1
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Abbasi N, O'Neill H. Cytocompatibility of electrospun poly-L-lactic acid membranes for Bruch's membrane regeneration using human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:1902-1920. [PMID: 38726752 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy is under development for dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A thin membrane resembling the Bruch's membrane is required to form a cell-on-membrane construct with retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. These cells have been differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in vitro. A carrier membrane is required for cell implantation, which is biocompatible for cell growth and has dimensions and physical properties resembling the Bruch's membrane. Here a nanofiber electrospun poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) membrane is tested for capacity to support cell growth and maturation. The requirements for laminin coating of the membrane are identified here. A porous electrospun nanofibrous PLLA membrane of ∼50 nm fiber diameter was developed as a prototype support for functional RPE cells grown as a monolayer. The need for laminin coating applied to the membrane following treatment with poly-L-ornithine (PLO), was identified in terms of cell growth and survival. Test membranes were compared in terms of hydrophilicity after laminin coating, mechanical properties of surface roughness and Young's modulus, porosity and ability to promote the attachment and proliferation of hESC-RPE cells in culture for up to 8 weeks. Over this time, RPE cell proliferation, morphology, and marker and gene expression, were monitored. The functional capacity of cell monolayers was identified in terms of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), phagocytosis of cells, as well as expression of the cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). PLLA polymer fibers are naturally hydrophobic, so their hydrophilicity was improved by pretreatment with PLO for subsequent coating with the bioactive protein laminin. They were then assessed for amount of laminin adsorbed, contact angle and uniformity of coating using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pretreatment with 100% PLO gave the best result over 10% PLO treatment or no treatment prior to laminin adsorption with significantly greater surface stiffness and modulus. By 6 weeks after cell plating, the coated membranes could support a mature RPE monolayer showing a dense apical microvillus structure and pigmented 3D polygonal cell morphology. After 8 weeks, PLO (100%)-Lam coated membranes exhibited the highest cell number, cell proliferation, and RPE barrier function measured as TEER. RPE cells showed the higher levels of specific surface marker and gene expression. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression was highly upregulated indicating maturation of cells. Functionality of cells was indicated by expression of VEGF and PEDF genes as well as phagocytic capacity. In conclusion, electrospun PLLA membranes coated with PLO-Lam have the physical and biological properties to support the distribution and migration of hESC-RPE cells throughout the whole structure. They represent a good membrane candidate for preparation of hESC-RPE cells as a monolayer for implantation into the subretinal space of AMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Abbasi
- Clem Jones Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen O'Neill
- Clem Jones Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Kurzawa-Akanbi M, Tzoumas N, Corral-Serrano JC, Guarascio R, Steel DH, Cheetham ME, Armstrong L, Lako M. Pluripotent stem cell-derived models of retinal disease: Elucidating pathogenesis, evaluating novel treatments, and estimating toxicity. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 100:101248. [PMID: 38369182 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Blindness poses a growing global challenge, with approximately 26% of cases attributed to degenerative retinal diseases. While gene therapy, optogenetic tools, photosensitive switches, and retinal prostheses offer hope for vision restoration, these high-cost therapies will benefit few patients. Understanding retinal diseases is therefore key to advance effective treatments, requiring in vitro models replicating pathology and allowing quantitative assessments for drug discovery. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provide a unique solution given their limitless supply and ability to differentiate into light-responsive retinal tissues encompassing all cell types. This review focuses on the history and current state of photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell generation from PSCs. We explore the applications of this technology in disease modelling, experimental therapy testing, biomarker identification, and toxicity studies. We consider challenges in scalability, standardisation, and reproducibility, and stress the importance of incorporating vasculature and immune cells into retinal organoids. We advocate for high-throughput automation in data acquisition and analyses and underscore the value of advanced micro-physiological systems that fully capture the interactions between the neural retina, RPE, and choriocapillaris.
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3
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Rzhanova LA, Markitantova YV, Aleksandrova MA. Recent Achievements in the Heterogeneity of Mammalian and Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium: In Search of a Stem Cell. Cells 2024; 13:281. [PMID: 38334673 PMCID: PMC10854871 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are important fundamentally for the development and function of the retina. In this regard, the study of the morphological and molecular properties of RPE cells, as well as their regenerative capabilities, is of particular importance for biomedicine. However, these studies are complicated by the fact that, despite the external morphological similarity of RPE cells, the RPE is a population of heterogeneous cells, the molecular genetic properties of which have begun to be revealed by sequencing methods only in recent years. This review carries out an analysis of the data from morphological and molecular genetic studies of the heterogeneity of RPE cells in mammals and humans, which reveals the individual differences in the subpopulations of RPE cells and the possible specificity of their functions. Particular attention is paid to discussing the properties of "stemness," proliferation, and plasticity in the RPE, which may be useful for uncovering the mechanisms of retinal diseases associated with pathologies of the RPE and finding new ways of treating them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuliya V. Markitantova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (L.A.R.); (M.A.A.)
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Liang H, Wu Q, Guo XV, Chan L, Mao T, Stella C, Guilbaud A, Camperi J. Comprehensive Analysis of Photoreceptor Outer Segments: Flow Cytometry Characterization and Stress-Driven Impact on Retinal Pigment Epithelium Phagocytosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12889. [PMID: 37629070 PMCID: PMC10454439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is one of the key functions of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, which maintain photoreceptor health by removing photoreceptor outer segments (POSs) that are regularly shed. A deficiency in RPE function to phagocytose POSs may lead to vision loss in inherited retinal diseases and eventually to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with geographic atrophy. Significant progress has been made in the field of cell replacement therapy for AMD using stem-cell-derived RPE. To test their function, RPE cells are incubated with purified bovine POSs for the demonstration of efficient binding, internalization, and digestion of POSs. Here, we present an image-based method to measure phagocytosis activity by using POSs labeled with a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye, which has low fluorescence at neutral pH outside of the cell and high fluorescence at low pH inside the phagosome. Further, we introduce a unique flow-cytometry-based method for the characterization of POSs by measuring specific markers for POSs such as rhodopsin and opsin. Using this method, we demonstrated a comparable quality of several bovine POS isolation batches and a reliable assessment of POS quality on RPE phagocytosis assay performance when subjected to different stress conditions. This work provides new tools to characterize POSs and insight into RPE phagocytosis assay development for the functional evaluation of RPE cells in the field of cell replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqian Liang
- Cell Therapy Engineering and Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (H.L.); (Q.W.); (X.V.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Qiang Wu
- Cell Therapy Engineering and Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (H.L.); (Q.W.); (X.V.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Xinzheng Victor Guo
- Cell Therapy Engineering and Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (H.L.); (Q.W.); (X.V.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Linda Chan
- Cell Therapy Engineering and Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (H.L.); (Q.W.); (X.V.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Tin Mao
- Cell Therapy Engineering and Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (H.L.); (Q.W.); (X.V.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Cinzia Stella
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Axel Guilbaud
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Julien Camperi
- Cell Therapy Engineering and Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (H.L.); (Q.W.); (X.V.G.); (L.C.)
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5
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Liu H, Li Y, Peng T, Xue S. Transmembrane potential, an indicator in situ reporting cellular senescence and stress response in plant tissues. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:27. [PMID: 36945027 PMCID: PMC10029184 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant cells usually sustain a stable membrane potential due to influx and/or efflux of charged ions across plasma membrane. With the growth and development of plants, different tissues and cells undergo systemic or local programmed decline. Whether the membrane potential of plasma membrane could report senescence signal of plant tissues and cells is unclear. RESULTS We applied a maneuverable transmembrane potential (TMP) detection method with patch-clamp setup to examine the senescence signal of leaf tissue cells in situ over the whole life cycle in Arabidopsis thaliana. The data showed that the TMPs of plant tissues and cells were varied at different growth stages, and the change of TMP was higher at the vegetative growth stage than at the reproductive stage of plant growth. The distinct change of TMP was detectable between the normal and the senescent tissues and cells in several plant species. Moreover, diverse abiotic stimuli, such as heat stress, hyperpolarized the TMP in a short time, followed by depolarized membrane potential with the senescence occurring. We further examined the TMP of plant chloroplasts, which also indicates the senescence signal in organelles. CONCLUSIONS This convenient TMP detection method can report the senescence signal of plant tissues and cells, and can also indicate the potential of plant tolerance to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yufei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ting Peng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shaowu Xue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Liu Q, Liu J, Higuchi A. hPSC-derived RPE transplantation for the treatment of macular degeneration. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 199:227-269. [PMID: 37678973 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Macular degeneration (MD) is a group of diseases characterized by irreversible and progressive vision loss. Patients with MD suffer from severely impaired central vision, especially elderly people. Currently, only one type of MD, wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), can be treated with anti-vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) drugs. Other types of MD remain difficult to treat. With the advent of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and their differentiation into retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), it is promising to treat patients with MD by transplantation of hPSC-derived RPE into the subretinal space. In this review, the current progress in hPSC-derived RPE transplantation for the treatment of patients with MD is described from bench to bedside, including hPSC differentiation into RPE and the characterization and usage of hPSC-derived RPE for transplantation into patients with MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Akon Higuchi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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7
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Saha B, Roy A, Beltramo E, Sahoo OS. Stem cells and diabetic retinopathy: From models to treatment. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4517-4526. [PMID: 36842153 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a common yet complex microvascular disease, caused as a complication of diabetes mellitus. Associated with hyperglycemia and subsequent metabolic abnormalities, advanced stages of the disease lead to fibrosis, subsequent visual impairment and blindness. Though clinical postmortems, animal and cell models provide information about the progression and prognosis of diabetic retinopathy, its underlying pathophysiology still needs a better understanding. In addition to it, the loss of pericytes, immature retinal angiogenesis and neuronal apoptosis portray the disease treatment to be challenging. Indulged with cell loss of both vascular and neuronal type cells, novel therapies like cell replacement strategies by various types of stem cells have been sightseen as a possible treatment of the disease. This review provides insight into the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy, current models used in modelling the disease, as well as the varied aspects of stem cells in generating three-dimensional retinal models. Further outlook on stem cell therapy and the future directions of stem cell treatment in diabetic retinopathy have also been contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihan Saha
- National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Akshita Roy
- Autonomous State Medical College, Fatehpur, 212601, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Elena Beltramo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - Om Saswat Sahoo
- National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India.
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8
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Kong Y, Liu P, Li Y, Nolan ND, Quinn PMJ, Hsu C, Jenny LA, Zhao J, Cui X, Chang Y, Wert KJ, Sparrow JR, Wang N, Tsang SH. HIF2α activation and mitochondrial deficit due to iron chelation cause retinal atrophy. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16525. [PMID: 36645044 PMCID: PMC9906391 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron accumulation causes cell death and disrupts tissue functions, which necessitates chelation therapy to reduce iron overload. However, clinical utilization of deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator, has been documented to give rise to systemic adverse effects, including ocular toxicity. This study provided the pathogenic and molecular basis for DFO-related retinopathy and identified retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as the target tissue in DFO-related retinopathy. Our modeling demonstrated the susceptibility of RPE to DFO compared with the neuroretina. Intriguingly, we established upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 2α and mitochondrial deficit as the most prominent pathogenesis underlying the RPE atrophy. Moreover, suppressing hyperactivity of HIF2α and preserving mitochondrial dysfunction by α-ketoglutarate (AKG) protects the RPE against lesions both in vitro and in vivo. This supported our observation that AKG supplementation alleviates visual impairment in a patient undergoing DFO-chelation therapy. Overall, our study established a significant role of iron deficiency in initiating DFO-related RPE atrophy. Inhibiting HIF2α and rescuing mitochondrial function by AKG protect RPE cells and can potentially ameliorate patients' visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Pei‐Kang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of OphthalmologyKaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Nicholas D Nolan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied ScienceColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Peter M J Quinn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Chun‐Wei Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Laura A Jenny
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Xuan Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ya‐Ju Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Katherine J Wert
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- The Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Janet R Sparrow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Nan‐Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
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9
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Abstract
Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with complete penetrance affecting the macula. This is caused by a mutation in the TIMP-3. This objective narrative review aims to provide an overview of the pathophysiology, current treatment modalities, and future perspectives. A literature search was performed using "PubMed," "Web of Science," "Scopus," "ScienceDirect," "Google Scholar," "medRxiv," and "bioRxiv." The molecular mechanisms underlying SFD are not completely understood. Novel advancements in cell culture techniques, including induced pluripotent stem cells, may enable more reliable modeling of SFD. These cell culture techniques aim to shed more light on the pathophysiology of SFD, and hopefully, this may lead to the future development of treatment strategies for SFD. Currently, no gene therapy is available. The main treatment is the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF) to treat secondary choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV), which is a major complication observed in this condition. If CNV is detected and treated promptly, patients with SFD have a good chance of maintaining a functional central vision. Other treatment modalities have been tried but have shown limited benefit, and therefore, have not managed to be more widely accepted. In summary, although there is no definitive cure yet, the use of anti-VEGF treatment for secondary CNV has provided the opportunity to maintain functional vision in individuals with SFD, provided CNV is detected and treated early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsokolas
- Medical Retina and Uveitis Fellow, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Fabre M, Mateo L, Lamaa D, Baillif S, Pagès G, Demange L, Ronco C, Benhida R. Recent Advances in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Therapies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165089. [PMID: 36014339 PMCID: PMC9414333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was described for the first time in the 1840s and is currently the leading cause of blindness for patients over 65 years in Western Countries. This disease impacts the eye’s posterior segment and damages the macula, a retina section with high levels of photoreceptor cells and responsible for the central vision. Advanced AMD stages are divided into the atrophic (dry) form and the exudative (wet) form. Atrophic AMD consists in the progressive atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the outer retinal layers, while the exudative form results in the anarchic invasion by choroidal neo-vessels of RPE and the retina. This invasion is responsible for fluid accumulation in the intra/sub-retinal spaces and for a progressive dysfunction of the photoreceptor cells. To date, the few existing anti-AMD therapies may only delay or suspend its progression, without providing cure to patients. However, in the last decade, an outstanding number of research programs targeting its different aspects have been initiated by academics and industrials. This review aims to bring together the most recent advances and insights into the mechanisms underlying AMD pathogenicity and disease evolution, and to highlight the current hypotheses towards the development of new treatments, i.e., symptomatic vs. curative. The therapeutic options and drugs proposed to tackle these mechanisms are analyzed and critically compared. A particular emphasis has been given to the therapeutic agents currently tested in clinical trials, whose results have been carefully collected and discussed whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fabre
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Lou Mateo
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Diana Lamaa
- CiTCoM, UMR 8038 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris Cité, 4, Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Baillif
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital of Nice, 30 Avenue De La Voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Gilles Pagès
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), UMR 7284 and INSERM U 1081, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Luc Demange
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 06108 Nice, France
- CiTCoM, UMR 8038 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris Cité, 4, Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (L.D.); (C.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Cyril Ronco
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 06108 Nice, France
- Correspondence: (L.D.); (C.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 06108 Nice, France
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering (CBS-GPE), Mohamed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir 43150, Morocco
- Correspondence: (L.D.); (C.R.); (R.B.)
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11
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Pitstick AL, Poling HM, Sundaram N, Lewis PL, Kechele DO, Sanchez JG, Scott MA, Broda TR, Helmrath MA, Wells JM, Mayhew CN. Aggregation of cryopreserved mid-hindgut endoderm for more reliable and reproducible hPSC-derived small intestinal organoid generation. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1889-1902. [PMID: 35905739 PMCID: PMC9391520 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A major technical limitation hindering the widespread adoption of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived gastrointestinal (GI) organoid technologies is the need for de novo hPSC differentiation and dependence on spontaneous morphogenesis to produce detached spheroids. Here, we report a method for simple, reproducible, and scalable production of small intestinal organoids (HIOs) based on the aggregation of cryopreservable hPSC-derived mid-hindgut endoderm (MHE) monolayers. MHE aggregation eliminates variability in spontaneous spheroid production and generates HIOs that are comparable to those arising spontaneously. With a minor modification to the protocol, MHE can be cryopreserved, thawed, and aggregated, facilitating HIO production without de novo hPSC differentiation. Finally, aggregation can also be used to generate antral stomach organoids and colonic organoids. This improved method removes significant barriers to the implementation and successful use of hPSC-derived GI organoid technologies and provides a framework for improved dissemination and increased scalability of GI organoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Pitstick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Holly M Poling
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nambirajan Sundaram
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Phillip L Lewis
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Daniel O Kechele
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - J Guillermo Sanchez
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Melissa A Scott
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Taylor R Broda
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael A Helmrath
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - James M Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Christopher N Mayhew
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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12
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Lechner J, Medina RJ, Lois N, Stitt AW. Advances in cell therapies using stem cells/progenitors as a novel approach for neurovascular repair of the diabetic retina. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:388. [PMID: 35907890 PMCID: PMC9338609 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy, a major complication of diabetes mellitus, is a leading cause of sigh-loss in working age adults. Progressive loss of integrity of the retinal neurovascular unit is a central element in the disease pathogenesis. Retinal ischemia and inflammatory processes drive interrelated pathologies such as blood retinal barrier disruption, fluid accumulation, gliosis, neuronal loss and/or aberrant neovascularisation. Current treatment options are somewhat limited to late-stages of the disease where there is already significant damage to the retinal architecture arising from degenerative, edematous and proliferative pathology. New preventive and interventional treatments to target early vasodegenerative and neurodegenerative stages of the disease are needed to ensure avoidance of sight-loss. MAIN BODY Historically, diabetic retinopathy has been considered a primarily microvascular disease of the retina and clinically it is classified based on the presence and severity of vascular lesions. It is now known that neurodegeneration plays a significant role during the pathogenesis. Loss of neurons has been documented at early stages in pre-clinical models as well as in individuals with diabetes and, in some, even prior to the onset of clinically overt diabetic retinopathy. Recent studies suggest that some patients have a primarily neurodegenerative phenotype. Retinal pigment epithelial cells and the choroid are also affected during the disease pathogenesis and these tissues may also need to be addressed by new regenerative treatments. Most stem cell research for diabetic retinopathy to date has focused on addressing vasculopathy. Pre-clinical and clinical studies aiming to restore damaged vasculature using vasoactive progenitors including mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, adipose stem cells, CD34+ cells, endothelial colony forming cells and induced pluripotent stem cell derived endothelial cells are discussed in this review. Stem cells that could replace dying neurons such as retinal progenitor cells, pluripotent stem cell derived photoreceptors and ganglion cells as well as Müller stem cells are also discussed. Finally, challenges of stem cell therapies relevant to diabetic retinopathy are considered. CONCLUSION Stem cell therapies hold great potential to replace dying cells during early and even late stages of diabetic retinopathy. However, due to the presence of different phenotypes, selecting the most suitable stem cell product for individual patients will be crucial for successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Lechner
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Reinhold J Medina
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Noemi Lois
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Alan W Stitt
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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13
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Bacci GM, Becherucci V, Marziali E, Sodi A, Bambi F, Caputo R. Treatment of Inherited Retinal Dystrophies with Somatic Cell Therapy Medicinal Product: A Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050708. [PMID: 35629375 PMCID: PMC9147057 DOI: 10.3390/life12050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies and retinal degenerations related to more common diseases (i.e., age-related macular dystrophy) are a major issue and one of the main causes of low vision in pediatric and elderly age groups. Advancement and understanding in molecular biology and the possibilities raised by gene-editing techniques opened a new era for clinicians and patients due to feasible possibilities of treating disabling diseases and the reduction in their complications burden. The scope of this review is to focus on the state-of-the-art in somatic cell therapy medicinal products as the basis of new insights and possibilities to use this approach to treat rare eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Maria Bacci
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Becherucci
- Cell Factory Meyer, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Elisa Marziali
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Andrea Sodi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Franco Bambi
- Cell Factory Meyer, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Roberto Caputo
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.)
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14
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Chiang MC, Chern E. Current Development, Obstacle and Futural Direction of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment in Degenerative Retinal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052529. [PMID: 35269671 PMCID: PMC8910526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative retinal disease is one of the major causes of vision loss around the world. The past several decades have witnessed emerging development of stem cell treatment for retinal disease. Nevertheless, sourcing stem cells remains controversial due to ethical concerns and their rarity. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are both isolated from patients’ mature tissues; thus, issues such as avoiding moral controversy and adverse events related to immunosuppression and obtaining a large number of cells have opened a new era in regenerative medicine. This review focuses on the current application and development, clinical trials, and latest research of stem cell therapy, as well as its limitations and future directions.
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15
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Huang D, Heath Jeffery RC, Aung-Htut MT, McLenachan S, Fletcher S, Wilton SD, Chen FK. Stargardt disease and progress in therapeutic strategies. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 43:1-26. [PMID: 34455905 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1966053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Stargardt disease (STGD1) is an autosomal recessive retinal dystrophy due to mutations in ABCA4, characterized by subretinal deposition of lipofuscin-like substances and bilateral centrifugal vision loss. Despite the tremendous progress made in the understanding of STGD1, there are no approved treatments to date. This review examines the challenges in the development of an effective STGD1 therapy.Materials and Methods: A literature review was performed through to June 2021 summarizing the spectrum of retinal phenotypes in STGD1, the molecular biology of ABCA4 protein, the in vivo and in vitro models used to investigate the mechanisms of ABCA4 mutations and current clinical trials.Results: STGD1 phenotypic variability remains an challenge for clinical trial design and patient selection. Pre-clinical development of therapeutic options has been limited by the lack of animal models reflecting the diverse phenotypic spectrum of STDG1. Patient-derived cell lines have facilitated the characterization of splice mutations but the clinical presentation is not always predicted by the effect of specific mutations on retinoid metabolism in cellular models. Current therapies primarily aim to delay vision loss whilst strategies to restore vision are less well developed.Conclusions: STGD1 therapy development can be accelerated by a deeper understanding of genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating Lions Eye Institute), the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science & the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rachael C Heath Jeffery
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating Lions Eye Institute), the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - May Thandar Aung-Htut
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science & the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samuel McLenachan
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating Lions Eye Institute), the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sue Fletcher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science & the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Steve D Wilton
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science & the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fred K Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating Lions Eye Institute), the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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16
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Proteome Landscape of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Shares Commonalities With Malignancy-Associated EMT. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100131. [PMID: 34455105 PMCID: PMC8482521 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress and injury to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) often lead to dedifferentiation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These processes have been implicated in several retinal diseases, including proliferative vitreoretinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Despite the importance of RPE-EMT and the large body of data characterizing malignancy-related EMT, comprehensive proteomic studies to define the protein changes and pathways underlying RPE-EMT have not been reported. This study sought to investigate the temporal protein expression changes that occur in a human-induced pluripotent stem cell–based RPE-EMT model. We utilized multiplexed isobaric tandem mass tag labeling followed by high-resolution tandem MS for precise and in-depth quantification of the RPE-EMT proteome. We have identified and quantified 7937 protein groups in our tandem mass tag–based MS analysis. We observed a total of 532 proteins that are differentially regulated during RPE-EMT. Furthermore, we integrated our proteomic data with prior transcriptomic (RNA-Seq) data to provide additional insights into RPE-EMT mechanisms. To validate these results, we have performed a label-free single-shot data-independent acquisition MS study. Our integrated analysis indicates both the commonality and uniqueness of RPE-EMT compared with malignancy-associated EMT. Our comparative analysis also revealed that multiple age-related macular degeneration–associated risk factors are differentially regulated during RPE-EMT. Together, our integrated dataset provides a comprehensive RPE-EMT atlas and resource for understanding the molecular signaling events and associated biological pathways that underlie RPE-EMT onset. This resource has already facilitated the identification of chemical modulators that could inhibit RPE-EMT, and it will hopefully aid in ongoing efforts to develop EMT inhibition as an approach for the treatment of retinal disease. Proteomics data were integrated with prior transcriptomic (RNA-Seq) data on RPE-EMT. Dysregulated RPE-EMT proteome shares commonality with malignancy-associated EMT. Altered RPE-EMT proteome signatures correlated with known AMD-associated risk factors. Protein kinases and phosphatases crosstalk modulate RPE-EMT.
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17
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Rohiwal SS, Ellederová Z, Ardan T, Klima J. Advancement in Nanostructure-Based Tissue-Engineered Biomaterials for Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081005. [PMID: 34440209 PMCID: PMC8393745 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The review intends to overview a wide range of nanostructured natural, synthetic and biological membrane implants for tissue engineering to help in retinal degenerative diseases. Herein, we discuss the transplantation strategies and the new development of material in combination with cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), mature retinal cells, adult stem cells, retinal progenitors, fetal retinal cells, or retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) sheets, etc. to be delivered into the subretinal space. Retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are the most common retinal diseases resulting in vision impairment or blindness by permanent loss in photoreceptor cells. Currently, there are no therapies that can repair permanent vision loss, and the available treatments can only delay the advancement of retinal degeneration. The delivery of cell-based nanostructure scaffolds has been presented to enrich cell survival and direct cell differentiation in a range of retinal degenerative models. In this review, we sum up the research findings on different types of nanostructure scaffolds/substrate or material-based implants, with or without cells, used to deliver into the subretinal space for retinal diseases. Though, clinical and pre-clinical trials are still needed for these transplants to be used as a clinical treatment method for retinal degeneration.
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18
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Yang C, Georgiou M, Atkinson R, Collin J, Al-Aama J, Nagaraja-Grellscheid S, Johnson C, Ali R, Armstrong L, Mozaffari-Jovin S, Lako M. Pre-mRNA Processing Factors and Retinitis Pigmentosa: RNA Splicing and Beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:700276. [PMID: 34395430 PMCID: PMC8355544 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.700276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common inherited retinal disease characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptors and/or retinal pigment epithelium that eventually results in blindness. Mutations in pre-mRNA processing factors (PRPF3, 4, 6, 8, 31, SNRNP200, and RP9) have been linked to 15–20% of autosomal dominant RP (adRP) cases. Current evidence indicates that PRPF mutations cause retinal specific global spliceosome dysregulation, leading to mis-splicing of numerous genes that are involved in a variety of retina-specific functions and/or general biological processes, including phototransduction, retinol metabolism, photoreceptor disk morphogenesis, retinal cell polarity, ciliogenesis, cytoskeleton and tight junction organization, waste disposal, inflammation, and apoptosis. Importantly, additional PRPF functions beyond RNA splicing have been documented recently, suggesting a more complex mechanism underlying PRPF-RPs driven disease pathogenesis. The current review focuses on the key RP-PRPF genes, depicting the current understanding of their roles in RNA splicing, impact of their mutations on retinal cell’s transcriptome and phenome, discussed in the context of model species including yeast, zebrafish, and mice. Importantly, information on PRPF functions beyond RNA splicing are discussed, aiming at a holistic investigation of PRPF-RP pathogenesis. Finally, work performed in human patient-specific lab models and developing gene and cell-based replacement therapies for the treatment of PRPF-RPs are thoroughly discussed to allow the reader to get a deeper understanding of the disease mechanisms, which we believe will facilitate the establishment of novel and better therapeutic strategies for PRPF-RP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Yang
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Georgiou
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Atkinson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Collin
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jumana Al-Aama
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Colin Johnson
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Ali
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sina Mozaffari-Jovin
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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19
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Asahi MG, Avaylon J, Wallsh J, Gallemore RP. Emerging biological therapies for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2021; 26:193-207. [PMID: 34030572 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2021.1931120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in individuals over age 50 in developed countries. Current therapy for nonexudative AMD (neAMD) is aimed at modifying risk factors and vitamin supplementation to slow progression, while intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial factor (VEGF) injections are the mainstay for treatment of choroidal neovascularization in exudative AMD (eAMD). AREAS COVERED Over the past decade, promising therapies have emerged that aim to improve the current standard of care for both diseases. Clinical trials for neAMD are investigating targets in the complement cascade, vitamin A metabolism, metformin, and tetracycline, whereas clinical trials for eAMD are aiming to decrease treatment burden through novel port delivery systems, increasing drug half-life, and targeting new sites of the VEGF cascade. Stem cell and gene therapy are also being evaluated for treatment of neAMD and eAMD. EXPERT OPINION With an aging population, the need for effective, long term, low burden treatment options for AMD will be in increasingly high demand. Current investigations aim to address the shortcomings of current treatment options with breakthrough treatment approaches. Therapeutics in the pipeline hold promise for improving the treatment of AMD, and are on track for widespread use within the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi G Asahi
- Department of Ophthalmology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jaycob Avaylon
- California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Josh Wallsh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ron P Gallemore
- Retina Macula Institute, Torrance, CA, USA.,Jules Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
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20
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Benson MD, Papp KM, Casey GA, Radziwon A, St Laurent CD, Doucette LP, MacDonald IM. PEX6 Mutations in Peroxisomal Biogenesis Disorders: An Usher Syndrome Mimic. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2021; 1:100028. [PMID: 36249295 PMCID: PMC9559095 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2021.100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBDs) represent a spectrum of conditions that result in vision loss, sensorineural hearing loss, neurologic dysfunction, and other abnormalities resulting from aberrant peroxisomal function caused by mutations in PEX genes. With no treatments currently available, we sought to investigate the disease mechanism in a patient with a PBD caused by defects in PEX6 and to probe whether overexpression of PEX6 could restore peroxisome function and potentially offer therapeutic benefit. DESIGN Laboratory-based study. PARTICIPANTS A 12-year-old boy sought treatment with hearing loss and retinopathy. After negative results in an Usher syndrome panel, targeted genetic testing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in PEX6. These included a 14-nucleotide deletion (c.802_815del: p.(Asp268Cysfs∗8)) and a milder missense variant (c.35T→C:(p.Phe12Ser)). METHODS Patient-derived skin fibroblasts were cultured, and a PEX6 knockout cell line was developed using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and Cas9 technology in HEK293T cells to emulate a more severe disease phenotype. Immunoblot analysis of whole cell lysates was performed to assess peroxisome number. Immunofluorescence studies used antibodies against components of the peroxisomal protein import pathway to interrogate the effects of mutations in PEX6 on protein trafficking. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome measures were peroxisome abundance and matrix protein import. RESULTS Peroxisome number was not significantly different between control fibroblasts and patient fibroblasts; however, fewer peroxisomes were observed in PEX6 knockout cells compared with wild-type cells (P = 0.04). Analysis by immunofluorescent microscopy showed significantly impaired peroxisomal targeting signal 1- and peroxisomal targeting signal 2-mediated matrix protein import in both patient fibroblasts and PEX6 knockout cells. Overexpressing PEX6 resulted in improved matrix protein import in PEX6 knockout cells. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in PEX6 were responsible for combined hearing loss and retinopathy in our patient. The primary peroxisomal defect in our patient's skin fibroblasts was impaired peroxisomal protein import as opposed to reduction in the number of peroxisomes. Genetic strategies that introduce wild-type PEX6 into cells deficient in PEX6 protein show promise in restoring peroxisome function. Future studies of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells may clarify the role of PEX6 in the retina and the potential for gene therapy in these patients.
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Key Words
- CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- DTM, docking translocation module
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HEK293T, human embryonic kidney 293T
- Hearing loss
- PBD, peroxisomal biogenesis disorder
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PEX6
- PTS1, peroxisomal targeting signal 1
- PTS2, peroxisomal targeting signal 2
- Peroxisomal biogenesis disorders
- Peroxisome
- RPE, retinal pigment epithelium
- Retinal degeneration
- Usher syndrome
- WT, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Benson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kimberly M. Papp
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A. Casey
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Alina Radziwon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Chris D. St Laurent
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Lance P. Doucette
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ian M. MacDonald
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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21
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Mamaeva D, Jazouli Z, DiFrancesco ML, Erkilic N, Dubois G, Hilaire C, Meunier I, Boukhaddaoui H, Kalatzis V. Novel roles for voltage-gated T-type Ca 2+ and ClC-2 channels in phagocytosis and angiogenic factor balance identified in human iPSC-derived RPE. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21406. [PMID: 33724552 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002754r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a powerful tool for pathophysiological studies and preclinical therapeutic screening, as well as a source for clinical cell transplantation. Thus, it must be validated for maturity and functionality to ensure correct data readouts and clinical safety. Previous studies have validated hiPSC-derived RPE as morphologically characteristic of the tissue in the human eye. However, information concerning the expression and functionality of ion channels is still limited. We screened hiPSC-derived RPE for the polarized expression of a panel of L-type (CaV 1.1, CaV 1.3) and T-type (CaV 3.1, CaV 3.3) Ca2+ channels, K+ channels (Maxi-K, Kir4.1, Kir7.1), and the Cl- channel ClC-2 known to be expressed in native RPE. We also tested the roles of these channels in key RPE functions using specific inhibitors. In addition to confirming the native expression profiles and function of certain channels, such as L-type Ca2+ channels, we show for the first time that T-type Ca2+ channels play a role in both phagocytosis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. Moreover, we demonstrate that Maxi-K and Kir7.1 channels are involved in the polarized secretion of VEGF and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). Furthermore, we show a novel localization for ClC-2 channel on the apical side of hiPSC-derived RPE, with an overexpression at the level of fluid-filled domes, and demonstrate that it plays an important role in phagocytosis, as well as VEGF and PEDF secretion. Taken together, hiPSC-derived RPE is a powerful model for advancing fundamental knowledge of RPE functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Mamaeva
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Zhour Jazouli
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Mattia L DiFrancesco
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Nejla Erkilic
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.,National Reference Centre for Inherited Sensory Diseases, Montpellier University, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Gregor Dubois
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Cecile Hilaire
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Meunier
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.,National Reference Centre for Inherited Sensory Diseases, Montpellier University, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Hassan Boukhaddaoui
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Vasiliki Kalatzis
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
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22
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Johari YB, Mercer AC, Liu Y, Brown AJ, James DC. Design of synthetic promoters for controlled expression of therapeutic genes in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2001-2015. [PMID: 33580508 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) associated with dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is the most common cause of untreatable blindness. To advance gene therapy as a viable treatment for AMD there is a need for technologies that enable controlled, RPE-specific expression of therapeutic genes. Here we describe design, construction and testing of compact synthetic promoters with a pre-defined transcriptional activity and RPE cell specificity. Initial comparative informatic analyses of RPE and photoreceptor (PR) cell transcriptomic data identified conserved and overrepresented transcription factor regulatory elements (TFREs, 8-19 bp) specifically associated with transcriptionally active RPE genes. Both RPE-specific TFREs and those derived from the generically active cytomegalovirus-immediate early (CMV-IE) promoter were then screened in vitro to identify sequence elements able to control recombinant gene transcription in model induced pluripotent stem (iPS)-derived and primary human RPE cells. Two libraries of heterotypic synthetic promoters varying in predicted RPE specificity and transcriptional activity were designed de novo using combinations of up to 20 discrete TFREs in series (323-602 bp) and their transcriptional activity in model RPE cells was compared to that of the endogenous BEST1 promoter (661 bp, plus an engineered derivative) and the highly active generic CMV-IE promoter (650 bp). Synthetic promoters with a highpredicted specificity, comprised predominantly of endogenous TFREs exhibited a range of activities up to 8-fold that of the RPE-specific BEST1 gene promoter. Moreover, albeit at a lower predicted specificity, synthetic promoter transcriptional activity in model RPE cells was enhanced beyond that of the CMV-IE promoter when viral elements were utilized in combination with endogenous RPE-specific TFREs, with a reduction in promoter size of 15%. Taken together, while our data reveal an inverse relationship between synthetic promoter activity and cell-type specificity, cell context-specific control of recombinant gene transcriptional activity may be achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf B Johari
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew C Mercer
- Research and Early Development, REGENXBIO Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ye Liu
- Research and Early Development, REGENXBIO Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam J Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - David C James
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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23
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Oliveira CR, Paiva MRBD, Ribeiro MCS, Andrade GF, Carvalho JL, Gomes DA, Nehemy M, Fialho SL, Silva-Cunha A, Góes AMD. Human Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells as a Model for Drug Screening and Pre-Clinical Assays Compared to ARPE-19 Cell Line. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:74-84. [PMID: 33377455 PMCID: PMC7904525 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Eye diseases have a high socioeconomic impact on society and may be one of the fields in which most stem cell-related scientific accomplishments have been achieved recently. In this context, human Pluripotent Stem Cell (hPSC) technology arises as an important tool to produce and study human Embryonic Stem cell derived-Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells (hES-RPE) for several applications, such as cell therapy, disease modeling, and drug screening. The use of this technology in pre-clinical phases attends to the overall population desire for animal-free product development. Here, we aimed to compare hES-RPE cells with ARPE-19, one of the most commonly used retinal pigmented epithelial immortalized cell lines. Methods and Results Functional, cellular and molecular data obtained suggest that hES-RPE cells more closely resembles native RPEs compared to ARPE-19. Furthermore, hES-RPE revealed an interesting robustness when cultured on human Bruch’s membrane explants and after exposure to Cyclosporine (CSA), Sirolimus (SRL), Tacrolimus (TAC), Leflunomide (LEF) and Teriflunomide (TER). On these conditions, hES-RPE cells were able to survive at higher drug concentrations, while ARPE-19 cell line was more susceptible to cell death. Conclusions Therefore, hES-RPEs seem to have the ability to incur a broader range of RPE functions than ARPE-19 and should be more thoroughly explored for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Reis Oliveira
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gracielle Ferreira Andrade
- SENAN, Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear - CDTN/CNEN, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lott Carvalho
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Dawidson Assis Gomes
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Márcio Nehemy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Ligório Fialho
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Armando Silva-Cunha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Miranda de Góes
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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24
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A human model of Batten disease shows role of CLN3 in phagocytosis at the photoreceptor-RPE interface. Commun Biol 2021; 4:161. [PMID: 33547385 PMCID: PMC7864947 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in CLN3 lead to photoreceptor cell loss in CLN3 disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by childhood-onset vision loss, neurological impairment, and premature death. However, how CLN3 mutations cause photoreceptor cell death is not known. Here, we show that CLN3 is required for phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segment (POS) by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, a cellular process essential for photoreceptor survival. Specifically, a proportion of CLN3 in human, mouse, and iPSC-RPE cells localized to RPE microvilli, the site of POS phagocytosis. Furthermore, patient-derived CLN3 disease iPSC-RPE cells showed decreased RPE microvilli density and reduced POS binding and ingestion. Notably, POS phagocytosis defect in CLN3 disease iPSC-RPE cells could be rescued by wild-type CLN3 gene supplementation. Altogether, these results illustrate a novel role of CLN3 in regulating POS phagocytosis and suggest a contribution of primary RPE dysfunction for photoreceptor cell loss in CLN3 disease that can be targeted by gene therapy.
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25
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Clementi ME, Maulucci G, Bianchetti G, Pizzoferrato M, Sampaolese B, Tringali G. Cytoprotective Effects of Punicalagin on Hydrogen-Peroxide-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020192. [PMID: 33572785 PMCID: PMC7911437 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a densely pigmented, monostratified epithelium that provides metabolic and functional support to the outer segments of photoreceptors. Endogenous or exogenous oxidative stimuli determine a switch from physiological to pathological conditions, characterized by an increase of intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulating evidence has elucidated that punicalagin (PUN), the major ellagitannin in pomegranate, is a potent antioxidant in several cell types. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of PUN on mitochondrial dysfunction associated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. For this purpose, we used a human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) exposed to H2O2 for 24 h. The effects of PUN pre-treatment (24 h) were examined on cell viability, mitochondrial ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and respiratory chain complexes, then finally on caspase-3 enzymatic activity. The results showed that supplementation with PUN: (a) significantly increased cell viability; (b) kept the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) at healthy levels and limited ROS production; (c) preserved the activity of respiratory complexes; (d) reduced caspase-3 activity. In conclusion, due to its activity in helping mitochondrial functions, reducing oxidative stress, and subsequent induction of cellular apoptosis, PUN might be considered a useful nutraceutical agent in the treatment of oxidation-associated disorders of RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabetta Clementi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-063-015-4215 (M.E.C.); +39-063-015-4367 (G.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Biophysics Section, Neuroscience Department, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.B.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giada Bianchetti
- Biophysics Section, Neuroscience Department, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.B.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michela Pizzoferrato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Tringali
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-063-015-4215 (M.E.C.); +39-063-015-4367 (G.T.)
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26
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Sugita S, Mandai M, Kamao H, Takahashi M. Immunological aspects of RPE cell transplantation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 84:100950. [PMID: 33482342 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells have several functions, including support of the neural retina and choroid in the eye and immunosuppression. Cultured human RPE cells directly suppress inflammatory immune cells. For instance, they directly suppress the activation of T cells in vitro. In contrast, transplanted allogeneic human RPE cells are rejected by bystander immune cells such as T cells in vivo. Recently, human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE cells have been used in several clinical trials, and human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-RPE cells have also been tested in our clinical study in patients with retinal degeneration. Major safety concerns after stem cell-based transplantation surgery include hyper-proliferation, tumorigenicity, or ectopic tissue formation, but these events have currently not been seen in any of these patients. However, if RPE cells are allogeneic, there are concerns about immune rejection issues that have been raised in previous clinical trials. We therefore performed a preclinical study of allogeneic iPSC-RPE cell transplantation in animal rejection models. We then conducted autogenic or allogeneic iPSC-RPE cell transplantation in clinical studies of patients with age-related macular degeneration. In this review, we focus on immunological studies of RPE cells, including iPSC-derived cells. iPSC-RPE cells have unique inflammatory (immunosuppressive and immunogenic) characteristics like primary cultured RPE cells. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current findings obtained from preclinical (basic research) and clinical studies in iPSC-RPE cell transplantation, especially the immunological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunao Sugita
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Kobe, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Michiko Mandai
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Kobe, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Kobe, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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27
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Cell-Based Therapies for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1256:265-293. [PMID: 33848006 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-66014-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The pathogenesis of AMD involves dysfunction and loss of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a monolayer of cells that provide nourishment and functional support for the overlying photoreceptors. RPE cells in mammals are not known to divide, renew or regenerate in vivo, and in advanced AMD, RPE loss leads to degeneration of the photoreceptors and impairment of vision. One possible therapeutic approach would be to support and replace the failing RPE cells of affected patients, and indeed moderate success of surgical procedures in which relatively healthy autologous RPE from the peripheral retina of the same eye was transplanted under the retina in the macular area suggested that RPE replacement could be a means to attenuate photoreceptor cell loss. This prompted exploration of the possibility to use pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as a potential source for "healthy and young" RPE cells for such cell-based therapy of AMD. Various approaches ranging from the use of allogeneic embryonic stem cells to autologous induced pluripotent stem cells are now being tested within early clinical trials. Such PSC-derived RPE cells are either injected into the subretinal space as a suspension, or transplanted as a monolayer patch upon scaffold support. Although most of these approaches are at early clinical stages, safety of the RPE product has been demonstrated by several of these studies. Here, we review the concept of cell-based therapy of AMD and provide an update on current progress in the field of RPE transplantation.
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28
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Lidgerwood GE, Senabouth A, Smith-Anttila CJA, Gnanasambandapillai V, Kaczorowski DC, Amann-Zalcenstein D, Fletcher EL, Naik SH, Hewitt AW, Powell JE, Pébay A. Transcriptomic Profiling of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium over Time. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 19:223-242. [PMID: 33307245 PMCID: PMC8602392 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived progenies are immature versions of cells, presenting a potential limitation to the accurate modelling of diseases associated with maturity or age. Hence, it is important to characterise how closely cells used in culture resemble their native counterparts. In order to select appropriate time points of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cultures that reflect native counterparts, we characterised the transcriptomic profiles of the hPSC-derived RPE cells from 1- and 12-month cultures. We differentiated the human embryonic stem cell line H9 into RPE cells, performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of a total of 16,576 cells to assess the molecular changes of the RPE cells across these two culture time points. Our results indicate the stability of the RPE transcriptomic signature, with no evidence of an epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and with the maturing populations of the RPE observed with time in culture. Assessment of Gene Ontology pathways revealed that as the cultures age, RPE cells upregulate expression of genes involved in metal binding and antioxidant functions. This might reflect an increased ability to handle oxidative stress as cells mature. Comparison with native human RPE data confirms a maturing transcriptional profile of RPE cells in culture. These results suggest that long-term in vitro culture of RPE cells allows the modelling of specific phenotypes observed in native mature tissues. Our work highlights the transcriptional landscape of hPSC-derived RPE cells as they age in culture, which provides a reference for native and patient samples to be benchmarked against.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Lidgerwood
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.
| | - Anne Senabouth
- Garvan Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Casey J A Smith-Anttila
- Single Cell Open Research Endeavour, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Vikkitharan Gnanasambandapillai
- Garvan Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Dominik C Kaczorowski
- Garvan Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Daniela Amann-Zalcenstein
- Single Cell Open Research Endeavour, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Erica L Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Shalin H Naik
- Single Cell Open Research Endeavour, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; School of Medicine, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia
| | - Joseph E Powell
- Garvan Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Alice Pébay
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.
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29
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Zhang CJ, Ma Y, Jin ZB. The road to restore vision with photoreceptor regeneration. Exp Eye Res 2020; 202:108283. [PMID: 33010290 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroretinal diseases are the predominant cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, mainly due to photoreceptor loss. Currently, there are no radical treatments to fully reverse the degeneration or even stop the disease progression. Thus, it is urgent to develop new biological therapeutics for these diseases on the clinical side. Stem cell-based treatments have become a promising therapeutic for neuroretinal diseases through the replacement of damaged cells with photoreceptors and some allied cells. To date, considerable efforts have been made to regenerate the diseased retina based on stem cell technology. In this review, we overview the current status of stem cell-based treatments for photoreceptor regeneration, including the major cell sources derived from different stem cells in pre-clinical or clinical trial stages. Additionally, we discuss herein the major challenges ahead for and potential new strategy toward photoreceptor regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Ya Ma
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China.
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30
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Schaub NJ, Hotaling NA, Manescu P, Padi S, Wan Q, Sharma R, George A, Chalfoun J, Simon M, Ouladi M, Simon CG, Bajcsy P, Bharti K. Deep learning predicts function of live retinal pigment epithelium from quantitative microscopy. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1010-1023. [PMID: 31714897 DOI: 10.1172/jci131187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in the number of cell therapies in the preclinical and clinical phases have prompted the need for reliable and noninvasive assays to validate transplant function in clinical biomanufacturing. We developed a robust characterization methodology composed of quantitative bright-field absorbance microscopy (QBAM) and deep neural networks (DNNs) to noninvasively predict tissue function and cellular donor identity. The methodology was validated using clinical-grade induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells (iPSC-RPE). QBAM images of iPSC-RPE were used to train DNNs that predicted iPSC-RPE monolayer transepithelial resistance, predicted polarized vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion, and matched iPSC-RPE monolayers to the stem cell donors. DNN predictions were supplemented with traditional machine-learning algorithms that identified shape and texture features of single cells that were used to predict tissue function and iPSC donor identity. These results demonstrate noninvasive cell therapy characterization can be achieved with QBAM and machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Schaub
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nathan A Hotaling
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research Section, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Petre Manescu
- Information Technology Laboratory, Information Systems Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarala Padi
- Information Technology Laboratory, Information Systems Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Qin Wan
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research Section, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research Section, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aman George
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research Section, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joe Chalfoun
- Information Technology Laboratory, Information Systems Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Mylene Simon
- Information Technology Laboratory, Information Systems Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohamed Ouladi
- Information Technology Laboratory, Information Systems Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Carl G Simon
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Bajcsy
- Information Technology Laboratory, Information Systems Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Kapil Bharti
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research Section, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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31
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Shen Y. Stem cell therapies for retinal diseases: from bench to bedside. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1347-1368. [PMID: 32794020 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As the human retina has no regenerative ability, stem cell interventions represent potential therapies for various blinding retinal diseases. This type of therapy has been extensively studied in the human eyes through decades of preclinical studies. The safety profiles shown in clinical trials thus far have indicated that these strategies should be further explored. There are still challenges with regard to cell source, cell delivery, immuno-related adverse events and long-term maintenance of the therapeutic effects. Retinal stem cell therapy is likely to be most successful with a combination of multiple technologies, such as gene therapy. The purpose of this review is to present a synthetical and systematic coverage of stem cell therapies that target retinal diseases from bench to bedside, intending to appeal to both junior specialists and the broader community of clinical investigators alike. This review will only focus on therapies that have already been studied in clinical trials. This review summarizes key concepts, highlights the main studies in human patients and discusses the current challenges and potential methods to reduce safety concerns while enhancing the therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuening Shen
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London , 11-43 Bath St, London, EC1V 9EL, UK. .,Department of Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.
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32
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Sun S, Cai B, Li Y, Su W, Zhao X, Gong B, Li Z, Zhang X, Wu Y, Chen C, Tsang SH, Yang J, Li X. HMGB1 and Caveolin-1 related to RPE cell senescence in age-related macular degeneration. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4323-4337. [PMID: 31284269 PMCID: PMC6660032 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is considered a major cause of RPE dysfunction and senescence in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E) is the main fluorophore identified in lipofuscin from aged human eyes. Here, human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-RPE was generated from healthy individuals to reveal proteomic changes associated with A2E-related RPE cell senescence. A novel RPE cell senescence-related protein, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), was identified based on proteomic mass spectrometry measurements on iPSC-RPE with A2E treatment. Furthermore, HMGB1 upregulated Caveolin-1, which also was related RPE cell senescence. To investigate whether changes in HMGB1 and Caveolin-1 expression under A2E exposure contribute to RPE cell senescence, human ARPE-19 cells were stimulated with A2E; expression of HMGB1, Caveolin-1, tight junction proteins and senescent phenotypes were verified. HMGB1 inhibition alleviated A2E induced cell senescence. Migration of RPE cells was evaluated. Notably, A2E less than or equal to 10μM induced both HMGB1 and Caveolin-1 protein upregulation and HMGB1 translocation, while Caveolin-1 expression was downregulated when there was more than 10μM A2E. Our data indicate that A2E-induced upregulation of HMGB1、Caveolin-1 and HMGB1 release may relate to RPE cell senescence and play a role in the pathogenesis of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bincui Cai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Departments of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Wenqi Su
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuzheng Zhao
- Tangshan Eye Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Boteng Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalin Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Departments of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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33
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Morizur L, Herardot E, Monville C, Ben M'Barek K. Human pluripotent stem cells: A toolbox to understand and treat retinal degeneration. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 107:103523. [PMID: 32634576 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) are retinal degenerative disorders that dramatically damage the retina. As there is no therapeutic option for the majority of patients, vision is progressively and irremediably lost. Owing to their unlimited renewal and potency to give rise to any cell type of the human adult body, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been extensively studied in recent years to develop more physiologically relevant in vitro cellular models. Such models open new perspectives to investigate the pathological molecular mechanisms of AMD and RP but also in drug screening. Moreover, proof-of-concept of hPSC-derived retinal cell therapy in animal models have led to first clinical trials. This review outlines the recent advances in the use of hPSCs in pathological modeling of retinal degeneration and their use in regenerative medicine. We also address the associated limitations and challenges that need to be overcome when using hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Morizur
- INSERM U861, I-Stem, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Université d'Evry, U861, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France; Centre d'Etude des Cellules Souches, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Elise Herardot
- INSERM U861, I-Stem, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Université d'Evry, U861, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Christelle Monville
- INSERM U861, I-Stem, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Université d'Evry, U861, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France.
| | - Karim Ben M'Barek
- INSERM U861, I-Stem, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Université d'Evry, U861, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France; Centre d'Etude des Cellules Souches, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France.
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Udry F, Decembrini S, Gamm DM, Déglon N, Kostic C, Arsenijevic Y. Lentiviral mediated RPE65 gene transfer in healthy hiPSCs-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells markedly increased RPE65 mRNA, but modestly protein level. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8890. [PMID: 32483256 PMCID: PMC7264209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a monolayer of cobblestone-like epithelial cells that accomplishes critical functions for the retina. Several protocols have been published to differentiate pluripotent stem cells into RPE cells suitable for disease modelling and therapy development. In our study, the RPE identity of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived RPE (iRPE) was extensively characterized, and then used to test a lentiviral-mediated RPE65 gene augmentation therapy. A dose study of the lentiviral vector revealed a dose-dependent effect of the vector on RPE65 mRNA levels. A marked increase of the RPE65 mRNA was also observed in the iRPE (100-fold) as well as in an experimental set with RPE derived from another hiPSC source and from foetal human RPE. Although iRPE displayed features close to bona fide RPE, no or a modest increase of the RPE65 protein level was observed depending on the protein detection method. Similar results were observed with the two other cell lines. The mechanism of RPE65 protein regulation remains to be elucidated, but the current work suggests that high vector expression will not produce an excess of the normal RPE65 protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Udry
- Department of ophthalmology, Unit of Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, University of Lausanne, Hôpital ophtalmique Jules-Gonin, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Decembrini
- Department of ophthalmology, Unit of Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, University of Lausanne, Hôpital ophtalmique Jules-Gonin, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel & University Basel, Hebelstr. 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David M Gamm
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, Waisman Center and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Neuroscience Research Center, Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Kostic
- Department of ophthalmology, Unit of Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, University of Lausanne, Hôpital ophtalmique Jules-Gonin, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Arsenijevic
- Department of ophthalmology, Unit of Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, University of Lausanne, Hôpital ophtalmique Jules-Gonin, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Zhu D, Xie M, Gademann F, Cao J, Wang P, Guo Y, Zhang L, Su T, Zhang J, Chen J. Protective effects of human iPS-derived retinal pigmented epithelial cells on retinal degenerative disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:98. [PMID: 32131893 PMCID: PMC7055119 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal disease characterized by progressive loss of photoreceptor cells. This study aim at exploring the effect of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC-RPE) on the retina of retinal degeneration 10 (rd10) mice, which are characterized with progressive photoreceptor death. Methods We generated RPE from hiPSCs by sequential supplementation with retinal-inducing factors and RPE specification signaling factors. The three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture method was used to obtain optimal injectable hiPSC-RPE cells. Subretinal space transplantation was conducted to deliver hiPSC-RPE cells into the retina of rd10 mice. Neurotrophic factor secretion from transplanted hiPSC-RPE cells was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunostaining, Western blotting, electroretinography (ERG), and visual behavior testing were performed to determine the effects of hiPSC-RPE on the retinal visual function in rd10 mice. Results Our data demonstrated that hiPSC-RPE cells exhibited classic RPE properties and phenotype after the sequential RPE induction from hiPSCs. hiPSC-RPE cells co-cultured with mouse retinal explants or retinal ganglion cells 5 (RGC5) exhibited decreased apoptosis. The viability and functional properties of hiPSC-RPE cells were enhanced by 3D spheroid culture. Transplanted hiPSC-derived RPE cells were identified by immunostaining with human nuclear antigen staining in the retina of rd10 14 days after subretinal space injection. The pigment epithelium-derived factor level was increased significantly. The expression of CD68, microglial activation marker, reduced after transplantation. The light avoidance behavior and ERG visual function in rd10 mice improved by the transplantation of hiPSC-RPE cells. Conclusion Our findings suggest that injectable hiPSC-RPE cells after 3D spheroid culture can rescue the structure and function of photoreceptors by sub-retinal transplantation, which lay the foundation for future clinical cell therapy to treat RP and other retinal degeneration diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Educational Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Educational Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fabian Gademann
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixing Cao
- Eye Institute, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Eye Institute, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglong Guo
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Eye Institute, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Su
- Eye Institute, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Educational Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Eye Institute, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Aier Eye Institute, Furong Middle Road, Changsha, China.
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Abstract
Bestrophinopathies are a group of clinically distinct inherited retinal dystrophies that lead to the gradual loss of vision in and around the macular area. There are no treatments for patients suffering from bestrophinopathies, and no measures can be taken to prevent visual deterioration in those who have inherited disease-causing mutations. Bestrophinopathies are caused by mutations in the Bestrophin1 gene (BEST1), a protein found exclusively in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells of the eye. Mutations in BEST1 affect the function of the RPE leading to the death of overlying retinal cells and subsequent vision loss. The pathogenic mechanisms arising from BEST1 mutations are still not fully understood, and it is not clear how mutations in BEST1 lead to diseases with distinct clinical features. This chapter discusses BEST1, the use of model systems to investigate the effects of mutations and the potential to investigate individual bestrophinopathies using induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Lewallen CF, Wan Q, Maminishkis A, Stoy W, Kolb I, Hotaling N, Bharti K, Forest CR. High-yield, automated intracellular electrophysiology in retinal pigment epithelia. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 328:108442. [PMID: 31562888 PMCID: PMC7071944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advancements with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (iPSC) retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) have made disease modeling and cell therapy for macular degeneration feasible. However, current techniques for intracellular electrophysiology - used to validate epithelial function - are painstaking and require manual skill; limiting experimental throughput. NEW METHOD A five-stage algorithm, leveraging advances in automated patch clamping, systematically derived and optimized, improves yield and reduces skill when compared to conventional, manual techniques. RESULTS The automated algorithm improves yield per attempt from 17% (manually, n = 23) to 22% (automated, n = 120) (chi-squared, p = 0.004). Specifically for RPE, depressing the local cell membrane by 6 μm and electroporating (buzzing) just prior to this depth (5 μm) maximized yield. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD Conventionally, intracellular epithelial electrophysiology is performed by manually lowering a pipette with a micromanipulator, blindly, towards a monolayer of cells and spontaneously stopping when the magnitude of the instantaneous measured membrane potential decreased below a predetermined threshold. The new method automatically measures the pipette tip resistance during the descent, detects the cell surface, indents the cell membrane, and briefly buzzes to electroporate the membrane while descending, overall achieving a higher yield than conventional methods. CONCLUSIONS This paper presents an algorithm for high-yield, automated intracellular electrophysiology in epithelia; optimized for human RPE. Automation reduces required user skill and training while, simultaneously, improving yield. This algorithm could enable large-scale exploration of drug toxicity and physiological function verification for numerous kinds of epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby F Lewallen
- Georgia Institute of Technology, G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Qin Wan
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arvydas Maminishkis
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William Stoy
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ilya Kolb
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn VA 20147, USA
| | - Nathan Hotaling
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kapil Bharti
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Craig R Forest
- Georgia Institute of Technology, G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Vitillo L, Tovell VE, Coffey P. Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Curr Eye Res 2019; 45:361-371. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1691237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loriana Vitillo
- The London Project to Cure Blindness, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Victoria E. Tovell
- The London Project to Cure Blindness, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Pete Coffey
- The London Project to Cure Blindness, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, UK
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
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Johansson JK, Karema-Jokinen VI, Hakanen S, Jylhä A, Uusitalo H, Vihinen-Ranta M, Skottman H, Ihalainen TO, Nymark S. Sodium channels enable fast electrical signaling and regulate phagocytosis in the retinal pigment epithelium. BMC Biol 2019; 17:63. [PMID: 31412898 PMCID: PMC6694495 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels have traditionally been considered a trademark of excitable cells. However, recent studies have shown the presence of Nav channels in several non-excitable cells, such as astrocytes and macrophages, demonstrating that the roles of these channels are more diverse than was previously thought. Despite the earlier discoveries, the presence of Nav channel-mediated currents in the cells of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been dismissed as a cell culture artifact. We challenge this notion by investigating the presence and possible role of Nav channels in RPE both ex vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Our work demonstrates that several subtypes of Nav channels are found in human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived and mouse RPE, most prominently subtypes Nav1.4, Nav1.6, and Nav1.8. Whole cell patch clamp recordings from the hESC-derived RPE monolayers showed that the current was inhibited by TTX and QX-314 and was sensitive to the selective blockers of the main Nav subtypes. Importantly, we show that the Nav channels are involved in photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis since blocking their activity significantly reduces the efficiency of particle internalization. Consistent with this role, our electron microscopy results and immunocytochemical analysis show that Nav1.4 and Nav1.8 accumulate on phagosomes and that pharmacological inhibition of Nav channels as well as silencing the expression of Nav1.4 with shRNA impairs the phagocytosis process. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study shows that Nav channels are present in RPE, giving this tissue the capacity of fast electrical signaling. The channels are critical for the physiology of RPE with an important role in photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Johansson
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Viivi I Karema-Jokinen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Satu Hakanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Antti Jylhä
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannu Uusitalo
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maija Vihinen-Ranta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heli Skottman
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu O Ihalainen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Soile Nymark
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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Harris TI, Paterson CA, Farjood F, Wadsworth ID, Caldwell L, Lewis RV, Jones JA, Vargis E. Utilizing Recombinant Spider Silk Proteins To Develop a Synthetic Bruch's Membrane for Modeling the Retinal Pigment Epithelium. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4023-4036. [PMID: 33448804 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spider silks are intriguing biomaterials that have a high potential as innovative biomedical processes and devices. The intent of this study was to evaluate the capacity of recombinant spider silk proteins (rSSps) as a synthetic Bruch's membrane. Nonporous silk membranes were prepared with comparable thicknesses (<10 μm) to that of native Bruch's membrane. Biomechanical characterization was performed prior to seeding cells. The ability of RPE cells (ARPE-19) to attach and grow on the membranes was then evaluated with bright-field and electron microscopy, intracellular DNA quantification, and immunocytochemical staining (ZO-1 and F-actin). Controls were cultured on permeable Transwell support membranes and characterized with the same methods. A size-dependent permeability assay, using FITC-dextran, was used to determine cell-membrane barrier function. Compared to Transwell controls, RPE cells cultured on rSSps membranes developed more native-like "cobblestone" morphologies, exhibited higher intracellular DNA content, and expressed key organizational proteins more consistently. Comparisons of the membranes to native structures revealed that the silk membranes exhibited equivalent thicknesses, biomechanical properties, and barrier functions. These findings support the use of recombinant spider silk proteins to model Bruch's membrane and develop more biomimetic retinal models.
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Liu S, Xie B, Song X, Zheng D, He L, Li G, Gao G, Peng F, Yu M, Ge J, Zhong X. Self-Formation of RPE Spheroids Facilitates Enrichment and Expansion of hiPSC-Derived RPE Generated on Retinal Organoid Induction Platform. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5659-5669. [PMID: 30489625 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neural retina could be generated concurrently through retinal organoid induction approaches using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), providing valuable sources for cell therapy of retinal degenerations. This study aims to enrich and expand hiPSC-RPE acquired with this platform and explore characteristics of serially passaged RPE cells. Methods RPE has been differentiated from hiPSCs with a published retinal organoid induction method. After detachment of neural retina on the 4th week, the remaining mixture was scraped from the dish and subjected to suspension culture for the formation of RPE spheroids. RPE sheets were isolated and digested for expansion. The cellular, molecular, and functional features of expanded RPE cells were evaluated by different assays. Results Under suspension culture, hiPSC-RPE spheroids with pigmentation self-formed were readily enriched by removing the non-retinal tissues. RPE sheets were further dissected and purified from the spheroids. The individualized RPE cells could be passaged every week for at least 5 times in serum medium, yielding large numbers of cells with high quality in a short period. In addition, when switched to a serum-free medium, the passaged RPE cells could mature in cellular, molecular, and physiological levels, including repigmentation, markers expression, and phagocytosis. Conclusions We developed a simple and novel RPE spheroids formation approach to enrich and expand hiPSC-RPE cells generated along with retinal neurons on a universal retinal organoid induction platform. This achievement will reduce the cost and time in producing retinal cells for basic and translational researches, in particular for retinal cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingbing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liwen He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guilan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanjie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fuhua Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minzhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Jian Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiufeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Generation of Retinal Pigmented Epithelium-Like Cells from Pigmented Spheres Differentiated from Bone Marrow Stromal Cell-Derived Neurospheres. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:253-263. [PMID: 31205854 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Retinal degeneration causes blindness, and cell replacement is a potential therapy. The purpose of this study is to formation of pigmented neurospheres in a simple medium, low-cost, high-performance manner over a short period of time while expressing markers of RPE cells and the activation of specific genes of the pigment cells. Also, these neurospheres have the ability to produce a monolayer of retinal pigment epithelium-like cells (RPELC) with the ability of photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis. Methods BMSC were isolated from pigmented hooded male rats and were immunoreactive to BMSC markers, then converted into neurospheres, differentiated into pigmented spheres (PS), and characterized using Retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65 kDa protein (RPE65), Retinaldehyde-binding protein 1 (CRALBP) and orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) markers by immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. The PS were harvested into RPELC. The functionality of RPELC was evaluated by phagocytosis of fluorescein-labeled photoreceptor outer segment. Results The BMSC immunophenotype was confirmed by immunostained for fibronectin, CD90, CD166 and CD44. These cells differentiated into osteogenic and lipogenic cells. The generated neurospheres were immunoreactive to nestin and stemness genes. The PS after 7-14 days were positive for RPE65 (92.76-100%), CRALBP (95.21-100%) and OTX2 (94.88-100%), and after 30 days RT-PCR, qPCR revealed increasing in gene expression. The PS formed a single layer of RPELC after cultivation and phagocyte photoreceptor outer segments. Conclusion Bone marrow stromal stem cells can differentiate into functional retinal pigmented epithelium cells in a simple, low-cost, high-performance manner over a short period of time. These cells due to expressing the RPELC genes and markers can be used in cell replacement therapy for degenerative diseases including age-related macular degeneration as well as retinitis pigmentosa.
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Lee JM. When CAR Meets Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081825. [PMID: 31013813 PMCID: PMC6514932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of immune cells from human pluripotent stem cells (embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells) has been of keen interest to regenerative medicine. Pluripotent stem cell-derived immune cells such as natural killer cells, macrophages, and lymphoid cells, especially T cells, can be used in immune cell therapy to treat incurable cancers. Moreover, since the advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology, the success of CAR-T cells in the clinic has galvanized new efforts to harness the power of CAR technology to generate CAR-engineered immune cells from pluripotent stem cells. This review provides a summary of pluripotent stem cell-derived immune cells and CAR technology, together with perspectives on combining pluripotent stem-cell derived immune cells and CAR engineering to pave a new way for developing next generation immune cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Lee
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea.
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Aboutaleb Kadkhodaeian H, Salati A, Lashay A. High efficient differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into retinal pigment epithelium-like cells in medium containing small molecules inducers with a simple method. Tissue Cell 2019; 56:52-59. [PMID: 30736904 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The induction of retinal pigmented epithelium cells (RPE) is one of the most important objectives in research focused on treating retinal degenerative diseases. The present study aims to differentiate human adipose stem cells (hADSCs) into RPE cells for replacement therapies in cases of retinal degenerative diseases. METHODS Lipoaspirate-derived human adipose stem cells (LA-hADSCs) were obtained from abdominal samples and examined by immunocytochemistry for the expression of mesenchymal adipose stem cell markers. RPE cells were also obtained from human samples and cultured to be used as control after being examined for the expression of their designated markers. hADSCs differentiated into RPE cells after 80 days using chemical inducers in one steps. The differentiated cells were then compared to control cells in marker expression. The differentiated cells were also examined under a scanning electron microscope for the presence of apical microvilli and cell connection. RESULTS Cultured hADSCs at the fourth passage was shown to express the surface markers CD90 (98 ± 2%), CD11b (96 ± 3%), and CD105 (95 ± 4%). The RPE cells obtained from human samples expressed the marker RPE65 quite well. 80 days after differentiation, the previously hADSCs expressed both RPE65 (100%) and CRALBP (96 ± 1%) and were thus significantly similar to the RPE cells obtained from human samples. Morphologically, differentiated cells appeared to have epithelial and cytoplasmic pigment granules. Observations using a scanning electron microscope recorded clear connections among the differentiated RPE cells and revealed apical microvilli. CONCLUSION Human adipose stem cells can differentiate into retinal pigmented epithelium cells, which can be used in cell replacement therapy for degenerative diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) as well as retinitis pigmentosa (RP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Aboutaleb Kadkhodaeian
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Amir Salati
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Alireza Lashay
- Farabi Eye Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Anand-Apte B, Chao JR, Singh R, Stöhr H. Sorsby fundus dystrophy: Insights from the past and looking to the future. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:88-97. [PMID: 30129971 PMCID: PMC6241301 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD), an autosomal dominant, fully penetrant, degenerative disease of the macula, is manifested by symptoms of night blindness or sudden loss of visual acuity, usually in the third to fourth decades of life due to choroidal neovascularization (CNV). SFD is caused by specific mutations in the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3, (TIMP3) gene. The predominant histo-pathological feature in the eyes of patients with SFD are confluent 20-30 m thick, amorphous deposits found between the basement membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the inner collagenous layer of Bruch's membrane. SFD is a rare disease but it has generated significant interest because it closely resembles the exudative or "wet" form of the more common age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In addition, in both SFD and AMD donor eyes, sub-retinal deposits have been shown to accumulate TIMP3 protein. Understanding the molecular functions of wild-type and mutant TIMP3 will provide significant insights into the patho-physiology of SFD and perhaps AMD. This review summarizes the current knowledge on TIMP3 and how mutations in TIMP3 cause SFD to provide insights into how we can study this disease going forward. Findings from these studies could have potential therapeutic implications for both SFD and AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela Anand-Apte
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute,
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland Ohio; Department of Ophthalmology and
Department of Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner
College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH,
| | - Jennifer R. Chao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98109,
| | - Ruchira Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology (Flaum Eye Institute) and
Biomedical Genetics, 3Center for Visual Science, UR Stem Cell and Regenerative
Medicine Institute University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA, ruchira
| | - Heidi Stöhr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universität
Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,
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46
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Utility of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium for an In Vitro Model of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1186:33-53. [PMID: 31654385 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28471-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The advent of stem cell technology, including the technology to induce pluripotency in somatic cells, and direct differentiation of stem cells into specific somatic cell types, has created an exciting new field of scientific research. Much of the work with pluripotent stem (PS) cells has been focused on the exploration and exploitation of their potential as cells/tissue replacement therapies for personalized medicine. However, PS and stem cell-derived somatic cells are also proving to be valuable tools to study disease pathology and tissue-specific responses to injury. High-throughput drug screening assays using tissue-specific injury models have the potential to identify specific and effective treatments that will promote wound healing. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS-RPE) are well characterized cells that exhibit the phenotype and functions of in vivo RPE. In addition to their role as a source of cells to replace damaged or diseased RPE, iPS-RPE provide a robust platform for in vitro drug screening to identify novel therapeutics to promote healing and repair of ocular tissues after injury. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is an abnormal wound healing process that occurs after retinal tears or detachments. In this chapter, the role of iPS-RPE in the development of an in vitro model of PVR is described. Comprehensive analyses of the iPS-RPE response to injury suggests that these cells provide a physiologically relevant tool to investigate the cellular mechanisms of the three phases of PVR pathology: migration, proliferation, and contraction. This in vitro model will provide valuable information regarding cellular wound healing responses specific to RPE and enable the identification of effective therapeutics.
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Jin C, Ou Q, Li Z, Wang J, Zhang J, Tian H, Xu JY, Gao F, Lu L, Xu GT. The combination of bFGF and CHIR99021 maintains stable self-renewal of mouse adult retinal progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:346. [PMID: 30545413 PMCID: PMC6292077 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of people are affected with retinal diseases that eventually cause blindness, and retinal progenitor cell (RPC) transplantation is a promising therapeutic avenue. However, RPC expansion and the underlying regulation mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS Adult mouse neural RPCs (mNRPCs) were isolated and amplified with the combination of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitor CHIR99021. The progenitor characteristics were evaluated with RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry (ICC), western blot, flow cytometry, and transcriptome analysis prior to transplantation. By treating cells with or without bFGF and CHIR99021 at different time points, the mechanism for mNRPCs' self-renewal was investigated by transcriptome analysis and western blot assay. RESULTS mNRPCs were self-renewing in the presence of bFGF and CHIR99021 and showed prominent RPC characteristics. bFGF was essential in promoting cell cycle by facilitating G1/S and G2/M transitions. bFGF combined with CHIR99021 activated the non-canonical Wnt5A/Ca2+ pathway and form a calcium homeostasis. In addition, the self-renewing mNRPCs could differentiate into rod photoreceptor-like cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-like cells by in vitro induction. When green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled cells were transplanted into the subretinal space (SRS) of Pde6b (rd1) mice (also known as RD1 mice, or rodless mice), the cells survived for more than 12 weeks and migrated into the retina. Parts of the recipient retina showed positive expression of photoreceptor marker rhodopsin. Transplanted cells can migrate into the retina, mainly into the inner cell layer (INL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL). Some cells can differentiate into astrocytes and amacrine cells. Cultured mNRPCs did not form tumors after transplanted into NOD/SCID mice for 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Present study developed an approach to maintain long-term self-renewal of RPCs from adult retinal tissues and revealed that activation of the non-canonical Wnt5A/Ca2+ pathway may participate in regulating RPC self-renewal in vitro. This study presents a very promising platform to expand RPCs for future therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zongyi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jieping Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Haibin Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jing-Ying Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Furong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lixia Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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48
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Korkka I, Viheriälä T, Juuti-Uusitalo K, Uusitalo-Järvinen H, Skottman H, Hyttinen J, Nymark S. Functional Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels Are Present in Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 8:179-193. [PMID: 30394009 PMCID: PMC6344904 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) performs important functions for the maintenance of photoreceptors and vision. Malfunctions within the RPE are implicated in several retinal diseases for which transplantations of stem cell‐derived RPE are promising treatment options. Their success, however, is largely dependent on the functionality of the transplanted cells. This requires correct cellular physiology, which is highly influenced by the various ion channels of RPE, including voltage‐gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels. This study investigated the localization and functionality of CaV channels in human embryonic stem cell (hESC)‐derived RPE. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings from these cells revealed slowly inactivating L‐type currents comparable to freshly isolated mouse RPE. Some hESC‐RPE cells also carried fast transient T‐type resembling currents. These findings were confirmed by immunostainings from both hESC‐ and mouse RPE that showed the presence of the L‐type Ca2+ channels CaV1.2 and CaV1.3 as well as the T‐type Ca2+ channels CaV3.1 and CaV3.2. The localization of the major subtype, CaV1.3, changed during hESC‐RPE maturation co‐localizing with pericentrin to the base of the primary cilium before reaching more homogeneous membrane localization comparable to mouse RPE. Based on functional assessment, the L‐type Ca2+ channels participated in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor secretion as well as in the phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments in hESC‐RPE. Overall, this study demonstrates that a functional machinery of voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels is present in mature hESC‐RPE, which is promising for the success of transplantation therapies. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:179&15
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Affiliation(s)
- Iina Korkka
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, BioMediTech, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Taina Viheriälä
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, BioMediTech, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kati Juuti-Uusitalo
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannele Uusitalo-Järvinen
- Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heli Skottman
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, BioMediTech, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Soile Nymark
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, BioMediTech, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
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49
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Buskin A, Zhu L, Chichagova V, Basu B, Mozaffari-Jovin S, Dolan D, Droop A, Collin J, Bronstein R, Mehrotra S, Farkas M, Hilgen G, White K, Pan KT, Treumann A, Hallam D, Bialas K, Chung G, Mellough C, Ding Y, Krasnogor N, Przyborski S, Zwolinski S, Al-Aama J, Alharthi S, Xu Y, Wheway G, Szymanska K, McKibbin M, Inglehearn CF, Elliott DJ, Lindsay S, Ali RR, Steel DH, Armstrong L, Sernagor E, Urlaub H, Pierce E, Lührmann R, Grellscheid SN, Johnson CA, Lako M. Disrupted alternative splicing for genes implicated in splicing and ciliogenesis causes PRPF31 retinitis pigmentosa. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4234. [PMID: 30315276 PMCID: PMC6185938 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in pre-mRNA processing factors (PRPFs) cause autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP), but it is unclear why mutations in ubiquitously expressed genes cause non-syndromic retinal disease. Here, we generate transcriptome profiles from RP11 (PRPF31-mutated) patient-derived retinal organoids and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), as well as Prpf31+/- mouse tissues, which revealed that disrupted alternative splicing occurred for specific splicing programmes. Mis-splicing of genes encoding pre-mRNA splicing proteins was limited to patient-specific retinal cells and Prpf31+/- mouse retinae and RPE. Mis-splicing of genes implicated in ciliogenesis and cellular adhesion was associated with severe RPE defects that include disrupted apical - basal polarity, reduced trans-epithelial resistance and phagocytic capacity, and decreased cilia length and incidence. Disrupted cilia morphology also occurred in patient-derived photoreceptors, associated with progressive degeneration and cellular stress. In situ gene editing of a pathogenic mutation rescued protein expression and key cellular phenotypes in RPE and photoreceptors, providing proof of concept for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Buskin
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Lili Zhu
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Valeria Chichagova
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Basudha Basu
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Sina Mozaffari-Jovin
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Goettingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - David Dolan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Alastair Droop
- MRC Medical Bioinformatics Centre, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Joseph Collin
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Revital Bronstein
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Mass Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sudeep Mehrotra
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Mass Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Michael Farkas
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, State University of New York at Buffalo, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203-1121, USA
| | - Gerrit Hilgen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Kathryn White
- Electron Microscopy Research Services, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Kuan-Ting Pan
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Goettingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Achim Treumann
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Medical School, Newcastle University, Catherine Cookson Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Dean Hallam
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Katarzyna Bialas
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Git Chung
- Newcastle University Protein and Proteome Analysis (NUPPA), Devonshire Building, Devonshire Terrace, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Carla Mellough
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Yuchun Ding
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex Biosystems (ICOS) Research Group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Urban Sciences Building, 1 Science Square, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG, UK
| | - Natalio Krasnogor
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex Biosystems (ICOS) Research Group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Urban Sciences Building, 1 Science Square, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG, UK
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Simon Zwolinski
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jumana Al-Aama
- Princess Al Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, 7393 Al-Malae'b St, Jeddah, 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Alharthi
- Princess Al Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, 7393 Al-Malae'b St, Jeddah, 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaobo Xu
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Gabrielle Wheway
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Katarzyna Szymanska
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Martin McKibbin
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Chris F Inglehearn
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - David J Elliott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Susan Lindsay
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Robin R Ali
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - David H Steel
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Evelyne Sernagor
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Goettingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Eric Pierce
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Mass Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Reinhard Lührmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Goettingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Sushma-Nagaraja Grellscheid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormohlensgt 55, Bergen, N-5008, Norway.
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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50
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Chae JB, Rho CR, Shin JA, Lyu J, Kang S. Effects of Ranibizumab, Bevacizumab, and Aflibercept on Senescent Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2018; 32:328-338. [PMID: 30091312 PMCID: PMC6085187 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2017.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents have been used for the last 10 years, but their safety profile, including cytotoxicity against various ocular cells such as retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, remains a serious concern. Safety studies of VEGF agents conducted to date have primarily relied on healthy RPE cells. In this study, we assessed the safety of three anti-VEGF agents, namely, ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and aflibercept, on senescent RPE cells. METHODS Senescent human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE cells were generated by continuous replication and confirmed with senescence biomarkers. The viability, proliferation, protein expression, and phagocytosis of the senescent RPE cells were characterized 3 days after anti-VEGF treatment with clinical doses of ranibizumab, bevacizumab, or aflibercept. RESULTS Clinical doses of ranibizumab, bevacizumab, or aflibercept did not decrease the viability or alter proliferation of senescent RPE cells. In addition, the anti-VEGF agents did not induce additional senescence, impair the protein expression of zonula occludens-1 and RPE65, or reduce the phagocytosis capacity of senescent RPE cells. CONCLUSIONS Clinical dosages of ranibizumab, bevacizumab, or aflibercept do not induce significant cytotoxicity in senescent RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Byoung Chae
- Department of Medical Science, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Rae Rho
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungmook Lyu
- Department of Medical Science, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,Myunggok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Seungbum Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
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