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Anselmi C, Mendes Soares IP, Mota RLM, Leite ML, Ribeiro RADO, Fernandes LDO, Bottino MC, de Souza Costa CA, Hebling J. Functionalization of PCL-Based Fiber Scaffolds with Different Sources of Calcium and Phosphate and Odontogenic Potential on Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:97. [PMID: 38667554 PMCID: PMC11051160 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the incorporation of sources of calcium, phosphate, or both into electrospun scaffolds and evaluated their bioactivity on human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). Additionally, scaffolds incorporated with calcium hydroxide (CH) were characterized for degradation, calcium release, and odontogenic differentiation by HDPCs. Polycaprolactone (PCL) was electrospun with or without 0.5% w/v of calcium hydroxide (PCL + CH), nano-hydroxyapatite (PCL + nHA), or β-glycerophosphate (PCL + βGP). SEM/EDS analysis confirmed fibrillar morphology and particle incorporation. HDPCs were cultured on the scaffolds to assess cell viability, adhesion, spreading, and mineralized matrix formation. PCL + CH was also evaluated for gene expression of odontogenic markers (RT-qPCR). Data were submitted to ANOVA and Student's t-test (α = 5%). Added CH increased fiber diameter and interfibrillar spacing, whereas βGP decreased both. PCL + CH and PCL + nHA improved HDPC viability, adhesion, and proliferation. Mineralization was increased eightfold with PCL + CH. Scaffolds containing CH gradually degraded over six months, with calcium release within the first 140 days. CH incorporation upregulated DSPP and DMP1 expression after 7 and 14 days. In conclusion, CH- and nHA-laden PCL fiber scaffolds were cytocompatible and promoted HDPC adhesion, proliferation, and mineralized matrix deposition. PCL + CH scaffolds exhibit a slow degradation profile, providing sustained calcium release and stimulating HDPCs to upregulate odontogenesis marker genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Anselmi
- Department of Morphology, Orthodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil; (C.A.); (R.L.M.M.)
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.P.M.S.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Igor Paulino Mendes Soares
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.P.M.S.); (M.C.B.)
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil;
| | - Rafaella Lara Maia Mota
- Department of Morphology, Orthodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil; (C.A.); (R.L.M.M.)
| | - Maria Luísa Leite
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Rafael Antonio de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil;
| | - Lídia de Oliveira Fernandes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marco C. Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.P.M.S.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil;
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Morphology, Orthodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil; (C.A.); (R.L.M.M.)
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2
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Ribeiro JS, Xavier SR, Cuevas Suárez CE, Pappen FG, Piva E, Lund RG, Bottino MC. Synthesis and characterization of calcium-releasing elastomeric resin-based endodontic sealers. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:3447-3456. [PMID: 36947264 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04952-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the incorporation of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with one of two calcium sources (i.e., calcium hydroxide/CaOH2 or beta-tricalcium phosphate/β-TCP) on the physicochemical and biological properties of an experimental resin-based dual-cured endodontic sealer. MATERIALS AND METHODS HNTs were encapsulated with CaOH2 or β-TCP at 10 wt.%. HNTs containing CaOH2 or β-TCP were added into the experimental sealers at 50 wt.%. The control sealers were the calcium-free HNT-modified resin-based experimental sealer and AH Plus™, a commercially available endodontic sealer. Degree of conversion, setting time, flow, film thickness, radiopacity, dimensional stability, and calcium ions release were determined. Antibiofilm properties and cytocompatibility of the formulated sealers and commercial control were also evaluated. One and two-way ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey's post hoc test was conducted to evaluate the effect of the independent variable on the evaluated properties. RESULTS FTIR confirmed the encapsulation of calcium sources into HNTs. Regarding flow and film thickness, the values obtained from these sealers were in accordance with the specifications provided by ISO 6876. For radiopacity, AH Plus™ achieved the highest radiopacity (p<0.05). Among the experimental formulations, all experimental HNT-containing compositions exhibited values below 3 mm Al. The experimental sealers showed greater dimensional changes when compared to the commercial (AH Plus™) control. The release of calcium ions was observed for the HNT_CaOH2 and HNT_β-TCP sealers without statistical differences. Experimental sealers containing HNT_CaOH2 and HNT_β-TCP significantly reduced the CFU/mL count and showed cell compatibility. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study demonstrate that the incorporation of HNT_CaOH2 or HNT_β-TCP into resin-based experimental sealers promoted antimicrobial effects and gradual calcium release without impairing cytocompatibility or physicochemical properties of the sealers. Still, an adjustment to reach the minimal radiopacity established by ISO 6876 is needed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The experimental resin-based sealers seemed to be an alternative for endodontics. The incorporation of calcium sources exerts promising antimicrobial effects while displaying low cell toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Ribeiro
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Samantha R Xavier
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Cuevas Suárez
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, 42160, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Fernanda G Pappen
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Evandro Piva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael G Lund
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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3
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Electrospinning and its potential in fabricating pharmaceutical dosage form. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Noohi P, Abdekhodaie MJ, Nekoofar MH, Galler KM, Dummer PMH. Advances in Scaffolds Used for Pulp-Dentine Complex Tissue Engineering - A Narrative Review. Int Endod J 2022; 55:1277-1316. [PMID: 36039729 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pulp necrosis in immature teeth disrupts root development and predisposes roots to fracture as a consequence of their thin walls and open apices. Regenerative endodontics is a developing treatment modality whereby necrotic pulps are replaced with newly formed healthy tissue inside the root canal. Many clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of this strategy to stimulate root maturation and apical root-end closure. However, clinical outcomes are patient-dependent and unpredictable. The development of predictable clinical protocols is achieved through the interplay of the three classical elements of tissue engineering, namely, stem cells, signaling molecules, and scaffolds. Scaffolds provide structural support for cells to adhere and proliferate and also regulate cell differentiation and metabolism. Hence, designing and fabricating an appropriate scaffold is a crucial step in tissue engineering. In this review, four main classes of scaffolds used to engineer pulp-dentine complexes, including bioceramic-based scaffolds, synthetic polymer-based scaffolds, natural polymer-based scaffolds, and composite scaffolds, are covered. Additionally, recent advances in the design, fabrication, and application of such scaffolds are analysed along with their advantages and limitations. Finally, the importance of vascular network establishment in the success of pulp-dentine complex regeneration and strategies used to create scaffolds to address this challenge are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Noohi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad J Abdekhodaie
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Nekoofar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Endodontic, Bahçeşehir University School of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kerstin M Galler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul M H Dummer
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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A Bibliometric Analysis of Electrospun Nanofibers for Dentistry. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030090. [PMID: 35893458 PMCID: PMC9326643 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers have been widely used in dentistry due to their excellent properties, such as high surface area and high porosity, this bibliometric study aimed to review the application fields, research status, and development trends of electrospun nanofibers in different fields of dentistry in recent years. All of the data were obtained from the Web of Science from 2004 to 2021. Origin, Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, and Carrot2 were used to process, analyze, and evaluate the publication year, countries/region, affiliations, authors, citations, keywords, and journal data. After being refined by the year of publication, document types and research fields, a total of 378 publications were included in this study, and an increasing number of publications was evident. Through linear regression calculations, it is predicted that the number of published articles in 2022 will be 66. The most published journal about electrospun dental materials is Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications, among the six core journals identified, the percent of journals with Journal Citation Reports (JCR) Q1 was 60%. A total of 17.60% of the publications originated from China, and the most productive institution was the University of Sheffield. Among all the 1949 authors, the most productive author was Marco C. Bottino. Most electrospun dental nanofibers are used in periodontal regeneration, and Polycaprolactone (PCL) is the most frequently used material in all studies. With the global upsurge in research on electrospun dental materials, bone regeneration, tissue regeneration, and cell differentiation and proliferation will still be the research hotspots of electrospun dental materials in recent years. Extensive collaboration and citations among authors, institutions and countries will also reach a new level.
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Fu Z, Zhuang Y, Cui J, Sheng R, Tomás H, Rodrigues J, Zhao B, Wang X, Lin K. Development and challenges of cells- and materials-based tooth regeneration. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Kroczek K, Turek P, Mazur D, Szczygielski J, Filip D, Brodowski R, Balawender K, Przeszłowski Ł, Lewandowski B, Orkisz S, Mazur A, Budzik G, Cebulski J, Oleksy M. Characterisation of Selected Materials in Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1526. [PMID: 35458276 PMCID: PMC9027145 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field of science that has developed very intensively in recent years. The first part of this review describes materials with medical and dental applications from the following groups: metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Both positive and negative sides of their application are presented from the point of view of medical application and mechanical properties. A variety of techniques for the manufacture of biomedical components are presented in this review. The main focus of this work is on additive manufacturing and 3D printing, as these modern techniques have been evaluated to be the best methods for the manufacture of medical and dental devices. The second part presents devices for skull bone reconstruction. The materials from which they are made and the possibilities offered by 3D printing in this field are also described. The last part concerns dental transitional implants (scaffolds) for guided bone regeneration, focusing on polylactide-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite due to its unique properties. This section summarises the current knowledge of scaffolds, focusing on the material, mechanical and biological requirements, the effects of these devices on the human body, and their great potential for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Kroczek
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Paweł Turek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (Ł.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Damian Mazur
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jacek Szczygielski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (S.O.); (A.M.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Damian Filip
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Robert Brodowski
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Fryderyk Chopin Clinical Voivodeship Hospital No.1 in Rzeszow, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Balawender
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (S.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Łukasz Przeszłowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (Ł.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Bogumił Lewandowski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (S.O.); (A.M.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Fryderyk Chopin Clinical Voivodeship Hospital No.1 in Rzeszow, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Orkisz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (S.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Artur Mazur
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (S.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Grzegorz Budzik
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (Ł.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Józef Cebulski
- Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Oleksy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
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8
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Anselmi C, Mendes Soares IP, Leite ML, Kitagawa FA, de Souza Costa CA, Hebling J. Cytocompatibility and bioactivity of calcium hydroxide-containing nanofiber scaffolds loaded with fibronectin for dentin tissue engineering. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4031-4047. [PMID: 35029747 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterize polycaprolactone-based nanofiber scaffolds (PCL) incorporated with calcium hydroxide (CH) and evaluate their bioactivity on human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) when loaded with fibronectin (FN). MATERIALS AND METHODS CH (0.1%; 0.2%; 0.4% w/v; or 0%) was incorporated into PCL (10% w/v) scaffolds prepared by electrospinning. Morphology and composition were characterized using SEM/EDS. HDPCs were seeded on the scaffolds and evaluated for viability (alamarBlue; Live/Dead), and adhesion/spreading (F-actin). Next, scaffolds containing 0.4% CH were loaded with FN (20 µg/mL). HDPCs were evaluated for viability, adhesion/spreading, migration (Trans-well), gene expression (RT-qPCR), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and mineralization nodules (Alizarin Red). Data were submitted to ANOVA and post-hoc tests (α = 5%). RESULTS Nanofibers with larger diameter were seen as CH concentration increased, while there was no effect on interfibrillar spaces. An increase in cell viability was seen for 0.4% CH, in all periods. Incorporation of CH and FN into the scaffolds increased cellular migration, spread, and viability, all intensified when CH and FN were combined. ALPL and DSPP expression, and ALP activity were not affected by CH and FN. COL1A1 was downregulated in all groups, while DMP1 was upregulated in the presence of CH, with no differences for the groups loaded with FN. CH increased the formation of mineralized matrix, which was not influenced by FN. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the incorporation of CH enhanced the odontogenic potential of HDPCs, irrespective of the presence of FN. The PCL + 0.4% CH formulation may be a useful strategy for use in dentin tissue engineering. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A change in the form of presentation of calcium hydroxide-based materials used for direct pulp capping can increase biocompatibility and prolong the vitality of dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Anselmi
- Department of Morphology and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Igor Paulino Mendes Soares
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria Luísa Leite
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ali Kitagawa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Morphology and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.
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Ribeiro JS, Bordini EAF, Pereira GKR, Polasani RR, Squarize CH, Kantorski KZ, Valandro LF, Bottino MC. Novel cinnamon-laden nanofibers as a potential antifungal coating for poly(methyl methacrylate) denture base materials. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:3697-3706. [PMID: 35028732 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To modify the surface of denture base material by coating it with cinnamon-laden nanofibers to reduce Candida albicans (C. albicans) adhesion and/or proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Heat-cured poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) specimens were processed and coated, or not, with cinnamon-laden polymeric nanofibers (20 or 40 wt.% of cinnamon relative to the total polymer weight). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of the nanofibers were performed. Antifungal activity was assessed through agar diffusion and colony-forming unit (CFU/mL) assays. Representative SEM morphological analysis was carried out to observe the presence/absence of C. albicans on the fibers. Alamar blue assay was used to determine cell toxicity. Analysis of variance and the Tukey's test were used to analyze the data (α = 0.05). RESULTS SEM imaging revealed nanofibers with adequate (i.e., bead-free) morphological characteristics and uniform microstructure. FTIR confirmed cinnamon incorporation. The cinnamon-laden nanofibers led to growth inhibition of C. albicans. Viable fungal counts support a significant reduction on CFU/mL also directly related to cinnamon concentration (40 wt.%: mean log 6.17 CFU/mL < 20 wt.%: mean log 7.12 CFU/mL), which agrees with the SEM images. Cinnamon-laden nanofibers at 40 wt.% led to increased cell death. CONCLUSIONS The deposition of 20 wt.% cinnamon-laden nanofibers onto PMMA surfaces led to a significant reduction of the adhesive and/or proliferative ability of C. albicans, while maintaining epithelial cells' viability. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The high recurrence rates of denture stomatitis are associated with patient non-adherence to treatments and contaminated prostheses use. Here, we provide the non-patients' cooperation sensible method, which possesses antifungal action, hence improving treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Silva Ribeiro
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University (Room 5223), Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ester Alves Ferreira Bordini
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University (Room 5223), Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pathology, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Rohitha Rao Polasani
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University (Room 5223), Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Cristiane Helena Squarize
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karla Zanini Kantorski
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Marco Cícero Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University (Room 5223), Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Terranova L, Louvrier A, Hébraud A, Meyer C, Rolin G, Schlatter G, Meyer F. Highly Structured 3D Electrospun Conical Scaffold: A Tool for Dental Pulp Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5775-5787. [PMID: 34846849 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New procedures envisioned for dental pulp regeneration after pulpectomy include cell homing strategy. It involves host endogenous stem cell recruitment and activation. To meet this cell-free approach, we need to design a relevant scaffold to support cell migration from tissues surrounding the dental root canal. A composite membrane made of electrospun poly(lactic acid) nanofibers and electrosprayed polycaprolactone with tannic acid (TA) microparticles which mimics the architecture of the extracellular matrix was first fabricated. After rolling the membrane in the form of a 3D conical scaffold and subsequently coating it with gelatin, it can be directly inserted into the root canal. The porous morphology of the construct was characterized by SEM at different length scales. It was shown that TA was released from the 3D conical scaffold after 2 days in PBS at 37 °C. Biocompatibility studies were first assessed by seeding human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on planar membranes coated or not coated with gelatin to compare the surfaces. After 24 h, the results highlighted that the gelatin-coating increased the membrane biocompatibility and cell viability. Similar DPSC morphology and proliferation on both membrane surfaces were observed. The culture of DPSCs on conical scaffolds showed cell colonization in the whole cone volume, proving that the architecture of the conical scaffold was suitable for cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Terranova
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de recherche 1121, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé ICPEES UMR 7515, CNRS, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Aurélien Louvrier
- Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, stomatologie et odontologie hospitalière, CHU Besançon, Besançon F-25000, France.,Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Anne Hébraud
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé ICPEES UMR 7515, CNRS, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Christophe Meyer
- Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, stomatologie et odontologie hospitalière, CHU Besançon, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Gwenaël Rolin
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon F-25000, France.,Inserm CIC-1431, CHU Besançon, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Guy Schlatter
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé ICPEES UMR 7515, CNRS, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Florent Meyer
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de recherche 1121, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Pôle de médecine et chirurgie bucco-dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
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Ferreira JA, Kantorski KZ, Dubey N, Daghrery A, Fenno JC, Mishina Y, Chan HL, Mendonça G, Bottino MC. Personalized and Defect-Specific Antibiotic-Laden Scaffolds for Periodontal Infection Ablation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49642-49657. [PMID: 34637255 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis compromises the integrity and function of tooth-supporting structures. Although therapeutic approaches have been offered, predictable regeneration of periodontal tissues remains intangible, particularly in anatomically complex defects. In this work, personalized and defect-specific antibiotic-laden polymeric scaffolds containing metronidazole (MET), tetracycline (TCH), or their combination (MET/TCH) were created via electrospinning. An initial screening of the synthesized fibers comprising chemo-morphological analyses, cytocompatibility assessment, and antimicrobial validation against periodontopathogens was accomplished to determine the cell-friendly and anti-infective nature of the scaffolds. According to the cytocompatibility and antimicrobial data, the 1:3 MET/TCH formulation was used to obtain three-dimensional defect-specific scaffolds to treat periodontally compromised three-wall osseous defects in rats. Inflammatory cell response and new bone formation were assessed by histology. Micro-computerized tomography was performed to assess bone loss in the furcation area at 2 and 6 weeks post implantation. Chemo-morphological and cell compatibility analyses confirmed the synthesis of cytocompatible antibiotic-laden fibers with antimicrobial action. Importantly, the 1:3 MET/TCH defect-specific scaffolds led to increased new bone formation, lower bone loss, and reduced inflammatory response when compared to antibiotic-free scaffolds. Altogether, our results suggest that the fabrication of defect-specific antibiotic-laden scaffolds holds great potential toward the development of personalized (i.e., patient-specific medication) scaffolds to ablate infection while affording regenerative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Ferreira
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
| | - Karla Z Kantorski
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Periodontology Unit), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Nileshkumar Dubey
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
| | - Arwa Daghrery
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
| | - J Christopher Fenno
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
| | - Hsun-Liang Chan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
| | - Gustavo Mendonça
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
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13
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Capturing Dioclea Reflexa Seed Bioactives on Halloysite Nanotubes and pH Dependent Release of Cargo against Breast (MCF-7) Cancers In Vitro. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, optimization parameters were developed to capture plant metabolites from Dioclea Reflexa (DR) seed ex-tracts onto halloysites nanotubes (HNTs). A one-step pool of the crude extracts at neutral pH from the HNT lumen failed to elicit a reduction in breast cancer, Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell viability. However, the pH-dependent elution of metabolites revealed that the acidic pH samples exhibited profound antiproliferative effects on the cancer cells compared to the basic pH metabolites using both trypan blue dye exclusion assay and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability test. pH~5.2 samples demonstrated by half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.8 mg and a cyclic voltammetry oxidation peak potential and current of 234 mV and 0.45 µA, respectively. This indicates that the cancer cells death could be attributed to membrane polarization/depolarization effects of the sample. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) studies confirmed that the plant metabolites affected breast cancer apoptotic signaling pathways of cell death. The studies proved that plant metabolites could be captured using simplified screening procedures for rapid drug discovery purposes. Such procedures, however, would require the integration of affordable analytical tools to test and isolate individual metabolites. Our approach could be an important strategy to create a library and database of bioactive plant metabolites based on pH values.
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Leite ML, Soares DG, Anovazzi G, Mendes Soares IP, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Development of fibronectin-loaded nanofiber scaffolds for guided pulp tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:1244-1258. [PMID: 33381909 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN)-loaded nanofiber scaffolds were developed and assessed concerning their bioactive potential on human apical papilla cells (hAPCs). First, random (NR) and aligned (NA) nanofiber scaffolds of polycaprolactone (PCL) were obtained by electrospinning technique and their biological properties were evaluated. The best formulations of NR and NA were loaded with 0, 5, or 10 μg/ml of FN and their bioactivity was assessed. Finally, FN-loaded NR and NA tubular scaffolds were prepared and their chemotactic potential was analyzed using an in vitro model to mimic the pulp regeneration of teeth with incomplete root formation. All scaffolds tested were cytocompatible. However, NR and NA based on 10% PCL promoted the highest hAPCs proliferation, adhesion and spreading. Polygonal and elongated cells were observed on NR and NA, respectively. The higher the concentration of FN added to the scaffolds, greater cell migration, viability, proliferation, adhesion and spreading, as well as collagen synthesis and gene expression (ITGA5, ITGAV, COL1A1, COL3A1). In addition, tubular scaffolds with NA loaded with FN (10 μg/ml) showed the highest chemotactic potential on hAPCs. It was concluded that FN-loaded NA scaffolds may be an interesting biomaterial to promote hAPCs-mediated pulp regeneration of endodontically compromised teeth with incomplete root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luísa Leite
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo University, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Giovana Anovazzi
- Departament of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Igor Paulino Mendes Soares
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Departament of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
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Raveau S, Jordana F. Tissue Engineering and Three-Dimensional Printing in Periodontal Regeneration: A Literature Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9124008. [PMID: 33322447 PMCID: PMC7763147 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional printing of scaffolds is an interesting alternative to the traditional techniques of periodontal regeneration. This technique uses computer assisted design and manufacturing after CT scan. After 3D modelling, individualized scaffolds are printed by extrusion, selective laser sintering, stereolithography, or powder bed inkjet printing. These scaffolds can be made of one or several materials such as natural polymers, synthetic polymers, or bioceramics. They can be monophasic or multiphasic and tend to recreate the architectural structure of the periodontal tissue. In order to enhance the bioactivity and have a higher regeneration, the scaffolds can be embedded with stem cells and/or growth factors. This new technique could enhance a complete periodontal regeneration. This review summarizes the application of 3D printed scaffolds in periodontal regeneration. The process, the materials and designs, the key advantages and prospects of 3D bioprinting are highlighted, providing new ideas for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Raveau
- Dental Faculty, University of Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France;
- Dentistry Department, University Health Centre, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Fabienne Jordana
- Dental Faculty, University of Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France;
- Dentistry Department, University Health Centre, 44000 Nantes, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-24041-2928
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Aminu N, Bello I, Umar NM, Tanko N, Aminu A, Audu MM. The influence of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems in drug therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Fouad AF. Contemporary Microbial and Antimicrobial Considerations in Regenerative Endodontic Therapy. J Endod 2020; 46:S105-S114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Qasim SSB, Nogueria LP, Fawzy AS, Daood U. The Effect of Cross-linking Efficiency of Drug-Loaded Novel Freeze Gelated Chitosan Templates for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:173. [PMID: 32548717 PMCID: PMC7297839 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovative strategies for periodontal regeneration have been the focus of research clusters across the globe for decades. In order to overcome the drawbacks of currently available options, investigators have suggested a novel concept of functionally graded membrane (FGM) templates with different structural and morphological gradients. Chitosan (CH) has been used in the past for similar purpose. However, the composite formulation of composite and tetracycline when cross-linked with glutaraldehyde have received little attention. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the drug loading and release characteristics of novel freeze gelated chitosan templates at different percentages of glutaraldehyde. These were cross-linked with 0.1 and 1% glutaraldehyde and loaded with doxycycline hyclate. The electron micrographs depicted porous morphology of neat templates. After cross-linking, these templates showed compressed ultrastructures. Computerized tomography analysis showed that the templates had 88 to 92% porosity with average pore diameter decreased from 78 to 44.9 μm with increasing concentration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed alterations in the glycosidic segment of chitosan fingerprint region which after drug loading showed a dominant doxycycline spectral composite profile. Interestingly, swelling profile was not affected by cross-linking either at 0.1 and 1% glutaraldehyde and template showed a swelling ratio of 80%, which gained equilibrium after 15 min. The drug release pattern also showed a 40 μg/mL of release after 24 h. These doxycycline-loaded templates show their tendency to be used in a functionally graded membrane facing the defect site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Saad B Qasim
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, PO-Box 24923, 11310, Safat, Kuwait.
| | | | - Amr S Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry Division, Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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N’deh KPU, Kim GJ, Chung KH, Shin JS, Lee KS, Choi JW, Lee KJ, An JH. Surface-Modified Industrial Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene 3D Scaffold Fabrication by Gold Nanoparticle for Drug Screening. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10030529. [PMID: 32183472 PMCID: PMC7153510 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatibility is very important for cell growth using 3D printers, but biocompatibility materials are very expensive. In this study, we investigated the possibility of cell culture by the surface modification of relatively low-cost industrial materials and an efficient three-dimensional (3D) scaffold made with an industrial ABS filament for cell proliferation, spheroid formation, and drug screening applications. We evaluated the adequate structure among two-layer square shape 3D scaffolds printed by fused deposition modeling with variable infill densities (10–50%). Based on the effects of these scaffolds on cell proliferation and spheroid formation, we conducted experiments using the industrial ABS 3D scaffold (IA3D) with 40% of infill density, which presented an external dimension of (XYZ) 7650 µm × 7647 µm × 210 µm, 29.8% porosity, and 225 homogenous micropores (251.6 µm × 245.9 µm × 210 µm). In the IA3D, spheroids of cancer HepG2 cells and keratinocytes HaCaT cells appeared after 2 and 3 days of culture, respectively, whereas no spheroids were formed in 2D culture. A gold nanoparticle-coated industrial ABS 3D scaffold (GIA3D) exhibited enhanced biocompatible properties including increased spheroid formation by HepG2 cells compared to IA3D (1.3-fold) and 2D (38-fold) cultures. Furthermore, the cancer cells exhibited increased resistance to drug treatments in GIA3D, with cell viabilities of 122.9% in industrial GIA3D, 40.2% in IA3D, and 55.2% in 2D cultures when treated with 100 µM of mitoxantrone. Our results show that the newly engineered IA3D is an innovative 3D scaffold with upgraded properties for cell proliferation, spheroid formation, and drug-screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaudjhis Patrick Ulrich N’deh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea; (K.P.U.N.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, KC University, Seoul 07661, Korea;
| | - Gyeong-Ji Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, KC University, Seoul 07661, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Chung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea; (K.P.U.N.)
| | - Jae-Soo Shin
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Daejeon University, Daejon 34520, Korea;
| | - Kwang-Sup Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, Daejeon 34520, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea;
| | - Kwon-Jai Lee
- Department of H-LAC, Daejeon University, Daejon 34520, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-J.L.); (J.H.A.); Tel.: +82-42-280-1217 (K.-J.L.); +82-2-2600-2566 (J.H.A.)
| | - Jeung Hee An
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, KC University, Seoul 07661, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.-J.L.); (J.H.A.); Tel.: +82-42-280-1217 (K.-J.L.); +82-2-2600-2566 (J.H.A.)
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Shah D, Lynd T, Ho D, Chen J, Vines J, Jung HD, Kim JH, Zhang P, Wu H, Jun HW, Cheon K. Pulp-Dentin Tissue Healing Response: A Discussion of Current Biomedical Approaches. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020434. [PMID: 32033375 PMCID: PMC7074340 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp tissue exposed to mechanical trauma or cariogenic process results in root canal and/or periapical infections, and conventionally treated with root canal procedures. The more recent regenerative endodontic procedure intends to achieve effective root canal disinfection and adequate pulp–dentin tissue regeneration; however, numerous limitations are reported. Because tooth is composed of vital soft pulp enclosed by the mineralized hard tissue in a highly organized structure, complete pulp–dentin tissue regeneration has been challenging to achieve. In consideration of the limitations and unique dental anatomy, it is important to understand the healing and repair processes through inflammatory-proliferative-remodeling phase transformations of pulp–dentin tissue. Upon cause by infectious and mechanical stimuli, the innate defense mechanism is initiated by resident pulp cells including immune cells through chemical signaling. After the expansion of infection and damage to resident pulp–dentin cells, consequent chemical signaling induces pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to migrate to the injury site to perform the tissue regeneration process. Additionally, innovative biomaterials are necessary to facilitate the immune response and pulp–dentin tissue regeneration roles of MSCs. This review highlights current approaches of pulp–dentin tissue healing process and suggests potential biomedical perspective of the pulp–dentin tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishant Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.S.); (T.L.); (D.H.); (J.C.); (J.V.); (H.-W.J.)
| | - Tyler Lynd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.S.); (T.L.); (D.H.); (J.C.); (J.V.); (H.-W.J.)
| | - Donald Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.S.); (T.L.); (D.H.); (J.C.); (J.V.); (H.-W.J.)
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.S.); (T.L.); (D.H.); (J.C.); (J.V.); (H.-W.J.)
| | - Jeremy Vines
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.S.); (T.L.); (D.H.); (J.C.); (J.V.); (H.-W.J.)
| | - Hwi-Dong Jung
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodeamun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Ji-Hun Kim
- Department of Dentistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 20 Il-San-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-Do 26426, Korea;
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 7th Avenue S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 7th Avenue S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.S.); (T.L.); (D.H.); (J.C.); (J.V.); (H.-W.J.)
| | - Kyounga Cheon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 7th Avenue S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.Z.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-975-4303
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21
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22
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Fouad AF. Microbiological aspects of traumatic injuries. Dent Traumatol 2019; 35:324-332. [PMID: 31125490 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
After traumatic injuries to teeth, microorganisms may invade the compromised pulp tissue and initiate pulp infection and periapical inflammation. In addition to bone resorption that typically accompanies pulp necrosis, root resorption frequently occurs. Root resorption has several variants that may occur shortly after the trauma or at a later stage. The pathological changes seen after traumatic injuries to teeth are invariably linked to the presence of microbial irritants. The presence of bacterial biofilms in the dental pulp space can be treated with regenerative or therapeutic endodontic procedures. However, necrosis of periodontal ligament is usually terminal for the tooth involved. In this review, the sources of bacteria after traumatic injuries are discussed. The types and role of microorganisms involved in the pathogenesis of endodontic pathosis after traumatic injuries are presented, and contemporary approaches for the management of these conditions are reviewed. Contemporary antimicrobial strategies are discussed. The rationale for the use of systemic and topical antimicrobials is presented. Finally, novel approaches to the use of antimicrobial therapies, particularly in regenerative procedures, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf F Fouad
- Department of Endodontics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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23
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Carvalho LDD, Peres BU, Maezono H, Shen Y, Haapasalo M, Jackson J, Carvalho RM, Manso AP. Doxycycline release and antibacterial activity from PMMA/PEO electrospun fiber mats. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180663. [PMID: 31596368 PMCID: PMC6768291 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) electrospun fiber mats containing different amounts of polyethylene oxide (PEO) as a doxycycline delivery system and to test antibacterial activity against an oral pathogen. Methodology: PMMA powders or PEO (mol wt 200 Kd) (10,20,30% w/w/) were dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to obtain a final polymer concentration of 15% in DMF (w/v). 2% Doxycycline monohydrate was added to the solutions and submitted to vortex mixing. The solution was transferred to a plastic syringe and fit into a nanofiber electrospinning unit. The parameters applied were: voltage at 17.2 kV; distance of 20 cm between the needle tip and the collector plate; target speed at 2 m/min; and transverse speed at 1cm/min. Syringe pump speed was 0.15 mm/min. The drug release analysis was performed by removing aliquots of the drug-containing solution (in PBS) at specific periods. Doxycycline release was quantified using RP-HPLC. Fiber mats from all groups had their antibacterial action tested against S. mutans based on inhibition halos formed around the specimens. The experiments were performed in triplicate. Gravimetric analysis at specific periods was performed to determine any polymer loss. Morphological characterization of the electrospun fibers was completed under an optical microscope followed by SEM analysis. Results: The addition of PEO to the PMMA fibers did not affect the appearance and diameter of fibers. However, increasing the %PEO caused higher doxycycline release in the first 24 h. Fibers containing 30% PEO showed statistically significant higher release when compared with the other groups. Doxycycline released from the fibers containing 20% or 30% of PEO showed effective against S. mutans. Conclusion: The incorporation of PEO at 20% and 30% into PMMA fiber mat resulted in effective drug release systems, with detected antibacterial activity against S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Dutra de Carvalho
- The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bernardo Urbanetto Peres
- The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hazuki Maezono
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ya Shen
- The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John Jackson
- The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ricardo M Carvalho
- The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Adriana P Manso
- The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Vancouver, Canada
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Bottino MC, Albuquerque MTP, Azabi A, Münchow EA, Spolnik KJ, Nör JE, Edwards PC. A novel patient-specific three-dimensional drug delivery construct for regenerative endodontics. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 107:1576-1586. [PMID: 30281899 PMCID: PMC6447484 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Evoked bleeding (EB) clinical procedure, comprising a disinfection step followed by periapical tissue laceration to induce the ingrowth of undifferentiated stem cells from the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, is currently the only regenerative-based therapeutic approach to treating pulp tissue necrosis in undeveloped (immature) permanent teeth approved in the United States. Yet, the disinfection step using antibiotic-based pastes leads to cytotoxic, warranting a biocompatible strategy to promote root canal disinfection with no or minimal side-effects to maximize the regenerative outcomes. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a tubular three-dimensional (3D) triple antibiotic-eluting construct for intracanal drug delivery. Morphological (scanning electron microscopy), chemical (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and mechanical (tensile testing) characteristics of the polydioxanone-based triple antibiotic-eluting fibers were assessed. The antimicrobial properties of the tubular 3D constructs were determined in vitro and in vivo using an infected (Actinomyces naeslundii) dentin tooth slice model and a canine method of periapical disease, respectively. The in vitro data indicated significant antimicrobial activity and the ability to eliminate bacterial biofilm inside dentinal tubules. In vivo histological findings demonstrated that, using the EB procedure, the tubular 3D triple antibiotic-eluting construct allowed the formation of an appropriate environment that led to apex closure and the ingrowth of a thin layer of osteodentin-like tissue into the root canal. Taken together, these findings indicate that our novel drug delivery construct is a promising biocompatible disinfection strategy for immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1576-1586, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco C. Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI - 48109, USA
| | - Maria T. P. Albuquerque
- Department of Clinical Dentistry (Endodontics), Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA - 40110, Brazil
| | - Asma Azabi
- Department of Biomedical & Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN - 46202, USA
| | - Eliseu A. Münchow
- Department of Dentistry, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG - 35010, Brazil
| | | | - Jacques E. Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI - 48109, USA
| | - Paul C. Edwards
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine, and Radiology, IUSD, Indianapolis, IN - 46202, USA
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Nakashima M, Iohara K, Bottino MC, Fouad AF, Nör JE, Huang GTJ. Animal Models for Stem Cell-Based Pulp Regeneration: Foundation for Human Clinical Applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2019; 25:100-113. [PMID: 30284967 PMCID: PMC6486672 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Animal models are essential for tissue regeneration studies. This review summarizes and discusses the small and large animal models, including mouse, ferret, dog, and miniswine that have been utilized to experiment and to demonstrate stem cell-mediated dental pulp tissue regeneration. We describe the models based on the location where the tissue regeneration is tested-either ectopic, semiorthotopic, or orthotopic. Developing and utilizing optimal animal models for both mechanistic and translational studies of pulp regeneration are of critical importance to advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koichiro Iohara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Marco C. Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ashraf F. Fouad
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jacques E. Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - George T.-J. Huang
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Wu P, Hu S, Liang Q, Guo W, Xia Y, Shuai C, Li Y. A polymer scaffold with drug-sustained release and antibacterial activity. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1581194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
- Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Shi Hu
- Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Qin Liang
- Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Wang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yongmin Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Oncology, Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changsha, China
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27
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Purushothaman AE, Thakur K, Kandasubramanian B. Development of highly porous, Electrostatic force assisted nanofiber fabrication for biological applications. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1581197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirti Thakur
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, DIAT(DU), Ministry of Defence, Rapid Prototyping Lab, Girinagar, Pune, India
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Liu Y, Liu R, Wang X, Jiang J, Li W, Liu J, Guo S, Zheng G. Electrospun Three-Dimensional Nanofibrous Structure via Probe Arrays Inducing. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9090427. [PMID: 30424360 PMCID: PMC6187329 DOI: 10.3390/mi9090427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The fast and precise direct-printing of micro three-dimensional (3D) structures is the important development trend for micro/nano fabrication technique. A novel method with probe arrays was built up to realize the controllable deposition of 3D electrospun nanofibrous structures. Firstly, several 3D nanofibrous structures were built on a single probe and 2-, 3-probes, which indicated that the probe height and probe interval played a key role on the 3D structure morphology. Then, different stereo nanofibrous structures based on multiprobe arrays were achieved accurately and the effects of processing parameters, including the probe height, probe interval, applied voltage and flow rate on the deposition behaviors of electrospun nanofiber over the probe arrays were investigated. The deposition area of 3D electrospun nanofibrous structures decreased with the increase of probe interval, applied voltage, and flow rate. Several 3D nanofibrous structures of special shapes including convex, triangle wave, inverted cone and complex curved surface were demonstrated by controlling the configuration of probe arrays and electrospinning parameters. This work provides an effective and simple way for the construction of 3D electrospun nanofibrous structures, which has great potentials in various medical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Liu
- Department of Instrumental and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ruimin Liu
- Department of Instrumental and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China.
| | - Jiaxin Jiang
- Department of Instrumental and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Wenwang Li
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Instrumental and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Shumin Guo
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and High Performance Scientific Computing, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Gaofeng Zheng
- Department of Instrumental and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Long Z, Wu YP, Gao HY, Zhang J, Ou X, He RR, Liu M. In vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation of halloysite nanotubes. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7204-7216. [PMID: 32254633 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01382a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Because of their outstanding properties, increasing numbers of research studies and emerging applications for manufacturing products are currently in progress for halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). Therefore, the impact of HNTs on the environment and human health should be taken into consideration. In order to clearly show the cell uptake of HNTs and the biodistribution of HNTs in zebrafish, HNTs are labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-HNTs). The cytotoxicity assays showed that the cell viabilities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells were above 60% after being treated with different concentrations of HNTs (2.5-200 μg mL-1) for 72 h. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) results showed the uptake of HNTs by HUVECs and MCF-7 cells. The in vivo toxicity of HNTs was then investigated in the early development of zebrafish embryos. The percent survival of zebrafish embryos and larvae showed no significant changes at different developmental stages (24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hpf) when treated with various concentrations of HNTs (0.25-10 mg mL-1). Besides, HNTs could promote the hatchability of zebrafish embryos and did not affect the morphological development of zebrafish at a concentration of ≤25 mg mL-1. HNTs could also be ingested by zebrafish larvae and accumulated predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract. The fluorescence intensity of FITC-HNTs decreased gradually with time, which suggested that HNTs could be excreted by zebrafish larvae through the gastrointestinal metabolism. Therefore, it can be concluded that HNTs are relatively biocompatible nanomaterials, which can be utilized in many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheru Long
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Parhizkar A, Nojehdehian H, Asgary S. Triple antibiotic paste: momentous roles and applications in endodontics: a review. Restor Dent Endod 2018; 43:e28. [PMID: 30135847 PMCID: PMC6103545 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2018.43.e28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the latest findings and notions regarding ‘triple antibiotic paste’ (TAP) and its applications in dentistry, particularly endodontics. TAP is a combination of 3 antibiotics, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline. Despite the problems and pitfalls research pertaining to this paste has unveiled, it has been vastly used in endodontic treatments. The paste's applications vary, from vital pulp therapy to the recently introduced regeneration and revascularisation protocol. Studies have shown that the paste can eliminate the root canal microorganisms and prepare an appropriate matrix for further treatments. This combination is able to remove diverse groups of obligate and facultative gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, providing an environment for healing. In regeneration protocol cases, this allows the development, disinfection, and possible sterilization of the root canal system, so that new tissue can infiltrate and grow into the radicular area. Moreover, TAP is capable of creating a discipline in which other wanted and needed treatments can be successfully performed. In conclusion, TAP, as an antibacterial intracanal medication, has diverse uses. Nevertheless, despite its positive effects, the paste has shown drawbacks. Further research concerning the combined paste and other intracanal medications to control microbiota is a must.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Parhizkar
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Nojehdehian
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Asgary
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Luetzow K, Hommes‐Schattmann PJ, Neffe AT, Ahmad B, Williams GR, Lendlein A. Perfluorophenyl azide functionalization of electrospun poly(
para
‐dioxanone). POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karola Luetzow
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin‐Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative TherapiesHelmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht 14513 Teltow Germany
| | - Paul J. Hommes‐Schattmann
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin‐Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative TherapiesHelmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht 14513 Teltow Germany
| | - Axel T. Neffe
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin‐Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative TherapiesHelmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht 14513 Teltow Germany
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Potsdam 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- UCL School of PharmacyUniversity College London 29‐39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Gareth R. Williams
- UCL School of PharmacyUniversity College London 29‐39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin‐Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative TherapiesHelmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht 14513 Teltow Germany
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Potsdam 14476 Potsdam Germany
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Meireles AB, Corrêa DK, da Silveira JVW, Millás ALG, Bittencourt E, de Brito-Melo GEA, González-Torres LA. Trends in polymeric electrospun fibers and their use as oral biomaterials. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:665-676. [PMID: 29763386 PMCID: PMC6378505 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218770404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning is one of the techniques to produce structured polymeric fibers in the micro or nano scale and to generate novel materials for biomedical proposes. Electrospinning versatility provides fibers that could support different surgical and rehabilitation treatments. However, its diversity in equipment assembly, polymeric materials, and functional molecules to be incorporated in fibers result in profusion of recent biomaterials that are not fully explored, even though the recognized relevance of the technique. The present article describes the main electrospun polymeric materials used in oral applications, and the main aspects and parameters of the technique. Natural and synthetic polymers, blends, and composites were identified from the available literature and recent developments. Main applications of electrospun fibers were focused on drug delivery systems, tissue regeneration, and material reinforcement or modification, although studies require further investigation in order to enable direct use in human. Current and potential usages as biomaterials for oral applications must motivate the development in the use of electrospinning as an efficient method to produce highly innovative biomaterials, over the next few years. Impact statement Nanotechnology is a challenge for many researchers that look for obtaining different materials behaviors by modifying characteristics at a very low scale. Thus, the production of nanostructured materials represents a very important field in bioengineering, in which the electrospinning technique appears as a suitable alternative. This review discusses and provides further explanation on this versatile technique to produce novel polymeric biomaterials for oral applications. The use of electrospun fibers is incipient in oral areas, mainly because of the unfamiliarity with the technique. Provided disclosure, possibilities and state of the art are aimed at supporting interested researchers to better choose proper materials, understand, and design new experiments. This work seeks to encourage many other researchers-Dentists, Biologists, Engineers, Pharmacists-to develop innovative materials from different polymers. We highlight synthetic and natural polymers as trends in treatments to motivate an advance in the worldwide discussion and exploration of this interdisciplinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes B Meireles
- Pharmacy Department, Laboratory of Immunology, UFVJM and PPGCF-UFVJM, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Daniella K Corrêa
- Institute of Science and Technology – UFVJM, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - João VW da Silveira
- Institute of Science and Technology – UFVJM, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Ana LG Millás
- Chemical Engineering Department, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Edison Bittencourt
- Chemical Engineering Department, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Gustavo EA de Brito-Melo
- Pharmacy Department, Laboratory of Immunology, UFVJM and PPGCF-UFVJM, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
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Monteiro N, Thrivikraman G, Athirasala A, Tahayeri A, França CM, Ferracane JL, Bertassoni LE. Photopolymerization of cell-laden gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels using a dental curing light for regenerative dentistry. Dent Mater 2017; 34:389-399. [PMID: 29199008 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Photopolymerized hydrogels, such as gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), have desirable biological and mechanical characteristics for a range of tissue engineering applications. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to optimize a new method to photopolymerize GelMA using a dental curing light (DL). METHODS Lithium acylphosphinate photo-initiator (LAP, 0.05, 0.067, 0.1% w/v) was evaluated for its ability to polymerize GelMA hydrogel precursors (10% w/v) encapsulated with odontoblast-like cells (OD21). Different irradiances (1650, 2300 and 3700mW/cm2) and photo-curing times (5-20s) were tested, and compared against the parameters typically used in UV light photopolymerization (45mW/cm2, 0.1% w/v Irgacure 2959 as photoinitiator). Physical and mechanical properties of the photopolymerized GelMA hydrogels were determined. Cell viability was assessed using a live and dead assay kit. RESULTS Comparing DL and UV polymerization methods, the DL method photopolymerized GelMA precursor faster and presented larger pore size than the UV polymerization method. The live and dead assay showed more than 80% of cells were viable when hydrogels were photopolymerized with the different DL irradiances. However, the cell viability decreased when the exposure time was increased to 20s using the 1650mW/cm2 intensity, and when the LAP concentration was increased from 0.05 to 0.1%. Both DL and UV photocrosslinked hydrogels supported a high percentage of cell viability and enabled fabrication of micropatterns using a photolithography microfabrication technique. SIGNIFICANCE The proposed method to photopolymerize GelMA cell-laden hydrogels using a dental curing light is effective and represents an important step towards the establishment of chair-side procedures in regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Monteiro
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, OHSU School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Greeshma Thrivikraman
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, OHSU School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Avathamsa Athirasala
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, OHSU School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anthony Tahayeri
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, OHSU School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Cristiane M França
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, OHSU School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, USA; Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jack L Ferracane
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, OHSU School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Luiz E Bertassoni
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, OHSU School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Karczewski A, Feitosa SA, Hamer EI, Pankajakshan D, Gregory RL, Spolnik KJ, Bottino MC. Clindamycin-modified Triple Antibiotic Nanofibers: A Stain-free Antimicrobial Intracanal Drug Delivery System. J Endod 2017; 44:155-162. [PMID: 29061356 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A biocompatible strategy to promote bacterial eradication within the root canal system after pulpal necrosis of immature permanent teeth is critical to the success of regenerative endodontic procedures. This study sought to synthesize clindamycin-modified triple antibiotic (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin [CLIN]) polymer (polydioxanone [PDS]) nanofibers and determine in vitro their antimicrobial properties, cell compatibility, and dentin discoloration. METHODS CLIN-only and triple antibiotic CLIN-modified (CLIN-m, minocycline-free) nanofibers were processed via electrospinning. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and tensile testing were performed to investigate fiber morphology, antibiotic incorporation, and mechanical strength, respectively. Antimicrobial properties of CLIN-only and CLIN-m nanofibers were assessed against several bacterial species by direct nanofiber/bacteria contact and over time based on aliquot collection up to 21 days. Cytocompatibility was measured against human dental pulp stem cells. Dentin discoloration upon nanofiber exposure was qualitatively recorded over time. The data were statistically analyzed (P < .05). RESULTS The mean fiber diameter of CLIN-containing nanofibers ranged between 352 ± 128 nm and 349 ± 128 nm and was significantly smaller than PDS fibers. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of antibiotics in the nanofibers. Hydrated CLIN-m nanofibers showed similar tensile strength to antibiotic-free (PDS) nanofibers. All CLIN-containing nanofibers and aliquots demonstrated pronounced antimicrobial activity against all bacteria. Antibiotic-containing aliquots led to a slight reduction in dental pulp stem cell viability but were not considered toxic. No visible dentin discoloration upon CLIN-containing nanofiber exposure was observed. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, based on the remarkable antimicrobial effects, cell-friendly, and stain-free properties, our data suggest that CLIN-m triple antibiotic nanofibers might be a viable alternative to minocycline-based antibiotic pastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Karczewski
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sabrina A Feitosa
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ethan I Hamer
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Divya Pankajakshan
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Richard L Gregory
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kenneth J Spolnik
- Department of Endodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Abstract
No current therapy promotes root canal disinfection and regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex in cases of pulp necrosis. Antibiotic pastes used to eradicate canal infection negatively affect stem cell survival. Three-dimensional easy-to-fit antibiotic-eluting nanofibers, combined with injectable scaffolds, enriched or not with stem cells and/or growth factors, may increase the likelihood of achieving predictable dental pulp regeneration. Periodontitis is an aggressive disease that impairs the integrity of tooth-supporting structures and may lead to tooth loss. The latest advances in membrane biomodification to endow needed functionalities and technologies to engineer patient-specific membranes/constructs to amplify periodontal regeneration are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Divya Pankajakshan
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana, University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Albuquerque MTP, Nagata J, Bottino MC. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Triple Antibiotic-eluting Polymer Nanofibers against Multispecies Biofilm. J Endod 2017; 43:S51-S56. [PMID: 28778504 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The elimination of microbial flora in cases of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp is both key and a challenging goal for the long-term success of regenerative therapy. Recent research has focused on the development of cell-friendly intracanal drug delivery systems. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial action of 3-dimensional (3D) tubular-shaped triple antibiotic-eluting nanofibrous constructs against a multispecies biofilm on human dentin. Polydioxanone polymer solutions, antibiotic-free or incorporated with metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline, were electrospun into 3D tubular-shaped constructs. A multispecies biofilm consisting of Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Enterococcus faecalis was forced inside the dentinal tubules via centrifugation in a dentin slice in vitro model. The infected specimens were exposed to 2 experimental groups (ie, 3D tubular-shaped triple antibiotic-eluting constructs and triple antibiotic paste [TAP]) and 2 control groups (7-day biofilm untreated and antibiotic-free 3D tubular-shaped constructs). Biofilm elimination was quantitatively analyzed with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) analysis showed a dense population of viable (green) bacteria adhered to dentin and penetrated into the dentinal tubules. Upon 3D tubular-shaped triple antibiotic-eluting nanofibrous construct exposure, nearly complete elimination of viable bacteria on the dentin surface and inside the dentinal tubules was shown in the CLSM images, which was similar (P < .05) to the bacterial death promoted by the TAP group but significantly greater when compared with both the antibiotic-free 3D tubular-shaped constructs and the control (saline). The proposed 3D tubular-shaped antibiotic-eluting construct showed pronounced antimicrobial effects against the multispecies biofilm tested and therefore holds significant clinical potential as a disinfection strategy before regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T P Albuquerque
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Clinical Dentistry, Endodontics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juliana Nagata
- Dentistry Department, Endodontics, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Pankajakshan D, Albuquerque MTP, Evans JD, Kamocka MM, Gregory RL, Bottino MC. Triple Antibiotic Polymer Nanofibers for Intracanal Drug Delivery: Effects on Dual Species Biofilm and Cell Function. J Endod 2017; 42:1490-5. [PMID: 27663615 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Root canal disinfection and the establishment of an intracanal microenvironment conducive to the proliferation/differentiation of stem cells play a significant role in regenerative endodontics. This study was designed to (1) investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic-containing nanofibers against a dual-species biofilm and (2) evaluate the ability of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to adhere to and proliferate on dentin upon nanofiber exposure. METHODS Seven-day-old dual-species biofilm established on dentin specimens was exposed for 3 days to the following: saline (control), antibiotic-free nanofibers (control), and triple antibiotic-containing nanofibers or a saturated triple antibiotic paste (TAP) solution (50 mg/mL in phosphate buffer solution). Bacterial viability was assessed using the LIVE/DEAD assay (Molecular Probes, Inc, Eugene, OR) and confocal laser scanning microscopy. For cytocompatibility studies, dentin specimens after nanofiber or TAP (1 g/mL in phosphate buffer solution) exposure were evaluated for cell adhesion and spreading by actin-phalloidin staining. DPSC proliferation was assessed on days 1, 3, and 7. Statistics were performed, and significance was set at the 5% level. RESULTS Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed significant bacterial death upon antibiotic-containing nanofiber exposure, differing significantly (P < .05) from antibiotic-free fibers and the control (saline). DPSCs showed enhanced adhesion/spreading on dentin specimens treated with antibiotic-containing nanofibers when compared with its TAP counterparts. The DPSC proliferation rate was similar on days 1 and 3 in antibiotic-free nanofibers, triple antibiotic-containing nanofibers, and TAP-treated dentin. Proliferation was higher (9-fold) on dentin treated with antibiotic-containing nanofibers on day 7 compared with TAP. CONCLUSIONS Triple antibiotic-containing polymer nanofibers led to significant bacterial death, whereas they did not affect DPSC attachment and proliferation on dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Pankajakshan
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Maria T P Albuquerque
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Clinical Dentistry, Endodontics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Joshua D Evans
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Malgorzata M Kamocka
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Richard L Gregory
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Chung SH, Park YS. Local drug delivery in endodontics: A literature review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Insight into halloysite nanotubes-loaded gellan gum hydrogels for soft tissue engineering applications. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 163:280-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Clinical Perspective of Electrospun Nanofibers as a Drug Delivery Strategy for Regenerative Endodontics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-016-0103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Devillard R, Rémy M, Kalisky J, Bourget JM, Kérourédan O, Siadous R, Bareille R, Amédée-Vilamitjana J, Chassande O, Fricain JC. In vitroassessment of a collagen/alginate composite scaffold for regenerative endodontics. Int Endod J 2016; 50:48-57. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Devillard
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; University Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; INSERM; Bordeaux France
- Service d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale; CHU de Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - M. Rémy
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; University Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; INSERM; Bordeaux France
| | - J. Kalisky
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; University Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; INSERM; Bordeaux France
| | | | - O. Kérourédan
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; University Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; INSERM; Bordeaux France
- Service d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale; CHU de Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - R. Siadous
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; INSERM; Bordeaux France
| | - R. Bareille
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; INSERM; Bordeaux France
| | | | - O. Chassande
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; University Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; INSERM; Bordeaux France
| | - J.-C. Fricain
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; University Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire; INSERM; Bordeaux France
- Service d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale; CHU de Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
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Potential of Electrospun Nanofibers for Biomedical and Dental Applications. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9020073. [PMID: 28787871 PMCID: PMC5456492 DOI: 10.3390/ma9020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a versatile technique that has gained popularity for various biomedical applications in recent years. Electrospinning is being used for fabricating nanofibers for various biomedical and dental applications such as tooth regeneration, wound healing and prevention of dental caries. Electrospun materials have the benefits of unique properties for instance, high surface area to volume ratio, enhanced cellular interactions, protein absorption to facilitate binding sites for cell receptors. Extensive research has been conducted to explore the potential of electrospun nanofibers for repair and regeneration of various dental and oral tissues including dental pulp, dentin, periodontal tissues, oral mucosa and skeletal tissues. However, there are a few limitations of electrospinning hindering the progress of these materials to practical or clinical applications. In terms of biomaterials aspects, the better understanding of controlled fabrication, properties and functioning of electrospun materials is required to overcome the limitations. More in vivo studies are definitely required to evaluate the biocompatibility of electrospun scaffolds. Furthermore, mechanical properties of such scaffolds should be enhanced so that they resist mechanical stresses during tissue regeneration applications. The objective of this article is to review the current progress of electrospun nanofibers for biomedical and dental applications. In addition, various aspects of electrospun materials in relation to potential dental applications have been discussed.
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Mousa MH, Dong Y, Davies IJ. Recent advances in bionanocomposites: Preparation, properties, and applications. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2015.1103240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dhillon H, Kaushik M, Sharma R. Regenerative endodontics--Creating new horizons. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:676-85. [PMID: 26699211 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Trauma to the dental pulp, physical or microbiologic, can lead to inflammation of the pulp followed by necrosis. The current treatment modality for such cases is non-surgical root canal treatment. The damaged tissue is extirpated and the root canal system prepared. It is then obturated with an inert material such a gutta percha. In spite of advances in techniques and materials, 10%-15% of the cases may end in failure of treatment. Regenerative endodontics combines principles of endodontics, cell biology, and tissue engineering to provide an ideal treatment for inflamed and necrotic pulp. It utilizes mesenchymal stem cells, growth factors, and organ tissue culture to provide treatment. Potential treatment modalities include induction of blood clot for pulp revascularization, scaffold aided regeneration, and pulp implantation. Although in its infancy, successful treatment of damaged pulp tissue has been performed using principles of regenerative endodontics. This field is dynamic and exciting with the ability to shape the future of endodontics. This article highlights the fundamental concepts, protocol for treatment, and possible avenues for research in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harnoor Dhillon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India
| | - Mamta Kaushik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India
| | - Roshni Sharma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India
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Kamocki K, Nör JE, Bottino MC. Dental pulp stem cell responses to novel antibiotic-containing scaffolds for regenerative endodontics. Int Endod J 2015; 48:1147-56. [PMID: 25425048 PMCID: PMC4442767 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate both the drug-release profile and the effects on human dental pulp stem cells' (hDPSC) proliferation and viability of novel bi-mix antibiotic-containing scaffolds intended for use as a drug delivery system for root canal disinfection prior to regenerative endodontics. METHODOLOGY Polydioxanone (PDS)-based fibrous scaffolds containing both metronidazole (MET) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) at selected ratios were synthesized via electrospinning. Fibre diameter was evaluated based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Pure PDS scaffolds and a saturated CIP/MET solution (i.e. 50 mg of each antibiotic in 1 mL) (hereafter referred to as DAP) served as both negative (nontoxic) and positive (toxic) controls, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to investigate the amount of drug(s) released from the scaffolds. WST-1(®) proliferation assay was used to evaluate the effect of the scaffolds on cell proliferation. LIVE/DEAD(®) assay was used to qualitatively assess cell viability. Data obtained from drug release and proliferation assays were statistically analysed at the 5% significance level. RESULTS A burst release of CIP and MET was noted within the first 24 h, followed by a sustained maintenance of the drug(s) concentration for 14 days. A concentration-dependent trend was noticed upon hDPSCs' exposure to all CIP-containing scaffolds, where increasing the CIP concentration resulted in reduced cell proliferation (P < 0.05) and viability. In groups exposed to pure MET or pure PDS scaffolds, no changes in proliferation were observed. CONCLUSIONS Synthesized antibiotic-containing scaffolds had significantly lower effects on hDPSCs proliferation when compared to the saturated CIP/MET solution (DAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kamocki
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J E Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M C Bottino
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Porter MLA, Münchow EA, Albuquerque MTP, Spolnik KJ, Hara AT, Bottino MC. Effects of Novel 3-dimensional Antibiotic-containing Electrospun Scaffolds on Dentin Discoloration. J Endod 2015; 42:106-12. [PMID: 26602451 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although intracanal application of the triple antibiotic paste (TAP) may offer advantages (eg, disinfection), this practice has been associated with significant drawbacks, including tooth discoloration. In this study, the color change of dentin was monitored during treatment with distinct TAP pastes and novel tubular-shaped 3-dimensional electrospun scaffolds containing minocycline (MINO) or doxycycline (DOX). METHODS Two TAP pastes (TAPMINO [MINO, metronidazole, and ciprofloxacin] and TAPDOX [DOX, metronidazole, and ciprofloxacin]), 4 scaffold-based groups containing MINO or DOX at distinct concentrations, 1 antibiotic-free scaffold, and 1 untreated group (control) were investigated. Human canines were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction and tubular-shaped scaffolds or paste were placed into the root canals and sealed. Color measurements (CIEL(*)a(*)b(*) parameters) were performed at baseline and after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Color changes were expressed as ΔE(*) values. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were also performed on the specimens after treatment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS All antibiotic-containing groups led to greater discoloration than the antibiotic-free groups. A severe discoloration occurred after 1 day. At the end of the experiment, antibiotic-treated samples exhibited crusts/agglomerates over the dentin surface, which totally or partially obliterated the dentinal tubules. The presence of MINO resulted in a greater color change than DOX. CONCLUSIONS Scaffolds containing MINO or DOX produced similar color change to dentin when compared with their respective TAP systems, although DOX-related discoloration was less pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Louise A Porter
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Eliseu A Münchow
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Operative Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, School of Dentistry, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria T P Albuquerque
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana; Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos Dental School, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kenneth J Spolnik
- Department of Endodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Anderson T Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Antibacterial TAP-mimic electrospun polymer scaffold: effects on P. gingivalis-infected dentin biofilm. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:387-93. [PMID: 26319981 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate, in vitro, the effects of a recently developed triple antibiotic paste (TAP)-mimic polymer nanofibrous scaffold against Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected dentin biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dentin specimens (4 × 4 × 1 mm(3)) were prepared from human canines. The specimens were sterilized, inoculated with P. gingivalis (ATCC 33277), and incubated for 1 week to allow for biofilm formation. Infected dentin specimens were exposed for 3 days to the following treatments: antibiotic-free polydioxanone scaffold (PDS, control), PDS + 25 wt% TAP [25 mg of each antibiotic (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline) per mL of the PDS polymer solution], or a saturated TAP-based solution (50 mg of each antibiotic per mL of saline solution). In order to serve as the negative control, infected dentin specimens were left untreated (bacteria only). To determine the antimicrobial efficacy of the TAP-mimic scaffold, a colony-forming unit (CFU) per milliliter (n = 10/group) measurement was performed. Furthermore, additional specimens (n = 2/group) were prepared to qualitatively study biofilm inhibition via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistics were performed, and significance was set at the 5% level. RESULTS Both the TAP-mimic scaffold and the positive control (TAP solution) led to complete bacterial elimination, differing statistically (p < 0.05) from the negative control group (bacteria only). No statistical differences were observed for CFU per milliliter data between antibiotic-free scaffolds (2.7 log10 CFU/mL) and the negative control (5.9 log10 CFU/mL). CONCLUSIONS The obtained data revealed significant antimicrobial properties of the novel PDS-based TAP-mimic scaffold against an established P. gingivalis-infected dentin biofilm. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Collectively, the data suggest that the proposed nanofibrous scaffold might be used as an alternative to the advocated clinical gold standard (i.e., TAP) for intracanal disinfection prior to regenerative endodontics.
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Kamocki K, Nör JE, Bottino MC. Effects of ciprofloxacin-containing antimicrobial scaffolds on dental pulp stem cell viability-In vitro studies. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1131-7. [PMID: 26042622 PMCID: PMC5338688 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A combination of antibiotics, including but not limited to metronidazole (MET) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), has been indicated to eradicate bacteria in necrotic immature permanent teeth prior to regenerative procedures. It has been shown clinically that antibiotic pastes may lead to substantial stem cell death. The aim of this study was to synthesise scaffolds containing various concentrations of CIP to enhance cell viability while preserving antimicrobial properties. DESIGN Polydioxanone (PDS)-based electrospun scaffolds were processed with decreasing CIP concentrations (25-1 wt.%) and morphologically evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxicity assays were performed to determine whether the amount of CIP released from the scaffolds would lead to human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC) toxicity. Similarly, WST-1 assays were performed to evaluate the impact of CIP release on hDPSC proliferation. Pure PDS scaffolds and saturated double antibiotic solution MET/CIP (DAP) served as both positive and negative controls, respectively. Antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis (Ef) was tested. RESULTS A significant decrease in hDPSC' viability at concentrations 5-25 wt.% was observed. However, concentrations below 5wt.% did not impair cell viability. Data from the WST-1 assays indicated no detrimental impact on cell proliferation for scaffolds containing 2.5 wt.% CIP or less. Significant antimicrobial properties were seen for CIP-scaffolds at lower concentrations (i.e., 1 and 2.5 wt.%). CONCLUSION The obtained data demonstrated that a reduced concentration of CIP incorporated into PDS-based scaffolds maintains its antimicrobial properties while enhancing viability and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kamocki
- Department of Restorative Dentistry-Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), 1121W. Michigan St. (DS270B), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Restorative Dentistry-Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), 1121W. Michigan St. (DS270B), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Münchow EA, Albuquerque MTP, Zero B, Kamocki K, Piva E, Gregory RL, Bottino MC. Development and characterization of novel ZnO-loaded electrospun membranes for periodontal regeneration. Dent Mater 2015; 31:1038-51. [PMID: 26116414 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study reports on the synthesis, materials characterization, antimicrobial capacity, and cytocompatibility of novel ZnO-loaded membranes for guided tissue/bone regeneration (GTR/GBR). METHODS Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and PCL/gelatin (PCL/GEL) were dissolved in hexafluoropropanol and loaded with ZnO at distinct concentrations: 0 (control), 5, 15, and 30wt.%. Electrospinning was performed using optimized parameters and the fibers were characterized via scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM/TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle (CA), mechanical testing, antimicrobial activity against periodontopathogens, and cytotoxicity test using human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey (α=5%). RESULTS ZnO nanoparticles were successfully incorporated into the overall submicron fibers, which showed fairly good morphology and microstructure. Upon ZnO nanoparticles' incorporation, the PCL and PCL/GEL fibers became thicker and thinner, respectively. All GEL-containing membranes showed lower CA than the PCL-based membranes, which were highly hydrophobic. Overall, the mechanical properties of the membranes were reduced upon ZnO incorporation, except for PCL-based membranes containing ZnO at the 30wt.% concentration. The presence of GEL enhanced the stretching ability of membranes under wet conditions. All ZnO-containing membranes displayed antibacterial activity against the bacteria tested, which was generally more pronounced with increased ZnO content. All membranes synthesized in this study demonstrated satisfactory cytocompatibility, although the presence of 30wt.% ZnO led to decreased viability. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, this study suggests that PCL- and PCL/GEL-based membranes containing a low content of ZnO nanoparticles can potentially function as a biologically safe antimicrobial GTR/GBR membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliseu A Münchow
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Operative Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), School of Dentistry, Pelotas, RS 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza P Albuquerque
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Graduate Program in Restorative Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos Dental School, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Bianca Zero
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Krzysztof Kamocki
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Evandro Piva
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), School of Dentistry, Pelotas, RS 96015-560, Brazil
| | | | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Antimicrobial Effects of Novel Triple Antibiotic Paste-Mimic Scaffolds on Actinomyces naeslundii Biofilm. J Endod 2015; 41:1337-43. [PMID: 25917945 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Actinomyces naeslundii has been recovered from traumatized permanent teeth diagnosed with necrotic pulps. In this work, a triple antibiotic paste (TAP)-mimic scaffold is proposed as a drug-delivery strategy to eliminate A. naeslundii dentin biofilm. METHODS Metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline were added to a polydioxanone (PDS) polymer solution and spun into fibrous scaffolds. Fiber morphology, mechanical properties, and drug release were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, microtensile testing, and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Human dentin specimens (4 × 4 × 1 mm(3), n = 4/group) were inoculated with A. naeslundii (ATCC 43146) for 7 days for biofilm formation. The infected dentin specimens were exposed to TAP-mimic scaffolds, TAP solution (positive control), and pure PDS (drug-free scaffold). Dentin infected (7-day biofilm) specimens were used for comparison (negative control). Confocal laser scanning microscopy was done to determine bacterial viability. RESULTS Scaffolds displayed a submicron mean fiber diameter (PDS = 689 ± 312 nm and TAP-mimic = 718 ± 125 nm). Overall, TAP-mimic scaffolds showed significantly (P ≤ .040) lower mechanical properties than PDS. Within the first 24 hours, a burst release for all drugs was seen. A sustained maintenance of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin was observed over 4 weeks, but not for minocycline. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated complete elimination of all viable bacteria exposed to the TAP solution. Meanwhile, TAP-mimic scaffolds led to a significant (P < .05) reduction in the percentage of viable bacteria compared with the negative control and PDS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that TAP-mimic scaffolds hold significant potential in the eradication/elimination of bacterial biofilm, a critical step in regenerative endodontics.
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