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Faraldo MM, Romagnoli M, Wallon L, Dubus P, Deugnier MA, Fre S. Alpha-6 integrin deletion delays the formation of Brca1/p53-deficient basal-like breast tumors by restricting luminal progenitor cell expansion. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:91. [PMID: 38835038 PMCID: PMC11151721 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aberrant amplification of mammary luminal progenitors is at the origin of basal-like breast cancers associated with BRCA1 mutations. Integrins mediate cell-matrix adhesion and transmit mechanical and chemical signals that drive epithelial stem cell functions and regulate tumor progression, metastatic reactivation, and resistance to targeted therapies. Consistently, we have recently shown that laminin-binding integrins are essential for the expansion and differentiation of mammary luminal progenitors in physiological conditions. As over-expression of the laminin-binding α6 integrin (Itgα6) is associated with poor prognosis and reduced survival in breast cancer, we here investigate the role of Itgα6 in mammary tumorigenesis. METHODS We used Blg-Cre; Brca1F/F; Trp53F/F mice, a model that phenocopies human basal-like breast cancer with BRCA1 mutations. We generated mutant mice proficient or deficient in Itgα6 expression and followed tumor formation. Mammary tumors and pretumoral tissues were characterized by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, Western blotting and organoid cultures. Clonogenicity of luminal progenitors from preneoplastic glands was studied in 3D Matrigel cultures. RESULTS We show that Itga6 deletion favors activation of p16 cell cycle inhibitor in the preneoplastic tissue. Subsequently, the amplification of luminal progenitors, the cell of origin of Brca1-deficient tumors, is restrained in Itgα6-deficient gland. In addition, the partial EMT program operating in Brca1/p53-deficient epithelium is attenuated in the absence of Itgα6. As a consequence of these events, mammary tumor formation is delayed in Itgα6-deficient mice. After tumor formation, the lack of Itgα6 does not affect tumor growth but rather alters their differentiation, resulting in reduced expression of basal cell markers. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that Itgα6 has a pro-tumorigenic role in Blg-Cre; Brca1F/F; Trp53F/F mice developing basal-like mammary tumors. In particular, we reveal that Itgα6 is required for the luminal progenitor expansion and the aberrant partial EMT program that precedes the formation of BRCA1 deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M Faraldo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris, France.
| | - Mathilde Romagnoli
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Cancer, CNRS UMR144, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris, France
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, 91190, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Loane Wallon
- Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris, France
- Alacris Theranostics GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Dubus
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- BRIC U1312, INSERM, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, Université de Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Ange Deugnier
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Cancer, CNRS UMR144, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Fre
- Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris, France.
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Chen S, Long M, Li XY, Li QM, Pan LH, Luo JP, Zha XQ. Codonopsis lanceolata polysaccharide ameliorates high-fat diet induced-postpartum hypogalactia via stimulating prolactin receptor-mediated Jak2/Stat5 signaling. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129114. [PMID: 38181915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the ameliorative effect of Codonopsis lanceolata polysaccharide (PCL) on mice with hypogalatia induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and the potential underlying mechanism. We found that oral administration of PCL demonstrated significant benefits in countering the negative effects of HFD, including weight gain, hepatic steatosis, mesenteric adipocyte hypertrophy, and abnormal glucose/lipid metabolism. In addition, PCL improved mammary gland development and enhanced lactogenesis performance. Histologically, PCL ameliorated the retardation of ductal growth, reduced mammary fat pad thickness, improved the incomplete linear encapsulation of luminal epithelium and myoepithelium, and increased the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that PCL mitigated the detrimental effects of HFD on mammary gland development by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that PCL upregulated the levels of prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) in the mammary gland, activated JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway, and increased the expression of p63, ERBB4, and NRG1. Overall, PCL can ameliorate HFD-induced hypogalactia by activating PRLR-mediated JAK2/STAT5 signaling. Our findings offer a methodological and theoretical foundation for investigating the functional constituents of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of hypogalactia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Long
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ying Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Pan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
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Jena MK, Khan FB, Ali SA, Abdullah A, Sharma AK, Yadav V, Kancharla S, Kolli P, Mandadapu G, Sahoo AK, Rath PK, Taneera J, Kumar S, Mohanty AK, Goh KW, Ming LC, Ardianto C. Molecular complexity of mammary glands development: a review of lactogenic differentiation in epithelial cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:491-508. [PMID: 37694522 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2252872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The mammary gland is a dynamic organ with various physiological processes like cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis during the pregnancy-lactation-involution cycle. It is essential to understand the molecular changes during the lactogenic differentiation of mammary epithelial cells (MECs, the milk-synthesizing cells). The MECs are organized as luminal milk-secreting cells and basal myoepithelial cells (responsible for milk ejection by contraction) that form the alveoli. The branching morphogenesis and lactogenic differentiation of the MECs prepare the gland for lactation. This process is governed by many molecular mediators including hormones, growth factors, cytokines, miRNAs, regulatory proteins, etc. Interestingly, various signalling pathways guide lactation and understanding these molecular transitions from pregnancy to lactation will help researchers design further research. Manipulation of genes responsible for milk synthesis and secretion will promote augmentation of milk yield in dairy animals. Identifying protein signatures of lactation will help develop strategies for persistent lactation and shortening the dry period in farm animals. The present review article discusses in details the physiological and molecular changes occurring during lactogenic differentiation of MECs and the associated hormones, regulatory proteins, miRNAs, and signalling pathways. An in-depth knowledge of the molecular events will aid in developing engineered cellular models for studies related to mammary gland diseases of humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Abdullah Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - Amarish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Anjan Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prasana Kumar Rath
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Proteomics and Structural Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | | | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Chrismawan Ardianto
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Wang Z, Zhang L, Li B, Song J, Yu M, Zhang J, Chen C, Zhan J, Zhang H. Kindlin-2 in myoepithelium controls luminal progenitor commitment to alveoli in mouse mammary gland. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:675. [PMID: 37833248 PMCID: PMC10576046 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Myoepithelium plays an important role in mammary gland development, but less is known about the molecular mechanism underlying how myoepithelium controls acinus differentiation during gestation. Herein, we found that loss of Kindlin-2 in myoepithelial cells impaired mammary morphogenesis, alveologenesis, and lactation. Using five genetically modified mouse lines combined with single-cell RNA sequencing, we found a Kindlin-2-Stat3-Dll1 signaling cascade in myoepithelial cells that inactivates Notch signaling in luminal cells and consequently drives luminal progenitor commitment to alveolar cells identity. Single-cell profiling revealed that Kindlin-2 loss significantly reduces the proportion of matured alveolar cells. Mechanistically, Kindlin-2 depletion in myoepithelial cells promotes Stat3 activation and upregulates Dll1, which activates the Notch pathway in luminal cells and inhibits luminal progenitor differentiation and maturation during gestation. Inhibition of Notch1 with tangeretin allowed luminal progenitors to regain commitment ability in the pregnant mice with Kindlin-2 depletion in myoepithelium. Taken together, we demonstrated that Kindlin-2 is essential to myoepithelium-controlled luminal progenitors to alveoli transition during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Wang
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University International Cancer Institute; MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University International Cancer Institute; MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Li
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University International Cancer Institute; MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Jiagui Song
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University International Cancer Institute; MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University International Cancer Institute; MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University International Cancer Institute; MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
| | - Jun Zhan
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University International Cancer Institute; MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University International Cancer Institute; MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.
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5
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Fan Y, Jin L, He Z, Wei T, Luo T, Zhang J, Liu C, Dai C, A C, Liang Y, Tao X, Lv X, Gu Y, Li M. A cell transcriptomic profile provides insights into adipocytes of porcine mammary gland across development. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:126. [PMID: 37805503 PMCID: PMC10560433 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying the composition and developmental mechanisms in mammary gland is crucial for healthy growth of newborns. The mammary gland is inherently heterogeneous, and its physiological function dependents on the gene expression of multiple cell types. Most studies focused on epithelial cells, disregarding the role of neighboring adipocytes. RESULTS Here, we constructed the largest transcriptomic dataset of porcine mammary gland cells thus far. The dataset captured 126,829 high-quality nuclei from physiological mammary glands across five developmental stages (d 90 of gestation, G90; d 0 after lactation, L0; d 20 after lactation, L20; 2 d post natural involution, PI2; 7 d post natural involution, PI7). Seven cell types were identified, including epithelial cells, adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts cells, immune cells, myoepithelial cells and precursor cells. Our data indicate that mammary glands at different developmental stages have distinct phenotypic and transcriptional signatures. During late gestation (G90), the differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes were inhibited. Meanwhile, partly epithelial cells were completely differentiated. Pseudo-time analysis showed that epithelial cells undergo three stages to achieve lactation, including cellular differentiation, hormone sensing, and metabolic activation. During lactation (L0 and L20), adipocytes area accounts for less than 0.5% of mammary glands. To maintain their own survival, the adipocyte exhibited a poorly differentiated state and a proliferative capacity. Epithelial cells initiate lactation upon hormonal stimulation. After fulfilling lactation mission, their undergo physiological death under high intensity lactation. Interestingly, the physiological dead cells seem to be actively cleared by immune cells via CCL21-ACKR4 pathway. This biological process may be an important mechanism for maintaining homeostasis of the mammary gland. During natural involution (PI2 and PI7), epithelial cell populations dedifferentiate into mesenchymal stem cells to maintain the lactation potential of mammary glands for the next lactation cycle. CONCLUSION The molecular mechanisms of dedifferentiation, proliferation and redifferentiation of adipocytes and epithelial cells were revealed from late pregnancy to natural involution. This cell transcriptomic profile constitutes an essential reference for future studies in the development and remodeling of the mammary gland at different stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Long Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Zhiping He
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Tiantian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Tingting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Jiaman Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Can Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Changjiu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Chao A
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yan Liang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Xuan Tao
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Xuebin Lv
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Yiren Gu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
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Morato A, Accornero P, Hovey RC. ERBB Receptors and Their Ligands in the Developing Mammary Glands of Different Species: Fifteen Characters in Search of an Author. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2023; 28:10. [PMID: 37219601 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ERBB tyrosine kinase receptors and their ligands belong to a complex family that has diverse biological effects and expression profiles in the developing mammary glands, where its members play an essential role in translating hormone signals into local effects. While our understanding of these processes stems mostly from mouse models, there is the potential for differences in how this family functions in the mammary glands of other species, particularly in light of their unique histomorphological features. Herein we review the postnatal distribution and function of ERBB receptors and their ligands in the mammary glands of rodents and humans, as well as for livestock and companion animals. Our analysis highlights the diverse biology for this family and its members across species, the regulation of their expression, and how their roles and functions might be modulated by varying stromal composition and hormone interactions. Given that ERBB receptors and their ligands have the potential to influence processes ranging from normal mammary development to diseased states such as cancer and/or mastitis, both in human and veterinary medicine, a more complete understanding of their biological functions should help to direct future research and the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Morato
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Paolo Accornero
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, TO, 10095, Italy
| | - Russell C Hovey
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Gao Z, Shao D, Zhao C, Liu H, Zhao X, Wei Q, Ma B. The High Level of RANKL Improves IκB/p65/Cyclin D1 Expression and Decreases p-Stat5 Expression in Firm Udder of Dairy Goats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108841. [PMID: 37240191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Udder traits, influencing udder health and function, are positively correlated with lactation performance. Among them, breast texture influences heritability and impacts on the milk yield of cattle; however, there is a lack of systematic research on its underlying mechanism in dairy goats in particular. Here, we showed the structure of firm udders with developed connective tissue and smaller acini per lobule during lactation and confirmed that there were lower serum levels of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (PROG), and higher mammary expression of estrogen nuclear receptor (ER) α and progesterone receptor (PR), in dairy goats with firm udders. The results of transcriptome sequencing of the mammary gland revealed that the downstream pathway of PR, the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) signal, participated in the formation of firm mammary glands. During the culture of goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs), high RANKL level additions promote the Inhibitor kappaB (IκB)/p65/Cyclin D1 expression related to cell proliferation and decrease the phosphorylated signal transduction and transcription activator 5 (Stat5) expression related to milk-protein synthesis of GMECs, which is consistent with electron microscope results showing that there are fewer lactoprotein particles in the acinar cavity of a firm mammary. Furthermore, co-culturing with adipocyte-like cells for 7 d is beneficial for the acinar structure formation of GMECs, while there is a slightly negative effect of high RANKL level on it. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed the structure of firm udders structure and confirmed the serum hormone levels and their receptor expression in the mammary glands of dairy goats with firm udders. The underlying mechanism leading to firm udders and a decrease in milk yield were explored preliminarily, which provided an important foundation for the prevention and amelioration of firm udders and improving udder health and milk yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Dan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Chunrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiaoe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
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8
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Wang S, Zhang L, Xuan R, Li Q, Ji Z, Chao T, Wang J, Zhang C. Identification and functional analysis of m6A in the mammary gland tissues of dairy goats at the early and peak lactation stages. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:945202. [PMID: 36330333 PMCID: PMC9623301 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.945202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common reversible epigenetic RNA modification in the mRNA of all higher eukaryotic organisms and plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression and cell function. In this study, m6A-modified methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) were used to identify the key genes with m6A modification during mammary gland development and lactation in dairy goats. The results showed that m6A methylation occurred at 3,927 loci, which were significantly enriched in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) and the termination codon region. In the early stage and peak stage of lactation, m6A methylation occurred extensively in mammary tissues, and a total of 725 differentially expressed m6A-modified genes were obtained, all negatively correlated with mRNA expression. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that different methylated genes were mainly involved in the growth and apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells through signaling pathways, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phospholipase D pathways, and then affected the development and lactation of mammary gland. All in all, we identified and analyzed the methylation events related to the development and lactation regulation of mammary gland at the early and peak lactation stages, and provided a theoretical basis to reveal the physiological regulatory system of mammary gland development and lactation in dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Rong Xuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhibin Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Zhibin Ji,
| | - Tianle Chao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chunlan Zhang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, China
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Crobeddu B, Jutras-Carignan A, Kolasa É, Mounier C, Robaire B, Plante I. Gestational and lactational exposure to the emergent alternative plasticizer 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) impairs lipid metabolism to a greater extent than the commonly used Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the adult rat mammary gland. Toxicol Sci 2022; 189:268-286. [PMID: 35861430 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their endocrine disruption properties, phthalate plasticizers such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) can affect the hormone-dependent development of the mammary gland. Over the past few years, DEHP has been partially replaced by 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) which also have potential endocrine disrupting properties. The goal of the present study is to understand the impact of a gestational and lactational exposure to DEHP and DINCH on mammary gland development using Sprague-Dawley rats. Both plasticizers altered the adipocytes of the mammary gland fat pad of adult progeny, as demonstrated by a decrease in their size, folding of their membrane and modulations of the lipid profiles. DEHP treatments decreased the expression of Rxrα and Scd1 at the low and high dose, respectively, but did not affect any of the other genes studied. DINCH modulation of lipid metabolism could be observed at puberty by a decreased expression of genes implicated in triglyceride synthesis, lipid transport and lipolysis, but by an increased expression of genes of the β-oxidation pathway and of genes involved in lipid storage and fatty acid synthesis at adulthood, compared to control and DEHP-treated rats. A strong upregulation of different inflammatory markers was observed following DINCH exposure only. Together, our results indicate that a gestational and lactational exposure to DINCH has earlier and more significant effects on lipid homeostasis, adipogenesis and the inflammatory state of the adult mammary gland than DEHP exposure. The long-term consequence of these effects on mammary gland health remained to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bélinda Crobeddu
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Antoine Jutras-Carignan
- Laboratoire du métabolisme des lipides, CERMO-FC, Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Élise Kolasa
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Catherine Mounier
- Laboratoire du métabolisme des lipides, CERMO-FC, Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Isabelle Plante
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
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10
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Steiner BM, Berry DC. The Regulation of Adipose Tissue Health by Estrogens. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:889923. [PMID: 35721736 PMCID: PMC9204494 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.889923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its' associated metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders are significant health problems confronting many countries. A major driver for developing obesity and metabolic dysfunction is the uncontrolled expansion of white adipose tissue (WAT). Specifically, the pathophysiological expansion of visceral WAT is often associated with metabolic dysfunction due to changes in adipokine secretion profiles, reduced vascularization, increased fibrosis, and enrichment of pro-inflammatory immune cells. A critical determinate of body fat distribution and WAT health is the sex steroid estrogen. The bioavailability of estrogen appears to favor metabolically healthy subcutaneous fat over visceral fat growth while protecting against changes in metabolic dysfunction. Our review will focus on the role of estrogen on body fat partitioning, WAT homeostasis, adipogenesis, adipocyte progenitor cell (APC) function, and thermogenesis to control WAT health and systemic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel C. Berry
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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11
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Cohick WS. The role of the IGF system in mammary physiology of ruminants. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 79:106709. [PMID: 35078102 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The IGF system plays a central role in all stages of mammary development, lactation and involution. IGFs exert their effects on the mammary gland through both endocrine and paracrine/autocrine mechanisms and the importance of circulating versus local IGF action remains an open question, especially in ruminants. At the whole organ level, a critical role for IGFs in ductal morphogenesis and lobuloalveolar development has been established, while at the cellular level the ability of IGFs to stimulate cell proliferation and control cell survival contributes to the number of milk-secreting cells in the gland. Much of this work has been conducted in rodents which provide an affordable research model and allow for genetic manipulation of specific components of the IGF system. Research into the role of the IGF system in dairy cows has generally supported information obtained with rodents though large gaps in our knowledge remain and species differences are not well defined. Examples include whether exogenous somatotropin exerts its effects on the mammary gland through local IGF-1 synthesis which is accepted dogma in rodents, what the role of IGF-1 versus IGF-2 is in the mammary gland, and how the IGFBPs regulate IGF bioactivity. This last area is particularly under-investigated in ruminants both at the whole animal and the cellular and molecular levels. Given that the IGF system may underlie many management practices that could contribute to enhancing productive efficiency of lactation, more research into the basic biology of this important system is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendie S Cohick
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Animal Science, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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12
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Plante I, Winn LM, Vaillancourt C, Grigorova P, Parent L. Killing two birds with one stone: Pregnancy is a sensitive window for endocrine effects on both the mother and the fetus. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112435. [PMID: 34843719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a complex process requiring tremendous physiological changes in the mother in order to fulfill the needs of the growing fetus, and to give birth, expel the placenta and nurse the newborn. These physiological modifications are accompanied with psychological changes, as well as with variations in habits and behaviors. As a result, this period of life is considered as a sensitive window as impaired functional and physiological changes in the mother can have short- and long-term impacts on her health. In addition, dysregulation of the placenta and of mechanisms governing placentation have been linked to chronic diseases later-on in life for the fetus, in a concept known as the Developmental Origin of Health and Diseases (DOHaD). This concept stipulates that any change in the environment during the pre-conception and perinatal (in utero life and neonatal) period to puberty, can be "imprinted" in the organism, thereby impacting the health and risk of chronic diseases later in life. Pregnancy is a succession of events that is regulated, in large part, by hormones and growth factors. Therefore, small changes in hormonal balance can have important effects on both the mother and the developing fetus. An increasing number of studies demonstrate that exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) affect both the mother and the fetus giving rise to growing concerns surrounding these exposures. This review will give an overview of changes that happen during pregnancy with respect to the mother, the placenta, and the fetus, and of the current literature regarding the effects of EDCs during this specific sensitive window of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Plante
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada.
| | - Louise M Winn
- Queen's University, School of Environmental Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Petya Grigorova
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TELUQ, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lise Parent
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TELUQ, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Dynamic miRNA Landscape Links Mammary Gland Development to the Regulation of Milk Protein Expression in Mice. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060727. [PMID: 35327124 PMCID: PMC8944794 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Milk synthesis is vital for maintaining the normal growth of newborn animals. Abnormal mammary gland development leads to a decrease in female productivity and the overall productivity of animal husbandry. This study characterized the dynamic miRNA expression profile during the process of mammary gland development, and identified a novel miRNA regulating expression of β-casein—an important milk protein. The results are valuable for studying mammary gland development, increasing milk production, improving the survival rate of pups, and promoting the development of animal husbandry. Abstract Mammary gland morphology varies considerably between pregnancy and lactation status, e.g., virgin to pregnant and lactation to weaning. Throughout these critical developmental phases, the mammary glands undergo remodeling to accommodate changes in milk production capacity, which is positively correlated with milk protein expression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in female ICR mice’s mammary glands at the virgin stage (V), day 16 of pregnancy (P16d), day 12 of lactation (L12d), day 1 of forced weaning (FW1d), and day 3 of forced weaning (FW3d), and to identify the miRNAs regulating milk protein gene expression. During the five stages of testing, 852 known miRNAs and 179 novel miRNAs were identified in the mammary glands. Based on their expression patterns, the identified miRNAs were grouped into 12 clusters. The expression pattern of cluster 1 miRNAs was opposite to that of milk protein genes in mammary glands in all five different stages. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that the predicted target genes of cluster 1 miRNAs were related to murine mammary gland development and lactation. Furthermore, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed that the novel-mmu-miR424-5p, which belongs to the cluster 1 miRNAs, was expressed in murine mammary epithelial cells. The dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that an important milk protein gene—β-casein (CSN2)—was regarded as one of the likely targets for the novel-mmu-miR424-5p. This study analyzed the expression patterns of miRNAs in murine mammary glands throughout five critical developmental stages, and discovered a novel miRNA involved in regulating the expression of CSN2. These findings contribute to an enhanced understanding of the developmental biology of mammary glands, providing guidelines for increasing lactation efficiency and milk quality.
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14
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Ma R, Gong D, You H, Xu C, Lu Y, Bergers G, Werb Z, Klein OD, Petritsch CK, Lu P. LGL1 binds to Integrin β1 and inhibits downstream signaling to promote epithelial branching in the mammary gland. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110375. [PMID: 35172155 PMCID: PMC9113222 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis is a fundamental process by which organs in invertebrates and vertebrates form branches to expand their surface areas. The current dogma holds that directional cell migration determines where a new branch forms and thus patterns branching. Here, we asked whether mouse Lgl1, a homolog of the Drosophila tumor suppressor Lgl, regulates epithelial polarity in the mammary gland. Surprisingly, mammary glands lacking Lgl1 have normal epithelial polarity, but they form fewer branches. Moreover, we find that Lgl1 null epithelium is unable to directionally migrate, suggesting that migration is not essential for mammary epithelial branching as expected. We show that LGL1 binds to Integrin β1 and inhibits its downstream signaling, and Integrin β1 overexpression blocks epithelial migration, thus recapitulating the Lgl1 null phenotype. Altogether, we demonstrate that Lgl1 modulation of Integrin β1 signaling is essential for directional migration and that epithelial branching in invertebrates and the mammary gland is fundamentally distinct. Ma et al. show that Lgl1 is essential for mammary gland branching morphogenesis but not epithelial polarity. Lgl1 is required for directional migration by regulating Integrin β1 signaling levels and focal adhesion strengths. Finally, branching mechanisms are distinct between mammary gland and Drosophila systems where directional migration is indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongze Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Difei Gong
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huanyang You
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chongshen Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yunzhe Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy and Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Box 0422, 513 Parnassus Avenue, HSE1508, San Francisco, CA 94143-0422, USA
| | - Claudia K Petritsch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pengfei Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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15
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Francavilla C, O'Brien CS. Fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling dysregulation and targeting in breast cancer. Open Biol 2022; 12:210373. [PMID: 35193394 PMCID: PMC8864352 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) signalling plays a critical role in breast embryonal development, tissue homeostasis, tumorigenesis and metastasis. FGFR, its numerous FGF ligands and signalling partners are often dysregulated in breast cancer progression and are one of the causes of resistance to treatment in breast cancer. Furthermore, FGFR signalling on epithelial cells is affected by signals from the breast microenvironment, therefore increasing the possibility of breast developmental abnormalities or cancer progression. Increasing our understanding of the multi-layered roles of the complex family of FGFRs, their ligands FGFs and their regulatory partners may offer novel treatment strategies for breast cancer patients, as a single agent or rational co-target, which will be explored in depth in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (FBMH), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- The Manchester Breast Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Ciara S. O'Brien
- The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 2BX, UK
- The Manchester Breast Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
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16
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Thyroid Diseases and Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020156. [PMID: 35207645 PMCID: PMC8876618 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies aimed at defining the association of thyroid diseases with extra-thyroidal malignancies (EM) have aroused considerable interest in the possibility of revealing common genetic and environmental factors underlying disease etiology and progression. Over the years, multiple lines of evidence indicated a significant relationship between thyroid carcinomas and other primary EM, especially breast cancer. For the latter, a prominent association was also found with benign thyroid diseases. In particular, a meta-analysis revealed an increased risk of breast cancer in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, and our recent work demonstrated that the odds ratio (OR) for breast cancer was raised in both thyroid autoantibody-positive and -negative patients. However, the OR was significantly lower for thyroid autoantibody-positive patients compared to the negative ones. This is in agreement with findings showing that the development of thyroid autoimmunity in cancer patients receiving immunotherapy is associated with better outcome and supports clinical evidence that breast cancer patients with thyroid autoimmunity have longer disease-free interval and overall survival. These results seem to suggest that factors other than oncologic treatments may play a role in the initiation and progression of a second primary malignancy. The molecular links between thyroid autoimmunity and breast cancer remain, however, unidentified, and different hypotheses have been proposed. Here, we will review the epidemiological, clinical, and experimental data relating thyroid diseases and breast cancer, as well as the possible hormonal and molecular mechanisms underlying such associations.
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17
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Lu Y, Zhou T, Xu C, Wang R, Feng D, Li J, Wang X, Kong Y, Hu G, Kong X, Lu P. Occludin is a target of Src kinase and promotes lipid secretion by binding to BTN1a1 and XOR. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001518. [PMID: 35041644 PMCID: PMC8797263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) have increasingly been recognized as an essential organelle for eukaryotes. Although the biochemistry of lipid synthesis and degradation is well characterized, the regulation of LD dynamics, including its formation, maintenance, and secretion, is poorly understood. Here, we report that mice lacking Occludin (Ocln) show defective lipid metabolism. We show that LDs were larger than normal along its biogenesis and secretion pathway in Ocln null mammary cells. This defect in LD size control did not result from abnormal lipid synthesis or degradation; rather, it was because of secretion failure during the lactation stage. We found that OCLN was located on the LD membrane and was bound to essential regulators of lipid secretion, including BTN1a1 and XOR, in a C-terminus–dependent manner. Finally, OCLN was a phosphorylation target of Src kinase, whose loss causes lactation failure. Together, we demonstrate that Ocln is a downstream target of Src kinase and promotes LD secretion by binding to BTN1a1 and XOR. Lipid droplets are an essential eukaryotic organelle, but how they are secreted has remained unclear. This study shows that the tight junction protein Occludin is a phosphorylation target of Src kinase; Occludin binds to BTN1A1 and XOR to facilitate lipid droplet secretion in mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhe Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chongshen Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Molecular Imaging Core Facility, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deyi Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyong Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Faraldo MM, Glukhova MA, Deugnier MA. Orthotopic Transplantation of Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2471:123-139. [PMID: 35175594 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2193-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The orthotopic transplantation assay has provided important insights into mammary development, stem cell function, and tumorigenesis. Technically, it consists in grafting mammary tissue fragments, organoids, mammospheres, or isolated cells into the fat pads of prepubertal mice from which the endogenous epithelium has been surgically removed, thereby allowing growth and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells in their physiological environment. Here, we describe how is conducted transplantation of epithelial fragments and cells isolated from mouse mammary glands, report the various approaches currently used to evaluate the regeneration and self-renewal properties of mammary stem cells, and highlight the strengths and limitations of this in vivo grafting assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M Faraldo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215/INSERM U934, Paris, France.
| | - Marina A Glukhova
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Paris, France
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19
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20
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Ruiz TFR, Colleta SJ, Zuccari DAPDC, Vilamaior PSL, Leonel ECR, Taboga SR. Hormone receptor expression in aging mammary tissue and carcinoma from a rodent model after xenoestrogen disruption. Life Sci 2021; 285:120010. [PMID: 34606849 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hormone receptors are the main markers applied for prognosis of breast cancer subtypes. Among modulators, exogenous chemical agents known as endocrine disruptors interact with certain receptors, triggering molecular pathways or increasing their expression. Bisphenol A (BPA), a xenoestrogen, interacts with several hormone receptors. Thus, our aim was to characterize the hormone receptor status in the mammary gland (MG) of aged female Mongolian gerbils exposed to BPA in pregnancy and lactation. METHODS We evaluated the expression of receptors for estrogens (ERα and ERβ), progesterone (PR), prolactin (PRL-R), HER2/ErbB2, and androgen (AR) in normal and hyperplastic mammary tissue and in carcinomas developed after BPA exposure. KEY FINDINGS BPA-exposed MG presented increased ERα, whereas ERβ, PR, and PRL-R showed lower expression. AR and HER2/ErbB2 showed similar expression in normal and hyperplastic tissue from control, vehicle, and BPA groups. Both receptors were found in cytoplasm and nucleus in BPA-induced carcinoma. We demonstrate the presence of EZH2 expression, an epigenetic and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker, with a high H-score in BPA-exposed MG, which was associated with poor prognosis of cancer. Co-localization of ERα and EZH2 was present in normal and carcinoma features, corroborating the installation of ERα-positive mammary cancer associated with the EMT process. Enhanced EZH2 in BPA-exposed mammary tissue could decrease ERβ expression and promote tumorigenesis progress through HER2/ErbB2. SIGNIFICANCE The present study proposes the Mongolian gerbil as an experimental model for mammary carcinogenesis studies, based on BPA disruption that triggers a phenotype of increased ERα/HER2 positivity and depletion of ERβ/PR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalles Fernando Rocha Ruiz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Simone Jacovaci Colleta
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Simone Leite Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB III), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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21
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Gallez A, Dias Da Silva I, Wuidar V, Foidart JM, Péqueux C. Estetrol and Mammary Gland: Friends or Foes? J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2021; 26:297-308. [PMID: 34463898 PMCID: PMC8566418 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-021-09497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens have pleiotropic effects on many reproductive and non-reproductive tissues and organs including the mammary gland, uterus, ovaries, vagina, and endothelium. Estrogen receptor α functions as the principal mediator of estrogenic action in most of these tissues. Estetrol (E4) is a native fetal estrogen with selective tissue actions that is currently approved for use as the estrogen component in a combined oral contraceptive and is being developed as a menopause hormone therapy (MHT, also known as hormone replacement therapy). However, exogenous hormonal treatments, in particular MHTs, have been shown to promote the growth of preexisting breast cancers and are associated with a variable risk of breast cancer depending on the treatment modality. Therefore, evaluating the safety of E4-based formulations on the breast forms a crucial part of the clinical development process. This review highlights preclinical and clinical studies that have assessed the effects of E4 and E4-progestogen combinations on the mammary gland and breast cancer, focusing in particular on the estrogenic and anti-estrogenic properties of E4. We discuss the potential advantages of E4 over current available estrogen-formulations as a contraceptive and for the treatment of symptoms due to menopause. We also consider the potential of E4 for the treatment of endocrine-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gallez
- Laboratory of Biology, Tumors and Development, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Dias Da Silva
- Laboratory of Biology, Tumors and Development, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Wuidar
- Laboratory of Biology, Tumors and Development, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Foidart
- Laboratory of Biology, Tumors and Development, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christel Péqueux
- Laboratory of Biology, Tumors and Development, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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22
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Chen W, Wei W, Yu L, Zhang X, Huang F, Zheng Q, Wang L, Cai C. Baicalin Promotes Mammary Gland Development via Steroid-Like Activities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682469. [PMID: 34295892 PMCID: PMC8290356 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalin, the main flavonoid component extracted from Scutellaria roots, has a variety of biological activities and is therefore used in the treatment of many kinds of diseases. However, whether baicalin affects the normal development of tissues and organs is still unclear. Here, using a mouse mammary gland model, we investigated the effects of baicalin on the expansion of mammary stem cells (MaSCs) and mammary development, as well as breast cancer progression. Interestingly, we found that baicalin administration significantly accelerates duct elongation at puberty, and promotes alveolar development and facilitates milk secretion during pregnancy. Furthermore, self-renewal of MaSCs was significantly promoted in the presence of baicalin. Moreover, in a tumor xenograft model, baicalin promoted tumor growth of the MDA-MB-231 cell line, but suppressed tumor growth of the ZR-751 cell line. Mechanistically, baicalin can induce expression of the protein C receptor, while inhibiting the expression of the estrogen receptor. Transcriptome analysis revealed that baicalin is involved in signaling pathways related to mammary gland development, immune response, and cell cycle control. Taken together, our results from comprehensive investigation of the biological activity of baicalin provide a theoretical basis for its rational clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liya Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fujing Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiping Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Shenzhen Academy of Peptide Targeting Technology at Pingshan, Shenzhen Tyercan Bio-pharm Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheguo Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Dongguan and Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Cooperative Academy of Mathematical Engineering for Chinese Medicine, Dongguan City, China.,Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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23
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Vandenberg LN. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and the mammary gland. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:237-277. [PMID: 34452688 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of the mammary gland requires coordination of hormone signaling pathways including those mediated by estrogen, progesterone, androgen and prolactin receptors. These hormones play important roles at several distinct stages of life including embryonic/fetal development, puberty, pregnancy, lactation, and old age. This also makes the gland sensitive to perturbations from environmental agents including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Although there is evidence from human populations of associations between EDCs and disruptions to breast development and lactation, these studies are often complicated by the timing of exposure assessments and the latency to develop breast diseases (e.g., years to decades). Rodents have been instrumental in providing insights-not only to the basic biology and endocrinology of the mammary gland, but to the effects of EDCs on this tissue at different stages of development. Studies, mostly but not exclusively, of estrogenic EDCs have shown that the mammary gland is a sensitive tissue, that exposures during perinatal development can produce abnormal mammary structures (e.g., alveolar buds, typically seen in pregnant females) in adulthood; that exposures during pregnancy can alter milk production; and that EDC exposures can enhance the response of the mammary tissue to hormones and chemical carcinogens. Other studies of persistent organic pollutants have shown that EDC exposures during critical windows of development can delay development of the gland, with lifelong consequences for the individual. Collectively, this work continues to support the conclusion that EDCs can harm the mammary gland, with effects that depend on the period of exposure and the period of evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States.
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24
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Rusidzé M, Adlanmérini M, Chantalat E, Raymond-Letron I, Cayre S, Arnal JF, Deugnier MA, Lenfant F. Estrogen receptor-α signaling in post-natal mammary development and breast cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5681-5705. [PMID: 34156490 PMCID: PMC8316234 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
17β-estradiol controls post-natal mammary gland development and exerts its effects through Estrogen Receptor ERα, a member of the nuclear receptor family. ERα is also critical for breast cancer progression and remains a central therapeutic target for hormone-dependent breast cancers. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the complex ERα signaling pathways that involve either classical nuclear “genomic” or membrane “non-genomic” actions and regulate in concert with other hormones the different stages of mammary development. We describe the cellular and molecular features of the luminal cell lineage expressing ERα and provide an overview of the transgenic mouse models impacting ERα signaling, highlighting the pivotal role of ERα in mammary gland morphogenesis and function and its implication in the tumorigenic processes. Finally, we describe the main features of the ERα-positive luminal breast cancers and their modeling in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Rusidzé
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Adlanmérini
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Chantalat
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - I Raymond-Letron
- LabHPEC et Institut RESTORE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS U-5070, EFS, ENVT, Inserm U1301, Toulouse, France
| | - Surya Cayre
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Ange Deugnier
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France.
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25
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Ludwik KA, Sandusky ZM, Stauffer KM, Li Y, Boyd KL, O'Doherty GA, Stricker TP, Lannigan DA. RSK2 Maintains Adult Estrogen Homeostasis by Inhibiting ERK1/2-Mediated Degradation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107931. [PMID: 32697984 PMCID: PMC7465694 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to estrogens, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), a critical regulator of homeostasis, is degraded through the 26S proteasome. However, despite the continued presence of estrogen before menopause, ERα protein levels are maintained. We discovered that ERK1/2-RSK2 activity oscillates during the estrous cycle. In response to high estrogen levels, ERK1/2 is activated and phosphorylates ERα to drive ERα degradation and estrogen-responsive gene expression. Reduction of estrogen levels results in ERK1/2 deactivation. RSK2 maintains redox homeostasis, which prevents sustained ERK1/2 activation. In juveniles, ERK1/2-RSK2 activity is not required. Mammary gland regeneration demonstrates that ERK1/2-RSK2 regulation of ERα is intrinsic to the epithelium. Reduced RSK2 and enrichment in an estrogen-regulated gene signature occur in individuals taking oral contraceptives. RSK2 loss enhances DNA damage, which may account for the elevated breast cancer risk with the use of exogenous estrogens. These findings implicate RSK2 as a critical component for the preservation of estrogen homeostasis. Ludwik et al. find that ERK1/2-RSK2 activity oscillates with each reproductive cycle. The estrogen surge activates ERK1/2, which phosphorylates estrogen receptor alpha to drive estrogen responsiveness. Active RSK2 acts as a brake on the estrogen response by maintaining redox homeostasis. Oral contraceptive use correlates with disruption of ERK1/2-RSK2 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Ludwik
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zachary M Sandusky
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kimberly M Stauffer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - George A O'Doherty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas P Stricker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Deborah A Lannigan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Wnt signaling is an important morphogenetic signaling pathway best known for its essential role in determining embryonic cell fates; it is often activated to re-specify fetal cells or to maintain the lineage flexibility of somatic stem cells. In this review, we consider the role of this pathway in the remarkable process of differentiation, growth and morphogenesis of the mammary gland during embryogenesis, ductal outgrowth and pregnancy. Specifically, mammary stem cells are compared with stem cells from other tissues, to identify commonalities and differences. Wnt signaling is known to be required to maintain the bipotent basal stem cell present in adult mammary ductal trees, however, the absence of this stem cell has little effect on growth or morphogenesis, and Wnt signaling is not induced during the ductal/alveolar expansion during pregnancy. The evidence for pre-determined hierarchies of mammary epithelial cells is reviewed, together with the role of signaling between mixtures of specified mammary epithelial cells in the maintenance of Wnt-dependent clonagenic stem cells. The dazzling variety of Wnt signaling components expressed by mammary epithelial cells is presented, along with some potential stromal sources of Wnt proteins that may be important starting points for the induction of plasticity in the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Alexander
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.
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27
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García Solá ME, Stedile M, Beckerman I, Kordon EC. An Integrative Single-cell Transcriptomic Atlas of the Post-natal Mouse Mammary Gland Allows Discovery of New Developmental Trajectories in the Luminal Compartment. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2021; 26:29-42. [PMID: 33913090 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-021-09488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland is a highly dynamic organ which undergoes periods of expansion, differentiation and cell death in each reproductive cycle. Partly because of the dynamic nature of the gland, mammary epithelial cells (MECs) are extraordinarily heterogeneous. Single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) analyses have contributed to understand the cellular and transcriptional heterogeneity of this complex tissue. Here, we integrate scRNA-seq data from three foundational reports that have explored the mammary gland cell populations throughout development at single-cell level using 10× Chromium Drop-Seq. We center our analysis on post-natal development of the mammary gland, from puberty to post-involution. The new integrated study corresponds to RNA sequences from 53,686 individual cells, which greatly outnumbers the three initial data sets. The large volume of information provides new insights, as a better resolution of the previously detected Procr+ stem-like cell subpopulation or the identification of a novel group of MECs expressing immune-like markers. Moreover, here we present new pseudo-temporal trajectories of MEC populations at two resolution levels, that is either considering all mammary cell subtypes or focusing specifically on the luminal lineages. Interestingly, the luminal-restricted analysis reveals distinct expression patterns of various genes that encode milk proteins, suggesting specific and non-redundant roles for each of them. In summary, our data show that the application of bioinformatic tools to integrate multiple scRNA-seq data-sets helps to describe and interpret the high level of plasticity involved in gene expression regulation throughout mammary gland post-natal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín E García Solá
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE), CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Micaela Stedile
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE), CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Inés Beckerman
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE), CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edith C Kordon
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE), CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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28
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Gouesse RJ, Dianati E, McDermott A, Wade MG, Hales B, Robaire B, Plante I. In Utero and Lactational Exposure to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Brominated Flame Retardants Induces a Premature Development of the Mammary Glands. Toxicol Sci 2021; 179:206-219. [PMID: 33252648 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero and prepubertal development of the mammary glands occurs minimally in a hormone independent manner until puberty where maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis drives an extensive remodeling. Nevertheless, because the immature glands contain functional hormone receptors, they are especially vulnerable to the effects of endocrine disruptors, such as brominated flame retardants (BFRs). BFRs are widespread chemicals added to household objects to reduce their flammability, and to which humans are ubiquitously exposed. We previously reported that in utero and lactational exposure to BFRs resulted in an impaired mammary gland development in peripubertal animals. Here, we assessed whether BFR-induced disruption of mammary gland development could manifest earlier in life. Dams were exposed prior to mating until pups' weaning to a BFR mixture (0, 0.06, 20, or 60 mg/kg/day) formulated according to levels found in house dust. The mammary glands of female offspring were collected at weaning. Histo-morphological analyses showed that exposure to 0.06 mg/kg/day accelerates global epithelial development as demonstrated by a significant increase in total epithelial surface area, associated with a tendency to increase of the ductal area and thickness, and of lumen area. Significant increases of the Ki67 cell proliferation index and of the early apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-9 were also observed, as well as an upward trend in the number of thyroid hormone receptor α1 positive cells. These molecular, histologic, and morphometric changes are suggestive of accelerated pubertal development. Thus, our results suggest that exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of BFRs induces precocious development of the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Dianati
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Alec McDermott
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Health Canada, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Barbara Hales
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Isabelle Plante
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
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29
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Stewart TA, Hughes K, Stevenson AJ, Marino N, Ju AL, Morehead M, Davis FM. Mammary mechanobiology - investigating roles for mechanically activated ion channels in lactation and involution. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs248849. [PMID: 33262312 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of a mother to produce a nutritionally complete neonatal food source has provided a powerful evolutionary advantage to mammals. Milk production by mammary epithelial cells is adaptive, its release is exquisitely timed, and its own glandular stagnation with the permanent cessation of suckling triggers the cell death and tissue remodeling that enables female mammals to nurse successive progeny. Chemical and mechanical signals both play a role in this process. However, despite this duality of input, much remains unknown about the nature and function of mechanical forces in this organ. Here, we characterize the force landscape in the functionally mature gland and the capacity of luminal and basal cells to experience and exert force. We explore molecular instruments for force-sensing, in particular channel-mediated mechanotransduction, revealing increased expression of Piezo1 in mammary tissue in lactation and confirming functional expression in luminal cells. We also reveal, however, that lactation and involution proceed normally in mice with luminal-specific Piezo1 deletion. These findings support a multifaceted system of chemical and mechanical sensing in the mammary gland, and a protective redundancy that ensures continued lactational competence and offspring survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teneale A Stewart
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Alexander J Stevenson
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Natascia Marino
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
| | - Adler L Ju
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Michael Morehead
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506, USA
| | - Felicity M Davis
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
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30
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YAMAMOTO M, GOHDA J, AKIYAMA T, INOUE JI. TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) plays crucial roles in multiple biological systems through polyubiquitination-mediated NF-κB activation. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 97:145-160. [PMID: 33840674 PMCID: PMC8062261 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB was first identified in 1986 as a B cell-specific transcription factor inducing immunoglobulin κ light chain expression. Subsequent studies revealed that NF-κB plays important roles in development, organogenesis, immunity, inflammation, and neurological functions by spatiotemporally regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in several cell types. Furthermore, studies on the signal pathways that activate NF-κB led to the discovery of TRAF family proteins with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which function downstream of the receptor. This discovery led to the proposal of an entirely new signaling mechanism concept, wherein K63-ubiquitin chains act as a scaffold for the signaling complex to activate downstream kinases. This concept has revolutionized ubiquitin studies by revealing the importance of the nonproteolytic functions of ubiquitin not only in NF-κB signaling but also in a variety of other biological systems. TRAF6 is the most diverged among the TRAF family proteins, and our studies uncovered its notable physiological and pathological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki YAMAMOTO
- Research Center for Asian Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin GOHDA
- Research Center for Asian Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishin AKIYAMA
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro INOUE
- Research Platform Office, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Aging-Associated Alterations in Mammary Epithelia and Stroma Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108566. [PMID: 33378681 PMCID: PMC7898263 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is closely associated with increased susceptibility to breast cancer, yet there have been limited systematic studies of aging-induced alterations in the mammary gland. Here, we leverage high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing to generate a detailed transcriptomic atlas of young and aged murine mammary tissues. By analyzing epithelial, stromal, and immune cells, we identify age-dependent alterations in cell proportions and gene expression, providing evidence that suggests alveolar maturation and physiological decline. The analysis also uncovers potential pro-tumorigenic mechanisms coupled to the age-associated loss of tumor suppressor function and change in microenvironment. In addition, we identify a rare, age-dependent luminal population co-expressing hormone-sensing and secretory-alveolar lineage markers, as well as two macrophage populations expressing distinct gene signatures, underscoring the complex heterogeneity of the mammary epithelia and stroma. Collectively, this rich single-cell atlas reveals the effects of aging on mammary physiology and can serve as a useful resource for understanding aging-associated cancer risk. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, Li et al. compare mammary epithelia and stroma in young and aged mice. Age-dependent changes at cell and gene levels provide evidence suggesting alveolar maturation, functional deterioration, and potential pro-tumorigenic and inflammatory alterations. Additionally, identification of heterogeneous luminal and macrophage subpopulations underscores the complexity of mammary lineages.
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32
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Cayre S, Faraldo MM, Bardin S, Miserey-Lenkei S, Deugnier MA, Goud B. RAB6 GTPase regulates mammary secretory function by controlling the activation of STAT5. Development 2020; 147:dev.190744. [PMID: 32895290 PMCID: PMC7561474 DOI: 10.1242/dev.190744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi-associated RAB GTPases, RAB6A and RAB6A', regulate anterograde and retrograde transport pathways from and to the Golgi. In vitro, RAB6A/A' control several cellular functions including cell division, migration, adhesion and polarity. However, their role remains poorly described in vivo Here, we generated BlgCre; Rab6a F/F mice presenting a specific deletion of Rab6a in the mammary luminal secretory lineage during gestation and lactation. Rab6a loss severely impaired the differentiation, maturation and maintenance of the secretory tissue, compromising lactation. The mutant epithelium displayed a decreased activation of STAT5, a key regulator of the lactogenic process primarily governed by prolactin. Data obtained with a mammary epithelial cell line suggested that defective STAT5 activation might originate from a perturbed transport of the prolactin receptor, altering its membrane expression and signaling cascade. Despite the major functional defects observed upon Rab6a deletion, the polarized organization of the mammary epithelial bilayer was preserved. Altogether, our data reveal a crucial role for RAB6A/A' in the lactogenic function of the mammary gland and suggest that the trafficking pathways controlled by RAB6A/A' depend on cell-type specialization and tissue context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Cayre
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR144, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Marisa M Faraldo
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR144, Paris F-75005, France.,INSERM, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Sabine Bardin
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR144, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Stéphanie Miserey-Lenkei
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR144, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Marie-Ange Deugnier
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR144, Paris F-75005, France .,INSERM, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Bruno Goud
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR144, Paris F-75005, France
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33
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Corso MC, Cortasa SA, Schmidt AR, Proietto S, Inserra PIF, Fernández MO, Di Giorgio N, Lux-Lantos V, Vitullo AD, Dorfman VB, Halperin J. Mammary gland-specific regulation of GNRH and GNRH-receptor gene expression is likely part of a local autoregulatory system in female vizcachas (Rodentia: Chinchillidae). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 296:113518. [PMID: 32474048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In addition to key mammotrophic hormones such as the pituitary prolactin (PRL) and the ovarian steroids progesterone and estradiol, there are local factors that modulate the tissue dynamics of the mammary glands during pregnancy and lactation. By immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, we found local transcription and translation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH), GNRH receptor (GNRHR), PRL and PRL receptor (PRLR) in mammary glands of adult vizcachas during pregnancy and lactation. Both GNRH and GNRHR showed a lag between protein expression and gene transcription throughout the gestational period: while the highest transcription levels of these genes were recorded at early-pregnancy, the epithelial immunoexpressions of both showed their maximum during lactation. RIA results corroborated the presence of GNRH in mammary glands at all the analyzed stages and confirmed the maximum amount of this peptide in the lactating group. Significant amounts of GNRH were detected in milk samples as well. Conversely, PRL and PRLR shared similar protein and gene expression profiles, all exhibiting maximum values during lactation. GNRH peptide content in mammary glands of females with sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinemia (HP) was significantly lower than that of control females (CT). Although PRL mRNA levels remained unchanged, there was a marked increase in theα-lactalbumin (LALBA) transcription in mammary glands of HP- vs CT-females. These results suggest that after targeting mammary glands, PRL stimulates the expression of milk protein genes, but also, tempers the local expression of GNRH. Mammary gland-explantssupplemented with a GNRH analogue (GN-explants) had no differences in terms of PRLR orLALBA transcription levels compared to CT-explants, so the mammary PRLR signaling would not appear to be modulated by GNRH. Yet, mRNA expression levels of both GNRH and the GNRHR-downstream factor, EGR1, were significantly higher in GN-explants compared to that of CT which would point to a GNRH-positive feedback mechanism. In summary, the local coupled expression of GNRH, GNRHR and EGR1 in the mammary gland throughout pregnancy of vizcachas, the PRL-dependent mammary GNRH secretion as well as the GNRH positive feedback on its own transcription suggest an autocrine-paracrine regulatory mechanism and propose an active role for GNRH in mammary gland tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Clara Corso
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina(2); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Santiago Andrés Cortasa
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina(2); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Alejandro Raúl Schmidt
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina(2); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Sofía Proietto
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina(2); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Pablo Ignacio Felipe Inserra
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina(2); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Marina Olga Fernández
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME)-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Noelia Di Giorgio
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME)-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Victoria Lux-Lantos
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME)-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Alfredo Daniel Vitullo
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina(2); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Verónica Berta Dorfman
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina(2); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Julia Halperin
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina(2); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Kim G, Lee JG, Cheong SA, Yon JM, Lee MS, Hong EJ, Baek IJ. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 is required for mammary gland development†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:1249-1259. [PMID: 32915211 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological functions of progesterone (P4) in female reproductive organs including the mammary glands are mediated via the progesterone receptor (PR), but not all P4 functions can be explained by PR-mediated signaling. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), a potential mediator of P4 actions, plays an important role in the ovary and uterus in maintaining female fertility and pregnancy, but its function in mammary glands has not been elucidated. This study investigated the role of PGRMC1 in mouse mammary gland development. Unlike in the uterus, exogenous estrogen (E2) and/or P4 did not alter PGRMC1 expression in the mammary gland, and Pgrmc1-knockout (KO) mice displayed reduced ductal elongation and side branching in response to hormone treatment. During pregnancy, PGRMC1 was expressed within both the luminal and basal epithelium and gradually increased with gestation and decreased rapidly after parturition. Moreover, although lactogenic capacity was normal after parturition, Pgrmc1 KO resulted in defective mammary gland development from puberty until midpregnancy, while the expression of PR and its target genes was not significantly different between wild-type and Pgrmc1-KO mammary gland. These data suggest that PGRMC1 is essential for mammary gland development during puberty and pregnancy in a PR-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Globinna Kim
- ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Geol Lee
- ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-A Cheong
- ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Yon
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Sup Lee
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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35
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Zhang J, Ye J, Yuan C, Fu Q, Zhang F, Zhu X, Wang L, Gao P, Shu G, Wang S, Liu Q, Jiang Q. Hydrogen sulfide is a regulator of mammary gland development in prepubescent female mice. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4061-4069. [PMID: 33000185 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous H2S on mammary gland development in pubescent mice and to explore the underlying mechanism. The mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11, along with C57BL/6J mice, were treated with different concentrations of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), which is a donor of H2S. The HC11 cell viability, pubescent mammary gland development, and the involvement of proliferative proteins and pathways were assessed by CCK‑8 assay, EdU assay, whole mount staining, H&E staining, western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Both in vitro and in vivo, a low concentration of NaHS (100 µM in vitro; 9 mg/kg in vivo) significantly promoted the viability of HC11 cells and the development of mammary glands by increasing the expression of the proliferative markers cyclin D1/3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. However, a high concentration of NaHS (1,000 µM in vitro; 18 mg/kg in vivo) inhibited HC11 cell viability, mammary gland development and the expression levels of proteins involved in proliferation. Subsequent experiments revealed that NaHS regulated the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)‑mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway during this process. In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of low concentration NaHS (9 mg/kg) activated the PI3K/Akt‑mTOR pathway in mammary glands of pubescent mice, increased the secretion of insulin‑like growth factor 1 (IGF‑1) and estradiol (E2), and then stimulated mammary gland ductal development. Whereas a high concentration of NaHS (18 mg/kg) elicited the opposite effects to those of low‑dose NaHS. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that exogenous H2S supplied by NaHS may exert bidirectional effects on mammary gland ductal development; promoting ductal development at a low concentration and inhibiting it at a high concentration. The effects of H2S may occur via the intracellular PI3K/Akt‑mTOR signaling pathway, or by regulation of the secretion of IGF‑1 and E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Cong Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Qin Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
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36
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Tang C, van den Bijgaart RJE, Looman MWG, Triantis V, Nørskov Søndergaard J, Ansems M, Adema GJ. DC-SCRIPT affects mammary organoids branching morphogenesis by modulating the FGFR1-pERK signaling axis. Dev Biol 2020; 463:101-109. [PMID: 32422143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Loss of expression of the transcription regulator DC-SCRIPT (Zfp366) is a prominent prognostic event in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients. Studying the inherent link between breast morphogenesis and tumorigenesis, we recently reported that DC-SCRIPT affects normal mammary branching morphogenesis and mammary epithelium homeostasis. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism involved in DC-SCRIPT mediated regulation of FGF2 induced mammary branching morphogenesis in a 3D organoid culture system. Our data show that the delayed mammary organoid branching observed in DC-SCRIPT-/- organoids cannot be compensated for by increasing FGF2 levels. Interestingly, FGFR1, the dominant FGF2 receptor, was expressed at a significantly lower level in basal epithelial cells of DC-SCRIPT deficient organoids relative to wildtype organoids. A potential link between DC-SCRIPT and FGFR1 was further supported by the predicted locations of the DC-SCRIPT DNA binding motif at the Fgfr1 gene. Moreover, ERK1/2 phosphorylation downstream of the FGFR1 pathway was decreased in basal epithelial cells of DC-SCRIPT deficient organoids. Altogether, this study shows a relationship between DC-SCRIPT and FGFR1 related pERK signaling in modulating the branching morphogenesis of mammary organoids in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Tang
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Renske J E van den Bijgaart
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Maaike W G Looman
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Vassilis Triantis
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jonas Nørskov Søndergaard
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marleen Ansems
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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37
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Aikawa S, Yuan J, Dewar A, Sun X, Dey SK. Scribble promotes alveologenesis in the pregnant mammary gland for milk production. Reproduction 2020; 159:719-731. [PMID: 32213656 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammary glands are comprised of ducts and terminal lobules that form tree-like structures. Luminal epithelial cells in these lobules undergo differentiation into alveolar cells in pregnancy to support milk production. This study reveals that Scribble (SCRIB), a scaffold protein expressed in progesterone receptor (PGR)-positive cells, plays a critical role in mammary gland alveologenesis in mice. We conditionally deleted Scrib using a Pgr-Cre driver. PGR is heterogeneously expressed throughout the luminal epithelium. Scrib loss in mammary glands by Pgr-Cre (Scribf/fPgrCre/+) shows inefficient alveologenesis and terminal end bud (TEB)-like morphology during pregnancy, resulting in poor milk production and subsequent death of pups after delivery. The differentiation of PGR-positive epithelial cells into Elf5-expressing alveolar cells is defective in Scribf/fPgrCre/+ mice. These changes are reflected in reduced activation of JAK2 and PAK1, resulting in downregulation of pSTAT5, a critical transcriptional factor for alveologenesis. These results provide evidence that SCRIB impacts PGR-positive cell lineage during alveologenesis, which impacts milk production and the health of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizu Aikawa
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jia Yuan
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Amanda Dewar
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sudhansu K Dey
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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38
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Romagnoli M, Bresson L, Di-Cicco A, Pérez-Lanzón M, Legoix P, Baulande S, de la Grange P, De Arcangelis A, Georges-Labouesse E, Sonnenberg A, Deugnier MA, Glukhova MA, Faraldo MM. Laminin-binding integrins are essential for the maintenance of functional mammary secretory epithelium in lactation. Development 2020; 147:dev.181552. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.181552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Integrin dimers α3/β1, α6/β1 and α6/β4 are the mammary epithelial cell receptors for laminins, which are major components of the mammary basement membrane. The roles of specific basement membrane components and their integrin receptors in the regulation of functional gland development have not been analyzed in detail. To investigate the functions of laminin-binding integrins, we obtained mutant mice with mammary luminal cell-specific deficiencies of the α3 and α6 integrin chains generated by the Cre-Lox approach. During pregnancy, mutant mice displayed decreased luminal progenitor activity and retarded lobulo-alveolar development. Mammary glands appeared functional at the onset of lactation in mutant mice, however myoepithelial cell morphology was markedly altered, suggesting cellular compensation mechanisms involving cytoskeleton reorganization. Notably, lactation was not sustained in mutant females, and the glands underwent precocious involution. Inactivation of the p53 gene rescued the growth defects but did not restore lactogenesis in mutant mice. These results suggest that the p53 pathway is involved in the control of mammary cell proliferation and survival downstream of laminin-binding integrins and underline an essential role of cell interactions with laminin for lactogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Romagnoli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Laura Bresson
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Amandine Di-Cicco
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - María Pérez-Lanzón
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Patricia Legoix
- Institut Curie Genomics of Excellence (ICGex) Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Baulande
- Institut Curie Genomics of Excellence (ICGex) Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Adèle De Arcangelis
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104/INSERM U964/ULP, F-67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Elisabeth Georges-Labouesse
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104/INSERM U964/ULP, F-67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Ange Deugnier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Marina A. Glukhova
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Marisa M. Faraldo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, F-75013, Paris, France
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39
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Dutra E, Lee J, Torbati T, Garcia M, Merz CNB, Shufelt C. Cardiovascular implications of gender-affirming hormone treatment in the transgender population. Maturitas 2019; 129:45-49. [PMID: 31547912 PMCID: PMC6761990 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Transgender men and women represent a growing population in the United States and Europe, with 0.5% of adults and 3% of youth identifying as transgender. Globally, an estimated 0.3-0.5% of the population identify as transgender. Despite the increasing percentage of individuals whose gender identity, gender expression and behavior differ from their assigned sex at birth, health outcomes in transgenders have been understudied. Many transgender people seek treatment with cross-sex hormone therapy starting from a young age and frequently at high doses in order to obtain the secondary sex characteristics of the desired gender. There is a need to understand the potential long-term health consequences of cross-sex hormone therapy, given that cardiovascular disease is the leading disease-specific cause of death in this population. This review discusses the cardiovascular risks of gender-affirming hormone treatments with respect to transgender women and transgender men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Dutra
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julie Lee
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tina Torbati
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maurice Garcia
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Cedars-Sinai Transgender Surgery and Health Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - C Noel Bairey Merz
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chrisandra Shufelt
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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40
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Matouskova K, Jerry DJ, Vandenberg LN. Exposure to low doses of oxybenzone during perinatal development alters mammary gland morphology in male and female mice. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 92:66-77. [PMID: 31408669 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxybenzone (benzophenone-3) is an ultraviolet radiation filter commonly used in personal care products including sunscreens, textiles and inks, and food and beverage containers, among others. Due to its widespread use, human exposures to oxybenzone are widespread. Oxybenzone is considered an endocrine disrupting chemical due to its antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic properties. We evaluated the effects of oral exposures to oxybenzone on the growth and morphology of the mammary gland, body weight and anogenital distance in BALB/c mice exposed to 30, 212 or 3000 μg/kg/day in utero and during lactation. Developmental exposures to oxybenzone reduced the size and growth of mammary gland in males prior to and during puberty. In exposed females, oxybenzone reduced mammary cell proliferation, decreased the number of cells expressing estrogen receptor α, and altered mammary gland morphology in adulthood. These results suggest that even low doses of oxybenzone can disrupt hormone sensitive organs during critical windows of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Matouskova
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, USA
| | - D Joseph Jerry
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, USA.
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Yamamoto M, Abe C, Wakinaga S, Sakane K, Yumiketa Y, Taguchi Y, Matsumura T, Ishikawa K, Fujimoto J, Semba K, Miyauchi M, Akiyama T, Inoue JI. TRAF6 maintains mammary stem cells and promotes pregnancy-induced mammary epithelial cell expansion. Commun Biol 2019; 2:292. [PMID: 31396572 PMCID: PMC6684589 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (RANK) signaling promotes pregnancy-dependent epithelial cell differentiation and expansion for mammary gland development, which requires NF-κB pathway-dependent Cyclin D1 induction and inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) pathway-dependent anti-apoptotic gene induction. However, the roles of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) remain unclear despite its requirement in RANK signaling. Here we show that TRAF6 is crucial for both mammary stem cell maintenance and pregnancy-induced epithelial cell expansion. TRAF6 deficiency impairs phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and canonical NF-κB pathways, whereas noncanonical NF-κB signaling remains functional. Therefore, we propose that TRAF6 promotes cell proliferation by activating PI3K/AKT signaling to induce retinoblastoma phosphorylation in concert with noncanonical NF-κB pathway-dependent Cyclin D1 induction. Furthermore, TRAF6 inhibits apoptosis by activating canonical NF-κB signaling to induce anti-apoptotic genes with the Id2 pathway. Therefore, proper orchestration of TRAF6-dependent and -independent RANK signals likely establishes mammary gland formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Yamamoto
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
- Research Center for Asian Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Chiho Abe
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Sakura Wakinaga
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Kota Sakane
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Yo Yumiketa
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Yuu Taguchi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumura
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640 Japan
| | - Kosuke Ishikawa
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480 Japan
| | - Jiro Fujimoto
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480 Japan
| | - Kentaro Semba
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480 Japan
| | - Maki Miyauchi
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Taishin Akiyama
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Inoue
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
- Research Center for Asian Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
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42
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Gouesse RJ, Lavoie M, Dianati E, Wade M, Hales B, Robaire B, Plante I. Gestational and Lactational Exposure to an Environmentally-relevant Mixture of Brominated Flame Retardants Down-regulates Junctional Proteins, Thyroid Hormone Receptor α1 Expression and the Proliferation-Apoptosis Balance in Mammary Glands Post Puberty. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:13-31. [PMID: 31241157 PMCID: PMC6735962 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland development requires hormonal regulation during puberty, pregnancy and lactation. Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are endocrine disruptors; they are added to consumer products to satisfy flammability standards. Previously, we showed that gestational and lactational exposure to an environmentally-relevant mixture of BFRs disrupts proteins of the adherens junctions in rat dam mammary glands at weaning. Here, we hypothesize that perinatal exposure to the same BFR mixture also disrupts junctional proteins and signaling pathways controlling mammary gland development in pups. Dams were exposed through diet to a BFR mixture based on the substances in house dust; doses of the mixture used were 0, 0.06, 20 or 60 mg/kg/day. Dams were exposed continuously beginning prior to mating until pups' weaning; female offspring were euthanized on postnatal day (PND) 21, 46 and 208. The lowest dose of BFRs significantly down-regulated adherens junction proteins, E-cadherin and β-catenin, and the gap junction protein p-Cx43, as well as thyroid hormone receptor alpha1 protein at PND 46. No effects were observed on estrogen or progesterone receptors. The low dose also resulted in a decrease in cleaved-caspase 3, a downward trend in PARP levels, proteins involved in apoptosis, and an upward trend in PCNA, a marker of proliferation. No effects were observed on ductal elongation or on the numbers of terminal end buds. Together, our results indicate that gestational and lactational exposure to an environmentally-relevant mixture of BFRs disrupts cell-cell interactions, thyroid hormone homeostasis and the proliferation-apoptosis balance at PND 46, a critical stage for mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mélanie Lavoie
- INRS, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Bioscience, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Elham Dianati
- INRS, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Bioscience, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Mike Wade
- Health Canada, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara Hales
- McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Plante
- INRS, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Bioscience, Laval, QC, Canada
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43
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Ding L, Shunkwiler LB, Harper NW, Zhao Y, Hinohara K, Huh SJ, Ekram MB, Guz J, Kern MJ, Awgulewitsch A, Shull JD, Smits BMG, Polyak K. Deletion of Cdkn1b in ACI rats leads to increased proliferation and pregnancy-associated changes in the mammary gland due to perturbed systemic endocrine environment. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008002. [PMID: 30893315 PMCID: PMC6443185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary epithelial progenitors are the normal cell-of-origin of breast cancer. We previously defined a population of p27+ quiescent hormone-responsive progenitor cells in the normal human breast whose frequency associates with breast cancer risk. Here, we describe that deletion of the Cdkn1b gene encoding the p27 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in the estrogen-induced mammary tumor-susceptible ACI rat strain leads to a decrease in the relative frequencies of Cd49b+ mammary luminal epithelial progenitors and pregnancy-related differentiation. We show by comprehensive gene expression profiling of purified progenitor and differentiated mammary epithelial cell populations that p27 deletion has the most pronounced effects on luminal progenitors. Cdkn1b-/- females have decreased fertility, but rats that are able to get pregnant had normal litter size and were able to nurse their pups implying that loss of p27 in ACI rats does not completely abrogate ovarian function and lactation. Reciprocal mammary gland transplantation experiments indicate that the p27-loss-induced changes in mammary epithelial cells are not only caused by alterations in their intrinsic properties, but are likely due to altered hormonal signaling triggered by the perturbed systemic endocrine environment observed in Cdkn1b-/- females. We also observed a decrease in the frequency of mammary epithelial cells positive for progesterone receptor (Pr) and FoxA1, known direct transcriptional targets of the estrogen receptor (Erα), and an increase in phospho-Stat5 positive cells commonly induced by prolactin (Prl). Characterization of genome-wide Pr chromatin binding revealed distinct binding patterns in mammary epithelial cells of Cdkn1b+/+ and Cdkn1b-/- females and enrichment in genes with known roles in Notch, ErbB, leptin, and Erα signaling and regulation of G1-S transition. Our data support a role for p27 in regulating the pool size of hormone-responsive luminal progenitors that could impact breast cancer risk. The frequency and proliferation of tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells is associated with the risk of malignancy. Thus, regulators of the pool size and proliferation of progenitor cells determine cancer risk. p27 is a key regulator of cellular proliferation and is required for the terminal differentiation of a number of cell types. Here we show that genetic deletion of Cdkn1b in ACI rats susceptible to estrogen-induced mammary tumors decreases the relative fraction of Cd49b+ luminal progenitors identifying p27 as a key regulator of the proliferation and pool size of these cells. Progesterone, acting via the progesterone receptor (Pr), is an important regulator of mammary epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Based on ChIP-seq we found that Pr targets different sets of genes in Cdkn1b+/+ and Cdkn1b-/- mammary epithelium and that this is associated with differences in proliferation and differentiation states. Thus, p27 regulates breast cancer risk and tumor development via regulating the pool size and hormonal-responsiveness of luminal progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lauren B. Shunkwiler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nicholas W. Harper
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kunihiko Hinohara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sung Jin Huh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Muhammad B. Ekram
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jan Guz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Transgenic and Gene Function Core, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Kern
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Transgenic and Gene Function Core, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alexander Awgulewitsch
- Department of Medicine, Transgenic and Gene Function Core, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - James D. Shull
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Bart M. G. Smits
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BMGS); (KP)
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BMGS); (KP)
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44
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Chiche A, Di-Cicco A, Sesma-Sanz L, Bresson L, de la Grange P, Glukhova MA, Faraldo MM, Deugnier MA. p53 controls the plasticity of mammary luminal progenitor cells downstream of Met signaling. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:13. [PMID: 30683141 PMCID: PMC6346556 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The adult mammary epithelium is composed of basal and luminal cells. The luminal lineage comprises two major cell populations, positive and negative for estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR, respectively), both containing clonogenic progenitor cells. Deregulated ER/PR− luminal progenitor cells are suspected to be at the origin of basal-type triple-negative (TNBC) breast cancers, a subtype frequently associated with loss of P53 function and MET signaling hyperactivation. Using mouse models, we recently reported that p53 restricts luminal progenitor cell amplification whereas paracrine Met activation stimulates their growth and favors a luminal-to-basal switch. Here, we analyzed how these two critical pathways interact to control luminal progenitor function. Methods We have (i) established and analyzed the gene expression profile of luminal progenitors isolated by ICAM-1, a robust surface marker we previously identified; (ii) purified luminal progenitors from p53-deficient and p53-proficient mouse mammary epithelium to compare their functional and molecular characteristics; and (iii) analyzed their response to HGF, the major Met ligand, in three-dimensional cultures. Results We found that luminal progenitors, compared to non-clonogenic luminal cells, overexpress Trp53 and numerous p53 target genes. In vivo, loss of Trp53 induced the expansion of luminal progenitors, affecting expression of several important p53 target genes including those encoding negative regulators of cell cycle progression. Consistently, p53-deficient luminal progenitors displayed increased proliferative and self-renewal activities in culture. However, they did not exhibit perturbed expression of luminal-specific markers and major regulators, such as Hey1, Elf5, and Gata3. Moreover, although expressing Met at higher level than p53-proficient luminal progenitors, p53-deficient luminal progenitors failed to acquire basal-specific features when stimulated by HGF, showing that p53 promotes the plastic behavior of luminal progenitors downstream of Met activation. Conclusions Our study reveals a crosstalk between Met- and p53-mediated signaling pathways in the regulation of luminal progenitor function. In particular, it shows that neither p53 loss alone nor p53 loss combined with Met signaling activation caused an early detectable cell fate alteration in luminal progenitors. Conceivably, additional events are required to confer basal-specific characteristics to luminal-derived TNBCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-019-1101-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Chiche
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, F-75005, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR3738, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Di-Cicco
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Laura Sesma-Sanz
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, F-75005, Paris, France.,Université Paris VII Denis Diderot, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Laura Bresson
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, F-75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Marina A Glukhova
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, F-75005, Paris, France.,INSERM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Marisa M Faraldo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, F-75005, Paris, France.,INSERM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Ange Deugnier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, F-75005, Paris, France. .,INSERM, F-75013, Paris, France.
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45
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Diaz Bessone MI, Gattas MJ, Laporte T, Tanaka M, Simian M. The Tumor Microenvironment as a Regulator of Endocrine Resistance in Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:547. [PMID: 31440208 PMCID: PMC6694443 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor positive breast neoplasias represent over 70% of diagnosed breast cancers. Depending on the stage at which the tumor is detected, HER2 status and genomic risk, endocrine therapy is combined with either radio, chemo and/or targeted therapy. A growing amount of evidence supports the notion that components of the tumor microenvironment play specific roles in response to treatment and that strategies targeting these key interactions with tumor cells could pave the way to a new generation of therapies. In this review, we analyze the evidence suggesting different components of the tumor microenvironment play a role in hormone receptor positive breast cancer progression. In particular we focus on the immune system, carcinoma associated fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix. Further insight into the cross talk between these constituents of the microenvironment and the tumor cells may lead to therapies that eliminate disseminated metastatic cells early on, and thus reduce distant disease relapse which is the leading cause of death for patients who are diagnosed with this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inés Diaz Bessone
- Laboratory of NanoBiology, Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Gattas
- Laboratory of NanoBiology, Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Laporte
- Laboratory of NanoBiology, Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Max Tanaka
- Laboratory of NanoBiology, Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Amsterdam UMC, VUmc School of Medical Sciences, University of Vrije, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marina Simian
- Laboratory of NanoBiology, Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Marina Simian
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46
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Tian L, Li Y, Wang C, Li Q. Let‐7g‐5p regulates mouse mammary cells differentiation and function by targeting PRKCA. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10101-10110. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Qingzhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
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47
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Perrot-Applanat M, Kolf-Clauw M, Michel C, Beausoleil C. Alteration of mammary gland development by bisphenol a and evidence of a mode of action mediated through endocrine disruption. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 475:29-53. [PMID: 30048677 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development and function of the mammary gland are endocrine-dependent processes, depending on the stage of development. Foetal and/or postnatal exposure to low doses of BPA alters tissue organisation through epithelial proliferation and stroma-epithelial interactions. BPA also alters the expression of E2-dependent epithelial and stroma transcriptomes. Several signalling pathways are consistent with the observed phenotype: proliferation and apoptosis, a focal adhesion pathway indicating changes in biomechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, and immune function. Some of BPA's effects are reversed by oestrogen and/or GPER inhibitors. BPA also alters the expression of epigenetic marks (EZH2, HOTAIR), which would explain the delayed effect of foetal BPA exposure. In conclusion, experimental evidence shows that pre- or postnatal BPA exposure consistently causes endocrine modifications in the mammary tissue of different animal species, disrupting stromal-epithelial interactions and ultimately increasing its susceptibility to carcinogens. An interspecies comparison highlights why and how these effects apply to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martine Kolf-Clauw
- CREFRE, Toulouse University, INSERM, Toulouse Veterinary School, 23 chemin des Capelles, BP 87614, F 310176, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Cécile Michel
- ANSES, Risk Assessment Department, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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48
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Finot L, Chanat E, Dessauge F. Molecular signature of the putative stem/progenitor cells committed to the development of the bovine mammary gland at puberty. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16194. [PMID: 30385815 PMCID: PMC6212573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk production is highly dependent on the extensive development of the mammary epithelium, which occurs during puberty. It is therefore essential to distinguish the epithelial cells committed to development from the related epithelial hierarchy. Using cell phenotyping and sorting, we highlighted four cell sub-populations within the bovine mammary gland at puberty. The CD49fhighCD24neg cells expressing CD10, KRT14, vimentin and PROCR corresponded to cells committed to the basal lineage. The CD49flow sub-population contained two cell subsets (CD49flowCD24neg and CD49flowCD24pos). Both subsets expressed hormone receptors including ER, PR and PRLR, as well as ALDH1 activity but only the CD49flowCD24pos subset expressed ELF5. These data indicated that the CD49flow sub-population is mainly composed of cells displaying a luminal phenotype and that this population comprises two luminal cell subsets, namely the CD24neg and CD24pos cells, likely committed to ductal and alveolar lineage, respectively. The putative mammary stem cell (MaSC) fraction was recovered in the CD49fhighCD24pos sub-population which were shown to form mammospheres in vitro. These cells differentially expressed CD10, KRT14 and KRT7, suggesting the existence of several putative MaSC sub-fractions. In-depth characterization of these epithelial sub-populations provides new insights into the bovine mammary epithelial cell lineage and suggests a common developmental lineage in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Finot
- UMR 1348 PEGASE, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - Eric Chanat
- UMR 1348 PEGASE, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Saint-Gilles, France
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49
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Niimi K, Usami K, Fujita Y, Abe M, Furukawa M, Suyama Y, Sakai Y, Kamioka M, Shibata N, Park EJ, Sato S, Kiyono H, Yoneyama H, Kitazawa H, Watanabe K, Nochi T, Aso H. Development of immune and microbial environments is independently regulated in the mammary gland. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:643-653. [PMID: 29346344 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is important for mammals, providing immunological and microbiological advantages to neonates, together with the nutritional supply from the mother. However, the mechanisms of this functional diversity in the mammary gland remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that, similar to the gastrointestinal tract, the mammary gland develops immune and microbial environments consisting of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and the microflora, respectively, both of which are important for protecting neonates and the mother from infectious diseases. The IgA production and microflora development are coordinated in the gastrointestinal tract but seem to be independently regulated in the mammary gland. In particular, the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 and poly-Ig receptor, crucial molecules for the IgA production in milk, were expressed normally in germ-free lactating mice but were almost undetectable in postweaning mothers, regardless of the microflora presence. Our findings offer insights into potentially improving the quality of breastfeeding, using both immunological and microbiological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Niimi
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - K Usami
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Y Fujita
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - M Abe
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - M Furukawa
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Y Suyama
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Y Sakai
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - M Kamioka
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Shibata
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E J Park
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - S Sato
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Mucosal Vaccine and Adjuvant Project, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - H Kiyono
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Yoneyama
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - H Kitazawa
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - T Nochi
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Aso
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
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50
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Palaniappan M, Edwards D, Creighton CJ, Medina D, Conneely OM. Reprogramming of the estrogen responsive transcriptome contributes to tamoxifen-dependent protection against tumorigenesis in the p53 null mammary epithelial cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194913. [PMID: 29590203 PMCID: PMC5874056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene p53 is frequently mutated in human breast cancer and is a marker for poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Transplantation of p53 null mouse mammary epithelium into syngeneic wild-type mice leads to normal mammary gland development followed by spontaneous mammary tumors that recapitulate many of the phenotypic, molecular and genetic features of human breast cancer. Transient exposure of p53 null mice to the anti-estrogen, tamoxifen leads to sustained and robust protection against tumor development. However the mechanism underlying this anti-tumor activity remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that transient exposure to tamoxifen leads to a reduction in mammary ductal side-branching and epithelial cell proliferation after tamoxifen withdrawal. Global gene expression analysis showed that transient tamoxifen exposure leads to persistent changes in the expression of a subset of estrogen regulated gene signatures in mammary epithelial cells (MECs). Among these was the protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 5 (Ptpn5). We show that Ptpn5 is a novel tamoxifen regulated target gene which is upregulated in MECs after transient tamoxifen exposure and displays tumor suppressor activity in human breast cancer cells. Further, PTPN5 expression is strongly associated with good clinical outcome in tamoxifen treated human breast cancer patients suggesting that PTPN5 may represent a novel biomarker of tamoxifen response in human breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
- Transcriptome/drug effects
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Palaniappan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - David Edwards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Chad J. Creighton
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Daniel Medina
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Orla M. Conneely
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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