medical applications and they play an important role in clinical treatment of many diseases. However, the limited amount of stem cells and their tendency to undergo spontaneous differentiation upon extended propagation in vitro restrict their practical application. Octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (Oct4), a transcription factor belongs to the POU transcription factor family Class V, is fundamental for maintaining self-renewal ability and pluripotency of stem cells. METHODS In the present study, we used the previously constructed luciferase reporters driven by the promoter and 3'-UTR of Oct4 respectively to screen potential activators of Oct4. Colony formation assay, sphere-forming ability assay, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity assay and teratoma-formation assay were used to assess the role of modaline sulfate (MDLS) in promoting self-renewal and reinforcing pluripotency of P19 cells. Immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, and western blotting were used to measure expression changes of stem-related genes and activation of related signaling pathways. RESULTS We screened 480 commercially available small-molecule compounds and discovered that MDLS greatly promoted the expression of Oct4 at both mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, MDLS significantly promoted the self-renewal capacity of P19 cells. Also, we observed that the expression of pluripotency markers and alkaline phosphatase (AP) increased significantly in MDLS-treated colonies. Furthermore, MDLS could promote teratoma formation and enhanced differentiation potential of P19 cells in vivo. In addition, we found that in the presence of LIF, MDLS could replace feeder cells to maintain the undifferentiated state of OG2-mES cells (Oct4-GFP reporter gene mouse embryonic stem cell line), and the MDLS-expanded OG2-mES cells showed an elevated expression levels of pluripotency markers in vitro. Finally, we found that MDLS promoted Oct4 expression by activating JAK/STAT3 and classic Wnt signaling pathways, and these effects were reversed by treatment with inhibitors of corresponding signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated, for the first time, that MDLS could maintain self-renewal and pluripotency of stem cells.
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14
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Yanar K, Molbay M, Özaydın-Goksu E, Unek G, Cetindağ E, Unal A, Korgun ET. Contribution of Human Trophoblast Progenitor Cells to Neurogenesis in Rat Focal Cerebral Ischemia Model. Brain Inj 2021; 35:850-862. [PMID: 33780298 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2021.1906948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE : A decrease in the blood flow below a current level in the brain results in ischemia. Studies demonstrated that human trophoblast progenitor cells (hTPCs) contribute to the treatment of many diseases. Therefore, hTPCs might be a promising source to repair ischemia in cerebral ischemia models. For this purpose, we evaluated the expression of many neurogenesis markers by performing hTPC transplantation after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. METHODS : hTPCs, isolated from the term placentae, were characterized by immunofluorescent staining and differentiated into neuron-like cells. Differentiation was confirmed with immunostaining of GFAP and NeuN proteins. Cerebral ischemia models were generated in rats via middle cerebral artery occlusion and, after 24 hours, hTPCs were injected via the tail vein. Animals were sacrificed on day 3 or day 11. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with proteins associated with neurogenesis and neuronal development, such as DLX2, DLX5, LHX6, NGN1, and NGN2, Olig1, Olig2, and PDGFRα. RESULTS : According to our results, hTPCs may alleviate ischemic damage in the brain and contribute to the neurogenesis after ischemia. CONCLUSIONS : Based on our findings, this topic should be further investigated as the hTPC-based therapies may be a reliable source that can be used in the treatment of stroke and ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Yanar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Muge Molbay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Eylem Özaydın-Goksu
- Department of Neurology, Antalya Research and Training Hospital, Neurology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gozde Unek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Emre Cetindağ
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ali Unal
- Department of Neurology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Emin Turkay Korgun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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15
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Antao AM, Ramakrishna S, Kim KS. The Role of Nkx3.1 in Cancers and Stemness. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:168-179. [PMID: 33632988 PMCID: PMC8138659 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-known androgen-regulated homeobox gene, NKX3.1, is located on the short arm of chromosome 8. It is the first known prostate epithelium-specific marker, and is a transcription factor involved in development of the testes and prostate. In addition to specifying the prostate epithelium and maintaining normal prostate secretory function, Nkx3.1 is an established marker for prostate cancer. Over the years, however, this gene has been implicated in various other cancers, and technological advances have allowed determination of its role in other cellular functions. Nkx3.1 has also been recently identified as a factor capable of replacing Oct4 in cellular reprogramming. This review highlights the role of this tumor suppressor and briefly describes its functions, ranging from prostate development to maintenance of stemness and cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley Mike Antao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Wu Y, Zhang W. The Role of E3s in Regulating Pluripotency of Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1168. [PMID: 33503896 PMCID: PMC7865285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from early embryos and can differentiate into any type of cells in living organisms. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) resemble ESCs, both of which serve as excellent sources to study early embryonic development and realize cell replacement therapies for age-related degenerative diseases and other cell dysfunction-related illnesses. To achieve these valuable applications, comprehensively understanding of the mechanisms underlying pluripotency maintenance and acquisition is critical. Ubiquitination modifies proteins with Ubiquitin (Ub) at the post-translational level to monitor protein stability and activity. It is extensively involved in pluripotency-specific regulatory networks in ESCs and iPSCs. Ubiquitination is achieved by sequential actions of the Ub-activating enzyme E1, Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and Ub ligase E3. Compared with E1s and E2s, E3s are most abundant, responsible for substrate selectivity and functional diversity. In this review, we focus on E3 ligases to discuss recent progresses in understanding how they regulate pluripotency and somatic cell reprogramming through ubiquitinating core ESC regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China;
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17
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Gao H, Gao R, Zhang L, Xiu W, Zang R, Wang H, Zhang Y, Chen J, Gao Y, Gao S. Esrrb plays important roles in maintaining self-renewal of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) and reprogramming somatic cells to induced TSCs. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:463-473. [PMID: 30299501 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs), which can be derived from the trophoectoderm of a blastocyst, have the ability to sustain self-renewal and differentiate into various placental trophoblast cell types. Meanwhile, essential insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling the placental development can be gained by using TSCs as the cell model. Esrrb is a transcription factor that has been shown to play pivotal roles in both embryonic stem cell (ESC) and TSC, but the precise mechanism whereby Esrrb regulates TSC-specific transcriptome during differentiation and reprogramming is still largely unknown. In the present study, we elucidate the function of Esrrb in self-renewal and differentiation of TSCs, as well as during the induced TSC (iTSC) reprogramming. We demonstrate that the precise level of Esrrb is critical for stem state maintenance and further trophoblast differentiation of TSCs, as ectopically expressed Esrrb can partially block the rapid differentiation of TSCs in the absence of fibroblast growth factor 4. However, Esrrb depletion results in downregulation of certain key TSC-specific transcription factors, consequently causing a rapid differentiation of TSCs and these Esrrb-deficient TSCs lose the ability of hemorrhagic lesion formation in vivo. This function of Esrrb is exerted by directly binding and activating a core set of TSC-specific target genes including Cdx2, Eomes, Sox2, Fgfr4, and Bmp4. Furthermore, we show that Esrrb overexpression can facilitate the MEF-to-iTSC conversion. Moreover, Esrrb can substitute for Eomes to generate GEsTM-iTSCs. Thus, our findings provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of Esrrb in maintaining TSC self-renewal and during iTSC reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Gao
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenchao Xiu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruge Zang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawei Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate enhances oct4 expression and reinforces pluripotency through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113984. [PMID: 32311348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells are have therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine and drug discovery. However, the differentiation of stem cells in vitro hinders their large-scale production and clinical applications. The maintenance of cell pluripotency relies on a complex network of transcription factors; of these, octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (Oct4) plays a key role. This study aimed to construct an Oct4 gene promoter-driven firefly luciferase reporter and screen small-molecule compounds could maintain cell self-renewal and pluripotency. The results showed that ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) enhance the promoter activity of the Oct4 gene, increased the expression of Oct4 at both mRNA and protein levels, and significantly promoted the colony formation of P19 cells. These findings suggesting that EPMC could reinforce the self-renewal capacity of P19 cells. The pluripotency markers Oct4, SRY-related high-mobility-group-box protein-2, and Nanog were expressed at higher levels in EPMC-induced colonies. EPMC could promote teratoma formation and differentiation potential of P19 cells in vivo. It also enhanced self-renewal and pluripotency of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and mouse embryonic stem cells. Moreover, it significantly activated the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway via the myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent pathway. The expression level of Oct4 decreased after blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting that EPMC promoted the expression of Oct4 partially through the NF-κB signaling pathway. This study indicated that EPMC could maintain self-renewal and pluripotency of stem cells.
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Velychko S, Adachi K, Kim KP, Hou Y, MacCarthy CM, Wu G, Schöler HR. Excluding Oct4 from Yamanaka Cocktail Unleashes the Developmental Potential of iPSCs. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:737-753.e4. [PMID: 31708402 PMCID: PMC6900749 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Oct4 is widely considered the most important among the four Yamanaka reprogramming factors. Here, we show that the combination of Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc (SKM) suffices for reprogramming mouse somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Simultaneous induction of Sox2 and cMyc in fibroblasts triggers immediate retroviral silencing, which explains the discrepancy with previous studies that attempted but failed to generate iPSCs without Oct4 using retroviral vectors. SKM induction could partially activate the pluripotency network, even in Oct4-knockout fibroblasts. Importantly, reprogramming in the absence of exogenous Oct4 results in greatly improved developmental potential of iPSCs, determined by their ability to give rise to all-iPSC mice in the tetraploid complementation assay. Our data suggest that overexpression of Oct4 during reprogramming leads to off-target gene activation during reprogramming and epigenetic aberrations in resulting iPSCs and thereby bear major implications for further development and application of iPSC technology. SKM can induce pluripotency in somatic cells in the absence of exogenous Oct4 SM coexpression activates the retroviral silencing machinery in somatic cells Oct4 overexpression drives massive off-target gene activation during reprogramming OSKM, but not SKM, iPSCs show abnormal imprinting and differentiation patterns
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Velychko
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kenjiro Adachi
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kee-Pyo Kim
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Yanlin Hou
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Caitlin M MacCarthy
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Guangming Wu
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, 6 Luoxuan Avenue, Haizhu District, 510320 Guangzhou, PRC.
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany; Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Domagkstrasse 3, 48449 Münster, Germany.
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20
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Kim J, Kim J, Jeong J, Hong SH, Kim D, Choi S, Choi I, Oh JS, Cho C. Identification of a novel embryo-prevalent gene, Gm11545, involved in preimplantation embryogenesis in mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:11326-11337. [PMID: 31322925 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900370rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the early embryo travels down the oviduct to the uterus and prepares for implantation. The unique features of preimplantation development include compaction followed by blastocyst formation. This first cell lineage specification involves various proteins including cell polarity regulators, kinases, and transcription factors. In this study, a novel gene named predicted gene 11545 (Gm11545) expressed predominantly in mouse early embryos was identified and characterized at the transcript, protein, cellular, and functional levels. The Gm11545 protein localized to both cytoplasmic and membrane regions of preimplantation embryos. Remarkably, knockdown of Gm11545 led to arrest of mouse embryos at the morula stage and consequent impairment of blastocyst formation. Expression patterns of the key transcription factors critical for early lineage specification, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 and caudal type homeobox 2, were affected by Gm11545 depletion. Based on the collective findings, we propose that the novel protein identified in this study, Gm11545, is implicated in cell proliferation and cell lineage specification critical for blastocyst formation.-Kim, J., Kim, J., Jeong, J., Hong, S. H., Kim, D., Choi, S., Choi, I., Oh, J. S., Cho, C. Identification of a novel embryo-prevalent gene, Gm11545, involved in preimplantation embryogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Juri Jeong
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seong Hyeon Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seungho Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Inchul Choi
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Su Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Chunghee Cho
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
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21
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Derivation of Haploid Trophoblast Stem Cells via Conversion In Vitro. iScience 2019; 11:508-518. [PMID: 30635215 PMCID: PMC6354440 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their single genome, haploid cells are powerful to uncover unknown genes by performing genetic screening in mammals. However, no haploid cell line from an extraembryonic lineage has been achieved yet, which limits the application of haploid cells in placental genetic screening. Here, we show that overexpression of Cdx2 can convert haploid embryonic stem cells to trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). p53 deletion reduces diploidization during the conversion and guarantees the generation of haploid-induced TSCs (haiTSCs). haiTSCs not only share the same molecular characterization with trophoderm-derived TSCs but also possess multipotency to placental lineages in various procedures. In addition, haiTSCs can maintain haploidy in the long term, assisted by periodic sorting and with reliance on FGF4 and heparin. Finally, we perform piggyBac-mediated high-throughput mutation in haiTSCs and use them in trophoblast lineage genetic screening. Deep sequencing analysis and validation experiments prove that Htra1 is a blocker for spongiotrophoblast specification. A haploid cell line of extraembryonic lineages with self-renewal ability haiTSCs have multipotency to functional trophoblast lineages both in vitro and in vivo High-throughput screening of spongiotrophoblast specification-related genes in haiTSCs Htra1 is a blocker for spongiotrophoblast-specific differentiation
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22
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Hong YJ, Hong K, Byun S, Choi HW, Do JT. Reprogramming of Extraembryonic Trophoblast Stem Cells into Embryonic Pluripotent State by Fusion with Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1350-1359. [PMID: 29993328 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotential reprogramming has been examined using various technologies, including nuclear transfer, cell fusion, and direct reprogramming. Many studies have used differentiated cells for reprogramming experiments, and nearly all type of somatic cells can acquire pluripotency. However, within the embryo, other cells types are present in addition to somatic cells. The blastocyst stage embryo consists of two main types of cells, inner cell mass and trophectoderm (TE). TE cells are the first differentiated form of the totipotent zygote and differ from epiblast cells. Thus, we examined whether extraembryonic cells can be reprogrammed using a cell-cell fusion method. Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs), which can be obtained from the TE, are known to acquire pluripotency by transcription factor Oct4 overexpression or somatic cell nuclear transfer. In this study, we demonstrated that TSCs can acquire pluripotent properties by cell fusion with embryonic stem cells (ESCs). TSC-ESC hybrids reactivated Oct4-GFP and displayed self-renewal properties. They expressed the pluripotency markers Oct4 and Nanog, whereas the expression of Cdx2 and Tead4, trophoblast lineage markers, was diminished. Moreover, these cells developed into three germ layers similarly to other pluripotent stem cells. RNA-seq analysis showed that global gene expression patterns of TSC-ESC hybrids are more similar to ESCs than TSCs. Thus, we demonstrated that TSCs successfully complete reprogramming and acquire pluripotency by cell fusion-induced reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean Ju Hong
- 1 Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Institute of Science and Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- 1 Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Institute of Science and Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seki Byun
- 1 Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Institute of Science and Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Choi
- 2 Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Do
- 1 Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Institute of Science and Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Malik V, Zimmer D, Jauch R. Diversity among POU transcription factors in chromatin recognition and cell fate reprogramming. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1587-1612. [PMID: 29335749 PMCID: PMC11105716 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The POU (Pit-Oct-Unc) protein family is an evolutionary ancient group of transcription factors (TFs) that bind specific DNA sequences to direct gene expression programs. The fundamental importance of POU TFs to orchestrate embryonic development and to direct cellular fate decisions is well established, but the molecular basis for this activity is insufficiently understood. POU TFs possess a bipartite 'two-in-one' DNA binding domain consisting of two independently folding structural units connected by a poorly conserved and flexible linker. Therefore, they represent a paradigmatic example to study the molecular basis for the functional versatility of TFs. Their modular architecture endows POU TFs with the capacity to accommodate alternative composite DNA sequences by adopting different quaternary structures. Moreover, associations with partner proteins crucially influence the selection of their DNA binding sites. The plentitude of DNA binding modes confers the ability to POU TFs to regulate distinct genes in the context of different cellular environments. Likewise, different binding modes of POU proteins to DNA could trigger alternative regulatory responses in the context of different genomic locations of the same cell. Prominent POU TFs such as Oct4, Brn2, Oct6 and Brn4 are not only essential regulators of development but have also been successfully employed to reprogram somatic cells to pluripotency and neural lineages. Here we review biochemical, structural, genomic and cellular reprogramming studies to examine how the ability of POU TFs to select regulatory DNA, alone or with partner factors, is tied to their capacity to epigenetically remodel chromatin and drive specific regulatory programs that give cells their identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Malik
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- Genome Regulation Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Dennis Zimmer
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- Genome Regulation Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ralf Jauch
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- Genome Regulation Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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24
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Abstract
Tissue-specific transcription factors primarily act to define the phenotype of the cell. The power of a single transcription factor to alter cell fate is often minimal, as seen in gain-of-function analyses, but when multiple transcription factors cooperate synergistically it potentiates their ability to induce changes in cell fate. By contrast, transcription factor function is often dispensable in the maintenance of cell phenotype, as is evident in loss-of-function assays. Why does this phenomenon, commonly known as redundancy, occur? Here, I discuss the role that transcription factor networks play in collaboratively regulating stem cell fate and differentiation by providing multiple explanations for their functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Niwa
- Department of Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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25
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Watts J, Lokken A, Moauro A, Ralston A. Capturing and Interconverting Embryonic Cell Fates in a Dish. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 128:181-202. [PMID: 29477163 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the early embryo are totipotent because they will differentiate to produce the fetus and its surrounding extraembryonic tissues. By contrast, embryonic stem (ES) cells are considered to be merely pluripotent because they lack the ability to efficiently produce extraembryonic cell types. The relatively limited developmental potential of ES cells can be explained by the observation that ES cells are derived from the embryo after its cells have already begun to specialize and lose totipotency. Meanwhile, at the time that pluripotent ES cell progenitors are specified, so are the multipotent progenitors of two extraembryonic stem cell types: trophoblast stem (TS) cells and extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells. Notably, all three embryo-derived stem cell types are capable of either self-renewing or differentiating in a lineage-appropriate manner. These three types of embryo-derived stem cell serve as paradigms for defining the genes and pathways that define and maintain unique stem cell identities. Remarkably, some of the mechanisms that maintain the specific developmental potential of each stem cell line do so by preventing conversion to another stem cell fate. This chapter highlights noteworthy studies that have identified the genes and pathways that normally limit the interconversion of stem cell identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Watts
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Program in Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Graduate Program in Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Alyson Lokken
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Alexandra Moauro
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Graduate Program in Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Amy Ralston
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Program in Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
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26
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Kubaczka C, Kaiser F, Schorle H. Breaking the first lineage barrier – many roads to trophoblast stem cell fate. Placenta 2017; 60 Suppl 1:S52-S56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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She S, Wei Q, Kang B, Wang YJ. Cell cycle and pluripotency: Convergence on octamer‑binding transcription factor 4 (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6459-6466. [PMID: 28901500 PMCID: PMC5865814 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have unlimited expansion potential and the ability to differentiate into all somatic cell types for regenerative medicine and disease model studies. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), encoded by the POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 gene, is a transcription factor vital for maintaining ESC pluripotency and somatic reprogramming. Many studies have established that the cell cycle of ESCs is featured with an abbreviated G1 phase and a prolonged S phase. Changes in cell cycle dynamics are intimately associated with the state of ESC pluripotency, and manipulating cell-cycle regulators could enable a controlled differentiation of ESCs. The present review focused primarily on the emerging roles of OCT4 in coordinating the cell cycle progression, the maintenance of pluripotency and the glycolytic metabolism in ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi She
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qucheng Wei
- Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Bo Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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28
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Talbot NC, Sparks WO, Phillips CE, Ealy AD, Powell AM, Caperna TJ, Garrett WM, Donovan DM, Blomberg LA. Bovine trophectoderm cells induced from bovine fibroblasts with induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming factors. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:468-485. [PMID: 28332752 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen independent induced bovine trophectroderm (iBT) cell lines were established by reprogramming bovine fetal liver-derived fibroblasts after viral-vector transduction with either six or eight factors, including POU5F1 (OCT4), KLF4, SOX2, MYC, NANOG, LIN28, SV40 large T antigen, and hTERT. Light- and electron-microscopy analysis showed that the iBT cells had epithelial cell morphology typical of bovine trophectoderm cells. Reverse-transcription-PCR assays indicated that all of the cell lines expressed interferon-tau (IFNT) at passages 1 or 2. At later passages (≥ passage 8), however, immunoblot and antiviral activity assays revealed that more than half of the iBT cell lines had stopped expressing IFNT. Messenger RNAs specific to trophectoderm differentiation and function were found in the iBT cell lines, and 2-dimensional-gel analysis for cellular proteins showed an expression pattern similar to that of trophectoderm cell lines derived from bovine blastocysts. Integration of some of the human reprogramming factors, including POU5F1, KLF4, SOX2, MYC, NANOG, and LIN28, were detected by PCR, but their transcription was mostly absent in the iBT cell lines. Gene expression assessment of endogenous bovine reprogramming factor orthologs revealed endogenous bLIN28 and bMYC transcripts in all; bSOX2 and bNANOG in none; and bKLF4 and bPOU5F1 in less than half of the iBT cell lines. These results demonstrate that bovine trophectoderm can be induced via reprogramming factor expression from bovine liver-derived fibroblasts, although other fibroblast populations-e.g., derived from fetal thigh tissue-may produce similar results, albeit at lower frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Talbot
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Wendy O Sparks
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Caitlin E Phillips
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Alan D Ealy
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Anne M Powell
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Thomas J Caperna
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Wesley M Garrett
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - David M Donovan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Le Ann Blomberg
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland
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29
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Olariu V, Nilsson J, Jönsson H, Peterson C. Different reprogramming propensities in plants and mammals: Are small variations in the core network wirings responsible? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175251. [PMID: 28384293 PMCID: PMC5383272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the plant and animal kingdoms were separated more than 1,6 billion years ago, multicellular development is for both guided by similar transcriptional, epigenetic and posttranscriptional machinery. One may ask to what extent there are similarities and differences in the gene regulation circuits and their dynamics when it comes to important processes like stem cell regulation. The key players in mouse embryonic stem cells governing pluripotency versus differentiation are Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog. Correspondingly, the WUSCHEL and CLAVATA3 genes represent a core in the Shoot Apical Meristem regulation for plants. In addition, both systems have designated genes that turn on differentiation. There is very little molecular homology between mammals and plants for these core regulators. Here, we focus on functional homologies by performing a comparison between the circuitry connecting these players in plants and animals and find striking similarities, suggesting that comparable regulatory logics have been evolved for stem cell regulation in both kingdoms. From in silico simulations we find similar differentiation dynamics. Further when in the differentiated state, the cells are capable of regaining the stem cell state. We find that the propensity for this is higher for plants as compared to mammalians. Our investigation suggests that, despite similarity in core regulatory networks, the dynamics of these can contribute to plant cells being more plastic than mammalian cells, i.e. capable to reorganize from single differentiated cells to whole plants—reprogramming. The presence of an incoherent feed-forward loop in the mammalian core circuitry could be the origin of the different reprogramming behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Olariu
- Computational Biology and Biological Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Models of Life, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julia Nilsson
- Computational Biology and Biological Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Jönsson
- Computational Biology and Biological Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (HJ); (CP)
| | - Carsten Peterson
- Computational Biology and Biological Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail: (HJ); (CP)
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Cardiac repair in a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction with trophoblast stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44376. [PMID: 28295048 PMCID: PMC5353648 DOI: 10.1038/srep44376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Various stem cells have been explored for the purpose of cardiac repair. However, any individual stem cell population has not been considered as the ideal source. Recently, trophoblast stem cells (TSCs), a newly described stem cell type, have demonstrated extensive plasticity. The present study evaluated the therapeutic effect of TSCs transplantation for heart regeneration in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI) and made a direct comparison with the most commonly used mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Transplantation of TSCs and MSCs led to a remarkably improved cardiac function in contrast with the PBS control, but only the TSCs exhibited the potential of differentiation into cardiomyocytes in vivo. In addition, a significantly high proliferation level of both transplanted stem cells and resident cardiomyocytes was observed in the TSCs group. These findings primary revealed the therapeutic potential of TSCs in transplantation therapy for MI.
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31
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Garg V, Morgani S, Hadjantonakis AK. Capturing Identity and Fate Ex Vivo: Stem Cells from the Mouse Blastocyst. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 120:361-400. [PMID: 27475857 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During mouse preimplantation development, three molecularly, morphologically, and spatially distinct lineages are formed, the embryonic epiblast, the extraembryonic primitive endoderm, and the trophectoderm. Stem cell lines representing each of these lineages have now been derived and can be indefinitely maintained and expanded in culture, providing an unlimited source of material to study the interplay of tissue-specific transcription factors and signaling pathways involved in these fundamental cell fate decisions. Here we outline our current understanding of the derivation, maintenance, and properties of these in vitro stem cell models representing the preimplantation embryonic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Garg
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, United States
| | - S Morgani
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - A-K Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, United States.
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32
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Olariu V, Lövkvist C, Sneppen K. Nanog, Oct4 and Tet1 interplay in establishing pluripotency. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25438. [PMID: 27146218 PMCID: PMC4857071 DOI: 10.1038/srep25438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A few central transcription factors inside mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are believed to control the cells’ pluripotency. Characterizations of pluripotent state were put forward on both transcription factor and epigenetic levels. Whereas core players have been identified, it is desirable to map out gene regulatory networks which govern the reprogramming of somatic cells as well as the early developmental decisions. Here we propose a multiple level model where the regulatory network of Oct4, Nanog and Tet1 includes positive feedback loops involving DNA-demethylation around the promoters of Oct4 and Tet1. We put forward a mechanistic understanding of the regulatory dynamics which account for i) Oct4 overexpression is sufficient to induce pluripotency in somatic cell types expressing the other Yamanaka reprogramming factors endogenously; ii) Tet1 can replace Oct4 in reprogramming cocktail; iii) Nanog is not necessary for reprogramming however its over-expression leads to enhanced self-renewal; iv) DNA methylation is the key to the regulation of pluripotency genes; v) Lif withdrawal leads to loss of pluripotency. Overall, our paper proposes a novel framework combining transcription regulation with DNA methylation modifications which, takes into account the multi-layer nature of regulatory mechanisms governing pluripotency acquisition through reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Olariu
- Centre for Models of Life, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Computational Biology and Biological Physics, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lövkvist
- Centre for Models of Life, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Sneppen
- Centre for Models of Life, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Models of Life, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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33
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Gao S, Tao L, Hou X, Xu Z, Liu W, Zhao K, Guo M, Wang H, Cai T, Tian J, Gao S, Chang G. Genome-wide gene expression analyses reveal unique cellular characteristics related to the amenability of HPC/HSCs into high-quality induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:40. [PMID: 26979597 PMCID: PMC4791787 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factor-mediated reprogramming can efficiently convert differentiated cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Furthermore, many cell types have been shown to be amenable to reprogramming into iPSCs, such as neural stem cells, hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells (HPC/HSCs). However, the mechanisms related to the amenability of these cell types to be reprogrammed are still unknown. METHODS Herein, we attempt to elucidate the mechanisms of HPC/HSC reprogramming using the sequential reprogramming system that we have previously established. RESULTS We found that HPC/HSCs were amenable to transcription factor-mediated reprogramming, which yielded a high frequency of fully reprogrammed HPC/HSC-iPSCs. Genome-wide gene expression analyses revealed select down-regulated tumor suppressor and mesenchymal genes as well as up-regulated oncogenes in HPC/HSCs compared with mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), indicating that these genes may play important roles during the reprogramming of HPC/HSCs. Additional studies provided insights into the contribution of select tumor suppressor genes (p21, Ink4a and Arf) and an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) factor (Snail1) to the reprogramming process of HPC/HSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that HPC/HSCs carry unique cellular characteristics, which determine the amenability of HPC/HSCs to be reprogrammed into high-quality iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Gao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, NIBS, Beijing 102206, China.,Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding; College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Tao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding; College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinfeng Hou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, NIBS, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zijian Xu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, NIBS, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, NIBS, Beijing 102206, China.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mingyue Guo
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, NIBS, Beijing 102206, China.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tao Cai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, NIBS, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianhui Tian
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding; College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, NIBS, Beijing 102206, China.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Gang Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. .,National Institute of Biological Sciences, NIBS, Beijing 102206, China.
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Prudhomme J, Morey C. Epigenesis and plasticity of mouse trophoblast stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:757-74. [PMID: 26542801 PMCID: PMC11108370 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The critical role of the placenta in supporting a healthy pregnancy is mostly ensured by the extraembryonic trophoblast lineage that acts as the interface between the maternal and the foetal compartments. The diverse trophoblast cell subtypes that form the placenta originate from a single layer of stem cells that emerge from the embryo when the earliest cell fate decisions are occurring. Recent studies show that these trophoblast stem cells exhibit extensive plasticity as they are capable of differentiating down multiple pathways and are easily converted into embryonic stem cells in vitro. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the mechanisms and control of the epigenesis of mouse trophoblast stem cells through a comparison with the corresponding mechanisms in pluripotent embryonic stem cells. To illustrate some of the more striking manifestations of the epigenetic plasticity of mouse trophoblast stem cells, we discuss them within the context of two paradigms of epigenetic regulation of gene expression: the imprinted gene expression of specific loci and the process of X-chromosome inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Prudhomme
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Murine, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Céline Morey
- CNRS, UMR7216 Epigenetics and Cell Fate, 75013, Paris, France.
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35
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Conversion of embryonic stem cells into extraembryonic lineages by CRISPR-mediated activators. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19648. [PMID: 26782778 PMCID: PMC4726097 DOI: 10.1038/srep19648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently emerged CRISPR/Cas9 technique has opened a new perspective on readily editing specific genes. When combined with transcription activators, it can precisely manipulate endogenous gene expression. Here, we enhanced the expression of endogenous Cdx2 and Gata6 genes by CRISPR-mediated activators, thus mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were directly converted into two extraembryonic lineages, i.e., typical trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) and extraembryonic endoderm cells (XENCs), which exhibited characters of TSC or XENC derived from the blastocyst extraembryonic lineages such as cell morphology, specific gene expression, and differentiation ability in vitro and in vivo. This study demonstrates that the cell fate can be effectively manipulated by directly activating of specific endogenous gene expression with CRISPR-mediated activator.
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36
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Bou G, Liu S, Guo J, Zhao Y, Sun M, Xue B, Wang J, Wei Y, Kong Q, Liu Z. Cdx2 represses Oct4 function via inducing its proteasome-dependent degradation in early porcine embryos. Dev Biol 2015; 410:36-44. [PMID: 26708097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal repression of inner cell mass specific factor OCT4 and trophectoderm specific factor CDX2 promotes mouse first lineage segregation. Studies in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells revealed that they bind to each other's regulatory regions to reciprocally suppress transcription, additionally they form protein complex for mutual antagonism. However, so far the molecular interaction of Oct4 and Cdx2 in other mammal's early embryo is not yet investigated. Here, over-expression of Cdx2 in early porcine embryo showed CDX2 represses Oct4 through neither the transcriptional repression nor forming repressive complex, but promoting OCT4 nuclear export and proteasomal degradation. The results showed novel molecular regulation of CDX2 on Oct4, and provided important clues for clarifying the mechanism of interaction between CDX2 and Oct4 in embryo of mammals other than mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerelchimeg Bou
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shichao Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jia Guo
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yueming Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mingju Sun
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Binghua Xue
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanchang Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qingran Kong
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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37
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Chen J, Gao Y, Huang H, Xu K, Chen X, Jiang Y, Li H, Gao S, Tao Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Wang H, Cai T, Gao S. The combination of Tet1 with Oct4 generates high-quality mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:686-98. [PMID: 25331067 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The DNA dioxygenase Tet1 has recently been proposed to play an important role in the reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotency. Its oxidization product 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, formerly considered an intermediate in the demethylation of 5-methylcytosine, has recently been implicated as being important in epigenetic reprogramming. Here, we provide evidence that Tet1 (T) can replace multiple transcription factors during somatic cell reprogramming and can generate high-quality mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with Oct4 (O). The OT-iPSCs can efficiently produce viable mice derived entirely from iPSCs through tetraploid complementation; all 47 adult OT-iPSC mice grew healthily, without tumorigenesis, and had a normal life span. Furthermore, a new secondary reprogramming system was established using the OT all-iPSC mice-derived somatic cells. Our results provide the first evidence that the DNA dioxygenase Tet1 can replace multiple pluripotency transcription factors and can generate high-quality iPSCs with Oct4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, NIBS, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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38
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Januar V, Desoye G, Novakovic B, Cvitic S, Saffery R. Epigenetic regulation of human placental function and pregnancy outcome: considerations for causal inference. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213:S182-96. [PMID: 26428498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, often defined as regulating gene activity independently of underlying DNA sequence, are crucial for healthy development. The sum total of epigenetic marks within a cell or tissue (the epigenome) is sensitive to environmental influence, and disruption of the epigenome in utero has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Not surprisingly, given its multifaceted functions and important role in regulating pregnancy outcome, the placenta shows unique epigenetic features. Interestingly however, many of these are only otherwise seen in human malignancy (the pseudomalignant placental epigenome). Epigenetic variation in the placenta is now emerging as a candidate mediator of environmental influence on placental functioning and a key regulator of pregnancy outcome. However, replication of findings is generally lacking, most likely due to small sample sizes and a lack of standardization of analytical approaches. Defining DNA methylation "signatures" in the placenta associated with maternal and fetal outcomes offers tremendous potential to improve pregnancy outcomes, but care must be taken in interpretation of findings. Future placental epigenetic research would do well to address the issues present in epigenetic epidemiology more generally, including careful consideration of sample size, potentially confounding factors, issues of tissue heterogeneity, reverse causation, and the role of genetics in modulating epigenetic profile. The importance of animal or in vitro models in establishing a functional role of epigenetic variation identified in human beings, which is key to establishing causation, should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Januar
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Silvija Cvitic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Richard Saffery
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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39
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Zhu G, Fei T, Li Z, Yan X, Chen YG. Activin Regulates Self-renewal and Differentiation of Trophoblast Stem Cells by Down-regulating the X Chromosome Gene Bcor. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26221038 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.674127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a functional placenta is largely dependent upon proper proliferation and differentiation of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). Activin signaling has long been regarded to play important roles during this process, but the exact mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the X chromosome gene BCL-6 corepressor (Bcor) is a critical downstream effector of activin to fine-tune mouse TSC fate decision. Bcor was specifically down-regulated by activin A in TSCs in a dose-dependent manner, and immediately up-regulated upon TSC differentiation. Knockdown of Bcor partially compensated for the absence of activin A in maintaining the self-renewal of TSCs together with FGF4, while promoting syncytiotrophoblast differentiation in the absence of FGF4. Moreover, the impaired trophoblast giant cell and spongiotrophoblast differentiation upon Bcor knockdown also resembled the function of activin. Reporter analysis showed that BCOR inhibited the expression of the key trophoblast regulator genes Eomes and Cebpa by binding to their promoter regions. Our findings provide us with a better understanding of placental development and placenta-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyang Zhu
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Teng Fei
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhongwei Li
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohua Yan
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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40
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Floyd ZE, Floyd EZ, Staszkiewicz J, Power RA, Kilroy G, Kirk-Ballard H, Barnes CW, Strickler KL, Rim JS, Harkins LL, Gao R, Kim J, Eilertsen KJ. Prolonged proteasome inhibition cyclically upregulates Oct3/4 and Nanog gene expression, but reduces induced pluripotent stem cell colony formation. Cell Reprogram 2015; 17:95-105. [PMID: 25826722 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2014.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is ample evidence that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is an important regulator of transcription and its activity is necessary for maintaining pluripotency and promoting cellular reprogramming. Moreover, proteasome activity contributes to maintaining the open chromatin structure found in pluripotent stem cells, acting as a transcriptional inhibitor at specific gene loci generally associated with differentiation. The current study was designed to understand further the role of proteasome inhibition in reprogramming and its ability to modulate endogenous expression of pluripotency-related genes and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) colony formation. Herein, we demonstrate that acute combinatorial treatment with the proteasome inhibitors MG101 or MG132 and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) increases gene expression of the pluripotency marker Oct3/4, and that MG101 alone is as effective as VPA in the induction of Oct3/4 mRNA expression in fibroblasts. Prolonged proteasome inhibition cyclically upregulates gene expression of Oct3/4 and Nanog, but reduces colony formation in the presence of the iPSC induction cocktail. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the 26S proteasome is an essential modulator in the reprogramming process. Its inhibition enhances expression of pluripotency-related genes; however, efficient colony formation requires proteasome activity. Therefore, discovery of small molecules that increase proteasome activity might lead to more efficient cell reprogramming and generation of pluripotent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Z Floyd
- 1 Ubiquitin Lab, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System , Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
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Ogawa H, Watanabe H, Fukuda A, Kono T. Deficiency of genomic reprogramming in trophoblast stem cells following nuclear transfer. Cell Reprogram 2015; 17:115-23. [PMID: 25826724 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2014.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the genomic reprogrammability of trophoblast stem (TS) cells using a nuclear transfer technique, we produced TS cloned embryos using five TS cell lines from three strains of mice (ICR, B6D2F1, and B6CBF1) as donors and observed developmental ability during preimplantation development. The developmental rates of the TS cloned embryos that developed to the two-cell, four- to eight-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages were 58-83%, 0-38.6%, 0-21.3%, and 0-15.9%, respectively, indicating that more than 50% of TS cloned embryos arrested at the two-cell stage. These TS cloned two-cell embryos were expressed low level of Dappa3 (also known as PGC7/Stella), indicating that zygotic gene activation (ZGA) was disrupted in these embryos. However, a small portion of the TS cloned embryos (0-15.9%) reached the blastocyst stage. In these TS cloned blastocysts, the numbers of trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) cells were 31.9 ± 4.6 and 12.1 ± 3.0, respectively, which were not significantly different from those in the fertilized embryos. In addition, the gene expression analysis showed that Oct3/4, and Cdx2, which are ICM- and TE-specific marker genes, respectively, and Dppa3, and Hdac1, which are zygotic gene activation-related genes, were expressed in TS cloned blastocysts at the same levels as in the fertilized blastocysts. These results indicate that although TS cloned embryos are able to differentiate into ICM cells, the genomic reprogrammability of TS cells is very low following nuclear transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Ogawa
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture , Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
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42
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Wang C, Chen Y, Deng H, Gao S, Li L. Rbm46 Regulates Trophectoderm Differentiation by Stabilizing Cdx2 mRNA in Early Mouse Embryos. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:904-15. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, China National Center for International Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- SARI Center for Stem Cell and Nanomedicine, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanfan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, China National Center for International Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- SARI Center for Stem Cell and Nanomedicine, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongkui Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, China National Center for International Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingsong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, China National Center for International Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- SARI Center for Stem Cell and Nanomedicine, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Blij S, Parenti A, Tabatabai-Yazdi N, Ralston A. Cdx2 efficiently induces trophoblast stem-like cells in naïve, but not primed, pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1352-65. [PMID: 25625326 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse pluripotent stem cell lines have been derived from the mouse, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs), and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs). While all are pluripotent, these cell lines differ in terms of developmental origins, morphology, gene expression, and signaling, indicating that multiple pluripotent states exist. Whether and how the pluripotent state influences the cell line's developmental potential or the competence to respond to differentiation cues could help optimize directed differentiation protocols. To determine whether pluripotent stem cell lines differ in developmental potential, we compared the capacity of mouse ESCs, iPSCs, ECCs, and EpiSCs to form trophoblast. ESCs do not readily differentiate into trophoblast, but overexpression of the trophoblast-expressed transcription factor, CDX2, leads to efficient differentiation to trophoblast and to formation of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) in the presence of fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF4) and Heparin. Interestingly, we found that iPSCs and ECCs could both give rise to TSC-like cells following Cdx2 overexpression, suggesting that these cell lines are equivalent in developmental potential. By contrast, EpiSCs did not give rise to TSCs following Cdx2 overexpression, indicating that EpiSCs are no longer competent to respond to CDX2 by differentiating to trophoblast. In addition, we noted that culturing ESCs in conditions that promote naïve pluripotency improved the efficiency with which TSC-like cells could be derived. This work demonstrates that CDX2 efficiently induces trophoblast in more naïve than in primed pluripotent stem cells and that the pluripotent state can influence the developmental potential of stem cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Blij
- 1Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Anthony Parenti
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Neeloufar Tabatabai-Yazdi
- 1Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Amy Ralston
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Liu S, Bou G, Sun R, Guo S, Xue B, Wei R, Cooney AJ, Liu Z. Sox2 is the faithful marker for pluripotency in pig: evidence from embryonic studies. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:619-27. [PMID: 25619399 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian first lineage segregation generates trophectoderm (TE) and pluripotent inner cell mass (ICM), which provides an ideal model for studying the mechanisms of maintenance and loss of pluripotency. In mouse, the transcription factor OCT4 restricts to ICM and plays a key role in TE/ICM specification and pluripotent regulatory networks. However, in pig, OCT4 does not restrict to ICM cells, suggesting a different molecular basis in TE/ICM specification and pluripotent regulatory networks. RESULTS To explore molecular basis of porcine TE/ICM specification and pluripotent regulatory networks, we examined expression pattern of pluripotency factors, including SOX2, REX1, SALL4, ESG1, NANOG, TBX3, LIN28, KLF2, and KLF5, in porcine blastocysts. We found that SOX2 is a faithful pluripotent marker that anchored to the pluripotent cells including embryonic part cells, ICM cells and newly EPI cells along with developmental progress, whereas OCT4 expressed in almost all the cells at the same time. Consistently, analysis of spatiotemporal distribution of SOX2 and the TE marker CDX2 revealed an exclusive expression pattern in D6 blastocysts, whereas no correlation was observed between OCT4 and CDX2 at the same stage. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a molecular basis in porcine embryonic patterning and a clue for further studying porcine pluripotent regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Liu
- College of life science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin, China
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Rhee C, Lee BK, Beck S, Anjum A, Cook KR, Popowski M, Tucker HO, Kim J. Arid3a is essential to execution of the first cell fate decision via direct embryonic and extraembryonic transcriptional regulation. Genes Dev 2014; 28:2219-32. [PMID: 25319825 PMCID: PMC4201284 DOI: 10.1101/gad.247163.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite their origin from the inner cell mass, embryonic stem (ES) cells undergo differentiation to the trophectoderm (TE) lineage by repression of the ES cell master regulator Oct4 or activation of the TE master regulator Caudal-type homeobox 2 (Cdx2). In contrast to the in-depth studies of ES cell self-renewal and pluripotency, few TE-specific regulators have been identified, thereby limiting our understanding of mechanisms underlying the first cell fate decision. Here we show that up-regulation and nuclear entry of AT-rich interactive domain 3a (Arid3a) drives TE-like transcriptional programs in ES cells, maintains trophoblast stem (TS) cell self-renewal, and promotes further trophoblastic differentiation both upstream and independent of Cdx2. Accordingly, Arid3a(-/-) mouse post-implantation placental development is severely impaired, resulting in early embryonic death. We provide evidence that Arid3a directly activates TE-specific and trophoblast lineage-specific genes while directly repressing pluripotency genes via differential regulation of epigenetic acetylation or deacetylation. Our results identify Arid3a as a critical regulator of TE and placental development through execution of the commitment and differentiation phases of the first cell fate decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Rhee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology
| | - Bum-Kyu Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology
| | - Samuel Beck
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology
| | | | | | - Melissa Popowski
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology
| | - Haley O Tucker
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology,
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Kapere Ochieng J, Schilders K, Kool H, Buscop-van Kempen M, Boerema-De Munck A, Grosveld F, Wijnen R, Tibboel D, Rottier RJ. Differentiated type II pneumocytes can be reprogrammed by ectopic Sox2 expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107248. [PMID: 25210856 PMCID: PMC4161395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult lung contains several distinct stem cells, although their properties and full potential are still being sorted out. We previously showed that ectopic Sox2 expression in the developing lung manipulated the fate of differentiating cells. Here, we addressed the question whether fully differentiated cells could be redirected towards another cell type. Therefore, we used transgenic mice to express an inducible Sox2 construct in type II pneumocytes, which are situated in the distal, respiratory areas of the lung. Within three days after the induction of the transgene, the type II cells start to proliferate and form clusters of cuboidal cells. Prolonged Sox2 expression resulted in the reversal of the type II cell towards a more embryonic, precursor-like cell, being positive for the stem cell markers Sca1 and Ssea1. Moreover, the cells started to co-express Spc and Cc10, characteristics of bronchioalveolar stem cells. We demonstrated that Sox2 directly regulates the expression of Sca1. Subsequently, these cells expressed Trp63, a marker for basal cells of the trachea. So, we show that the expression of one transcription factor in fully differentiated, distal lung cells changes their fate towards proximal cells through intermediate cell types. This may have implications for regenerative medicine, and repair of diseased and damaged lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kapere Ochieng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kim Schilders
- Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heleen Kool
- Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjon Buscop-van Kempen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Boerema-De Munck
- Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Grosveld
- Department of Cell Biology of the Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rene Wijnen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert J. Rottier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology of the Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Efficient reprogramming of naïve-like induced pluripotent stem cells from porcine adipose-derived stem cells with a feeder-independent and serum-free system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85089. [PMID: 24465482 PMCID: PMC3896366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are somatic cells reprogrammed by ectopic expression of transcription factors or small molecule treatment, which resemble embryonic stem cells (ESCs). They hold great promise for improving the generation of genetically modified large animals. However, few porcine iPSCs (piPSCs) lines obtained currently can support development of cloned embryos. Here, we generated iPSCs from porcine adipose-derived stem cells (pADSCs), using drug-inducible expression of defined human factors (Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4). Reprogramming of iPSCs from pADSCs was more efficient than from fibroblasts, regardless of using feeder-independent or feeder-dependent manners. By addition of Lif-2i medium containing mouse Lif, CHIR99021 and PD0325901 (Lif-2i), naïve-like piPSCs were obtained under feeder-independent and serum-free conditions. These successfully reprogrammed piPSCs were characterized by short cell cycle intervals, alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining, expression of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, SSEA3 and SSEA4, and normal karyotypes. The resemblance of piPSCs to naïve ESCs was confirmed by their packed dome morphology, growth after single-cell dissociation, Lif-dependency, up-regulation of Stella and Eras, low expression levels of TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81 and MHC I and activation of both X chromosomes. Full reprogramming of naïve-like piPSCs was evaluated by the significant up-regulation of Lin28, Esrrb, Utf1 and Dppa5, differentiating into cell types of all three germ layers in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, nuclear transfer embryos from naïve-like piPSCs could develop to blastocysts with improved quality. Thus, we provided an efficient protocol for generating naïve-like piPSCs from pADSCs in a feeder-independent and serum-free system with controlled regulation of exogenous genes, which may facilitate optimization of culture media and the production of transgenic pigs.
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Radzisheuskaya A, Silva JCR. Do all roads lead to Oct4? the emerging concepts of induced pluripotency. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 24:275-84. [PMID: 24370212 PMCID: PMC3976965 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oct4 has unique and diverse functions in reprogramming. Oct4 is essential for lineage specification. Oct4 regulates multiple contrasting processes of cell identity change. Oct4 function may be regulated by cellular context and environment.
Pluripotent cells have the potential to differentiate into all of the cell types of an animal. This unique cell state is governed by an interconnected network of transcription factors. Among these, Oct4 plays an essential role both in the development of pluripotent cells in the embryo and in the self-renewal of its in vitro counterpart, embryonic stem (ES) cells. Furthermore, Oct4 is one of the four Yamanaka factors and its overexpression alone can generate induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Recent reports underscore Oct4 as an essential regulator of opposing cell state transitions, such as pluripotency establishment and differentiation into embryonic germ lineages. Here we discuss these recent studies and the potential mechanisms underlying these contrasting functions of Oct4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksandra Radzisheuskaya
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - José C R Silva
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
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Carey TS, Choi I, Wilson CA, Floer M, Knott JG. Transcriptional reprogramming and chromatin remodeling accompanies Oct4 and Nanog silencing in mouse trophoblast lineage. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 23:219-29. [PMID: 24059348 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mouse blastocysts, CDX2 plays a key role in silencing Oct4 and Nanog expression in the trophectoderm (TE) lineage. However, the underlying transcriptional and chromatin-based changes that are associated with CDX2-mediated repression are poorly understood. To address this, a Cdx2-inducible mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell line was utilized as a model system. Induction of Cdx2 expression resulted in a decrease in Oct4/Nanog expression, an increase in TE markers, and differentiation into trophoblast-like stem (TS-like) cells within 48 to 120 h. Consistent with the down-regulation of Oct4 and Nanog transcripts, a time-dependent increase in CDX2 binding and a decrease in RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and OCT4 binding was observed within 48 h (P<0.05). To test whether transcriptionally active epigenetic marks were erased during differentiation, histone H3K9/14 acetylation and two of its epigenetic modifiers were evaluated. Accordingly, a significant decrease in histone H3K9/14 acetylation and loss of p300 and HDAC1 binding at the Oct4 and Nanog regulatory elements was observed by 48 h. Accompanying these changes, there was a significant increase in total histone H3 and a loss of chromatin accessibility at both the Oct4 and Nanog regulatory elements (P<0.05), indicative of chromatin remodeling. Lastly, DNA methylation analysis revealed that methylation did not occur at Oct4 and Nanog until 96 to 120 h after induction of CDX2. In conclusion, our results show that silencing of Oct4 and Nanog is facilitated by sequential changes in transcription factor binding, histone acetylation, chromatin remodeling, and DNA methylation at core regulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Carey
- 1 Developmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan
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50
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Paul S, Knott JG. Epigenetic control of cell fate in mouse blastocysts: the role of covalent histone modifications and chromatin remodeling. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 81:171-82. [PMID: 23893501 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The first cell-fate decision in mammalian preimplantation embryos is the segregation of the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cell lineages. The ICM develops into the embryo proper, whereas the TE ensures embryo implantation and is the source of the extra-embryonic trophoblast cell lineages, which contribute to the functional components of the placenta. The development of a totipotent zygote into a multi-lineage blastocyst is associated with the generation of distinct transcriptional programs. Several key transcription factors participate in the ICM and TE-specific transcriptional networks, and recent studies indicate that post-translational histone modifications as well as ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes converge with these transcriptional networks to regulate ICM and TE lineage specification. This review will discuss our current understanding and future perspectives related to transcriptional and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that are implicated in the initial mammalian lineage commitment steps, with a focus on events in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Institute of Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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