1
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Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. How to Stabilize Large Soluble (Hetero-)Acenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16937-16949. [PMID: 38862130 PMCID: PMC11212629 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The higher acenes and azaacenes (>(aza)heptacenes) are fascinating, yet elusive materials. Their reactivity and sensitivity increases concomitantly with their size. In recent years, confinement techniques, that is isolation of acenes in matrices and on surfaces, has surpassed solution-based chemistry with respect to accessing the larger (hetero)acenes at the price of the accessibility of no more than a couple thousands of molecules. Isolating acenes in bulk quantities and in processable form is vital for applications in organic electronics as well as from a viewpoint from basic research. In this Perspective, we will discuss after a short historical outline their degradation pathways, and then will selectively highlight recent efforts in stabilizing soluble (aza)acenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Freudenberg
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Cador A, Kahlal S, Richards GJ, Halet JF, Hill JP. Protic Processes in an Extended Pyrazinacene: The Case of Dihydrotetradecaazaheptacene. Molecules 2024; 29:2407. [PMID: 38792268 PMCID: PMC11124472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrazinacenes are linearly fused heteroaromatic rings, with N atoms replacing all apical CH moieties. Component rings may exist in a reduced state, having NH groups instead of N, causing cross-conjugation. These compounds have interesting optical and electronic properties, including strong fluorescence in the near-infrared region and photocatalytic properties, leading to diverse possible applications in bio-imaging and organic synthesis, as well as obvious molecular electronic uses. In this study, we investigated the behavior of seven-ring pyrazinacene 2,3,11,12-tetraphenyl-7,16-dihydro-1,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,13,14,15,16,17,18-tetradecaazaheptacene (Ph4H2N14HEPT), with an emphasis on protic processes, including oxidation, tautomerism, deprotonation, and protonation, and the species resulting from those processes. We used computational methods to optimize the structures of the different species and generate/compare molecular orbital structures. The aromaticity of the species generated by the different processes was assessed using the nucleus-independent chemical shifts, and trends in the values were associated with the different transformations of the pyrazinacene core. The computational data were compared with experimental data obtained from synthetic samples of the molecule tBu8Ph4H2N14HEPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aël Cador
- French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, CEA Saclay, DRF/IRAMIS/NIMBE/LSDRM, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR), CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, F-35708 Rennes, France;
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR), CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, F-35708 Rennes, France;
| | - Gary J. Richards
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku 307, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi 337-8570, Saitama, Japan;
| | - Jean-François Halet
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR), CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, F-35708 Rennes, France;
- CNRS–Saint-Gobain–NIMS, IRL 3629, Laboratory for Innovative Key Materials and Structures (LINK), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
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3
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Ruan Z, Schramm J, Bauer JB, Naumann T, Bettinger HF, Tonner-Zech R, Gottfried JM. Synthesis of Tridecacene by Multistep Single-Molecule Manipulation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3700-3709. [PMID: 38216144 PMCID: PMC10870776 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Acenes represent a unique class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that have fascinated chemists and physicists due to their exceptional potential for use in organic electronics. While recent advances in on-surface synthesis have resulted in higher acenes up to dodecacene, a comprehensive understanding of their fundamental properties necessitates their expansion toward even longer homologues. Here, we demonstrate the on-surface synthesis of tridecacene via atom-manipulation-induced conformational preparation and dissociation of a trietheno-bridged precursor on a Au(111) surface. The generated tridecacene has been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS), combined with first-principles calculations. We observe that the STS transport gap (1.09 eV) shrinks again following the gap reopening of dodecacene (1.4 eV). Spin-polarized density functional theory calculations confirm an antiferromagnetic open-shell ground-state electronic configuration for tridecacene in the gas phase. Interestingly, tridecacene's open-shell character is significantly reduced upon interaction with the Au(111) surface despite being only physisorbed. The interaction with the surface leads to a lowering of the magnetization of tridecacene, a reduced gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), compared to the gas phase, and a reduced relative energy to the nonmagnetic state, making it nearly isoenergetic. These observations show qualitatively that the influence of the Au(111) substrate on the properties of long acenes is significant, which is important for interpreting the measured STS transport gaps. Our work contributes to a fundamental understanding of the electronic properties of long acenes, confirming a nonmonotonous length-dependent HOMO-LUMO gap, and to the development of multistep tip-assisted synthesis of elusive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Ruan
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Schramm
- Universität
Leipzig, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische
und Theoretische Chemie, Linnéstraße 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - John B. Bauer
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Naumann
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Tonner-Zech
- Universität
Leipzig, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische
und Theoretische Chemie, Linnéstraße 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - J. Michael Gottfried
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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4
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Pratakshya P, Xu C, Dibble DJ, Mukazhanova A, Liu P, Burke AM, Kurakake R, Lopez R, Dennison PR, Sharifzadeh S, Gorodetsky AA. Octopus-inspired deception and signaling systems from an exceptionally-stable acene variant. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8528. [PMID: 38135683 PMCID: PMC10746719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional platforms that can dynamically modulate their color and appearance have attracted attention for applications as varied as displays, signaling, camouflage, anti-counterfeiting, sensing, biomedical imaging, energy conservation, and robotics. Within this context, the development of camouflage systems with tunable spectroscopic and fluorescent properties that span the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectral regions has remained exceedingly challenging because of frequently competing materials and device design requirements. Herein, we draw inspiration from the unique blue rings of the Hapalochlaena lunulata octopus for the development of deception and signaling systems that resolve these critical challenges. As the active material, our actuator-type systems incorporate a readily-prepared and easily-processable nonacene-like molecule with an ambient-atmosphere stability that exceeds the state-of-the-art for comparable acenes by orders of magnitude. Devices from this active material feature a powerful and unique combination of advantages, including straightforward benchtop fabrication, competitive baseline performance metrics, robustness during cycling with the capacity for autonomous self-repair, and multiple dynamic multispectral operating modes. When considered together, the described exciting discoveries point to new scientific and technological opportunities in the areas of functional organic materials, reconfigurable soft actuators, and adaptive photonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeta Pratakshya
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Chengyi Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - David J Dibble
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Aliya Mukazhanova
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Panyiming Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Anthony M Burke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Reina Kurakake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Robert Lopez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Philip R Dennison
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sahar Sharifzadeh
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alon A Gorodetsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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5
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Zeitter N, Hippchen N, Weidlich A, Jäger P, Ludwig P, Rominger F, Dreuw A, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. Hexakis-TIPS-Alkynylated Nonacenes: Persistent and Processible. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302323. [PMID: 37490332 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Four substituted nonacenes were prepared and characterized by UV-vis and EPR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The compounds are the most stable and soluble nonacenes to date - due to six strategically placed triisopropylsilyl(TIPS)-ethynyl groups. They are stable for several weeks in the solid state. In dilute solution their half-life is 5-9 h. Crystal structure analyses of two nonacenes prove their structures. A nonacene derivative was tested in a solution-processed transistor and exhibits ambipolar charge transport (μe =0.007 cm2 /Vs; μh =0.023 cm2 /Vs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Zeitter
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Hippchen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Weidlich
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Jäger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Ludwig
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Metzler M, Virovets A, Lerner HW, Wagner M. B 2,N 4-Doped Heptacenes: Ambipolar Charge-Transfer Compounds with Deep LUMO Levels. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23824-23831. [PMID: 37862629 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The B2,N4-doped heptacene H4 in which two N,N'-dihydrophenazine units are linked by two BMes bridges (Mes = mesityl) was synthesized via fourfold Buchwald-Hartwig coupling between 2,3,6,7-tetrachloro-9,10-dimesityl-9,10-dihydro-9,10-diboraanthracene and o-phenylenediamine (tBuXPhos-Pd-G3, DBU/NaOTf, 2-MeTHF, 50 °C, 16 h). Upon exposure to ambient air, H4 is oxidized to its N,N'-dihydro form H2; further oxidation with MnO2 furnishes the di(phenazine) derivative H0. Stirring under a blanket of H2 in the presence of Pd/C hydrogenates H0 back to H2 and ultimately H4. Yellow-colored H0 is a remarkably good electron acceptor with a LUMO-energy level of -3.9 eV; upon irradiation with a 405 nm LED in the presence of THF or 1,4-cyclohexadiene, H0 accepts two H atoms to furnish H2. One-electron reduction of H0 yields the isolable radical-anion salt Li[H0] (lithium naphthalenide, THF, -30 °C to rt). The ambipolar compounds H2 and H4 possess a navy blue and deep purple color, respectively, due to charge-transfer interactions from the electron-rich N,N'-dihydrophenazine donor(s) to the electron-accepting B2C4 core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Metzler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Alexander Virovets
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
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7
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Closed-shell and open-shell dual nature of singlet diradical compounds. PURE APPL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2023-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Unlike triplet diradicals, singlet diradicals can vary in diradical character from 0 % to 100 % depending on linker units that allow two formally unpaired electrons to couple covalently. In principle, the electronic structure of singlet diradicals can be described as a quantum superposition of closed-shell and open-shell structures. This means that, depending on the external environment, singlet diradicals can behave as either closed-shell or open-shell species. This paper summarizes our progress in understanding the electronic structure of π-conjugated singlet diradical molecules in terms of closed-shell and open-shell dual nature. We first discuss the coexistence of intra- and intermolecular covalent bonding interactions in the π-dimer of a singlet diradical molecule. The intra- and intermolecular coupling of two formally unpaired electrons are related to closed-shell and open-shell nature of singlet diradical, respectively. Then we demonstrate the coexistence of the covalent bonding interactions in the one-dimensional stack of singlet diradical molecules having different diradical character. The relative strength of the interactions is varied with the magnitude of singlet diradical index y
0. Finally, we show the dual reactivity of a singlet diradical molecule, which undergoes rapid [4 + 2] and [4 + 4] cycloaddition reactions in the dark at room temperature. Closed-shell and open-shell nature endow the singlet diradical molecule with the reaction manner as diene and diradical species, respectively.
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8
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Wu Z, Hippchen N, Han J, Ji L, Friedrich A, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Krebs J, Moos M, Biegger P, Tverskoy O, Maier S, Lambert C, Dreuw A, Marder TB, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. The Radical Anion and Dianion of Benzo[3,4]cyclobuta[1,2- b]phenazine. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36802620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
We present the reduction of two azaacenes (a benzo-[3,4]cyclobuta[1,2-b]phenazine and a benzo[3,4]cyclobuta[1,2-b]naphtho[2,3-i]phenazine derivative), featuring a single cyclobutadiene unit, to their radical anions and dianions. The reduced species were produced using potassium naphthalenide in the presence of 18-crown-6 in THF. Crystal structures of the reduced representatives were obtained and their optoelectronic properties evaluated. Charging these 4n Hückel systems gives dianionic 4n + 2 π-electron systems with increased antiaromaticity, according to NICS(1.7)zz calculations, featuring unusually red-shifted absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Hippchen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jie Han
- Interdisziplinares Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen and Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Krebs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Biegger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olena Tverskoy
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinares Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen and Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Tian G, Chen JF, Zhang K, Shi Y, Li C, Yin X, Liu K, Chen P. Applying the B/N Lewis Pair Approach to Access Fusion-Expanded Binaphthyl-Based Chiral Analogues. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15315-15319. [PMID: 36135458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We herein describe the synthesis of two axially chiral systems (HBN and BBN) by the incorporation of B centers into binaphthyl derivatives (HPy and BPy). Heteroatom-doped chiral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were thus formed by fusion of the azaboroles to binaphthyls with the formation of B-N dative bonds. The resulting B-N Lewis pairs that serve as attractive fluorophores enabled modulation of the chiroptical properties both in solution and in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jin-Fa Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Kanglei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
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10
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Zeitter N, Hippchen N, Maier S, Rominger F, Dreuw A, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. Persistent Ambipolar Heptacenes and Their Redox Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200918. [PMID: 35377538 PMCID: PMC9324111 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sixfold TIPS‐ethynylation combined with fourfold bromination of the armchair edges furnishes a long‐lived, soluble heptacene; π‐extension via Stille coupling accesses a persistent tetrabenzononacene. Both types of acenes were stabilized best by double TIPS‐ethynylation on every other benzene ring. Tetrabromoheptacene is an ambipolar transistor material (up to 0.036 cm2 V−1 s−1 n‐channel), which was corroborated by generation of its monoanion and monocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Zeitter
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nikolai Hippchen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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11
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Zeitter N, Hippchen N, Maier S, Rominger F, Dreuw A, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. Stabile Ambipolare Heptacene und deren Redox‐Spezies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Zeitter
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Nikolai Hippchen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
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12
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Ajayakumar MR, Ma J, Feng X. π‐Extended peri‐Acenes: Recent Progress in Synthesis and Characterization. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Ajayakumar
- Dresden University of Technology: Technische Universitat Dresden Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Dresden GERMANY
| | - Ji Ma
- Dresden University of Technology: Technische Universitat Dresden Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry 01069 Dresden GERMANY
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Technische Universitaet Dresden Chair for Molecular Functional Materials Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden GERMANY
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13
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Eimre K, Urgel JI, Hayashi H, Di Giovannantonio M, Ruffieux P, Sato S, Otomo S, Chan YS, Aratani N, Passerone D, Gröning O, Yamada H, Fasel R, Pignedoli CA. On-surface synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-substituted undecacenes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:511. [PMID: 35082284 PMCID: PMC8791976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-27961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heteroatom substitution in acenes allows tailoring of their remarkable electronic properties, expected to include spin-polarization and magnetism for larger members of the acene family. Here, we present a strategy for the on-surface synthesis of three undecacene analogs substituted with four nitrogen atoms on an Au(111) substrate, by employing specifically designed diethano-bridged precursors. A similarly designed precursor is used to synthesize the pristine undecacene molecule. By comparing experimental features of scanning probe microscopy with ab initio simulations, we demonstrate that the ground state of the synthesized tetraazaundecacene has considerable open-shell character on Au(111). Additionally, we demonstrate that the electronegative nitrogen atoms induce a considerable shift in energy level alignment compared to the pristine undecacene, and that the introduction of hydro-aza groups causes local anti-aromaticity in the synthesized compounds. Our work provides access to the precise fabrication of nitrogen-substituted acenes and their analogs, potential building-blocks of organic electronics and spintronics, and a rich playground to explore π-electron correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan Eimre
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - José I Urgel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Shizuka Sato
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Satoru Otomo
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yee Seng Chan
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Daniele Passerone
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gröning
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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14
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Ito M, Sakai M, Ando N, Yamaguchi S. Electron-Deficient Heteroacenes that Contain Two Boron Atoms: Near-Infrared Fluorescence Based on a Push-Pull Effect*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21853-21859. [PMID: 34115434 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electron-deficient heteroacenes that contain two tricoordinate boron atoms in their acene skeletons and planarized phenyl ether moieties at their periphery were synthesized via the borylation of silicon-bridged precursors. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed quinoidal structures, which give rise to two-step reversible redox processes for both the reduction and oxidation. These compounds exhibit intense absorption and sharp fluorescence bands with vibronic structures in the near-infrared (NIR) region. These properties originate from the push-pull effect along the long axis of the molecule derived from the electron-donating ether moieties and the electron-accepting boron moieties. Of particular note is the NIR emission of the thienothiophene-centered heteroacene, which has a maximum at 952 nm with a narrow band width of 309 cm-1 in cyclohexane. A Franck-Condon analysis revealed the crucial role of the sterically less-hindered thienothiophene spacer in achieving this sharp emission band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mika Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Naoki Ando
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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15
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Ito M, Sakai M, Ando N, Yamaguchi S. Electron‐Deficient Heteroacenes that Contain Two Boron Atoms: Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Based on a Push–Pull Effect**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ito
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
| | - Mika Sakai
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
| | - Naoki Ando
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8601 Japan
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16
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Ayani CG, Pisarra M, Urgel JI, Navarro JJ, Díaz C, Hayashi H, Yamada H, Calleja F, Miranda R, Fasel R, Martín F, Vázquez de Parga AL. Efficient photogeneration of nonacene on nanostructured graphene. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:744-750. [PMID: 34165121 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00184a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The on-surface photogeneration of nonacene from α-bisdiketone precursors deposited on nanostructured epitaxial graphene grown on Ru(0001) has been studied by means of low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The presence of an unoccupied surface state, spatially localized in the regions where the precursors are adsorbed, and energetically accessible in the region of the electromagnetic spectrum where n-π* transitions take place, allows for a 100% conversion of the precursors into nonacenes. With the help of state-of-the-art theoretical calculations, we show that such a high yield is due to the effective population of the surface state by the incoming light and the ensuing electron transfer to the unoccupied states of the precursors through an inelastic scattering mechanism. Our findings are the experimental confirmation that surface states can play a prominent role in the surface photochemistry of complex molecular systems, in accordance with early theoretical predictions made on small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosme G Ayani
- Dep Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Yang X, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Benzo-Fused Perylene Oligomers with up to 13 Linearly Annulated Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7941-7946. [PMID: 33460231 PMCID: PMC8048933 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The longer acenes with more than six linearly fused six-membered rings are still fascinating chemists and physicists because of their unique photophysical properties and their high potential for organic electronics applications. Unfortunately, with increasing size (seven and more rings) these compounds rapidly lose chemical stability. Besides kinetic and chemical stabilization approaches introducing either bulky or electron-withdrawing groups or both, such systems also have been stabilized by peri-annulation. Although strictly spoken, these peri-annulated compounds are no longer real acenes, they have fascinating properties as well. Herein, we describe the first synthesis of a new series of peri-annulated acenes with up to 13 linearly fused rings, which is unprecedented till date. Furthermore, this new series contains perylene units connected through benzene rings along their [b,k]edges, responsible for unique absorption and emission properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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18
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Yang X, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Benzo‐Fused Perylene Oligomers with up to 13 Linearly Annulated Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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19
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Tönshoff C, Bettinger HF. Pushing the Limits of Acene Chemistry: The Recent Surge of Large Acenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:3193-3212. [PMID: 33368683 PMCID: PMC7898397 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acenes, consisting of linearly fused benzene rings, are an important fundamental class of organic compounds with various applications. Hexacene is the largest acene that was synthesized and isolated in the 20th century. The next largest member of the acene family, heptacene, was observed in 2007 and since then significant progress in preparing acenes has been reported. Significantly larger acenes, up to undecacene, could be studied by means of low-temperature matrix isolation spectroscopy with in situ photolytic generation, and up to dodecacene by means of on-surface synthesis employing innovative precursors and highly defined crystalline metal surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The review summarizes recent experimental and theoretical advances in the area of acenes that give a significantly deeper insight into the fundamental properties and nature of the electronic structure of this fascinating class of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tönshoff
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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20
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21
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Hindenberg P, Rominger F, Romero‐Nieto C. Hin zur Kontrolle lumineszenter, optisch‐aktiver 3D‐Architekturen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hindenberg
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Organisch-Chemisches Institut Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Frank Rominger
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Organisch-Chemisches Institut Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Carlos Romero‐Nieto
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Organisch-Chemisches Institut Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Pharmazeutische Fakultät Calle Almansa 14 – Edif. Bioincubadora 02008 Albacete Spanien
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22
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Hindenberg P, Rominger F, Romero‐Nieto C. En Route Towards the Control of Luminescent, Optically-Active 3D Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:766-773. [PMID: 32985792 PMCID: PMC7820950 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
π-Extended systems are key components for the development of future organic electronic technologies. While conceiving molecules with improved properties is fundamental for the evolution of materials science, keeping control over the 3D arrangement of molecules represents an ever-expanding challenge. Herein, a synthetic protocol to replace carbon atoms of π-systems by dissymmetric phosphorus atoms is reported; in particular, it allowed for conceiving new fused phosphapyrene derivatives with improved properties. The presence of dissymmetric phosphorus atoms precluded the formation of excimers. X-ray diffraction revealed that, meanwhile, strong intermolecular interactions are taking place in the solid state. The phosphapyrenes photoluminesce in the visible region with high quantum yields; importantly, they are CD-active. In addition, the unique non-planar features of phosphorus atoms allowed for the control of the 3D arrangement of molecules, rendering lemniscate-like structures. Based on our discoveries, we envisage the possibility to construct higher-order, chiral 3D architectures from larger phosphorus-containing π-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hindenberg
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Carlos Romero‐Nieto
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaFaculty of PharmacyCalle Almansa 14 – Edif. Bioincubadora02008AlbaceteSpain
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23
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Gao H, Zhang G. Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Fused π‐Extended Acridone Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuai Gao
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Longpan Road 159 210037 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Longpan Road 159 210037 Nanjing P. R. China
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24
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Gajda M, Gajda Ł, Kupka T, Kar T. Local aromaticity in polyacenes manifested by individual proton and carbon shieldings: DFT mapping of aromaticity. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:145-153. [PMID: 31713900 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exponential dependencies between locally calculated geometric and magnetic indexes of aromaticity, harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) and nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS)(0), NICS(1) and NICS(1)zz, and the number of conjugated benzene rings in linear acenes, from benzene to decacene were observed at B3LYP/6-311+G** level of theory. Correlations between HOMA and NICS indexes showed exponential dependencies and were fitted with simple three-parameter function. Similar correlations between both indexes of aromaticity and proton and carbon nuclear isotropic shieldings of individual acene rings were observed. Contrary to proton data, the predicted 13 C nuclear isotropic shieldings of carbon atoms belonging to inner rings in polyacenes were less shielded, indicating lower aromaticity and therefore, higher reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gajda
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gajda
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Teobald Kupka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Tapas Kar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, UT
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25
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Campisi D, Simonsen FDS, Thrower JD, Jaganathan R, Hornekær L, Martinazzo R, Tielens AGGM. Superhydrogenation of pentacene: the reactivity of zigzag-edges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:1557-1565. [PMID: 31872819 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05440e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the hydrogenation of carbonaceous materials is of interest in a wide range of research areas including electronic device development, hydrogen storage, and, in particular, astrocatalytic formation of molecular hydrogen in the universe. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in space, locking up close to 15% of the elementary carbon. We have used thermal desorption measurements to study the hydrogenation sequence of pentacene from adding one additional H to the fully hydrogenated pentacene species. The experiments reveal that hydrogenated species with an even number of excess H atoms are highly preferred over hydrogenated species with an odd number of H atoms. In addition, the experiments show that specific hydrogenation states of pentacene with 2, 4, 6, 10, 16 and 22 extra H atoms are preferred over other even numbers. We have investigated the structural stability and activation energy barriers for the superhydrogenation of pentacene using Density Functional Theory. The results reveal a preferential hydrogenation pattern set by the activation energy barriers of the hydrogenation steps. Based on these studies, we formulate simple concepts governing the hydrogenation that apply equally well for different PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Campisi
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | - John D Thrower
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rijutha Jaganathan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Liv Hornekær
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark and Interdisciplinary Nano-Science Centre (iNano), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Rocco Martinazzo
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
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26
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Ahrens L, Butscher J, Brosius V, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Vaynzof Y, Bunz UHF. Azaacene Dimers: Acceptor Materials with a Twist. Chemistry 2020; 26:412-418. [PMID: 31657859 PMCID: PMC6973103 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of five spiro-linked azaacene dimers is reported and their properties are compared to that of their monomers. Dimerization quenches emission of the longer (≥(hetero)tetracenes) derivatives and furnishes amorphous thin-films, the absorption is not affected. The larger derivatives were tested as acceptors in bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic devices with a maximum power conversion efficiency of up to 1.6 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Ahrens
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Julian Butscher
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM) and Kirchhoff Institute for PhysicsIm Neuenheimer Feld 225 & 22769120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Victor Brosius
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM) and Kirchhoff Institute for PhysicsIm Neuenheimer Feld 225 & 22769120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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27
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Duwald R, Bosson J, Pascal S, Grass S, Zinna F, Besnard C, Di Bari L, Jacquemin D, Lacour J. Merging polyacenes and cationic helicenes: from weak to intense chiroptical properties in the far red region. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1165-1169. [PMID: 34084373 PMCID: PMC8145434 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05407c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of helical tetracenes and pentacenes was synthesized from cationic [6] and [4]helicene precursors. These colorful acenes fluoresce in the far red region. While [4]helicene-based pentacenes exhibit chiroptical properties mainly in the UV region, [6]helicene-derived tetracenes show enhanced ECD in the visible range, in addition to clear CPL responses. This difference is rationalized using first principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Duwald
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Johann Bosson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Simon Pascal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Grass
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa Via Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Céline Besnard
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie, University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 24 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa Via Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
| | - Jérôme Lacour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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28
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Thusek J, Hoffmann M, Hübner O, Tverskoy O, Bunz UHF, Dreuw A, Himmel H. Low-Energy Electronic Excitations of N-Substituted Heteroacene Molecules: Matrix Isolation Spectroscopy in Concert with Quantum-Chemical Calculations. Chemistry 2019; 25:15147-15154. [PMID: 31482610 PMCID: PMC6899788 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
N-Heteropolycycles are attractive as materials in organic electronic devices. However, a detailed understanding of the low-energy electronic excitation characteristics of these species is still lacking. In this work, the matrix isolation technique is applied to obtain high-resolution absorbance spectra for a series of tetracene and core-substituted N-analogues. The experimental electronic excitation spectra obtained for matrix-isolated molecules are then analysed with the help of quantum-chemical calculations. Additional lower energy excitation bands in the spectrum of the core-substituted N-derivatives of tetracene could be explained in terms of intensity borrowing from dipole-forbidden transitions due to Herzberg-Teller vibronic coupling. In the case of tetracene, evidence for the additional formation of London dimers (J aggregates) is found at higher tetracene concentrations in the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Thusek
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Marvin Hoffmann
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches RechnenRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 20569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Olena Tverskoy
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches RechnenRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 20569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27569120HeidelbergGermany
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29
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Aida Y, Shibata Y, Tanaka K. Facile Synthesis of Dibenzotetracenedione Derivatives by Rhodium-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition/Spontaneous Aromatization. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1823-1829. [PMID: 30560555 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been established that a cationic rhodium(I)/SEGPHOS complex catalyzes the [2+2+2] cycloaddition of biphenyl-linked 1,7-diynes with 1,4-naphthoquinone and anthracene-1,4-dione. Conveniently, spontaneous aromatization proceeded upon removal of the rhodium complex by passing the reaction mixture through an alumina column, to give the corresponding dibenzotetracenediones and dibenzopentacenediones, respectively, in good yields. The obtained dibenzotetracenedione could be readily transformed into the corresponding dibenzotetracene in good yield. This dibenzotetracene showed blue fluorescence with a good quantum yield, which was significantly higher than those of tetracene, tetrabenzotetracene, and hexabenzotetracene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimasa Aida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yu Shibata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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30
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Photochemistry of various acene based molecules. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Urgel JI, Mishra S, Hayashi H, Wilhelm J, Pignedoli CA, Di Giovannantonio M, Widmer R, Yamashita M, Hieda N, Ruffieux P, Yamada H, Fasel R. On-surface light-induced generation of higher acenes and elucidation of their open-shell character. Nat Commun 2019; 10:861. [PMID: 30787280 PMCID: PMC6382834 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acenes are an important class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which have recently gained exceptional attention due to their potential as functional organic semiconductors. Fundamentally, they are important systems to study the convergence of physico-chemical properties of all-carbon sp2-frameworks in the one-dimensional limit; and by virtue of having a zigzag edge topology they also provide a fertile playground to explore magnetism in graphenic nanostructures. The study of larger acenes is thus imperative from both a fundamental and applied perspective, but their synthesis via traditional solution-chemistry route is hindered by their poor solubility and high reactivity. Here, we demonstrate the on-surface formation of heptacene and nonacene, via visible-light-induced photo-dissociation of α-bisdiketone precursors on an Au(111) substrate under ultra-high vacuum conditions. Through combined scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy investigations, together with state-of-the-art first principles calculations, we provide insight into the chemical and electronic structure of these elusive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- José I Urgel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Shantanu Mishra
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Jan Wilhelm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Roland Widmer
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Masataka Yamashita
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Nao Hieda
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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32
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Han J, Liu X, Li Y, Lou Z, Yi M, Kong H, Luo J. New synthetic approaches for hexacene and its application in thin-film transistors. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00708c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hexacene was synthesized at the single molecule level and macroscopic scale, respectively. The film mobility of hexacene was observed at 0.123 cm2 V−1 s−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Han
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Xinbang Liu
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Zihao Lou
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Mingdong Yi
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Huihui Kong
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
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33
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Zuzak R, Dorel R, Kolmer M, Szymonski M, Godlewski S, Echavarren AM. Higher Acenes by On‐Surface Dehydrogenation: From Heptacene to Undecacene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAMFaculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer ScienceJagiellonian University Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Ruth Dorel
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Marek Kolmer
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAMFaculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer ScienceJagiellonian University Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Marek Szymonski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAMFaculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer ScienceJagiellonian University Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAMFaculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer ScienceJagiellonian University Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica i AnalíticaUniversitat Rovira i Virgil C/Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
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34
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Shen B, Tatchen J, Sanchez‐Garcia E, Bettinger HF. Evolution of the Optical Gap in the Acene Series: Undecacene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shen
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Jörg Tatchen
- Computational BiochemistryUniversity of Duisburg-Essen 45141 Essen Germany
| | | | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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35
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Zuzak R, Dorel R, Kolmer M, Szymonski M, Godlewski S, Echavarren AM. Higher Acenes by On-Surface Dehydrogenation: From Heptacene to Undecacene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10500-10505. [PMID: 29791082 PMCID: PMC6099251 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A unified approach to the synthesis of the series of higher acenes up to previously unreported undecacene has been developed through the on-surface dehydrogenation of partially saturated precursors. These molecules could be converted into the parent acenes by both atomic manipulation with the tip of a scanning tunneling and atomic force microscope (STM/AFM) as well as by on-surface annealing. The structure of the generated acenes has been visualized by high-resolution non-contact AFM imaging and the evolution of the transport gap with the increase of the number of fused benzene rings has been determined on the basis of scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ruth Dorel
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marek Kolmer
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Szymonski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgil, C/Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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36
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Shen B, Tatchen J, Sanchez‐Garcia E, Bettinger HF. Evolution of the Optical Gap in the Acene Series: Undecacene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10506-10509. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shen
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Jörg Tatchen
- Computational BiochemistryUniversity of Duisburg-Essen 45141 Essen Germany
| | | | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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37
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Gold(I)-Catalysis for the Synthesis of Terpenoids: From Intramolecular Cascades to Intermolecular Cycloadditions. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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38
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Zuzak R, Dorel R, Krawiec M, Such B, Kolmer M, Szymonski M, Echavarren AM, Godlewski S. Nonacene Generated by On-Surface Dehydrogenation. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9321-9329. [PMID: 28817255 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The on-surface synthesis of nonacene has been accomplished by dehydrogenation of an air-stable partially saturated precursor, which could be aromatized by using a combined scanning tunneling and atomic force microscope as well as by on-surface annealing. This transformation allowed the in-detail analysis of the electronic properties of nonacene molecules physisorbed on Au(111) by scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements. The spatial mapping of molecular orbitals was corroborated by density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, the thermally induced dehydrogenation uncovered the isomerization of intermediate dihydrononacene species, which allowed for their in-depth structural and electronic characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ruth Dorel
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mariusz Krawiec
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University , Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Such
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Kolmer
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Szymonski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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39
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Bettanin F, Ferrão LFA, Pinheiro M, Aquino AJA, Lischka H, Machado FBC, Nachtigallova D. Singlet L a and L b Bands for N-Acenes (N = 2-7): A CASSCF/CASPT2 Study. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:4297-4306. [PMID: 28719203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work CASPT2 calculations of polyacenes (from naphthalene to heptacene) were performed to find a methodology suitable for calculations of the absorption spectra, in particular of the La (B2u state) and Lb (B3u state) bands, of more extended systems. The effect of the extension of the active space and of freezing σ orbitals was investigated. The MCSCF excitation energy of the B2u state is not sensitive to the size of the active space used. However, the CASPT2 results depend strongly on the amount of σ orbitals frozen reflecting the ionic character of the B2u state. On the other hand, the excitation energies of the B3u state are much more sensitive to the size of the active space used in the calculations reflecting its multiconfigurational character. We found a good agreement with experimental data for both bands by including 14 electrons in 14 π orbitals in the active space followed by the CASPT2(14,14) perturbation scheme in which both σ and π orbitals are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Bettanin
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico da Aeronáutica , São José dos Campos, 122228-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz F A Ferrão
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico da Aeronáutica , São José dos Campos, 122228-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Max Pinheiro
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico da Aeronáutica , São José dos Campos, 122228-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adélia J A Aquino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Hans Lischka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Francisco B C Machado
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico da Aeronáutica , São José dos Campos, 122228-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dana Nachtigallova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University , Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic
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40
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Zugermeier M, Gruber M, Schmid M, Klein BP, Ruppenthal L, Müller P, Einholz R, Hieringer W, Berndt R, Bettinger HF, Gottfried JM. On-surface synthesis of heptacene and its interaction with a metal surface. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:12461-12469. [PMID: 28813050 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04157h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Heptacene was generated by surface-assisted didecarbonylation of an α-diketone precursor on a Ag(111) surface. Monitoring of the surface reaction and characterization of the adsorbed heptacene was performed with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The surface-assisted formation of heptacene occurs around 460 K. Both the heptacene and the precursor molecules are oriented along the high-symmetry directions of the (111) surface and their molecular π systems face towards the substrate. The interaction with the Ag(111) substrate is not laterally uniform, but appears to be strongest on the central part of the molecule, in line with the expectations from Clar's rule. In the STM images, heptacene shows a dumbbell shape, which may correspond to the substantial out-of-plane deformations of heptacene on Ag(111). As revealed by DFT, the center of the molecule is closer to the surface than the outer parts. In addition, the inner rings are most affected by charge redistribution between surface and molecule. Heptacene acts as an acceptor and receives a negative charge of -0.6e from the Ag(111) surface. Since vacuum-sublimable α-diketone precursors for even larger acenes are available, the approach is promising for the on-surface synthesis of higher acene homologues such as octacene and nonacene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Zugermeier
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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41
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Krüger J, García F, Eisenhut F, Skidin D, Alonso JM, Guitián E, Pérez D, Cuniberti G, Moresco F, Peña D. Decacene: On-Surface Generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justus Krüger
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden; TU Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Fátima García
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782- Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Frank Eisenhut
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden; TU Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Dmitry Skidin
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden; TU Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - José M. Alonso
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782- Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Enrique Guitián
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782- Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782- Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden; TU Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Francesca Moresco
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden; TU Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782- Santiago de Compostela Spain
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42
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Krüger J, García F, Eisenhut F, Skidin D, Alonso JM, Guitián E, Pérez D, Cuniberti G, Moresco F, Peña D. Decacene: On-Surface Generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11945-11948. [PMID: 28771920 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acenes are intriguing molecules with unique electronic properties. The difficulties in their preparation owing to low stability under ambient conditions are apparent because successful syntheses of long unsubstituted acenes are still scarce, in spite of the great attention they have attracted. Only unsubstituted acenes up to heptacene have been isolated in bulk, with nonacene being the largest acene detected to date. Herein we use on-surface assisted reduction of tetraepoxy decacene precursors on Au(111) as the key step to generate unprecedented decacene which is visualized and its electronic resonances studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Krüger
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fátima García
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Frank Eisenhut
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dmitry Skidin
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - José M Alonso
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Enrique Guitián
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Francesca Moresco
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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43
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Urgel JI, Hayashi H, Di Giovannantonio M, Pignedoli CA, Mishra S, Deniz O, Yamashita M, Dienel T, Ruffieux P, Yamada H, Fasel R. On-Surface Synthesis of Heptacene Organometallic Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11658-11661. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José I. Urgel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Carlo A. Pignedoli
- NCCR MARVEL, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Shantanu Mishra
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Okan Deniz
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Masataka Yamashita
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Thomas Dienel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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44
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(Electro)chemical Oxidation of 6,13-Bis[tri(isopropyl)silylethynyl]pentacene to its Radical Cation and Dication. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2266-2278. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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45
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Marshall JL, Lehnherr D, Lindner BD, Tykwinski RR. Reductive Aromatization/Dearomatization and Elimination Reactions to Access Conjugated Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Heteroacenes, and Cumulenes. Chempluschem 2017; 82:967-1001. [PMID: 31961601 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acenes, heteroacenes, conjugated polycyclic hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (collectively referred to in this review as conjugated polycyclic molecules, CPMs) have fascinated chemists since they were first isolated and synthesized in the mid 19th century. Most recently, these compounds have shown significant promise as the active components in organic devices (e.g., solar cells, thin-film transistors, light-emitting diodes, etc.), and, since 2001, a plethora of publications detail synthetic strategies to produce CPMs. In this review, we discuss reductive aromatization, reductive dearomatization, and elimination/extrusion reactions used to form CPMs. After a brief discussion on early methods to synthesize CPMs, we detail the use of reagents used for the reductive (de)aromatization of precursors containing 1,4-diols/diethers, including SnCl2 and iodide (I- ). Extension of these methods to carbomers and cumulenes is briefly discussed. We then describe low-valent metal species used to reduce endoxides to CPMs, and discuss the methods to directly reduce acenediones and acenones to the respective acene. In the final section, we describe methods used to affect aromatization to the desired CPM via extrusion of small, volatile molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Benjamin D Lindner
- Department for Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICCM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada.,Department for Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICCM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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46
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Einholz R, Fang T, Berger R, Grüninger P, Früh A, Chassé T, Fink RF, Bettinger HF. Heptacene: Characterization in Solution, in the Solid State, and in Films. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4435-4442. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Einholz
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Treliant Fang
- Flux Research Institute LLC, 11444 Rothschild Place, Dublin, California 94568, United States
| | - Robert Berger
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- FIAS, Goethe-Universität, Ruth-Moufang-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Grüninger
- Institut
für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Früh
- Institut
für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institut
für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reinhold F. Fink
- Institut
für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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47
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Schmitteckert P, Thomale R, Korytár R, Evers F. Incommensurate quantum-size oscillations in acene-based molecular wires—Effects of quantum fluctuations. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4975319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schmitteckert
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ronny Thomale
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Richard Korytár
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Praha 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ferdinand Evers
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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48
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Takahashi I, Hayashi M, Fujita T, Ichikawa J. Brønsted Acid-catalyzed Tandem Cycloaromatization of Naphthalene-based Bisacetals: Selective Synthesis of ortho-Fused Six-hexagon Benzenoids. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.161122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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49
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Abstract
The outstanding performance of pentacene-based molecules in molecular electronics, as well as the predicted enhanced semiconducting properties of extended acenes, have stimulated the development of new synthetic methods and functionalization strategies for the preparation of stable and soluble acenes larger than tetracene with the aim of obtaining improved functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
- Departament de Química Orgànica i AnalíticaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliC/ Marcel43007TarragonaSpain
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50
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Wetzel C, Vogt A, Rudnick A, Mena-Osteritz E, Köhler A, Bäuerle P. Thiophene–pyrrole containing S,N-heteroheptacenes: synthesis, and optical and electrochemical characterisation. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00294g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel S,N-heteroheptacenes SN7a–d with a variable thiophene–pyrrole ratio and a heteroring fusion sequence were synthesized and the electronic properties were characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wetzel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Astrid Vogt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Alexander Rudnick
- Experimental Physics II and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF)
- University of Bayreuth
- 95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
| | - Elena Mena-Osteritz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Anna Köhler
- Experimental Physics II and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF)
- University of Bayreuth
- 95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
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