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Mills SJ, Kirby GT, Hofma BR, Smith LE, Statham P, Vaes B, Ting AE, Short R, Cowin AJ. Delivery of multipotent adult progenitor cells via a functionalized plasma polymerized surface accelerates healing of murine diabetic wounds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1213021. [PMID: 37675407 PMCID: PMC10477914 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1213021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Stem cell therapies have been investigated as potential treatment modalities for chronic wounds however there has been limited success to date. Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells (MAPCs©) have been identified as having potential as an allogenic stem cell product due to their high population doubling number and their characteristic dampening of T-cell proliferation. This helps to prevent autoimmunity and graft/cell rejection. Methods: We have developed a dressing, consisting of medical grade silicone coated with a heptylamine plasma polymer, which supports the growth and transfer of MAPCs to skin. To determine if the dressing can deliver functional stem cells into diabetic wounds, they were loaded with MAPCs and then placed over excisional wounds in both normal and diabetic mice. Results and discussion: Accelerated healing was observed in both the normal and diabetic wounds with wound gape being significantly smaller at day 3 when compared to controls. Wound analysis showed that treatment with the MAPC dressings dampened the inflammatory response with reduced numbers of neutrophils and macrophages observed. Additionally, an increase in pro-angiogenic VEGF and CD31 positive endothelial cells was observed indicating improved new blood vessel formation. The MAPC dressings had no effect on fibrosis with collagen I and III being equally affected in both control and treated wounds. Overall, the functionalized MAPC dressings improve healing responses particularly in diabetic mice with impaired healing responses and therefore, show potential for development as an advanced therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Mills
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - G. T. Kirby
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - B. R. Hofma
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - L. E. Smith
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P. Statham
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - B. Vaes
- ReGenesys BV, Bio-Incubator Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A. E. Ting
- Athersys Inc., Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - R. Short
- Material Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - A. J. Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Induction of Cyclooxygenase-2 by Overexpression of the Human NADPH Oxidase 5 (NOX5) Gene in Aortic Endothelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030637. [PMID: 32155782 PMCID: PMC7140418 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a main molecular mechanism that underlies cardiovascular diseases. A close relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity and the prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis pathway has been described. However, little information is available about the interaction between NOX5 homolog-derived ROS and the PG pathway in the cardiovascular context. Our main goal was to characterize NOX5-derived ROS effects in PG homeostasis and their potential relevance in cardiovascular pathologies. For that purpose, two experimental systems were employed: an adenoviral NOX5-β overexpression model in immortalized human aortic endothelial cells (TeloHAEC) and a chronic infarction in vivo model developed from a conditional endothelial NOX5 knock-in mouse. NOX5 increased cyclooxygenase-2 isoform (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production through nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in TeloHAEC. Protein kinase C (PKC) activation and intracellular calcium level (Ca++) mobilization increased ROS production and NOX5 overexpression, which promoted a COX-2/PGE2 response in vitro. In the chronic infarction model, mice encoding endothelial NOX5 enhanced the cardiac mRNA expression of COX-2 and PGES, suggesting a COX-2/PGE2 response to NOX5 presence in an ischemic situation. Our data support that NOX5-derived ROS may modulate the COX-2/PGE2 axis in endothelial cells, which might play a relevant role in the pathophysiology of heart infarction.
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Aceves JL, López RV, Terán PM, Escobedo CM, Marroquín Muciño MA, Castillo GG, Estrada MM, García FR, Quiroz GD, Montaño Estrada LF. Autologous CXCR4+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells Injected into the Scar Tissue of Chronic Myocardial Infarction Patients Normalizes Tissue Contractility and Perfusion. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:135-144. [PMID: 32113784 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myocardial infarction (CMI), represents a public health and a financial burden. Since stem cell transplant is used to regenerate cardiac tissue after acute myocardial infarction. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine if autologous CXCR4 stem cells could restore damaged myocardial tissue in patients with CMI lesions. METHODS 20 NYHA grade III male patients with CMI defined by clinical, biochemical, ECG and echocardiographic parameters were included. Patients were treated with G-CSF for 6 d before isolating their autologous stem cells from PBMCs. Cell phenotyping was done by cytofluorometry using monoclonal antibodies (anti-CXCR4, -CD34, -48, -117, -133, -Ki67, -SDF1 and CXCR4); CXCR4 cell subpopulations isolated by sorting were adjusted to 1 × 108 cells by subpopulation and injected in a circular pattern into the cicatrix previously defined by echocardiography. RESULTS Patients were followed for 6 and 12 months. Six months after cell implant improvements in left ventricle ejection fraction (from 33-50%), stress rate values (from -3/-9% to -18/-22%), stress tests (from 4-12 METS), and the quantity of left ventricle affected segments (3-9) disappeared according to the G-SPECT images. 12 months evaluations did not show significant differences. Interestingly, 3 months after cell implant the ECG showed normal electrical activity in 9 patients whereas after 6 months it was normal in all the patients. CONCLUSIONS These results ratify that locally injected autologous CXCR4+ bone marrow-derived stem cells have a physiological and a clinical impact in patients with CMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Aceves
- Departamento de Cirugía Cardiotorácica, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Rafael Vilchis López
- Departamento de Cirugía Cardiotorácica, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Paúl Mondragón Terán
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa e Ingeniería de Tejidos, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carmen Martínez Escobedo
- Departamento de Cardiología Nuclear, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mario A Marroquín Muciño
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa e Ingeniería de Tejidos, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guillermo García Castillo
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa e Ingeniería de Tejidos, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miriam Marmolejo Estrada
- Unidad de Aféresis, Banco de Sangre, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fernando Rodríguez García
- Unidad de Aféresis, Banco de Sangre, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Díaz Quiroz
- Departamento de Cirugía Cardiotorácica, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Felipe Montaño Estrada
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Li X, Jiang M, Tan T, Narasimhulu CA, Xiao Y, Hao H, Cui Y, Zhang J, Liu L, Yang C, Li Y, Ma J, Verfaillie CM, Parthasarathy S, Zhu H, Liu Z. N-acetylcysteine prevents oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced reduction of MG53 and enhances MG53 protective effect on bone marrow stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:886-898. [PMID: 31742908 PMCID: PMC6933383 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MG53 is an important membrane repair protein and partially protects bone marrow multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) against oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL). The present study was to test the hypothesis that the limited protective effect of MG53 on MAPCs was due to ox‐LDL‐induced reduction of MG53. MAPCs were cultured with and without ox‐LDL (0‐20 μg/mL) for up to 48 hours with or without MG53 and antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine (NAC). Serum MG53 level was measured in ox‐LDL‐treated mice with or without NAC treatment. Ox‐LDL induced significant membrane damage and substantially impaired MAPC survival with selective inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. NAC treatment effectively prevented ox‐LDL‐induced reduction of Akt phosphorylation without protecting MAPCs against ox‐LDL. While having no effect on Akt phosphorylation, MG53 significantly decreased ox‐LDL‐induced membrane damage and partially improved the survival, proliferation and apoptosis of MAPCs in vitro. Ox‐LDL significantly decreased MG53 level in vitro and serum MG53 level in vivo without changing MG53 clearance. NAC treatment prevented ox‐LDL‐induced MG53 reduction both in vitro and in vivo. Combined NAC and MG53 treatment significantly improved MAPC survival against ox‐LDL. These data suggested that NAC enhanced the protective effect of MG53 on MAPCs against ox‐LDL through preventing ox‐LDL‐induced reduction of MG53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Meng Jiang
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Tao Tan
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chandrakala A Narasimhulu
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jia Zhang
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Chunlin Yang
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yixi Li
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Hua Zhu
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells Support Lymphatic Regeneration at Multiple Anatomical Levels during Wound Healing and Lymphedema. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3852. [PMID: 29497054 PMCID: PMC5832783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic capillary growth is an integral part of wound healing, yet, the combined effectiveness of stem/progenitor cells on lymphatic and blood vascular regeneration in wounds needs further exploration. Stem/progenitor cell transplantation also emerged as an approach to cure lymphedema, a condition caused by lymphatic system deficiency. While lymphedema treatment requires lymphatic system restoration from the capillary to the collector level, it remains undetermined whether stem/progenitor cells support a complex regenerative response across the entire anatomical spectrum of the system. Here, we demonstrate that, although multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) showed potential to differentiate down the lymphatic endothelial lineage, they mainly trophically supported lymphatic endothelial cell behaviour in vitro. In vivo, MAPC transplantation supported blood vessel and lymphatic capillary growth in wounds and restored lymph drainage across skin flaps by stimulating capillary and pre-collector vessel regeneration. Finally, human MAPCs mediated survival and functional reconnection of transplanted lymph nodes to the host lymphatic network by improving their (lymph)vascular supply and restoring collector vessels. Thus, MAPC transplantation represents a promising remedy for lymphatic system restoration at different anatomical levels and hence an appealing treatment for lymphedema. Furthermore, its combined efficacy on lymphatic and blood vascular growth is an important asset for wound healing.
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Mittal R, Jhaveri VM, McMurry HS, Kay SIS, Sutherland KJ, Nicole L, Mittal J, Jayant RD. Recent treatment modalities for cardiovascular diseases with a focus on stem cells, aptamers, exosomes and nanomedicine. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:831-840. [PMID: 29447002 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1436555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to the significant impact of CVD on humans, there is a need to develop novel treatment modalities tailored to major classes of cardiac diseases including hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, valvular disease and inflammatory diseases. In this article, we discuss recent advancements regarding development of therapeutic strategies based on stem cells, aptamers, exosomes, drug-eluting and dissolvable stents, immunotherapy and nanomedicine for the treatment of CVD. We summarize current research and clinical advances in cardiovascular therapeutics, with a focus on therapies that move beyond current oral- or sublingual-based regimens. This review article provides insight into current research and future treatment strategies that hold a great relevance for future clinical practice in pursuit of improving quality of life of patients suffering from CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Vasanti M Jhaveri
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Hannah S McMurry
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Sae-In Samantha Kay
- b Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine , Nova Southeastern University , Fort Lauderdale , FL , USA
| | - Kyle J Sutherland
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Lin Nicole
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Rahul Dev Jayant
- c Department of Immunology , Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University , Miami , FL , USA
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Weng Y, Zhang X, Liu A, Cai W, Li F, Wang T. The effect of allogeneic cardiac stem cells in left ventricular geometry and function in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Ther 2017; 36. [PMID: 29171187 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction (MI) was related to left ventricular (LV) pathological remodeling and dysfunction. Cardiac stem cells (CSCs) provided a new option to treat acute MI. This study was to investigate the effects of CSCs on structural and functional alteration in acute MI. METHODS Acute MI was induced in 20 Sprague-Dawley rats by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Two weeks after MI, animals were randomized into CSCs or control group. LV geometry and function were echocardiographically measured at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after MI. After measuring hemodynamics at 6 weeks after MI, hearts were harvested for tracing CSCs stained by PKH26 and testing expression of VEGF-α/TGF-β1 by RT-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS Two weeks after MI, there were significant decreases in interventricular septal systolic and diastolic thickness (IVSTs/d), while increases in LV systolic and diastolic dimension (LVDs/d). Consequently, this contributed to decreases in ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shorting (FS). With the treatment of CSCs for 4 weeks, significant better ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shorting (FS) were achieved in CSCs group accompanied by the reduction in LV systole and diastole dimension (LVDs/d). Besides, a significant improvement in the maximal rate of LV pressure development and decline (peak +dP/dt and -dP/dt, respectively) was observed. Moreover, significantly higher VEGF-α was expressed in CSCs group rather than TGF-β1. CONCLUSION CSCs significantly prevented structural and functional deterioration after MI with increasing expression of VEGF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlun Weng
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueyuan Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anmin Liu
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangqing Cai
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangcheng Li
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Shalev-Malul G, Soler DC, Ting AE, Lehman NA, Barnboym E, McCormick TS, Anthony DD, Lazarus HM, Caplan AI, Breitman M, Singer NG. Development of a Functional Biomarker for Use in Cell-Based Therapy Studies in Seropositive Rheumatoid Arthritis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:628-31. [PMID: 27025689 PMCID: PMC4835254 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that an ex vivo T-cell suppression assay could estimate response to novel cell-based therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Results showed multipotent adult progenitor cell products suppressed RA effector T cells. The study demonstrated the feasibility of using suppressor assays to detect biological effects of cell-based therapy in RA and suggests these effects are dose-dependent. Cell-based therapy has potential therapeutic value in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In RA, reduction of disease activity has been associated with improvement in the function of regulatory T cells (Treg) and attenuated responses of proinflammatory effector T cells (Teff). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and related multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC) have strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and may be able to “reset” the immune system to a pre-RA state. MAPC are MSC-like cells that are slightly earlier in lineage, have greater expansion capacity, and can be used as “off-the-shelf” therapy. Assessment of cell-based therapy to treat arthritis and related diseases is limited by the lack of available biological correlates that can be measured early on and indicate treatment response. We set out to develop a functional measure that could be used ex vivo as a biomarker of response. We were able to demonstrate that MAPC products could inhibit Teff responses from patients with active RA and that Treg from RA patients suppressed Teff. This assay used ex vivo can be used with MAPC or Treg alone or in combination and reflects the overall level of Teff suppression. Use of a novel functional biomarker as an exploratory endpoint in trials of cell-based therapy should be of value to detect biological outcomes at a point prior to the time that clinical response might be observed. Significance Therapy with mesenchymal stem cells and related multipotent adult progenitor cells is immune modifying in a variety of diseases. There is interest in using cell-based therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to induce tolerance and “reset” the immune system to its pre-RA state. In a clinical trial, it should be known as soon as possible if there is a chance of response. A biomarker has been developed that permits measurement of the effects of cell-based therapy on effector T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali Shalev-Malul
- Division of Rheumatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David C Soler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA The Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Emma Barnboym
- Division of Rheumatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas S McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA The Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Donald D Anthony
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Divisions of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Division of Infectious Disease, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hillard M Lazarus
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Divison of Hematology Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Arnold I Caplan
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Maya Breitman
- Division of Rheumatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nora G Singer
- Division of Rheumatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Ravanidis S, Bogie JFJ, Donders R, Craeye D, Mays RW, Deans R, Gijbels K, Bronckaers A, Stinissen P, Pinxteren J, Hellings N. Neuroinflammatory signals enhance the immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties of multipotent adult progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:176. [PMID: 26377390 PMCID: PMC4573995 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stem cell-based therapies are currently widely explored as a tool to treat neuroimmune diseases. Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC) have been suggested to have strong immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties in several experimental models. In this study, we investigate whether MAPC are of therapeutic interest for neuroinflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis by evaluating their capacities to modulate crucial pathological features and gain insights into the molecular pathways involved. Methods Rat MAPC were treated with combinations of pro-inflammatory cytokines that are closely associated with neuroinflammatory conditions, a process called licensing. mRNA expression of immunomodulatory molecules, chemokines and chemokine receptors was investigated. The migratory potential of licensed rat MAPC towards a broad spectrum of chemokines was tested in a Transwell assay. Furthermore, the effect of licensing on the ability of rat MAPC to attract and suppress the proliferation of encephalitogenic T cells was assessed. Finally, neuroprotective properties of rat MAPC were determined in the context of protection from oxidative stress of oligodendrocytes. Therefore, rat MAPC were incubated with conditioned medium of OLN93 cells subjected to sublethal doses of hydrogen peroxide and the gene expression of neurotrophic factors was assessed. Results After licensing, a wide variety of immunomodulatory molecules and chemokines, including inducible nitric oxide synthase and fractalkine, were upregulated by rat MAPC. The migratory properties of rat MAPC towards various chemokines were also altered. In addition, rat MAPC were found to inhibit antigen-specific T-cell proliferation and this suppressive effect was further enhanced after pro-inflammatory treatment. This phenomenon was partially mediated through inducible nitric oxide synthase or cyclooxygenase-2. Activated rat MAPC secreted factors that led to attraction of myelin-specific T cells. Finally, exposure of rat MAPC to an in vitro simulated neurodegenerative environment induced the upregulation of mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor. Factors secreted by rat MAPC in response to this environment partially protected OLN93 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. Conclusions Rat MAPC possess immune modulatory and neuroprotective properties which are enhanced in response to neuroinflammatory signals. These findings thereby warrant further research to evaluate MAPC transplantation as a therapeutic approach in diseases with an immunological and neurodegenerative component such as multiple sclerosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0169-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Ravanidis
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute/Transnational University Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen F J Bogie
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute/Transnational University Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Raf Donders
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute/Transnational University Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | | | - Robert W Mays
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Athersys Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Robert Deans
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Athersys Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | | | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute/Transnational University Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Piet Stinissen
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute/Transnational University Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | | | - Niels Hellings
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute/Transnational University Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Chou SH, Lin SZ, Kuo WW, Pai P, Lin JY, Lai CH, Kuo CH, Lin KH, Tsai FJ, Huang CY. Mesenchymal stem cell insights: prospects in cardiovascular therapy. Cell Transplant 2015; 23:513-29. [PMID: 24816448 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x678436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart damage usually triggers cardiomyopathological remodeling and fibrosis, thus promoting the development of heart functional failure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous group of cells in culture, with multipotent and hypoimmunogenic characters to aid tissue repair and avoid immune responses, respectively. Numerous experimental findings have proven the feasibility, safety, and efficiency of MSC therapy for cardiac regeneration. Despite that the exact mechanism remains unclear, the therapeutic ability of MSCs to treat ischemia heart diseases has been tested in phase I/II clinical trials. Based on encouraging preliminary findings, MSCs might become a potentially efficacious tool in the therapeutic options available to treat ischemic and nonischemic cardiovascular disorders. The molecular mechanism behind the efficacy of MSCs on promoting engraftment and accelerating the speed of heart functional recovery is still waiting for clarification. It is hypothesized that cardiomyocyte regeneration, paracrine mechanisms for cardiac repair, optimization of the niche for cell survival, and cardiac remodeling by inflammatory control are involved in the interaction between MSCs and the damaged myocardial environment. This review focuses on recent experimental and clinical findings related to cellular cardiomyoplasticity. We focus on MSCs, highlighting their roles in cardiac tissue repair, transdifferentiation, the MSC niche in myocardial tissues, discuss their therapeutic efficacy that has been tested for cardiac therapy, and the current bottleneck of MSC-based cardiac therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Huey Chou
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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11
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Iglesias-García O, Baumgartner S, Macrí-Pellizzeri L, Rodriguez-Madoz JR, Abizanda G, Guruceaga E, Albiasu E, Corbacho D, Benavides-Vallve C, Soriano-Navarro M, González-Granero S, Gavira JJ, Krausgrill B, Rodriguez-Mañero M, García-Verdugo JM, Ortiz-de-Solorzano C, Halbach M, Hescheler J, Pelacho B, Prósper F. Neuregulin-1β induces mature ventricular cardiac differentiation from induced pluripotent stem cells contributing to cardiac tissue repair. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 24:484-96. [PMID: 25329043 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) are often electrophysiologically immature and heterogeneous, which represents a major barrier to their in vitro and in vivo application. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether Neuregulin-1β (NRG-1β) treatment could enhance in vitro generation of mature "working-type" CMs from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and assess the regenerative effects of these CMs on cardiac tissue after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). With that purpose, adult mouse fibroblast-derived iPS from α-MHC-GFP mice were derived and differentiated into CMs through NRG-1β and/or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment. Cardiac specification and maturation of the iPS was analyzed by gene expression array, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and patch-clamp techniques. In vivo, the iPS-derived CMs or culture medium control were injected into the peri-infarct region of hearts after coronary artery ligation, and functional and histology changes were assessed from 1 to 8 weeks post-transplantation. On differentiation, the iPS displayed early and robust in vitro cardiogenesis, expressing cardiac-specific genes and proteins. More importantly, electrophysiological studies demonstrated that a more mature ventricular-like cardiac phenotype was achieved when cells were treated with NRG-1β and DMSO compared with DMSO alone. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrated that iPS-derived CMs were able to engraft and electromechanically couple to heart tissue, ultimately preserving cardiac function and inducing adequate heart tissue remodeling. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that combined treatment with NRG-1β and DMSO leads to efficient differentiation of iPS into ventricular-like cardiac cells with a higher degree of maturation, which are capable of preserving cardiac function and tissue viability when transplanted into a mouse model of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalla Iglesias-García
- 1 Area of Cell Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain
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12
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Richardson JD, Nelson AJ, Zannettino ACW, Gronthos S, Worthley SG, Psaltis PJ. Optimization of the cardiovascular therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells-taking the next step. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 9:281-302. [PMID: 22529015 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite current treatment options, cardiac failure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality highlighting a compelling clinical need for novel therapeutic approaches. Based on promising pre-clinical data, stem cell therapy has been suggested as a possible therapeutic strategy. Of the candidate cell types evaluated, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been widely evaluated due to their ease of isolation and ex vivo expansion, potential allogeneic utility and capacity to promote neo-angiogenesis and endogenous cardiac repair. However, the clinical application of MSCs for mainstream cardiovascular use is currently hindered by several important limitations, including suboptimal retention and engraftment and restricted capacity for bona fide cardiomyocyte regeneration. Consequently, this has prompted intense efforts to advance the therapeutic properties of MSCs for cardiovascular disease. In this review, we consider the scope of benefit from traditional plastic adherence-isolated MSCs and the lessons learned from their conventional use in preclinical and clinical studies. Focus is then given to the evolving strategies aimed at optimizing MSC therapy, including discussion of cell-targeted techniques that encompass the preparation, pre-conditioning and manipulation of these cells ex vivo, methods to improve their delivery to the heart and innovative substrate-directed strategies to support their interaction with the host myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Richardson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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13
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Chen Y, Ye L, Zhong J, Li X, Yan C, Chandler MP, Calvin S, Xiao F, Negia M, Low WC, Zhang J, Yu X. The Structural Basis of Functional Improvement in Response to Human Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Hearts With Postinfarct LV Remodeling. Cell Transplant 2013; 24:971-83. [PMID: 24332083 DOI: 10.3727/096368913x675746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapy for myocardial repair has been one of the most intensely investigated interventional strategies for acute myocardial infarction. Although the therapeutic potential of stem cells has been demonstrated in various studies, the underlying mechanisms for such improvements are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the long-term effects of stem cell therapy on both myocardial fiber organization and regional contractile function using a rat model of postinfarct remodeling. Human nonhematopoietic umbilical cord blood stem cells (nh-UCBSCs) were administered via tail vein to rats 2 days after infarct surgery. Animals were maintained without immunosuppressive therapy. In vivo and ex vivo MR imaging was performed on infarct hearts 10 months after cell transplantation. Compared to the age-matched rats exposed to the identical surgery, both global and regional cardiac functions of the nh-UCBSC-treated hearts, such as ejection fraction, ventricular strain, and torsion, were significantly improved. More importantly, the treated hearts exhibited preserved fiber orientation and water diffusivities that were similar to those in sham-operated control hearts. These data provide the first evidence that nh-UCBSC treatment may prevent/delay untoward structural remodeling in postinfarct hearts, which supports the improved LV function observed in vivo in the absence of immunosuppression, suggesting a beneficial paracrine effect occurred with the cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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14
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Eggenhofer E, Popp FC, Mendicino M, Silber P, Van't Hof W, Renner P, Hoogduijn MJ, Pinxteren J, van Rooijen N, Geissler EK, Deans R, Schlitt HJ, Dahlke MH. Heart grafts tolerized through third-party multipotent adult progenitor cells can be retransplanted to secondary hosts with no immunosuppression. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:595-606. [PMID: 23836805 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) are an adherent stem cell population that belongs to the mesenchymal-type progenitor cell family. Although MAPCs are emerging as candidate agents for immunomodulation after solid organ transplantation, their value requires further validation in a clinically relevant cell therapy model using an organ donor- and organ recipient-independent, third-party cell product. We report that stable allograft survival can be achieved following third-party MAPC infusion in a rat model of fully allogeneic, heterotopic heart transplantation. Furthermore, long-term accepted heart grafts recovered from MAPC-treated animals can be successfully retransplanted to naïve animals without additional immunosuppression. This prolongation of MAPC-mediated allograft acceptance depends upon a myeloid cell population since depletion of macrophages by clodronate abrogates the tolerogenic MAPC effect. We also show that MAPC-mediated allograft acceptance differs mechanistically from drug-induced tolerance regarding marker gene expression, T regulatory cell induction, retransplantability, and macrophage dependence. MAPC-based immunomodulation represents a promising pathway for clinical immunotherapy that has led us to initiate a phase I clinical trial for testing safety and feasibility of third-party MAPC therapy after liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Eggenhofer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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15
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Di Felice V, Serradifalco C, Rizzuto L, De Luca A, Rappa F, Barone R, Di Marco P, Cassata G, Puleio R, Verin L, Motta A, Migliaresi C, Guercio A, Zummo G. Silk fibroin scaffolds enhance cell commitment of adult rat cardiac progenitor cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 9:E51-64. [PMID: 23592297 DOI: 10.1002/term.1739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of three-dimensional (3D) cultures may induce cardiac progenitor cells to synthesize their own extracellular matrix (ECM) and sarcomeric proteins to initiate cardiac differentiation. 3D cultures grown on synthetic scaffolds may favour the implantation and survival of stem cells for cell therapy when pharmacological therapies are not efficient in curing cardiovascular diseases and when organ transplantation remains the only treatment able to rescue the patient's life. Silk fibroin-based scaffolds may be used to increase cell affinity to biomaterials and may be chemically modified to improve cell adhesion. In the present study, porous, partially orientated and electrospun nanometric nets were used. Cardiac progenitor cells isolated from adult rats were seeded by capillarity in the 3D structures and cultured inside inserts for 21 days. Under this condition, the cells expressed a high level of sarcomeric and cardiac proteins and synthesized a great quantity of ECM. In particular, partially orientated scaffolds induced the synthesis of titin, which is a fundamental protein in sarcomere assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Felice
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Serradifalco
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Rizzuto
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela De Luca
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Barone
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Cassata
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lucia Verin
- Department of Materials Engineering and Industrial Technologies and Biotech Research Centre, University of Trento, Italy
- European Institute of Excellence in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine and INSTM Research Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Materials Engineering and Industrial Technologies and Biotech Research Centre, University of Trento, Italy
- European Institute of Excellence in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine and INSTM Research Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Migliaresi
- Department of Materials Engineering and Industrial Technologies and Biotech Research Centre, University of Trento, Italy
- European Institute of Excellence in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine and INSTM Research Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zummo
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Italy
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16
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Araña M, Peña E, Abizanda G, Cilla M, Ochoa I, Gavira JJ, Espinosa G, Doblaré M, Pelacho B, Prosper F. Preparation and characterization of collagen-based ADSC-carrier sheets for cardiovascular application. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:6075-83. [PMID: 23261927 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of scaffolds composed of natural biodegradable matrices represents an attractive strategy to circumvent the lack of cell engraftment, a major limitation of stem cell therapy in cardiovascular diseases. Bovine-derived non-porous collagen scaffolds with different degrees of cross-linking (C0, C2, C5 and C10) were produced and tested for their mechanical behavior, in vitro biocompatibility with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and tissue adhesion and inflammatory reaction. Uniaxial tensile tests revealed an anisotropic behavior of collagen scaffolds (2×0.5cm) and statistically significant differences in the mechanical behavior between cross-linked and non-cross-linked scaffolds (n=5). In vitro, ADSCs adhered homogenously and showed a similar degree of proliferation on all four types of scaffolds (cells×10(3)cm(-2) at day 7: C0: 94.7±37.1; C2: 91.7±25.6; C5: 88.2±6.8; C10: 72.8±10.7; P=n.s.; n=3). In order to test the in vivo biocompatibility, a chronic myocardial infarction model was performed in rats and 1.2×1.2cm size collagen scaffolds implanted onto the heart 1month post-infarction. Six animals per group were killed 2, 7 and 30days after transplant. Complete and long-lasting adhesion to the heart was only observed with the non-cross-linked scaffolds with almost total degradation 1month post-transplantation. After 7 and 30days post-implantation, the degree of inflammation was significantly lower in the hearts treated with non-cross-linked scaffolds (day 7: C0: 10.2±2.1%; C2: 16.3±2.9%; C5: 15.9±4.8%; C10: 17.4±4.1%; P<0.05 vs. C0; day 30: C0: 1.3±1.3%; C2: 9.4±3.0%; C5: 7.0±2.1%; C10: 9.8±2.5%; P<0.01 vs. C0). In view of the results, the non-cross-linked scaffold (C0) was chosen as an ADSC-carrier sheet and tested in vivo. One week post-implantation, 25.3±7.0% of the cells transplanted were detected in those animals receiving the cell-carrier sheet whereas no cells were found in animals receiving cells alone (n=3 animals/group). We conclude that the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of the non-cross-linked collagen scaffolds make them a useful cell carrier that greatly favors tissue cell engraftment and may be exploited for cell transplantation in models of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Araña
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Division of Cancer, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
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17
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Luo M, Liu Z, Hao H, Lu T, Chen M, Lei M, Verfaillie CM, Liu Z. High glucose facilitates cell cycle arrest of rat bone marrow multipotent adult progenitor cells through transforming growth factor-β1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signalling without changing Oct4 expression. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 39:843-51. [PMID: 22804759 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2012.05747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
1. The transcription factor Oct4 is critical to the pluripotency, self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of high glucose (HG) on the cell cycle progression of bone marrow multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC) and Oct4 expression, as well as the underlying mechanisms. 2. Rat MAPC were cultured in normal (5.5 mmol/L D-glucose) and HG (25.5 mmol/L D-glucose) media for up to 14 days. L-Glucose served as a high osmolarity control. Culture in HG media substantially increased the number of cells in the G(0)/G(1) phase and decreased the number in the S phase without changing the cell population in the G(2) phase. Expression of the cell cycle regulatory protein p21CIP/WAF-1 (p21), but not that of p27KIP-1 (p27), was significantly upregulated in cells cultured in HG media. Significant increases were seen in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 levels in cells and MAPC-conditioned medium in the presence of HG, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation was enhanced in cells cultured in the presence of HG medium without any changes in Akt phosphorylation. 3. Neutralizing TGF-β1 antibody effectively prevented HG-induced increases in ERK1/2 phosphorylation, p21 expression and suppression of cell cycle progression of MAPC. Inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation with PD98059 completely blocked HG-induced p21 expression and markedly reversed HG-induced inhibition of cell cycle progression in MAPC. The HG-induced suppression of cell cycle progression was not accompanied by inhibition of cell proliferation or Oct4 expression in these cells. 4. The data indicate that HG facilitates cell cycle arrest of rat MAPC through TGF-β1-induced activation of ERK1/2 signalling and p21 expression, and that Oct4 expression in MAPC is independent of the cell cycle and/or TGF-β1 or ERK1/2 signalling in HG medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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18
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Therapeutic effects of hMAPC and hMSC transplantation after stroke in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43683. [PMID: 22952736 PMCID: PMC3432058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents an attractive target for stem cell therapy. Although different types of cells have been employed in animal models, a direct comparison between cell sources has not been performed. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of human multipotent adult progenitor cells (hMAPCs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on endogenous neurogenesis, angiogenesis and inflammation following stroke. BALB/Ca-RAG 2(-/-) γC(-/-) mice subjected to FeCl(3) thrombosis mediated stroke were intracranially injected with 2 × 10(5) hMAPCs or hMSCs 2 days after stroke and followed for up to 28 days. We could not detect long-term engraftment of either cell population. However, in comparison with PBS-treated animals, hMSC and hMAPC grafted animals demonstrated significantly decreased loss of brain tissue. This was associated with increased angiogenesis, diminished inflammation and a glial-scar inhibitory effect. Moreover, enhanced proliferation of cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and survival of newly generated neuroblasts was observed. Interestingly, these neuroprotective effects were more pronounced in the group of animals treated with hMAPCs in comparison with hMSCs. Our results establish cell therapy with hMAPCs and hMSCs as a promising strategy for the treatment of stroke.
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Benavides-Vallve C, Corbacho D, Iglesias-Garcia O, Pelacho B, Albiasu E, Castaño S, Muñoz-Barrutia A, Prosper F, Ortiz-de-Solorzano C. New strategies for echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function in a mouse model of long-term myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41691. [PMID: 22848568 PMCID: PMC3407217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this article is to present an optimized acquisition and analysis protocol for the echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricle (LV) remodeling in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI). METHODOLOGY 13 female DBA/2J mice underwent permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery leading to MI. Mice echocardiography was performed using a Vevo 770 (Visualsonics, Canada) before infarction, and 7, 14, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after LAD ligation. LV systolic function was evaluated using different parameters, including the fractional area change (FAC%) computed in four high-temporal resolution B-mode short axis images taken at different ventricular levels, and in one parasternal long axis. Pulsed wave and tissue Doppler modes were used to evaluate the diastolic function and Tei Index for global cardiac function. The echocardiographic measurements of infarct size were validated histologically using collagen deposition labeled by Sirius red staining. All data was analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk and Student's t-tests. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our results reveal LV dilation resulting in marked remodeling an severe systolic dysfunction, starting seven days after MI (LV internal apical diameter, basal = 2.82±0.24, 7d = 3.49±0.42; p<0.001. End-diastolic area, basal = 18.98±1.81, 7d = 22.04±2.11; p<0.001). A strong statistically significant negative correlation exists between the infarct size and long-axis FAC% (r = -0.946; R(2) = 0.90; p<0.05). Moreover, the measured Tei Index values confirmed significant post-infarction impairment of the global cardiac function (basal = 0.46±0.07, 7d = 0.55±0.08, 14 d = 0.57±0.06, 30 d = 0.54±0.06, 60 d = 0.54±0.07, 90 d = 0.57±0.08; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In summary, we have performed a complete characterization of LV post-infarction remodeling in a DBA/2J mouse model of MI, using parameters adapted to the particular characteristics of the model In the future, this well characterized model will be used in both investigative and pharmacological studies that require accurate quantitative monitoring of cardiac recovery after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Benavides-Vallve
- Imaging Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - David Corbacho
- Imaging Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Olalla Iglesias-Garcia
- Imaging Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pelacho
- Imaging Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Edurne Albiasu
- Imaging Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Sara Castaño
- Cardiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Arrate Muñoz-Barrutia
- Imaging Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Imaging Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Carlos Ortiz-de-Solorzano
- Imaging Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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20
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Nakamura Y, Asakura Y, Piras BA, Hirai H, Tastad CT, Verma M, Christ AJ, Zhang J, Yamazaki T, Yoshiyama M, Asakura A. Increased angiogenesis and improved left ventricular function after transplantation of myoblasts lacking the MyoD gene into infarcted myocardium. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41736. [PMID: 22848585 PMCID: PMC3404994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal myoblast transplantation has therapeutic potential for repairing damaged heart. However, the optimal conditions for this transplantation are still unclear. Recently, we demonstrated that satellite cell-derived myoblasts lacking the MyoD gene (MyoD(-/-)), a master transcription factor for skeletal muscle myogenesis, display increased survival and engraftment compared to wild-type controls following transplantation into murine skeletal muscle. In this study, we compare cell survival between wild-type and MyoD(-/-) myoblasts after transplantation into infarcted heart. We demonstrate that MyoD(-/-) myoblasts display greater resistance to hypoxia, engraft with higher efficacy, and show a larger improvement in ejection fraction than wild-type controls. Following transplantation, the majority of MyoD(-/-) and wild-type myoblasts form skeletal muscle fibers while cardiomyocytes do not. Importantly, the transplantation of MyoD(-/-) myoblasts induces a high degree of angiogenesis in the area of injury. DNA microarray data demonstrate that paracrine angiogenic factors, such as stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF), are up-regulated in MyoD(-/-) myoblasts. In addition, over-expression and gene knockdown experiments demonstrate that MyoD negatively regulates gene expression of these angiogenic factors. These results indicate that MyoD(-/-) myoblasts impart beneficial effects after transplantation into an infarcted heart, potentially due to the secretion of paracrine angiogenic factors and enhanced angiogenesis in the area of injury. Therefore, our data provide evidence that a genetically engineered myoblast cell type with suppressed MyoD function is useful for therapeutic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Cardiovascular Division Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Bryan A. Piras
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hiroyuki Hirai
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christopher T. Tastad
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mayank Verma
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Amanda J. Christ
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Cardiovascular Division Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Takanori Yamazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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Lehman N, Cutrone R, Raber A, Perry R, Van't Hof W, Deans R, Ting AE, Woda J. Development of a surrogate angiogenic potency assay for clinical-grade stem cell production. Cytotherapy 2012; 14:994-1004. [PMID: 22687190 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.688945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Clinical results from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients treated with MultiStem®, a large-scale expanded adherent multipotent progenitor cell population (MAPC), have demonstrated a strong safety and benefit profile for these cells. The mechanism of benefit with MAPC treatment is a result, in part, of its ability to induce neovascularization through trophic support. Production of clinical-grade stem cell products requires the development of lot-release criteria based on potency assays that directly reflect the fundamental mechanistic pathway underlying the therapeutic response to verify manufacturing process consistency and product potency. METHODS AND RESULTS Using an in vitro endothelial tube formation assay, a potency assay has been developed that reflects MAPC pro-angiogenic activity. Serum-free conditioned media collected from MAPC culture induced endothelial tube formation. A proteomic survey of angiogenic factors produced by the cells in vitro revealed candidate factors linked to angiogenic potency. Three cytokines, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 (CXCL5), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were required for this angiogenic activity. Depletion of any of these factors from the media prevented tube formation, while adding back increasing amounts of these cytokines into the depleted serum-free conditioned media established the lower limits of each of the cytokines required to induce angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS A necessary threshold of angiogenic factor expression was established using an in vitro angiogenesis assay. By correlating the levels of the cytokines required to induce tube formation in vitro with levels of the factors found in the spent media from manufacturing production runs, detection of these factors was identified as a surrogate potency assay with defined pass/fail criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Lehman
- Athersys Inc., Regenerative Medicine Program, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, USA
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22
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Luo M, Liu Z, Chen G, Hao H, Lu T, Cui Y, Lei M, Verfaillie CM, Liu Z. High glucose enhances TGF-β1 expression in rat bone marrow stem cells via ERK1/2-mediated inhibition of STAT3 signaling. Life Sci 2012; 90:509-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Penn MS, Ellis S, Gandhi S, Greenbaum A, Hodes Z, Mendelsohn FO, Strasser D, Ting AE, Sherman W. Adventitial delivery of an allogeneic bone marrow-derived adherent stem cell in acute myocardial infarction: phase I clinical study. Circ Res 2011; 110:304-11. [PMID: 22052917 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.253427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE MultiStem is an allogeneic bone marrow-derived adherent adult stem cell product that has shown efficacy in preclinical models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this phase I clinical trial in patients with first ST-elevation-myocardial infarction (STEMI), we combine first-in-man delivery of MultiStem with a first-in-coronary adventitial delivery system to determine the effects of this system on left ventricular function at 4 months after AMI. OBJECTIVE Test the effects of adventitial delivery of Multistem in the peri-infarct period in patients with first STEMI. METHODS AND RESULTS This study was a phase I, open-label, dose-escalating registry control group study. Nineteen patients received MultiStem (20 million, n=6; 50 million, n=7; or 100 million, n=6) and 6 subjects were assigned to the registry control group. Two to 5 days after AMI, we delivered MultiStem to the adventitia of the infarct-related vessel in patients with first-time STEMI. All patients underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention with resulting Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction grade 3 flow and with ejection fraction (EF) ≤45% as determined by echocardiogram or left ventriculogram within 12 hours of primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The cell product (20 million, 50 million, or 100 million) was well tolerated, and no serious adverse events were deemed related to MultiStem. There was no increase in creatine kinase-MB or troponin associated with the adventitial delivery of MultiStem. In patients with EF determined to be ≤45% by a core laboratory within 24 hours before the MultiStem injection, we observed a 0.9 (n=4), 3.9 (n=4), 13.5 (n=5), and 10.9 (n=2) percent absolute increases in EF in the registry, 20 million, 50 million, and 100 million dose groups, respectively. The increases in EF in the 50 million and 100 million groups were accompanied by 25.4 and 8.4 mL increases in left ventricular stroke volume. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the delivery of MultiStem to the myocardium in patients with recent STEMI was well tolerated and safe. In patients who exhibited significant myocardial damage, the delivery of ≥50 million MultiStem resulted in improved EF and stroke volume 4 months later. These findings support further development of MultiStem in patients with AMI and they validate the potential of a system for delivery of adult stem cells at any time after primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc S Penn
- Summa Cardiovascular Institute, 525 E. Market St., Akron, OH 44309, USA.
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Medicetty S, Wiktor D, Lehman N, Raber A, Popovic ZB, Deans R, Ting AE, Penn MS. Percutaneous adventitial delivery of allogeneic bone marrow-derived stem cells via infarct-related artery improves long-term ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction. Cell Transplant 2011; 21:1109-20. [PMID: 22004910 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x603657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) results in ischemic damage and death of cardiomyocytes and loss of vasculature. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a potentially promising strategy for maximizing cardiac function following ischemic injury. Issues of cell source, delivery, and quantification of response have challenged development of clinically viable strategies. In this study we investigate the effects of a well-defined bone marrow-derived allogeneic cell product delivered by catheter directly to the myocardium via the infarct-related vessel on global and regional measures of left ventricular (LV) function in a porcine model of anterior wall myocardial infarction. Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) were derived and expanded from the bone marrow of a donor Yorkshire pig. Anterior wall myocardial infarction (AMI) was induced by 90 min of mid-LAD occlusion using a balloon catheter. Two days after AMI was induced, either vehicle (Plasma Lyte-A, n = 7), low-dose (20 million, n = 6), or high-dose (200 million, n = 6) MAPCs were delivered directly to the myocardium via the infarct-related vessel using a transarterial microsyringe catheter-based delivery system. Echocardiography was used to measure LV function as a function of time after AMI. Animals that received low-dose cell treatment showed significant improvement in regional and global LV function and remodeling compared to the high-dose or control animals. Direct myocardial delivery of allogeneic MAPCs 2 days following AMI through the vessel wall of the infarct-related vessel is safe and results in delivery of cells throughout the infarct zone and improved cardiac function despite lack of long-term cell survival. These data further support the hypothesis of cell-based myocardial tissue repair by a paracrine mechanism and suggest a clinically translatable strategy for delivering cells at any time after AMI to modulate cardiac remodeling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Medicetty
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH 44309, USA
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25
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Wilber A, Ulloa Montoya F, Hammer L, Moriarity BS, Geurts AM, Largaespada DA, Verfaillie CM, McIvor RS, Lakshmipathy U. Efficient non-viral integration and stable gene expression in multipotent adult progenitor cells. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2011:717069. [PMID: 21977042 PMCID: PMC3184415 DOI: 10.4061/2011/717069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-viral integrating systems, PhiC31 phage integrase (ϕC31), and Sleeping Beauty transposase (SB), provide an effective method for ex vivo gene delivery into cells. Here, we used a plasmid-encoding GFP and neomycin phosphotransferase along with recognition sequences for both ϕC31 and SB integrating systems to demonstrate that both systems effectively mediated integration in cultured human fibroblasts and in rat multipotent adult progenitor cells (rMAPC). Southern blot analysis of G418-resistant rMAPC clones showed a 2-fold higher number of SB-mediated insertions per clone compared to ϕC31. Sequence identification of chromosomal junction sites indicated a random profile for SB-mediated integrants and a more restricted profile for ϕC31 integrants. Transgenic rMAPC generated with both systems maintained their ability to differentiate into liver and endothelium albeit with marked attenuation of GFP expression. We conclude that both SB and ϕC31 are effective non-viral integrating systems for genetic engineering of MAPC in basic studies of stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wilber
- Center for Genome Engineering, Gene Therapy Program, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Aranguren XL, Pelacho B, Peñuelas I, Abizanda G, Uriz M, Ecay M, Collantaes M, Araña M, Beerens M, Coppiello G, Prieto I, Perez-Ilzarbe M, Andreu EJ, Luttun A, Prósper F. MAPC transplantation confers a more durable benefit than AC133+ cell transplantation in severe hind limb ischemia. Cell Transplant 2010; 20:259-69. [PMID: 20719064 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x516592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for comparative studies to determine which cell types are better candidates to remedy ischemia. Here, we compared human AC133(+) cells and multipotent adult progenitor cells (hMAPC) in a mouse model reminiscent of critical limb ischemia. hMAPC or hAC133(+) cell transplantation induced a significant improvement in tissue perfusion (measured by microPET) 15 days posttransplantation compared to controls. This improvement persisted for 30 days in hMAPC-treated but not in hAC133(+)-injected animals. While transplantation of hAC133(+) cells promoted capillary growth, hMAPC transplantation also induced collateral expansion, decreased muscle necrosis/fibrosis, and improved muscle regeneration. Incorporation of differentiated hAC133(+) or hMAPC progeny into new vessels was limited; however, a paracrine angio/arteriogenic effect was demonstrated in animals treated with hMAPC. Accordingly, hMAPC-conditioned, but not hAC133(+)-conditioned, media stimulated vascular cell proliferation and prevented myoblast, endothelial, and smooth muscle cell apoptosis in vitro. Our study suggests that although hAC133(+) cell and hMAPC transplantation both contribute to vascular regeneration in ischemic limbs, hMAPC exert a more robust effect through trophic mechanisms, which translated into collateral and muscle fiber regeneration. This, in turn, conferred tissue protection and regeneration with longer term functional improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier L Aranguren
- Hematology Service and Cell Therapy, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Division of Cancer, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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27
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Dimomeletis I, Deindl E, Zaruba M, Groebner M, Zahler S, Laslo SM, David R, Kostin S, Deutsch MA, Assmann G, Mueller-Hoecker J, Feuring-Buske M, Franz WM. Assessment of human MAPCs for stem cell transplantation and cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction in SCID mice. Exp Hematol 2010; 38:1105-14. [PMID: 20621157 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical studies suggest that transplantation of total bone marrow (BM) after myocardial infarction (MI) is feasible and potentially effective. However, focusing on a defined BM-derived stem cell type may enable a more specific and optimized treatment. Multilineage differentiation potential makes BM-derived multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) a promising stem cell pool for regenerative purposes. We analyzed the cardioregenerative potential of human MAPCs in a murine model of myocardial infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human MAPCs were selected by negative depletion of CD45(+)/glycophorin(+) BM cells and plated on fibronectin-coated dishes. In vitro, stem cells were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In vivo, we transplanted human MAPCs (5 × 10(5)) by intramyocardial injection after MI in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) beige mice. Six and 30 days after the surgical procedure, pressure-volume relationships were investigated in vivo. Heart tissues were analyzed immunohistochemically. RESULTS Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction experiments on early human MAPC passages evidenced an expression of Oct-4, a stem cell marker indicating pluripotency. In later passages, cardiac markers (Nkx2.5, GATA4, MLC-2v, MLC-2a, ANP, cTnT, cTnI,) and smooth muscle cell markers (SMA, SM22α) were expressed. Transplantation of human MAPCs into the ischemic border zone after MI resulted in an improved cardiac function at day 6 (ejection fraction, 26% vs 20%) and day 30 (ejection fraction, 30% vs 23%). Confirmation of human MAPC marker vimentin in immunohistochemistry demonstrated that human MAPC integrated in the peri-infarct region. The proliferation marker Ki67 was absent in immunohistochemistry and teratoma formation was not found, indicating no tumorous potential of transplanted human MAPCs in the tumor-sensitive SCID model. CONCLUSIONS Transplantation of human MAPCs after MI ameliorates myocardial function, which may be explained by trophic effects of human MAPCs. Lack of evidence of tumorous potential in the tumor-sensitive SCID model indicates that human MAPCs may deliver an effective and safe stem cell pool for potential treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Dimomeletis
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Nichols JE, Niles J, Walls S, Cortiella J. In vitro human bone marrow analog: clinical potential. Regen Med 2010; 5:289-98. [PMID: 20210588 DOI: 10.2217/rme.10.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow is the primary site of hematopoiesis in adult humans. Bone marrow can be cultured in vitro but few simple culture systems fully support hematopoiesis beyond a few months. Human bone marrow analogs are long-term in vitro cultures of marrow stromal and hematopoietic stem cells that can be used to produce cells and products normally harvested from human donors. Bone marrow analog systems should exhibit confluence of the stromal cell populations, persistence of hematopoietic progenitor cells, presence of active regions of hematopoiesis and capacity to produce mature cell types for extended periods of time. Although we are still years away from realizing clinical application of products formed by artificial bone marrow analogs, the process of transitioning this research tool from bench to bedside should be fairly straightforward. The most obvious application of artificial marrow would be for production of autologous hematopoietic CD34(+) stem cells as a stem cell therapy for individuals experiencing bone marrow failure due to disease or injury. Another logical application is for 'blood farming', a process for large-scale in vitro production of red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets, for transfusion or treatment. Other possibilities include production of nonhematopoietic stem cells such as osteogenic stromal cells, osteoblasts and rare pluripotent stem cells. Bone marrow analogs also have great potential as ex vivo human test systems and could play a critical role in drug discovery, drug development and toxicity testing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E Nichols
- Laboratory of Regenerative & Nano-Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA.
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29
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Mazo M, Gavira JJ, Abizanda G, Moreno C, Ecay M, Soriano M, Aranda P, Collantes M, Alegría E, Merino J, Peñuelas I, García Verdugo JM, Pelacho B, Prósper F. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells exerts a greater long-term effect than bone marrow mononuclear cells in a chronic myocardial infarction model in rat. Cell Transplant 2009; 19:313-28. [PMID: 19919732 DOI: 10.3727/096368909x480323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the long-term effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) transplantation in a rat model of chronic myocardial infarction (MI) in comparison with the effect of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) transplant. Five weeks after induction of MI, rats were allocated to receive intramyocardial injection of 10(6) GFP-expressing cells (BM-MNC or MSC) or medium as control. Heart function (echocardiography and (18)F-FDG-microPET) and histological studies were performed 3 months after transplantation and cell fate was analyzed along the experiment (1 and 2 weeks and 1 and 3 months). The main findings of this study were that both BM-derived populations, BM-MNC and MSC, induced a long-lasting (3 months) improvement in LVEF (BM-MNC: 26.61 +/- 2.01% to 46.61 +/- 3.7%, p < 0.05; MSC: 27.5 +/- 1.28% to 38.8 +/- 3.2%, p < 0.05) but remarkably, only MSC improved tissue metabolism quantified by (18)F-FDG uptake (71.15 +/- 1.27 to 76.31 +/- 1.11, p < 0.01), which was thereby associated with a smaller infarct size and scar collagen content and also with a higher revascularization degree. Altogether, results show that MSC provides a long-term superior benefit than whole BM-MNC transplantation in a rat model of chronic MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mazo
- Hematology and Cell Therapy and Division of Cancer, Clinica Universitaria and Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
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30
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Stem cell therapy for end-stage heart failure: indispensable role for the cell? Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2009; 14:560-5. [DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e328330389e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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31
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Seeger FH, Rasper T, Koyanagi M, Fox H, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. CXCR4 expression determines functional activity of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells for therapeutic neovascularization in acute ischemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1802-9. [PMID: 19696399 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.194688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMCs) improve the functional recovery after ischemia. However, BMCs comprise a heterogeneous mixture of cells, and it is not known which cell types are responsible for the induction of neovascularization after cell therapy. Because cell recruitment is critically dependent on the expression of the SDF-1-receptor CXCR4, we examined whether the expression of CXCR4 may identify a therapeutically active population of BMCs. METHODS AND RESULTS Human CXCR4(+) and CXCR4(-) BMCs were sorted by magnetic beads. CXCR4(+) BMCs showed a significantly higher invasion capacity under basal conditions and after SDF-1 stimulation. Hematopoietic or mesenchymal colony-forming capacity did not differ between CXCR4(+) and CXCR4(-) BMCs. Injection of CXCR4(+) BMCs in mice after induction of hindlimb ischemia significantly improved the recovery of perfusion compared to injection of CXCR4(-) BMCs. Likewise, capillary density was significantly increased in CXCR4(+) BMC-treated mice. Because part of the beneficial effects of cell therapy were attributed to the release of paracrine effectors, we analyzed BMC supernatants for secreted factors. Importantly, supernatants of CXCR4(+) BMCs were enriched in the proangiogenic cytokines HGF and PDGF-BB. CONCLUSIONS CXCR4(+) BMCs exhibit an increased therapeutic potential for blood flow recovery after acute ischemia. Mechanistically, their higher migratory capacity and their increased release of paracrine factors may contribute to enhanced tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian H Seeger
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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32
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Kim H, Kim SW, Nam D, Kim S, Yoon YS. Cell therapy with bone marrow cells for myocardial regeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:1897-911. [PMID: 19203213 PMCID: PMC2788115 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy has tremendous potential for the damaged heart, which has limited self-renewing capability. Bone marrow (BM) cells are attractive for cell therapy, as they contain diverse stem and progenitor cell populations that can give rise to various cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Studies have shown BM cells to be safe and efficacious in the treatment of myocardial infarction. Possible therapeutic mechanisms mediated by both host and transplanted cells include cardiomyogenesis, neovascularization, and attenuation of adverse remodeling. In this review, different stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow and their application in cell therapy are reviewed, and evidence for their therapeutic mechanisms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyongbum Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Multipotent adult progenitor cells can suppress graft-versus-host disease via prostaglandin E2 synthesis and only if localized to sites of allopriming. Blood 2009; 114:693-701. [PMID: 19458354 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-03-213850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) are nonhematopoietic stem cells capable of giving rise to a broad range of tissue cells. As such, MAPCs hold promise for tissue injury repair after transplant. In vitro, MAPCs potently suppressed allogeneic T-cell activation and proliferation in a dose-dependent, cell contact-independent, and T-regulatory cell-independent manner. Suppression occurred primarily through prostaglandin E(2) synthesis in MAPCs, which resulted in decreased proinflammatory cytokine production. When given systemically, MAPCs did not home to sites of allopriming and did not suppress graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). To ensure that MAPCs would colocalize with donor T cells, MAPCs were injected directly into the spleen at bone marrow transplantation. MAPCs limited donor T-cell proliferation and GVHD-induced injury via prostaglandin E(2) synthesis in vivo. Moreover, MAPCs altered the balance away from positive and toward inhibitory costimulatory pathway expression in splenic T cells and antigen-presenting cells. These findings are the first to describe the immunosuppressive capacity and mechanism of MAPC-induced suppression of T-cell alloresponses and illustrate the requirement for MAPC colocalization to sites of initial donor T-cell activation for GVHD inhibition. Such data have implications for the use of allogeneic MAPCs and possibly other immunomodulatory nonhematopoietic stem cells for preventing GVHD in the clinic.
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Mayorga M, Finan A, Penn M. Pre-transplantation specification of stem cells to cardiac lineage for regeneration of cardiac tissue. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2009; 5:51-60. [PMID: 19184567 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-009-9050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a lead cause of mortality in the Western world. Treatment of acute MI is focused on restoration of antegrade flow which inhibits further tissue loss, but does not restore function to damaged tissue. Chronic therapy for injured myocardial tissue involves medical therapy that attempts to minimize pathologic remodeling of the heart. End stage therapy for chronic heart failure (CHF) involves inotropic therapy to increase surviving cardiac myocyte function or mechanical augmentation of cardiac performance. Not until the point of heart transplantation, a limited resource at best, does therapy focus on the fundamental problem of needing to replace injured tissue with new contractile tissue. In this setting, the potential for stem cell therapy has garnered significant interest for its potential to regenerate or create new contractile cardiac tissue. While to date adult stem cell therapy in clinical trials has suggested potential benefit, there is waning belief that the approaches used to date lead to regeneration of cardiac tissue. As the literature has better defined the pathways involved in cardiac differentiation, preclinical studies have suggested that stem cell pretreatment to direct stem cell differentiation prior to stem cell transplantation may be a more efficacious strategy for inducing cardiac regeneration. Here we review the available literature on pre-transplantation conditioning of stem cells in an attempt to better understand stem cell behavior and their readiness in cell-based therapy for myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Mayorga
- Skirball Laboratory for Cardiovascular Cellular Therapeutics, Center for Cardiovascular Cell Therapy, Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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35
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Geraerts M, Verfaillie CM. Adult stem and progenitor cells. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 114:1-21. [PMID: 19373451 DOI: 10.1007/10_2008_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of adult stem cells in most adult tissues is the basis of a number of clinical studies that are carried out, with therapeutic use of hematopoietic stem cells as a prime example. Intense scientific debate is still ongoing as to whether adult stem cells may have a greater plasticity than previously thought. Although cells with some features of embryonic stem cells that, among others, express Oct4, Nanog and SSEA1 are isolated from fresh tissue, it is not clear if the greater differentiation potential is acquired during cell culture. Moreover, adult more pluripotent cells do not have all pluripotent characteristics typical for embryonic stem cells. Recently, some elegant studies were published in which adult cells could be completely reprogrammed to embryonic stem cell-like cells by overexpression of some key transcription factors for pluripotency (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc). It will be interesting for the future to investigate the exact mechanisms underlying this reprogramming and whether similar transcription factor pathways are present and/or can be activated in adult more pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Geraerts
- Interdepartementaal Stamcelinstituut Leuven (SCIL), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 804, 3000, Leuven, Belgium,
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Role of paracrine factors in stem and progenitor cell mediated cardiac repair and tissue fibrosis. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2008; 1:4. [PMID: 19014650 PMCID: PMC2584012 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-1-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new era has begun in the treatment of ischemic disease and heart failure. With the discovery that stem cells from diverse organs and tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, and vessel wall, have the potential to improve cardiac function beyond that of conventional pharmacological therapy comes a new field of research aiming at understanding the precise mechanisms of stem cell-mediated cardiac repair. Not only will it be important to determine the most efficacious cell population for cardiac repair, but also whether overlapping, common mechanisms exist. Increasing evidence suggests that one mechanism of action by which cells provide tissue protection and repair may involve paracrine factors, including cytokines and growth factors, released from transplanted stem cells into the surrounding tissue. These paracrine factors have the potential to directly modify the healing process in the heart, including neovascularization, cardiac myocyte apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis, contractility, bioenergetics, and endogenous repair.
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Liu Z, Lei M, Jiang Y, Hao H, Chu L, Xu J, Luo M, Verfaillie CM, Zweier JL, Liu Z. High glucose attenuates VEGF expression in rat multipotent adult progenitor cells in association with inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 13:3427-36. [PMID: 18798867 PMCID: PMC4516498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effect of high glucose (HG) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in bone marrow stem cells and JAK2/STAT-3 signalling. Adult rat bone marrow multipotent progenitor cells (rMAPCs) were cultured to evaluate VEGF expression (both mRNA and protein) with or without exposure to HG for up to 48 hrs using RT-PCR and ELISA. JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation in rMAPCs was analysed by Western blotting. With cells in normal media, VEGF mRNA level after 24 hrs of culture was significantly increased by 15 times over baseline (day 0) with detectable level of VEGF protein intracellularly using immunofluorescence staining. Although there was no measurable VEGF in the media after 24 hrs of culture, a significant amount of VEGF was detected in the media after 48 hrs of incubation. VEGF expression was associated with constitutive activation of JAK2 and STAT3 in rMAPCs. However, VEGF mRNA level was significantly reduced without detectable VEGF in the media when rMAPCs exposed to HG for 48 hrs. Tyrosine-phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 and nuclear translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 were significantly decreased in the cells exposed to HG for 48 hrs. When JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation was blocked by the selective inhibitor AG490, VEGF mRNA level was significantly decreased in rMAPCs in normal media by 80% with no detectable VEGF in the media. VEGF expression was significantly suppressed in rMAPCs cultured in HG media that was further reduced by AG490. VEGF expression in rMAPCs is impaired by HG possibly through inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Abstract
The potential usefulness of human embryonic stem cells for therapy derives from their ability to form any cell in the body. This potential has been used to justify intensive research despite some ethical concerns. In parallel, scientists have searched for adult stem cells that can be used as an alternative to embryonic cells, and, for the heart at least, these efforts have led to promising results. However, most adult cardiomyocytes are unable to divide and form new cardiomyocytes and would therefore be unable to replace those lost as a result of disease. Basic questions--for example, whether cardiomyocyte replacement or alternatives, such as providing the damaged heart with new blood vessels or growth factors to activate resident stem cells, are the best approach--remain to be fully addressed. Despite this, preclinical studies on cardiomyocyte transplantation in animals and the first clinical trials with adult stem cells have recently been published with mixed results.
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Phillips MI, Tang YL, Pinkernell K. Stem cell therapy for heart failure: the science and current progress. Future Cardiol 2008; 4:285-98. [DOI: 10.2217/14796678.4.3.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy, particularly with stem cells, has created great interest as a solution to the fact that there are limited treatments for postischemic heart disease and none that can regenerate damaged heart cells to strengthen cardiac performance. From the first efforts with myoblasts to recent clinical trials with bone marrow-derived stem cells, early reports of cell therapy suggest improvement in cardiac performance as well as other clinical end points. Based on these exciting but tentative results, other stem cell types are being explored for their particular advantages as a source of adult stem cells. Autologous adipose-derived stem cells are multilinear and can be obtained relatively easily in large quantities from patients; cardiac-derived stem cells are highly appropriate for engraftment in their natural niche, the heart. Human umbilical cord blood cells are potentially forever young and allogenic adult mesenchymal stem cells appear not to evoke the graft versus host reaction. Human embryonic stem cells are effective and can be scaled up for supply purposes. The recent discovery of induced pluripotentcy in human adult stem cells, with only three transcription factor genes, opens a whole new approach to making autologous human pluripotent stem cells from skin or other available tissues. Despite the excitement, stem cells may have to be genetically modified with heme oxygenase, Akt or other genes to survive transplantation in a hypoxic environment. Homing factors and hormones secreted from transplanted stem cells may be more important than cells if they provide the necessary stimulus to trigger cardiac regrowth to replace scar tissue. As we await results from larger and more prolonged clinical trials, the science of stem cell therapy in cardiac disease keeps progressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ian Phillips
- Keck Graduate Institute, Stem Cell Labs, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Yao Liang Tang
- Keck Graduate Institute, Stem Cell Labs, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Kai Pinkernell
- Cytori Therapeutics Inc., 3020 Callan Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Mazo M, Planat-Bénard V, Abizanda G, Pelacho B, Léobon B, Gavira JJ, Peñuelas I, Cemborain A, Pénicaud L, Laharrague P, Joffre C, Boisson M, Ecay M, Collantes M, Barba J, Casteilla L, Prósper F. Transplantation of adipose derived stromal cells is associated with functional improvement in a rat model of chronic myocardial infarction. Eur J Heart Fail 2008; 10:454-62. [PMID: 18436478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine the effect of transplantation of undifferentiated and cardiac pre-differentiated adipose stem cells compared with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) in a chronic model of myocardial infarction. METHODS Ninety-five Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left coronary artery ligation and after 1 month received by direct intramyocardial injection either adipose derived stem cells (ADSC), cardiomyogenic cells (AD-CMG) or BM-MNC from enhanced-Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) mice. The control group was treated with culture medium. Heart function was assessed by echocardiography and 18F-FDG microPET. Cell engraftment, differentiation, angiogenesis and fibrosis in the scar tissue were also evaluated by (immuno)histochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS One month after cell transplantation, ADSC induced a significant improvement in heart function (LVEF 46.3+/-9.6% versus 27.7+/-8% pre-transplant) and tissue viability (64.78+/-7.2% versus 55.89+/-6.3% pre-transplant). An increase in the degree of angiogenesis and a decrease in fibrosis were also detected. Although transplantation of AD-CMG or BM-MNC also had a positive, albeit smaller, effect on angiogenesis and fibrosis in the infarcted hearts, this benefit did not translate into a significant improvement in heart function or tissue viability. CONCLUSION These results indicate that transplantation of adipose derived cells in chronic infarct provides a superior benefit to cardiac pre-differentiated ADSC and BM-MNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mazo
- Hematology and Cell Therapy and Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Division of Cancer, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Pelacho B, Luttun A, Aranguren XL, Verfaillie CM, Prósper F. Therapeutic potential of adult progenitor cells in cardiovascular disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007; 7:1153-65. [PMID: 17696815 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.7.8.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for high morbidity/mortality rates worldwide. Advances in patient care have significantly reduced deaths from acute myocardial infarction. However, the cardiac remodeling processes induced after ischaemia are responsible for a worsening in the heart condition, which in many cases ends up in failure. In the last decade, a novel therapy based on stem cell transplantation is being intensively studied in animal models and some stem cell types (i.e., skeletal myoblasts and bone marrow-derived cells) are already being tested in clinical trials. A novel stem cell population isolated from the bone marrow, termed multipotent adult progenitor cells was characterised a few years ago by its ability to differentiate, at the single cell level, towards cells derived from the three embryonic germ layers. Later on, other pluripotent cell populations have been also derived from the bone marrow. In this overview, the authors outline different stem cell sources that have been tested for their cardiovascular potential and put the regenerative potential of multipotent adult progenitor cells in animal models of acute and chronic myocardial infarction into perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pelacho
- University of Navarra, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Clínica Universitaria and Division of Cancer, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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