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Wang T, Ling AH, Billings SE, Hosseini DK, Vaisbuch Y, Kim GS, Atkinson PJ, Sayyid ZN, Aaron KA, Wagh D, Pham N, Scheibinger M, Zhou R, Ishiyama A, Moore LS, Maria PS, Blevins NH, Jackler RK, Alyono JC, Kveton J, Navaratnam D, Heller S, Lopez IA, Grillet N, Jan TA, Cheng AG. Single-cell transcriptomic atlas reveals increased regeneration in diseased human inner ear balance organs. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4833. [PMID: 38844821 PMCID: PMC11156867 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian inner ear hair cell loss leads to permanent hearing and balance dysfunction. In contrast to the cochlea, vestibular hair cells of the murine utricle have some regenerative capacity. Whether human utricular hair cells regenerate in vivo remains unknown. Here we procured live, mature utricles from organ donors and vestibular schwannoma patients, and present a validated single-cell transcriptomic atlas at unprecedented resolution. We describe markers of 13 sensory and non-sensory cell types, with partial overlap and correlation between transcriptomes of human and mouse hair cells and supporting cells. We further uncover transcriptomes unique to hair cell precursors, which are unexpectedly 14-fold more abundant in vestibular schwannoma utricles, demonstrating the existence of ongoing regeneration in humans. Lastly, supporting cell-to-hair cell trajectory analysis revealed 5 distinct patterns of dynamic gene expression and associated pathways, including Wnt and IGF-1 signaling. Our dataset constitutes a foundational resource, accessible via a web-based interface, serving to advance knowledge of the normal and diseased human inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, PR China
| | - Angela H Ling
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sara E Billings
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Davood K Hosseini
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yona Vaisbuch
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Grace S Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Patrick J Atkinson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zahra N Sayyid
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ksenia A Aaron
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dhananjay Wagh
- Stanford Genomics Facility, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nicole Pham
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mirko Scheibinger
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ruiqi Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Akira Ishiyama
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lindsay S Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peter Santa Maria
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nikolas H Blevins
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Robert K Jackler
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer C Alyono
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - John Kveton
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Dhasakumar Navaratnam
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ivan A Lopez
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nicolas Grillet
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Taha A Jan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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2
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Shah JJ, Jimenez-Jaramillo CA, Lybrand ZR, Yuan TT, Erbele ID. Modern In Vitro Techniques for Modeling Hearing Loss. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:425. [PMID: 38790292 PMCID: PMC11118046 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a prevalent and growing global health concern, especially within operational medicine, with limited therapeutic options available. This review article explores the emerging field of in vitro otic organoids as a promising platform for modeling hearing loss and developing novel therapeutic strategies. SNHL primarily results from the irreversible loss or dysfunction of cochlear mechanosensory hair cells (HCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), emphasizing the need for innovative solutions. Current interventions offer symptomatic relief but do not address the root causes. Otic organoids, three-dimensional multicellular constructs that mimic the inner ear's architecture, have shown immense potential in several critical areas. They enable the testing of gene therapies, drug discovery for sensory cell regeneration, and the study of inner ear development and pathology. Unlike traditional animal models, otic organoids closely replicate human inner ear pathophysiology, making them invaluable for translational research. This review discusses methodological advances in otic organoid generation, emphasizing the use of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to replicate inner ear development. Cellular and molecular characterization efforts have identified key markers and pathways essential for otic organoid development, shedding light on their potential in modeling inner ear disorders. Technological innovations, such as 3D bioprinting and microfluidics, have further enhanced the fidelity of these models. Despite challenges and limitations, including the need for standardized protocols and ethical considerations, otic organoids offer a transformative approach to understanding and treating auditory dysfunctions. As this field matures, it holds the potential to revolutionize the treatment landscape for hearing and balance disorders, moving us closer to personalized medicine for inner ear conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J. Shah
- Department of Pathology, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, JBSA, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA;
| | - Couger A. Jimenez-Jaramillo
- Department of Pathology, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, JBSA, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA;
| | - Zane R. Lybrand
- Division of Biology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, TX 76204, USA;
| | - Tony T. Yuan
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (T.T.Y.); (I.D.E.)
| | - Isaac D. Erbele
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (T.T.Y.); (I.D.E.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, JBSA, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
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3
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Micaletti F, Escoffre JM, Kerneis S, Bouakaz A, Galvin JJ, Boullaud L, Bakhos D. Microbubble-assisted ultrasound for inner ear drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 204:115145. [PMID: 38042259 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Treating pathologies of the inner ear is a major challenge. To date, a wide range of procedures exists for administering therapeutic agents to the inner ear, with varying degrees of success. The key is to deliver therapeutics in a way that is minimally invasive, effective, long-lasting, and without adverse effects on vestibular and cochlear function. Microbubble-assisted ultrasound ("sonoporation") is a promising new modality that can be adapted to the inner ear. Combining ultrasound technology with microbubbles in the middle ear can increase the permeability of the round window, enabling therapeutic agents to be delivered safely and effectively to the inner ear in a targeted manner. As such, sonoporation is a promising new approach to treat hearing loss and vertigo. This review summarizes all studies on the delivery of therapeutic molecules to the inner ear using sonoporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Micaletti
- ENT and Cervico-Facial Surgery Department, University Hospital Center of Tours, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France.
| | | | - Sandrine Kerneis
- ENT and Cervico-Facial Surgery Department, University Hospital Center of Tours, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Ayache Bouakaz
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - John J Galvin
- Faculty of medicine, Université de Tours, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France; House Institute Foundation, 2100 W 3rd Street, Suite 111, Los Angeles, CA 90057, USA
| | - Luc Boullaud
- ENT and Cervico-Facial Surgery Department, University Hospital Center of Tours, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - David Bakhos
- ENT and Cervico-Facial Surgery Department, University Hospital Center of Tours, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Faculty of medicine, Université de Tours, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France; House Institute Foundation, 2100 W 3rd Street, Suite 111, Los Angeles, CA 90057, USA
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, a Stepping Stone to In Vitro Human Models of Hearing Loss. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203331. [PMID: 36291196 PMCID: PMC9600035 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most prevalent sensorineural impairment in humans. Yet despite very active research, no effective therapy other than the cochlear implant has reached the clinic. Main reasons for this failure are the multifactorial nature of the disorder, its heterogeneity, and a late onset that hinders the identification of etiological factors. Another problem is the lack of human samples such that practically all the work has been conducted on animals. Although highly valuable data have been obtained from such models, there is the risk that inter-species differences exist that may compromise the relevance of the gathered data. Human-based models are therefore direly needed. The irruption of human induced pluripotent stem cell technologies in the field of hearing research offers the possibility to generate an array of otic cell models of human origin; these may enable the identification of guiding signalling cues during inner ear development and of the mechanisms that lead from genetic alterations to pathology. These models will also be extremely valuable when conducting ototoxicity analyses and when exploring new avenues towards regeneration in the inner ear. This review summarises some of the work that has already been conducted with these cells and contemplates future possibilities.
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Lee MP, Waldhaus J. In vitro and in vivo models: What have we learnt about inner ear regeneration and treatment for hearing loss? Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 120:103736. [PMID: 35577314 PMCID: PMC9551661 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The sensory cells of the inner ear, called hair cells, do not regenerate spontaneously and therefore, hair cell loss and subsequent hearing loss are permanent in humans. Conversely, functional hair cell regeneration can be observed in non-mammalian vertebrate species like birds and fish. Also, during postnatal development in mice, limited regenerative capacity and the potential to isolate stem cells were reported. Together, these findings spurred the interest of current research aiming to investigate the endogenous regenerative potential in mammals. In this review, we summarize current in vitro based approaches and briefly introduce different in vivo model organisms utilized to study hair cell regeneration. Furthermore, we present an overview of the findings that were made synergistically using both, the in vitro and in vivo based tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary P Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joerg Waldhaus
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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6
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Aaron KA, Hosseini DK, Vaisbuch Y, Scheibinger M, Grillet N, Heller S, Wang T, Cheng AG. Selection Criteria Optimal for Recovery of Inner Ear Tissues From Deceased Organ Donors. Otol Neurotol 2022; 43:e507-e514. [PMID: 35120078 PMCID: PMC9527037 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify optimal conditions for recovering viable inner ear tissues from deceased organ donors. SETTING Tertiary recovery hospitals and Donor Network West Organ Recovery Center. INTERVENTIONS Recovering bilateral inner ear tissues and immunohistological analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Immunohistochemical analysis of utricles from human organ donors after brain death (DBD) or donors after cardiac death (DCD). RESULTS Vestibular tissues from 21 organ donors (39 ears) were recovered. Of these, 18 donors (33 utricles) were examined by immunofluorescence. The sensory epithelium was present in seven utricles (two from DBD and five from DCD). Relative to DBD utricles, DCD organs more commonly displayed dense populations of hair cells and supporting cells. Relative to DBD, DCD had significantly shorter postmortem interval time to tissue recovery (<48 h). Compared to donors with no sensory epithelium, donors with intact and viable sensory epithelium (both DCD and DBD) had significantly shorter lag time to resuscitation prior to hospital admission (6.4 ± 9.2 vs 35.6 ± 23.7 min, respectively) as well as a shorter time between pronouncements of death to organ recovery (22.6 ± 30.4 vs 64.8 ± 22.8 h, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Organ donors are a novel resource for bilateral inner ear organs. Selecting tissue donors within defined parameters can optimize the quality of recovered inner ear tissues, thereby facilitating future research investigating sensory and nonsensory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia A. Aaron
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Davood K. Hosseini
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack. New Jersey, USA
| | - Yona Vaisbuch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mirko Scheibinger
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nicolas Grillet
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alan G. Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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7
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Huang Y, Mao H, Chen Y. Regeneration of Hair Cells in the Human Vestibular System. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:854635. [PMID: 35401109 PMCID: PMC8987309 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.854635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The vestibular system is a critical part of the human balance system, malfunction of this system will lead to balance disorders, such as vertigo. Mammalian vestibular hair cells, the mechanical receptors for vestibular function, are sensitive to ototoxic drugs and virus infection, and have a limited restorative capacity after damage. Considering that no artificial device can be used to replace vestibular hair cells, promoting vestibular hair cell regeneration is an ideal way for vestibular function recovery. In this manuscript, the development of human vestibular hair cells during the whole embryonic stage and the latest research on human vestibular hair cell regeneration is summarized. The limitations of current studies are emphasized and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, ENT Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, ENT Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, ENT Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Chen,
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Langlie J, Finberg A, Bencie NB, Mittal J, Omidian H, Omidi Y, Mittal R, Eshraghi AA. Recent advancements in cell-based models for auditory disorders. BIOIMPACTS 2022; 12:155-169. [PMID: 35411298 PMCID: PMC8905588 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.23900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Cell-based models play an important role in understanding the pathophysiology and etiology of auditory disorders. For the auditory system, models have primarily focused on restoring inner and outer hair cells. However, they have largely underrepresented the surrounding structures and cells that support the function of the hair cells.
Methods: In this article, we will review recent advancements in the evolution of cell-based models of auditory disorders in their progression towards three dimensional (3D) models and organoids that more closely mimic the pathophysiology in vivo.
Results: With the elucidation of the molecular targets and transcription factors required to generate diverse cell lines of the components of inner ear, research is starting to progress from two dimensional (2D) models to a greater 3D approach. Of note, the 3D models of the inner ear, including organoids, are relatively new and emerging in the field. As 3D models of the inner ear continue to evolve in complexity, their role in modeling disease will grow as they bridge the gap between cell culture and in vivo models.
Conclusion: Using 3D cell models to understand the etiology and molecular mechanisms underlying auditory disorders holds great potential for developing more targeted and effective novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Langlie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ariel Finberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nathalie B. Bencie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Hossein Omidian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Adrien A. Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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van der Valk WH, Steinhart MR, Zhang J, Koehler KR. Building inner ears: recent advances and future challenges for in vitro organoid systems. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:24-34. [PMID: 33318601 PMCID: PMC7853146 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While inner ear disorders are common, our ability to intervene and recover their sensory function is limited. In vitro models of the inner ear, like the organoid system, could aid in identifying new regenerative drugs and gene therapies. Here, we provide a perspective on the status of in vitro inner ear models and guidance on how to improve their applicability in translational research. We highlight the generation of inner ear cell types from pluripotent stem cells as a particularly promising focus of research. Several exciting recent studies have shown how the developmental signaling cues of embryonic and fetal development can be mimicked to differentiate stem cells into “inner ear organoids” containing otic progenitor cells, hair cells, and neurons. However, current differentiation protocols and our knowledge of embryonic and fetal inner ear development in general, have a bias toward the sensory epithelia of the inner ear. We propose that a more holistic view is needed to better model the inner ear in vitro. Moving forward, attention should be made to the broader diversity of neuroglial and mesenchymal cell types of the inner ear, and how they interact in space or time during development. With improved control of epithelial, neuroglial, and mesenchymal cell fate specification, inner ear organoids would have the ability to truly recapitulate neurosensory function and dysfunction. We conclude by discussing how single-cell atlases of the developing inner ear and technical innovations will be critical tools to advance inner ear organoid platforms for future pre-clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter H van der Valk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Matthew R Steinhart
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Karl R Koehler
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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10
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Solis‐Castro OO, Boissonade FM, Rivolta MN. Establishment and neural differentiation of neural crest-derived stem cells from human dental pulp in serum-free conditions. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1462-1476. [PMID: 32633468 PMCID: PMC7581455 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of obtaining cell cultures with neural crest resemblance (neural crest-derived stem cells [NCSCs]) from dental-related tissues, including human dental pulp cells (hDPCs), has been discussed in the literature. However, most reports include the use of serum-rich conditions and do not describe the potential for neural differentiation, slowing translation to the clinic. Therefore, we aimed to culture and characterize NCSCs from the human dental pulp in vitro and evaluate their ability to differentiate into neurons; we also investigated the effectiveness of the addition of BMP4 to enhance this potential. Cultures were established from a varied cohort of patient samples and grown, as monolayers, in serum, serum-free, and also under sphere-aggregation conditions to induce and identify a NCSC phenotype. hDPC cultures were characterized by immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Monolayer cultures expressed stem cell, neural progenitor and neural crest-related markers. Culturing hDPCs as neurospheres (hDPC-NCSCs) resulted in an increased expression of neural crest-related genes, while the addition of BMP4 appeared to produce better NCSC characteristics and neural differentiation. The neural-like phenotype was evidenced by the expression of TUJ1, peripherin, NFH, TAU, SYN1, and GAP43. Our results describe the establishment of hDPC cultures from a large variety of patients in serum-free medium, as NCSC that differentiate into neural-like cells, as well as an important effect of BMP4 in enhancing the neural crest phenotype and differentiation of hDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar O. Solis‐Castro
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Fiona M. Boissonade
- School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Marcelo N. Rivolta
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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Mehri Ghahfarrokhi A, Jami MS, Hashemzadeh Chaleshtori M. Upregulation of Neuroprogenitor and Neural Markers via Enforced miR-124 and Growth Factor Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2020; 9:62-70. [PMID: 32832485 PMCID: PMC7422846 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.9.1.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that miR-124 plays an important role in the development of auditory neurons, which are degenerated in the sensorineural hearing loss. However, whether the combined use of miR-124 and growth factors can increase the expression of neural related markers in human dental pulp stem cells has been remained unknown so far. In this study, human dental pulp stem cells were transfected with miR-124 following treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor or epidermal growth factor/basic fibroblast growth factor. The expression of some neural related markers (nestin, SOX2, β-tubulin III, MAP2, and peripherin) was analyzed in two groups by qRT-PCR or immunofluorescence. Cellular treatment resulted in morphological changes including neurosphere-like colonies formation. Nestin and SOX2 were up-regulated, and MAP2 and peripherin were down-regulated in dental pulp stem cells transfected by miR-124 following treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Replacement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor with epidermal growth factor/ basic fibroblast growth factor resulted in the up-regulation of nestin, MAP2, peripherin, and β-tubulin III and down-regulation of SOX2. The expression of SOX2 and nestin was also confirmed by immunofluorescence. The combination of miR-124 and growth factors would provide a promising starting point for upregulating the neural progenitor markers in human dental pulp stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Mehri Ghahfarrokhi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Jami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Morteza Hashemzadeh Chaleshtori
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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12
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Magariños M, Barajas-Azpeleta R, Varela-Nieto I, R Aburto M. Otic Neurogenesis Is Regulated by TGFβ in a Senescence-Independent Manner. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:217. [PMID: 32973450 PMCID: PMC7461926 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence has classically been associated with aging. Intriguingly, recent studies have also unraveled key roles for senescence in embryonic development, regeneration, and reprogramming. Developmental senescence has been reported during embryonic development in different organisms and structures, such as the endolymphatic duct during inner ear development of mammals and birds. However, there is no study addressing the possible role of senescence on otic neurogenesis. TGFβ/SMAD is the best-known pathway linked to the induction of developmentally programmed cell senescence. Here, we studied if TGFβ2 induces cellular senescence during acoustic-vestibular-ganglion (AVG) formation. Using organotypic cultures of AVG, and characterizing different stages of otic neurogenesis in the presence of TGFβ2 and a selective TGF-β receptor type-I inhibitor, we show that TGFβ2 exerts a powerful action in inner ear neurogenesis but, contrary to what we recently observed during endolymphatic duct development, these actions are independent of cellular senescence. We show that TGFβ2 reduces proliferation, and induces differentiation and neuritogenesis of neuroblasts, without altering cell death. Our studies highlight the roles of TGFβ2 and cellular senescence in the precise regulation of cell fate within the developing inner ear and its different cell types, being their mechanisms of action highly cell-type dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Magariños
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research (CIBER) on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Barajas-Azpeleta
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research (CIBER) on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria R Aburto
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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13
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Durán-Alonso MB. Stem cell-based approaches: Possible route to hearing restoration? World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:422-437. [PMID: 32742560 PMCID: PMC7360988 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i6.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disabling hearing loss is the most common sensorineural disability worldwide. It affects around 466 million people and its incidence is expected to rise to around 900 million people by 2050, according to World Health Organization estimates. Most cases of hearing impairment are due to the degeneration of hair cells (HCs) in the cochlea, mechano-receptors that transduce incoming sound information into electrical signals that are sent to the brain. Damage to these cells is mainly caused by exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics and to some anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin, loud sounds, age, infections and genetic mutations. Hearing deficits may also result from damage to the spiral ganglion neurons that innervate cochlear HCs. Differently from what is observed in avian and non-mammalian species, there is no regeneration of missing sensory cell types in the adult mammalian cochlea, what makes hearing loss an irreversible process. This review summarizes the research that has been conducted with the aim of developing cell-based strategies that lead to sensory cell replacement in the adult cochlea and, ultimately, to hearing restoration. Two main lines of research are discussed, one directed toward the transplantation of exogenous replacement cells into the damaged tissue, and another that aims at reactivating the regenerative potential of putative progenitor cells in the adult inner ear. Results from some of the studies that have been conducted are presented and the advantages and drawbacks of the various approaches discussed.
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14
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Direct reprogramming adult fibroblast into cells with partial inner ear hair cell characteristics through cell activation and signal directed approach. Neurosci Lett 2020; 729:135010. [PMID: 32344104 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Loss of inner ear hair cell (HC) is an irreversible process in mammals and is the most common cause of human hearing and balance disorders especially in the elderly. Cell therapy based on highly scalable generation of HC linage and inner ear transplantation is one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for HC impairment. For fibroblast is quite abundant and readily available in human body, it is an ideal endogenous cell source to generate HC lineage for transplantation purpose. In the present study, by using a cell activation and signaling directed method, we demonstrate that adult fibroblast can be direct reprogrammed into a kind of cell which expresses lots of HC markers. At the same time, an intermediate progenitor stage exists during such a lineage conversion and activation of FGF pathway is critical for its formation. Although these reprogrammed cells still lack some of the key features of HC such as mechanosensitive ion channel hence have not acquired the functional properties of HC, the findings reported here raise the possibility of reprogramming endogenous fibroblasts into functional HC for regenerative purpose.
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15
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Generation of Otic Lineages from Integration-Free Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reprogrammed by mRNAs. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:3692937. [PMID: 32190057 PMCID: PMC7068143 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3692937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the sensory hair cells and the spiral ganglion neurons of the cochlea leads to deafness. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising tool to regenerate the cells in the inner ear that have been affected by pathology or have been lost. To facilitate the clinical application of iPSCs, the reprogramming process should minimize the risk of introducing undesired genetic alterations while conferring the cells the capacity to differentiate into the desired cell type. Currently, reprogramming induced by synthetic mRNAs is considered to be one of the safest ways of inducing pluripotency, as the transgenes are transiently delivered into the cells without integrating into the genome. In this study, we explore the ability of integration-free human-induced pluripotent cell lines that were reprogrammed by mRNAs, to differentiate into otic progenitors and, subsequently, into hair cell and neuronal lineages. hiPSC lines were induced to differentiate by culturing them in the presence of fibroblast growth factors 3 and 10 (FGF3 and FGF10). Progenitors were identified by quantitative microscopy, based on the coexpression of otic markers PAX8, PAX2, FOXG1, and SOX2. Otic epithelial progenitors (OEPs) and otic neuroprogenitors (ONPs) were purified and allowed to differentiate further into hair cell-like cells and neurons. Lineages were characterised by immunocytochemistry and electrophysiology. Neuronal cells showed inward Na+ (INa) currents and outward (Ik) and inward K+ (IK1) currents while hair cell-like cells had inward IK1 and outward delayed rectifier K+ currents, characteristic of developing hair cells. We conclude that human-induced pluripotent cell lines that have been reprogrammed using nonintegrating mRNAs are capable to differentiate into otic cell types.
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Senn P, Mina A, Volkenstein S, Kranebitter V, Oshima K, Heller S. Progenitor Cells from the Adult Human Inner Ear. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:461-470. [PMID: 31489779 PMCID: PMC7064943 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Loss of inner ear hair cells leads to incurable balance and hearing disorders because these sensory cells do not effectively regenerate in humans. A potential starting point for therapy would be the stimulation of quiescent progenitor cells within the damaged inner ear. Inner ear progenitor/stem cells, which have been described in rodent inner ears, would be principal candidates for such an approach. Despite the identification of progenitor cell populations in the human fetal cochlea and in the adult human spiral ganglion, no proliferative cell populations with the capacity to generate hair cells have been reported in vestibular and cochlear tissues of adult humans. The present study aimed at filling this gap by isolating colony-forming progenitor cells from surgery- and autopsy-derived adult human temporal bones in order to generate inner ear cell types in vitro. Sphere-forming and mitogen-responding progenitor cells were isolated from vestibular and cochlear tissues. Clonal spheres grown from adult human utricle and cochlear duct were propagated for a limited number of generations. When differentiated in absence of mitogens, the utricle-derived spheres robustly gave rise to hair cell-like cells, as well as to cells expressing supporting cell-, neuron-, and glial markers, indicating that the adult human utricle harbors multipotent progenitor cells. Spheres derived from the adult human cochlear duct did not give rise to hair cell-like or neuronal cell types, which is an indication that human cochlear cells have limited proliferative potential but lack the ability to differentiate into major inner ear cell types. Anat Rec, 303:461-470, 2020. © 2019 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Senn
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Service ORL & CCFUniversity hospital of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryInselspitalBernSwitzerland
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
| | - Amir Mina
- University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryInselspitalBernSwitzerland
- University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryAlexandria Faculty of MedicineAlexandriaEgypt
| | - Stefan Volkenstein
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryRuhr‐University of Bochum, St. Elisabeth‐HospitalBochumGermany
| | - Veronika Kranebitter
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Kazuo Oshima
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
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17
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Nyberg S, Abbott NJ, Shi X, Steyger PS, Dabdoub A. Delivery of therapeutics to the inner ear: The challenge of the blood-labyrinth barrier. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/482/eaao0935. [PMID: 30842313 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao0935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Permanent hearing loss affects more than 5% of the world's population, yet there are no nondevice therapies that can protect or restore hearing. Delivery of therapeutics to the cochlea and vestibular system of the inner ear is complicated by their inaccessible location. Drug delivery to the inner ear via the vasculature is an attractive noninvasive strategy, yet the blood-labyrinth barrier at the luminal surface of inner ear capillaries restricts entry of most blood-borne compounds into inner ear tissues. Here, we compare the blood-labyrinth barrier to the blood-brain barrier, discuss invasive intratympanic and intracochlear drug delivery methods, and evaluate noninvasive strategies for drug delivery to the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Nyberg
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - N Joan Abbott
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Xiaorui Shi
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Peter S Steyger
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alain Dabdoub
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
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18
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Van De Water TR. Historical Aspects of Gene Therapy and Stem Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Hearing and Balance Disorder. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:390-407. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Van De Water
- Cochlear Implant Research Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Ear InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
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19
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Gonmanee T, Sritanaudomchai H, Vongsavan K, Faisaikarm T, Songsaad A, White KL, Thonabulsombat C. Neuronal differentiation of dental pulp stem cells from human permanent and deciduous teeth following coculture with rat auditory brainstem slices. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:2931-2946. [PMID: 31930687 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is a common disability found worldwide which is associated with a degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons (SGN). It is a challenge to restore SGN due to the permanent degeneration and viability of SGN is requisite for patients to receive an advantage from hearing aid devices. Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are self-renewing stem cells that originate from the neural crest during development. These stem cells have a high potential for neuronal differentiation. This is primarily due to their multilineage differentiation potential and their relative ease of access. Previously, we have shown the ability of these stem cell types to differentiate into spiral ganglion neuron-like cells. In this study, we induced the cells into neural precursor cells (NPC) and cocultured with auditory brainstem slice (ABS) encompassing cochlear nucleus by the Stoppini method. We also investigated their ability to differentiate after 2 weeks and 4 weeks in coculture. Neuronal differentiation of DPSC-NPC and SHED-NPC was higher expression of specific markers to SGN, TrkB, and Gata3, compared to monoculture. The cells also highly expressed synaptic vesicle protein (SV2A) and exhibited intracellular calcium oscillations. Our findings demonstrated the possibility of using DPSCs and SHEDs as an autologous stem cell-based therapy for sensorineural hearing loss patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanasup Gonmanee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kutkao Vongsavan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tassanee Faisaikarm
- Reproductive Research Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Anupong Songsaad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kenneth L White
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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20
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Novel insights into inner ear development and regeneration for targeted hearing loss therapies. Hear Res 2019; 397:107859. [PMID: 31810596 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.107859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit in humans. Despite the global scale of the problem, only limited treatment options are available today. The mammalian inner ear is a highly specialized postmitotic organ, which lacks proliferative or regenerative capacity. Since the discovery of hair cell regeneration in non-mammalian species however, much attention has been placed on identifying possible strategies to reactivate similar responses in humans. The development of successful regenerative approaches for hearing loss strongly depends on a detailed understanding of the mechanisms that control human inner ear cellular specification, differentiation and function, as well as on the development of robust in vitro cellular assays, based on human inner ear cells, to study these processes and optimize therapeutic interventions. We summarize here some aspects of inner ear development and strategies to induce regeneration that have been investigated in rodents. Moreover, we discuss recent findings in human inner ear development and compare the results with findings from animal models. Finally, we provide an overview of strategies for in vitro generation of human sensory cells from pluripotent and somatic progenitors that may provide a platform for drug development and validation of therapeutic strategies in vitro.
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21
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Stem-cell therapy for hearing loss: are we there yet? Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 85:520-529. [PMID: 31186186 PMCID: PMC9443044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mammalian hair cells and auditory neurons do not show regenerative capacity. Hence, damage to these cell types is permanent and leads to hearing loss. However, there is no treatment that re-establishes auditory function. Regenerative therapies using stem cells represent a promising alternative. Objective This article aims to review the current literature about the main types of stem cells with potential for application in cell therapy for sensorineural hearing loss, the most relevant experiments already performed in animals, as well as the advances that have been recently made in the field. Methods Research included the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Science Direct and SciELO, as well as gray literature. Search strategy included the following main terms: “stem cells”, “hair cells” and “auditory neurons”. Additionally, the main terms were combined with the following secondary terms: “mesenchymal”, “iPS”, “inner ear”, “auditory”. The research was conducted independently by three researchers. Results Differentiation of stem cells into hair cells and auditory neurons has a high success rate, reaching up to 82% for the first and 100% for the latter. Remarkably, these differentiated cells are able to interact with hair cells and auditory neurons of cochlear explants through formation of new synapses. When transplanted into the cochlea of animals with hearing loss, auditory restoration has been documented to date only in deafferented animals. Conclusion Advances have been more prominent in cases of auditory neuropathy, since partial improvement of auditory nerve conditions through cell-based therapy may increase the number of patients who can successfully receive cochlear implants.
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Ma Y, Wise AK, Shepherd RK, Richardson RT. New molecular therapies for the treatment of hearing loss. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 200:190-209. [PMID: 31075354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 466 million people suffer from hearing loss worldwide. Sensorineural hearing loss is characterized by degeneration of key structures of the sensory pathway in the cochlea such as the sensory hair cells, the primary auditory neurons and their synaptic connection to the hair cells - the ribbon synapse. Various strategies to protect or regenerate these sensory cells and structures are the subject of intensive research. Yet despite recent advances in our understandings of the capacity of the cochlea for repair and regeneration there are currently no pharmacological or biological interventions for hearing loss. Current research focusses on localized cochlear drug, gene and cell-based therapies. One of the more promising drug-based therapies is based on neurotrophic factors for the repair of the ribbon synapse after noise exposure, as well as preventing loss of primary auditory neurons and regrowth of the auditory neuron fibers after severe hearing loss. Drug therapy delivery technologies are being employed to address the specific needs of neurotrophin and other therapies for hearing loss that include the need for high doses, long-term delivery, localised or cell-specific targeting and techniques for their safe and efficacious delivery to the cochlea. Novel biomaterials are enabling high payloads of drugs to be administered to the cochlea with subsequent slow-release properties that are proving to be beneficial for treating hearing loss. In parallel, new gene therapy technologies are addressing the need for cell specificity and high efficacy for the treatment of both genetic and acquired hearing loss with promising reports of hearing recovery. Some biomaterials and cell therapies are being used in conjunction with the cochlear implant ensuring therapeutic benefit to the primary neurons during electrical stimulation. This review will introduce the auditory system, hearing loss and the potential for repair and regeneration in the cochlea. Drug delivery to the cochlea will then be reviewed, with a focus on new biomaterials, gene therapy technologies, cell therapy and the use of the cochlear implant as a vehicle for drug delivery. With the current pre-clinical research effort into therapies for hearing loss, including clinical trials for gene therapy, the future for the treatment for hearing loss is looking bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Ma
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Chemical Engineering, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew K Wise
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Medical Bionics Department, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert K Shepherd
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Medical Bionics Department, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachael T Richardson
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Medical Bionics Department, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology, East Melbourne, Australia.
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Increased levels of miR-124 in human dental pulp stem cells alter the expression of neural markers. J Otol 2019; 14:121-127. [PMID: 32742271 PMCID: PMC7387844 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory neuropathy is the particular form of deafness in humans which cannot be treated by replacement therapy. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are derived from an ectomesenchymal neural crest cell population. Therefore, they possess a promising capacity for neuronal differentiation and repair. miR-124, a key regulator of neuronal development in the inner ear, is expressed at high levels in auditory and vestibular neurons. Here, we evaluated the possible effect of miR-124 in alteration of neural protein markers expression. Using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses and immunofluorescence staining, we studied the expression patterns of neural progenitor markers (Nestin, NOTCH1, and SOX2) and neural markers (β-tubulin III, GATA-3, and peripherin) upon transfection of hDPSCs with miR-124. The qRT-PCR results showed that Nestin was upregulated 6 h post-transfection. In contrast, Nestin expression exhibited a decreasing trend 24 h and 48 h post-transfection. Higher levels of β-tubulin III, 6 h and 16 h post transfection in RNA level as compared with control cells, were determined in transfected DPSCs. However, β-tubulin-III expression decreased 48 h post-transfection. The immunoflourescence results indicated that transfection of hDPSCs with miR-124, only affected Nestin among the studied neural progenitor and neural marker expression in protein level.
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Key Words
- DPSCs
- Nestin
- Sensorineural hearing loss
- Spiral ganglion neurons
- basic fibroblast growth factor, bFGF
- bone morphogenetic protein 4, BMP4
- bovin serum albumin, BSA
- brain derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF
- epidermal growth factor, EGF
- human dental pulp stem cells, hDPSCs
- miR-124
- neurotrophin-3, NT3
- quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, qRT-PCR
- sonic hedgehog, SHH
- spiral ganglion neurons, SGNs
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Molecular characterization and prospective isolation of human fetal cochlear hair cell progenitors. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4027. [PMID: 30279445 PMCID: PMC6168603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory hair cells located in the organ of Corti are essential for cochlear mechanosensation. Their loss is irreversible in humans resulting in permanent hearing loss. The development of therapeutic interventions for hearing loss requires fundamental knowledge about similarities and potential differences between animal models and human development as well as the establishment of human cell based-assays. Here we analyze gene and protein expression of the developing human inner ear in a temporal window spanning from week 8 to 12 post conception, when cochlear hair cells become specified. Utilizing surface markers for the cochlear prosensory domain, namely EPCAM and CD271, we purify postmitotic hair cell progenitors that, when placed in culture in three-dimensional organoids, regain proliferative potential and eventually differentiate to hair cell-like cells in vitro. These results provide a foundation for comparative studies with otic cells generated from human pluripotent stem cells and for establishing novel platforms for drug validation. Hearing requires mechanosensitive hair cells in the organ of Corti, which derive from progenitors of the cochlear duct. Here the authors examine human inner ear development by studying key developmental markers and describe organoid cultures from human cochlear duct progenitors for in vitro hair cell differentiation.
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Massucci-Bissoli M, Lezirovitz K, Oiticica J, Bento RF. Evidence of progenitor cells in the adult human cochlea: sphere formation and identification of ABCG2. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2017; 72:714-717. [PMID: 29236919 PMCID: PMC5707191 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2017(11)11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to search for evidence of stem or progenitor cells in the adult human cochlea by testing for sphere formation capacity and the presence of the stem cell marker ABCG2. METHODS Cochleas removed from patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma resection (n=2) and from brain-dead organ donors (n=4) were dissociated for either flow cytometry analysis for the stem cell marker ABCG2 or a sphere formation assay that is widely used to test the sphere-forming capacity of cells from mouse inner ear tissue. RESULTS Spheres were identified after 2-5 days in vitro, and the stem cell marker ABCG2 was detected using flow cytometric analysis after cochlear dissociation. CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests that there may be progenitor cells in the adult human cochlea, although further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Massucci-Bissoli
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding authors. E-mails: /
| | - Karina Lezirovitz
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding authors. E-mails: /
| | - Jeanne Oiticica
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Ricardo Ferreira Bento
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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Regenerative medicine in hearing recovery. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:909-915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hackelberg S, Tuck SJ, He L, Rastogi A, White C, Liu L, Prieskorn DM, Miller RJ, Chan C, Loomis BR, Corey JM, Miller JM, Duncan RK. Nanofibrous scaffolds for the guidance of stem cell-derived neurons for auditory nerve regeneration. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180427. [PMID: 28672008 PMCID: PMC5495534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) of the auditory nerve is a major cause for hearing loss occurring independently or in addition to sensory hair cell damage. Unfortunately, mammalian SGNs lack the potential for autonomous regeneration. Stem cell based therapy is a promising approach for auditory nerve regeneration, but proper integration of exogenous cells into the auditory circuit remains a fundamental challenge. Here, we present novel nanofibrous scaffolds designed to guide the integration of human stem cell-derived neurons in the internal auditory meatus (IAM), the foramen allowing passage of the spiral ganglion to the auditory brainstem. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) were differentiated into neural precursor cells (NPCs) and seeded onto aligned nanofiber mats. The NPCs terminally differentiated into glutamatergic neurons with high efficiency, and neurite projections aligned with nanofibers in vitro. Scaffolds were assembled by seeding GFP-labeled NPCs on nanofibers integrated in a polymer sheath. Biocompatibility and functionality of the NPC-seeded scaffolds were evaluated in vivo in deafened guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). To this end, we established an ouabain-based deafening procedure that depleted an average 72% of SGNs from apex to base of the cochleae and caused profound hearing loss. Further, we developed a surgical procedure to implant seeded scaffolds directly into the guinea pig IAM. No evidence of an inflammatory response was observed, but post-surgery tissue repair appeared to be facilitated by infiltrating Schwann cells. While NPC survival was found to be poor, both subjects implanted with NPC-seeded and cell-free control scaffolds showed partial recovery of electrically-evoked auditory brainstem thresholds. Thus, while future studies must address cell survival, nanofibrous scaffolds pose a promising strategy for auditory nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hackelberg
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Samuel J. Tuck
- Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare Center (VAAAHC), Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Long He
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou First Peoples' Hospital and First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Arjun Rastogi
- Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare Center (VAAAHC), Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Christina White
- Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare Center (VAAAHC), Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Liqian Liu
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Prieskorn
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. Miller
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare Center (VAAAHC), Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Che Chan
- Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare Center (VAAAHC), Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Benjamin R. Loomis
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Corey
- Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare Center (VAAAHC), Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Josef M. Miller
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - R. Keith Duncan
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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Matsuoka AJ, Morrissey ZD, Zhang C, Homma K, Belmadani A, Miller CA, Chadly DM, Kobayashi S, Edelbrock AN, Tanaka‐Matakatsu M, Whitlon DS, Lyass L, McGuire TL, Stupp SI, Kessler JA. Directed Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Toward Placode-Derived Spiral Ganglion-Like Sensory Neurons. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:923-936. [PMID: 28186679 PMCID: PMC5442760 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) from stem cells is a necessary prerequisite for development of cell-replacement therapies for sensorineural hearing loss. We present a protocol that directs human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) toward a purified population of otic neuronal progenitors (ONPs) and SGN-like cells. Between 82% and 95% of these cells express SGN molecular markers, they preferentially extend neurites to the cochlear nucleus rather than nonauditory nuclei, and they generate action potentials. The protocol follows an in vitro stepwise recapitulation of developmental events inherent to normal differentiation of hESCs into SGNs, resulting in efficient sequential generation of nonneuronal ectoderm, preplacodal ectoderm, early prosensory ONPs, late ONPs, and cells with cellular and molecular characteristics of human SGNs. We thus describe the sequential signaling pathways that generate the early and later lineage species in the human SGN lineage, thereby better describing key developmental processes. The results indicate that our protocol generates cells that closely replicate the phenotypic characteristics of human SGNs, advancing the process of guiding hESCs to states serving inner-ear cell-replacement therapies and possible next-generation hybrid auditory prostheses. © Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:923-936.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro J. Matsuoka
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryChicagoILUSA
- Department of Communication Sciences and DisordersChicagoILUSA
- Knowles Hearing CenterChicagoILUSA
| | | | - Chaoying Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryChicagoILUSA
| | - Kazuaki Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryChicagoILUSA
- Knowles Hearing CenterChicagoILUSA
| | - Abdelhak Belmadani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological ChemistryChicagoILUSA
| | | | - Duncan M. Chadly
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryChicagoILUSA
| | - Shun Kobayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryChicagoILUSA
| | | | | | - Donna S. Whitlon
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryChicagoILUSA
- Knowles Hearing CenterChicagoILUSA
| | - Ljuba Lyass
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringChicagoILUSA
| | | | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Department of MedicineChicagoILUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringChicagoILUSA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnologyChicagoILUSA
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringNorthwestern University
| | - John A. Kessler
- Department of NeurologyFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
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Tang ZH, Chen JR, Zheng J, Shi HS, Ding J, Qian XD, Zhang C, Chen JL, Wang CC, Li L, Chen JZ, Yin SK, Huang TS, Chen P, Guan MX, Wang JF. Genetic Correction of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells From a Deaf Patient With MYO7A Mutation Results in Morphologic and Functional Recovery of the Derived Hair Cell-Like Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:561-71. [PMID: 27013738 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The genetic correction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) induced from somatic cells of patients with sensorineural hearing loss (caused by hereditary factors) is a promising method for its treatment. The correction of gene mutations in iPSCs could restore the normal function of cells and provide a rich source of cells for transplantation. In the present study, iPSCs were generated from a deaf patient with compound heterozygous MYO7A mutations (c.1184G>A and c.4118C>T; P-iPSCs), the asymptomatic father of the patient (MYO7A c.1184G>A mutation; CF-iPSCs), and a normal donor (MYO7A(WT/WT); C-iPSCs). One of MYO7A mutation sites (c.4118C>T) in the P-iPSCs was corrected using CRISPR/Cas9. The corrected iPSCs (CP-iPSCs) retained cell pluripotency and normal karyotypes. Hair cell-like cells induced from CP-iPSCs showed restored organization of stereocilia-like protrusions; moreover, the electrophysiological function of these cells was similar to that of cells induced from C-iPSCs and CF-iPSCs. These results might facilitate the development of iPSC-based gene therapy for genetic disorders. SIGNIFICANCE Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from a deaf patient with compound heterozygous MYO7A mutations (c.1184G>A and c.4118C>T). One of the MYO7A mutation sites (c.4118C>T) in the iPSCs was corrected using CRISPR/Cas9. The genetic correction of MYO7A mutation resulted in morphologic and functional recovery of hair cell-like cells derived from iPSCs. These findings confirm the hypothesis that MYO7A plays an important role in the assembly of stereocilia into stereociliary bundles. Thus, the present study might provide further insight into the pathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss and facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies against monogenic disease through the genetic repair of patient-specific iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hua Tang
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Institute of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Song Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ding
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dan Qian
- The Affiliated Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ling Chen
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui-Cui Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Zhen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Wenling People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Kai Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao-Sheng Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Departments of Cell Biology and Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Institute of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Fu Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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30
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Induction of Functional Hair-Cell-Like Cells from Mouse Cochlear Multipotent Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:8197279. [PMID: 27057177 PMCID: PMC4709769 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8197279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we developed a two-step-induction method of generating functional hair cells from inner ear multipotent cells. Multipotent cells from the inner ear were established and induced initially into progenitor cells committed to the inner ear cell lineage on the poly-L-lysine substratum. Subsequently, the committed progenitor cells were cultured on the mitotically inactivated chicken utricle stromal cells and induced into hair-cell-like cells containing characteristic stereocilia bundles. The hair-cell-like cells exhibited rapid permeation of FM1-43FX. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to measure the membrane currents of cells differentiated for 7 days on chicken utricle stromal cells and analyze the biophysical properties of the hair-cell-like cells by recording membrane properties of cells. The results suggested that the hair-cell-like cells derived from inner ear multipotent cells were functional following differentiation in an enabling environment.
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31
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Kelly KM, Lalwani AK. On the Distant Horizon--Medical Therapy for Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2015; 48:1149-65. [PMID: 26409822 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit in developed societies. Hearing impairment in children, particularly of prelingual onset, has been shown to negatively affect educational achievement, future employment and earnings, and even life expectancy. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), which refers to defects within the cochlea or auditory nerve itself, far outweighs conductive causes for permanent hearing loss in both children and adults. The causes of SNHL in children are heterogeneous, including both congenital and acquired causes. This article identifies potential mechanisms of intervention both at the level of the hair cell and the spiral ganglion neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Kelly
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hinds Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anil K Lalwani
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, Harkness Pavilion, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Floor 7, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Gillespie LN, Richardson RT, Nayagam BA, Wise AK. Treating hearing disorders with cell and gene therapy. J Neural Eng 2015; 11:065001. [PMID: 25420002 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/11/6/065001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is an increasing problem for a substantial number of people and, with an aging population, the incidence and severity of hearing loss will become more significant over time. There are very few therapies currently available to treat hearing loss, and so the development of new therapeutic strategies for hearing impaired individuals is of paramount importance to address this unmet clinical need. Most forms of hearing loss are progressive in nature and therefore an opportunity exists to develop novel therapeutic approaches to slow or halt hearing loss progression, or even repair or replace lost hearing function. Numerous emerging technologies have potential as therapeutic options. This paper details the potential of cell- and gene-based therapies to provide therapeutic agents to protect sensory and neural cells from various insults known to cause hearing loss; explores the potential of replacing lost sensory and nerve cells using gene and stem cell therapy; and describes the considerations for clinical translation and the challenges that need to be overcome.
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33
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Almeida-Branco MS, Cabrera S, Lopez-Escamez JA. Perspectivas para el tratamiento de la hipoacusia neurosensorial mediante regeneración celular del oído interno. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2015; 66:286-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Perspectives for the Treatment of Sensorineural Hearing Loss by Cellular Regeneration of the Inner Ear. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineering using biocompatible scaffolds, with or without cells, can permit surgeons to restore structure and function following tissue resection or in cases of congenital abnormality. Tracheal regeneration has emerged as a spearhead application of these technologies, whilst regenerative therapies are now being developed to treat most other diseases within otolaryngology. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic review of the literature was performed using Ovid Medline and Ovid Embase, from database inception to 15 November 2014. A total of 561 papers matched the search criteria, with 76 fulfilling inclusion criteria. Articles were predominantly pre-clinical animal studies, reflecting the current status of research in this field. Several key human research articles were identified and discussed. CONCLUSION The main issues facing research in regenerative surgery are translation of animal model work into human models, increasing stem cell availability so it can be used to further research, and development of better facilities to enable implementation of these advances.
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Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common form of sensory impairment in humans and affects more than 40 million people in the United States alone. No drug-based therapy has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and treatment mostly relies on devices such as hearing aids and cochlear implants. Over recent years, more than 100 genetic loci have been linked to hearing loss and many of the affected genes have been identified. This understanding of the genetic pathways that regulate auditory function has revealed new targets for pharmacological treatment of the disease. Moreover, approaches that are based on stem cells and gene therapy, which may have the potential to restore or maintain auditory function, are beginning to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Müller
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Peter G Barr-Gillespie
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Vollum Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, 3181 South West Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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Gunewardene N, Bergen NV, Crombie D, Needham K, Dottori M, Nayagam BA. Directing human induced pluripotent stem cells into a neurosensory lineage for auditory neuron replacement. Biores Open Access 2014; 3:162-75. [PMID: 25126480 PMCID: PMC4120935 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging therapies for sensorineural hearing loss include replacing damaged auditory neurons (ANs) using stem cells. Ultimately, it is important that these replacement cells can be patient-matched to avoid immunorejection. As human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be obtained directly from the patient, they offer an opportunity to generate patient-matched neurons for transplantation. Here, we used an established neural induction protocol to differentiate two hiPSC lines (iPS1 and iPS2) and one human embryonic stem cell line (hESC; H9) toward a neurosensory lineage in vitro. Immunocytochemistry and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the expression of key markers involved in AN development at defined time points of differentiation. The hiPSC- and hESC-derived neurosensory progenitors expressed the dorsal hindbrain marker (PAX7), otic placodal marker (PAX2), proneurosensory marker (SOX2), ganglion neuronal markers (NEUROD1, BRN3A, ISLET1, ßIII-tubulin, Neurofilament kDa 160), and sensory AN markers (GATA3 and VGLUT1) over the time course examined. The hiPSC- and hESC-derived neurosensory progenitors had the highest expression levels of the sensory neural markers at 35 days in vitro. Furthermore, the neurons generated from this assay were found to be electrically active. While all cell lines analyzed produced functional neurosensory-like progenitors, variabilities in the levels of marker expression were observed between hiPSC lines and within samples of the same cell line, when compared with the hESC controls. Overall, these findings indicate that this neural assay was capable of differentiating hiPSCs toward a neurosensory lineage but emphasize the need for improving the consistency in the differentiation of hiPSCs into the required lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niliksha Gunewardene
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Melbourne , East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Van Bergen
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne , East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Duncan Crombie
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne , East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karina Needham
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Melbourne , East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mirella Dottori
- Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bryony A Nayagam
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne , East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia . ; Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia . ; Bionics Institute, University of Melbourne , East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit in humans, with some estimates suggesting up to 300 million affected individuals worldwide. Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to hearing loss and can cause death of sensory cells and neurons. Because these cells do not regenerate, the damage tends to accumulate, leading to profound deafness. Several biological strategies to restore auditory function are currently under investigation. Owing to the success of cochlear implants, which offer partial recovery of auditory function for some profoundly deaf patients, potential biological therapies must extend hearing restoration to include greater auditory acuity and larger patient populations. Here, we review the latest gene, stem-cell, and molecular strategies for restoring auditory function in animal models and the prospects for translating these approaches into viable clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle S G Géléoc
- Department of Otolaryngology, F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Hu Z, Ulfendahl M. The potential of stem cells for the restoration of auditory function in humans. Regen Med 2014; 8:309-18. [PMID: 23627825 DOI: 10.2217/rme.13.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is one of the most common disabilities, affecting approximately 10% of the population. Hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons are usually damaged in most cases of hearing loss. Currently, there is virtually no biological approach to replace damaged hearing cells. Recent developments in stem cell technology provide new opportunities for the treatment of deafness. Two major strategies have been investigated: differentiation of endogenous stem cells into new hair cells; and introduction of exogenous cells into the inner ear to substitute injured hearing neurons. Although there is still a learning curve in stem cell-based replacement, the probability exists to utilize personalized stem cells to eventually provide a novel intervention for patients with deafness in future clinical research trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Wayne State University, MI, USA.
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40
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Toward Translating Molecular Ear Development to Generate Hair Cells from Stem Cells. ADULT STEM CELLS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9569-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Needham K, Hyakumura T, Gunewardene N, Dottori M, Nayagam BA. Electrophysiological properties of neurosensory progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2013; 12:241-9. [PMID: 24280418 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In severe cases of sensorineural hearing loss where the numbers of auditory neurons are significantly depleted, stem cell-derived neurons may provide a potential source of replacement cells. The success of such a therapy relies upon producing a population of functional neurons from stem cells, to enable precise encoding of sound information to the brainstem. Using our established differentiation assay to produce sensory neurons from human stem cells, patch-clamp recordings indicated that all neurons examined generated action potentials and displayed both transient sodium and sustained potassium currents. Stem cell-derived neurons reliably entrained to stimuli up to 20 pulses per second (pps), with 50% entrainment at 50 pps. A comparison with cultured primary auditory neurons indicated similar firing precision during low-frequency stimuli, but significant differences after 50 pps due to differences in action potential latency and width. The firing properties of stem cell-derived neurons were also considered relative to time in culture (31-56 days) and revealed no change in resting membrane potential, threshold or firing latency over time. Thus, while stem cell-derived neurons did not entrain to high frequency stimulation as effectively as mammalian auditory neurons, their electrical phenotype was stable in culture and consistent with that reported for embryonic auditory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Needham
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Level 2, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Level 4, Clinical Sciences Building, 29 Regent Street, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia.
| | - Tomoko Hyakumura
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Level 2, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.
| | - Niliksha Gunewardene
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Level 2, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.
| | - Mirella Dottori
- Centre for Neural Engineering, NICTA, University of Melbourne, 203 Bouverie Street, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Bryony A Nayagam
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Level 2, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Melbourne, 550 Swanston Street, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Bionics Institute, 384-388 Albert Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.
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Hu Z, Luo X, Zhang L, Lu F, Dong F, Monsell E, Jiang H. Generation of human inner ear prosensory-like cells via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Regen Med 2013; 7:663-73. [PMID: 22954437 DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify human hair cell progenitors from adult inner ear sensory epithelium. MATERIALS & METHODS We collected discarded utricles from translabyrinthine surgery and isolated human utricular sensory epithelial cells (HUCs) to explore whether they can proliferate and obtain features of stem/progenitor cells in vitro using reverse transcription PCR and immunofluorescence. RESULTS When cultured in vitro, HUCs expressed genes and proteins that are usually present in prosensory cells and stem cells. Additionally, dissociated HUCs expanded on the substrates and presented properties of mesenchymal cells via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSION The results reveal that sensory epithelial cells from the adult human inner ear can re-enter the cell cycle and adopt a stem/progenitor cell fate. The outcomes of this study may open avenues for human hair cell progenitor generation, which could potentially provide a novel stem cell-based replacement for hearing loss and other inner ear disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Boddy SL, Chen W, Romero-Guevara R, Kottam L, Bellantuono I, Rivolta MN. Inner ear progenitor cells can be generated in vitro from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Regen Med 2013; 7:757-67. [PMID: 23164077 DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can generate sensory neurons and produce inner ear hair cell-like cells. An equivalent source from humans is highly desirable, given their potential application in patient-specific regenerative therapies for deafness. In this study, we explored the ability of human MSCs (hMSCs) to differentiate into otic lineages. MATERIALS & METHODS hMSCs were exposed to culture media conditioned by human fetal auditory stem cells. RESULTS Conditioned media induced the expression of otic progenitor markers PAX8, PAX2, GATA3 and SOX2. After 4 weeks, cells coexpressed ATOH1, MYO7A and POU4F3 (indicators of hair cell lineage) or neuronal markers NEUROG1, POU4F1 and NEFH. Inhibition of WNT signaling prevented differentiation into otic progenitors, while WNT activation partially phenocopied results seen with the conditioned media. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that hMSCs can be driven to express key genes found in the otic lineages and thereby promotes their status as candidates for regenerative therapies for deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Boddy
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Durán Alonso MB, Feijoo-Redondo A, Conde de Felipe M, Carnicero E, García AS, García-Sancho J, Rivolta MN, Giráldez F, Schimmang T. Generation of inner ear sensory cells from bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. Regen Med 2013; 7:769-83. [PMID: 23164078 DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Hearing loss is the most common sensory disorder in humans, its main cause being the loss of cochlear hair cells. We studied the potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to differentiate towards hair cells and auditory neurons. MATERIALS & METHODS hMSCs were first differentiated to neural progenitors and subsequently to hair cell- or auditory neuron-like cells using in vitro culture methods. RESULTS Differentiation of hMSCs to an intermediate neural progenitor stage was critical for obtaining inner ear sensory lineages. hMSCs generated hair cell-like cells only when neural progenitors derived from nonadherent hMSC cultures grown in serum-free medium were exposed to EGF and retinoic acid. Auditory neuron-like cells were obtained when treated with retinoic acid, and in the presence of defined growth factor combinations containing Sonic Hedgehog. CONCLUSION The results show the potential of hMSCs to give rise to inner ear sensory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beatriz Durán Alonso
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Sanz y Forés 3, E-47003, Valladolid, Spain.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION For most types of hearing impairments, a definitive therapy would rest on the ability to restore hair cells and the spiral ganglion neurons. The only established technique to treat deafness is based on the functional replacement of hair cells with a cochlear implant, but this still has important limitations. SOURCES OF DATA A systematic revision of the relevant literature is presented. AREAS OF AGREEMENT New curative strategies, ranging from stem cells to gene and molecular therapy, are under development. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Although still experimental, they have delivered some initial promissory results that allow us to look at them with cautious optimism. GROWING POINTS The isolation of human auditory cells, the generation of protocols to control their differentiation into sensory lineages, their promising application in vivo and the identification of key genes to target molecularly offer an exciting landscape. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH In this chapter, I discuss the latest advances in the field and how they are being translated into a clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo N Rivolta
- University of Sheffield, Firth Court Bldg, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK.
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46
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Jongkamonwiwat N, Rivolta MN. The Development of a Stem Cell Therapy for Deafness. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Needham K, Minter RL, Shepherd RK, Nayagam BA. Challenges for stem cells to functionally repair the damaged auditory nerve. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:85-101. [PMID: 23094991 PMCID: PMC3543850 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.728583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the auditory system, a specialized subset of sensory neurons are responsible for correctly relaying precise pitch and temporal cues to the brain. In individuals with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing impairment these sensory auditory neurons can be directly stimulated by a cochlear implant, which restores sound input to the brainstem after the loss of hair cells. This neural prosthesis therefore depends on a residual population of functional neurons in order to function effectively. AREAS COVERED In severe cases of sensorineural hearing loss where the numbers of auditory neurons are significantly depleted, the benefits derived from a cochlear implant may be minimal. One way in which to restore function to the auditory nerve is to replace these lost neurons using differentiated stem cells, thus re-establishing the neural circuit required for cochlear implant function. Such a therapy relies on producing an appropriate population of electrophysiologically functional neurons from stem cells, and on these cells integrating and reconnecting in an appropriate manner in the deaf cochlea. EXPERT OPINION Here we review progress in the field to date, including some of the key functional features that stem cell-derived neurons would need to possess and how these might be enhanced using electrical stimulation from a cochlear implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Needham
- University of Melbourne, Department of Otolaryngology, East Melbourne, Australia.
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Gunewardene N, Dottori M, Nayagam BA. The convergence of cochlear implantation with induced pluripotent stem cell therapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:741-54. [PMID: 21956409 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
According to 2010 estimates from The National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, approximately 17% (36 million) American adults have reported some degree of hearing loss. Currently, the only clinical treatment available for those with severe-to-profound hearing loss is a cochlear implant, which is designed to electrically stimulate the auditory nerve in the absence of hair cells. Whilst the cochlear implant has been revolutionary in terms of providing hearing to the severe-to-profoundly deaf, there are variations in cochlear implant performance which may be related to the degree of degeneration of auditory neurons following hearing loss. Hence, numerous experimental studies have focused on enhancing the efficacy of cochlear implants by using neurotrophins to preserve the auditory neurons, and more recently, attempting to replace these dying cells with new neurons derived from stem cells. As a result, several groups are now investigating the potential for both embryonic and adult stem cells to replace the degenerating sensory elements in the deaf cochlea. Recent advances in our knowledge of stem cells and the development of induced pluripotency by Takahashi and Yamanaka in 2006, have opened a new realm of science focused on the use of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells for therapeutic purposes. This review will provide a broad overview of the potential benefits and challenges of using iPS cells in combination with a cochlear implant for the treatment of hearing loss, including differentiation of iPS cells into an auditory neural lineage and clinically relevant transplantation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niliksha Gunewardene
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Nayagam BA, Edge AS, Needham K, Hyakumura T, Leung J, Nayagam DAX, Dottori M. An in vitro model of developmental synaptogenesis using cocultures of human neural progenitors and cochlear explants. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:901-12. [PMID: 23078657 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the sensory hair cells and auditory neurons do not spontaneously regenerate and their loss results in permanent hearing impairment. Stem cell therapy is one emerging strategy that is being investigated to overcome the loss of sensory cells after hearing loss. To successfully replace auditory neurons, stem cell-derived neurons must be electrically active, capable of organized outgrowth of processes, and of making functional connections with appropriate tissues. We have developed an in vitro assay to test these parameters using cocultures of developing cochlear explants together with neural progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We found that these neural progenitors are electrically active and extend their neurites toward the sensory hair cells in cochlear explants. Importantly, this neurite extension was found to be significantly greater when neural progenitors were predifferentiated toward a neural crest-like lineage. When grown in coculture with hair cells only (denervated cochlear explants), stem cell-derived processes were capable of locating and growing along the hair cell rows in an en passant-like manner. Many presynaptic terminals (synapsin 1-positive) were observed between hair cells and stem cell-derived processes in vitro. These results suggest that differentiated hESC-derived neural progenitors may be useful for developing therapies directed at auditory nerve replacement, including complementing emerging hair cell regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony A Nayagam
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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Lou XX, Nakagawa T, Ohnishi H, Nishimura K, Ito J. Otospheres derived from neonatal mouse cochleae retain the progenitor cell phenotype after ex vivo expansions. Neurosci Lett 2012; 534:18-23. [PMID: 23238450 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Because of their limited regenerative potential, cochlear hair cell loss is one of the major causes of permanent hearing loss in mammals. However, recent studies have shown that postnatal cochlear epithelia retain the progenitor cells that form otospheres. Otospheres are capable of self-renewing and differentiating into inner ear cell lineages, thereby suggesting a promising source for hair cell regeneration. We investigated retention of the progenitor cell phenotype in otospheres after ex vivo expansion, which is crucial for transplantation approaches. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical analyses showed that otospheres derived from neonatal mice retained expression of stem and cochlear cell markers. After in vitro differentiation, otosphere-consisting cells differentiated into hair cell phenotypes after ex vivo expansion. However, the capacity of otospheres for self-renewal weakened with subsequent generations of ex vivo expansion. Our results indicate that ex vivo expanded-otospheres are useful experimental tools for studying hair cell regeneration in transplantation approaches and that the mechanisms for retention of the progenitor cell phenotype in otospheres should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Xin Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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