1
|
Wang L, Li P, Zheng F, Zhu Z, Bai F, Gao R. Collagen peptides from sturgeon swim bladder prolong the lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5244-5251. [PMID: 38308527 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sturgeon is a popular aquaculture species in many countries. Its swim bladder is rich in collagen but has not yet been exploited scientifically. RESULTS Collagen peptides (CPs) prepared from sturgeon swim bladder by trypsinolysis had an average molecular weight of 528.5 Da and consisted of 407 peptides, 16.1% of the content of which was GFPGADGSAGPK. The CPs at 25 mg mL-1 extended the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by 22.6%, which was significantly higher than the extension achieved by other hydrolysis methods and source materials. They also improved fitness-related traits (body size, motor capacity, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and epidermal barrier function), indicating prolonged healthspan. Transcriptome analysis showed that the effect was mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, which enhanced stress resistance, the insulin/IGF-1 pathway, which inhibited protein aggregation, and the NHR-80/FAT-6 pathway, which regulated lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION Collagen peptides from sturgeon swim bladder by trypsinolysis prolonged the lifespan and healthspan in C. elegans, and might be promising anti-aging agents. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peiyu Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fuping Zheng
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Zhenjiang Eslatide Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Quzhou Xunlong Aquatic Products Sci-tech Development Co., Ltd., Quzhou, China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gang SS, Lažetić V. Microsporidia: Pervasive natural pathogens of Caenorhabditis elegans and related nematodes. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2024:e13027. [PMID: 38702921 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an invaluable host model for studying infections caused by various pathogens, including microsporidia. Microsporidia represent the first natural pathogens identified in C. elegans, revealing the previously unknown Nematocida genus of microsporidia. Following this discovery, the utilization of nematodes as a model host has rapidly expanded our understanding of microsporidia biology and has provided key insights into the cell and molecular mechanisms of antimicrosporidia defenses. Here, we first review the isolation history, morphological characteristics, life cycles, tissue tropism, genetics, and host immune responses for the four most well-characterized Nematocida species that infect C. elegans. We then highlight additional examples of microsporidia that infect related terrestrial and aquatic nematodes, including parasitic nematodes. To conclude, we assess exciting potential applications of the nematode-microsporidia system while addressing the technical advances necessary to facilitate future growth in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer S Gang
- Molecular Biology Department, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Vladimir Lažetić
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbian College of Arts & Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zang X, Wang Q, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wu Z, Chen D. Knockdown of neuronal DAF-15/Raptor promotes healthy aging in C. elegans. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:507-516. [PMID: 37951302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The highly conserved target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway plays an important role in aging across species. Previous studies have established that inhibition of the TOR complex 1 (TORC1) significantly extends lifespan in Caenorhabditiselegans. However, it has not been clear whether TORC1 perturbation affects aging in a spatiotemporal manner. Here, we apply the auxin-inducible degradation tool to knock down endogenous DAF-15, the C. elegans ortholog of regulatory associated protein of TOR (Raptor), to characterize its roles in aging. Global or tissue-specific inhibition of DAF-15 during development results in various growth defects, whereas neuron-specific knockdown of DAF-15 during adulthood significantly extends lifespan and healthspan. The neuronal DAF-15 deficiency-induced longevity requires the intestinal activities of DAF-16/FOXO and PHA-4/FOXA transcription factors, as well as the AAK-2/AMP-activated protein kinase α catalytic subunit. Transcriptome profiling reveals that the neuronal DAF-15 knockdown promotes the expression of genes involved in protection. These findings define the tissue-specific roles of TORC1 in healthy aging and highlight the importance of neuronal modulation of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zang
- Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
| | - Hanxin Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Yiyan Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Zixing Wu
- Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Di Chen
- Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China; Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carvalho C, Barbosa DJ, Celestino R, Zanin E, Xavier Carvalho A, Gassmann R. Dynein directs prophase centrosome migration to control the stem cell division axis in the developing Caenorhabditis elegans epidermis. Genetics 2024; 226:iyae005. [PMID: 38213110 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The microtubule motor dynein is critical for the assembly and positioning of mitotic spindles. In Caenorhabditis elegans, these dynein functions have been extensively studied in the early embryo but remain poorly explored in other developmental contexts. Here, we use a hypomorphic dynein mutant to investigate the motor's contribution to asymmetric stem cell-like divisions in the larval epidermis. Live imaging of seam cell divisions that precede formation of the seam syncytium shows that mutant cells properly assemble but frequently misorient their spindle. Misoriented divisions misplace daughter cells from the seam cell row, generate anucleate compartments due to aberrant cytokinesis, and disrupt asymmetric cell fate inheritance. Consequently, the seam becomes disorganized and populated with extra cells that have lost seam identity, leading to fatal epidermal rupture. We show that dynein orients the spindle through the cortical GOA-1Gα-LIN-5NuMA pathway by directing the migration of prophase centrosomes along the anterior-posterior axis. Spindle misorientation in the dynein mutant can be partially rescued by elongating cells, implying that dynein-dependent force generation and cell shape jointly promote correct asymmetric division of epithelial stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Carvalho
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Daniel J Barbosa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- 1H-Toxrun-One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra 4585-116, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Celestino
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Esther Zanin
- Department Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Ana Xavier Carvalho
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Reto Gassmann
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Castelletto ML, Akimori D, Patel R, Schroeder NE, Hallem EA. Introduction to Strongyloides stercoralis Anatomy. J Nematol 2024; 56:20240019. [PMID: 38855080 PMCID: PMC11162604 DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2024-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Strongyloides stercoralis, commonly known as the human threadworm, is a skin-penetrating gastrointestinal parasitic nematode that infects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Like other Strongyloides species, S. stercoralis is capable of cycling through a single free-living generation. Although S. stercoralis and the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are evolutionarily distant, the free-living adults of S. stercoralis are similar enough in size and morphology to C. elegans adults that techniques for generating transgenics and knockouts in C. elegans have been successfully adapted for use in S. stercoralis. High-quality genomic and transcriptomic data are also available for S. stercoralis. Thus, one can use a burgeoning array of functional genomic tools in S. stercoralis to probe questions about parasitic nematode development, physiology, and behavior. Knowledge gained from S. stercoralis will inform studies of other parasitic nematodes such as hookworms that are not yet amenable to genetic manipulation. This review describes the basic anatomy of S. stercoralis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Castelletto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Damia Akimori
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Ph.D. Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Ruhi Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Nathan E. Schroeder
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Elissa A. Hallem
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsuboi S, Hoshino YT, Yamamoto-Tamura K, Uenishi H, Omae N, Morita T, Sameshima-Yamashita Y, Kitamoto H, Kishimoto-Mo AW. Enhanced biodegradable polyester film degradation in soil by sequential cooperation of yeast-derived esterase and microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:13941-13953. [PMID: 38265596 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The degradation of biodegradable plastics poses a significant environmental challenge and requires effective solutions. In this study, an esterase derived from a phyllosphere yeast Pseudozyma antarctica (PaE) enhanced the degradation and mineralization of poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) film in soil. PaE was found to substitute for esterases from initial degraders and activate sequential esterase production from soil microbes. The PBSA film pretreated with PaE (PBSA-E) rapidly diminished and was mineralized in soil until day 55 with high CO2 production. Soil with PBSA-E maintained higher esterase activities with enhancement of microbial abundance, whereas soil with inactivated PaE-treated PBSA film (PBSA-inact E) showed gradual degradation and time-lagged esterase activity increases. The fungal genera Arthrobotrys and Tetracladium, as possible contributors to PBSA-film degradation, increased in abundance in soil with PBSA-inact E but were less abundant in soil with PBSA-E. The dominance of the fungal genus Fusarium and the bacterial genera Arthrobacter and Azotobacter in soil with PBSA-E further supported PBSA degradation. Our study highlights the potential of PaE in addressing concerns associated with biodegradable plastic persistence in agricultural and environmental contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tsuboi
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Yuko Takada Hoshino
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan.
| | - Kimiko Yamamoto-Tamura
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Hirohide Uenishi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Natsuki Omae
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tomotake Morita
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yuka Sameshima-Yamashita
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kitamoto
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Ayaka W Kishimoto-Mo
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fol MF, Hamdi SAH, Abdel-Rahman HA, Mostafa NA. In vivo efficacy of silver nanoparticles against Syphacia muris infected laboratory Wistar rats. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:744-756. [PMID: 38009151 PMCID: PMC10667209 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminth infections are a worldwide problem that affects both humans and animals in developing countries. The common pinworm Syphacia muris frequently infects lab rats and can obstruct the creation of unrelated biological experiments. The objective of this study was to examine the in vivo efficacy of silver nanoparticles against S. muris infected Wistar rats. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction examinations of silver nanoparticles revealed highly pure polycrystals with a mean size of 4 nm. Rats were divided into group I, the control: received distilled water; groups II and III, the treated: received 2, 4 mg/kg b.w. of Ag NPs, respectively. At the end of the experimental period, all rats were euthanized and dissected for collecting worms. The surface topography of the recovered worms was displayed using light and scanning electron microscopy, and their physiological status was determined using oxidative stress biomarkers. The histological changes in the rat liver, kidney, and spleen were also examined. In the current study, Ag NPs administration revealed substantial alterations in worms collected from treated rats, including shrinkage of lips, peeling and rupture of body cuticles, and disruption of surface annulations. Also, induced a significant increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, as well as a decrease in reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and catalase levels compared to control group. Moreover, sections of treated rats' liver, kidney and spleen displayed normal cellular appearance. In conclusion, this is the first in vivo study to evaluate Ag NPs efficacy against S. muris in laboratory rats without significant toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Fathi Fol
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Z, Zou L, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Zhang S, Wu D, Lan J, Zang X, Wang Q, Zhang H, Wu Z, Zhu H, Chen D. ACS-20/FATP4 mediates the anti-ageing effect of dietary restriction in C. elegans. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7683. [PMID: 38001113 PMCID: PMC10673863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction is an effective anti-ageing intervention across species. However, the molecular mechanisms from the metabolic aspects of view are still underexplored. Here we show ACS-20 as a key mediator of dietary restriction on healthy ageing from a genetic screen of the C. elegans acyl-CoA synthetase family. ACS-20 functions in the epidermis during development to regulate dietary restriction-induced longevity. Functional transcriptomics studies reveal that elevated expression of PTR-8/Patched is responsible for the proteostasis and lifespan defects of acs-20. Furthermore, the conserved NHR-23 nuclear receptor serves as a transcriptional repressor of ptr-8 and a key regulator of dietary restriction-induced longevity. Mechanistically, a specific region in the ptr-8 promoter plays a key role in mediating the transcription regulation and lifespan extension under dietary restriction. Altogether, these findings identify a highly conserved lipid metabolism enzyme as a key mediator of dietary restriction-induced lifespan and healthspan extension and reveal the downstream transcriptional regulation mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China
| | - Lina Zou
- Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China
| | - Yiyan Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining, 314400, China
| | - Mengnan Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jianfeng Lan
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541001, China
| | - Xiao Zang
- Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining, 314400, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining, 314400, China
| | - Hanxin Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China
| | - Zixing Wu
- Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China
| | - Huanhu Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Di Chen
- Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China.
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining, 314400, China.
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Reich H, Savage-Dunn C. Signaling circuits and the apical extracellular matrix in aging: connections identified in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1201-C1211. [PMID: 37721005 PMCID: PMC10861026 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00195.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Numerous conserved signaling pathways play critical roles in aging, including insulin/IGF-1, TGF-β, and Wnt pathways. Some of these pathways also play prominent roles in the formation and maintenance of the extracellular matrix. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been an enduringly productive system for the identification of conserved mechanisms of biological aging. Recent studies in C. elegans highlight the regulatory circuits between conserved signaling pathways and the extracellular matrix, revealing a bidirectional relationship between these factors and providing a platform to address how regulation of and by the extracellular matrix can impact lifespan and organismal health during aging. These discoveries provide new opportunities for clinical advances and novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Reich
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York, United States
| | - Cathy Savage-Dunn
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York, United States
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Q, Wang X, Zhang D, Fang W, Li Y, Cao A, Wang Q, Yan D. Transcriptome reveals the toxicity difference of dimethyl disulfide by contact and fumigation on Meloidogyne incognita through calcium channel-mediated oxidative phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132268. [PMID: 37619272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The prevention and control of root-knot nematode disease has been posing a severe challenge worldwide. Fumigant dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) has excellent biological activity against nematodes. However, DMDS displays significant differences in contact and fumigation toxicity on nematodes. The specific regulatory mechanisms of DMDS on nematodes were investigated by characterizing the ultrastructure of nematodes, examining the physiological and biochemical indicators, and conducting transcriptome high-throughput sequencing. As indicated by the results, DMDS fumigation exhibited the biological activity of against M. incognita 121 times higher than DMDS contact. DMDS contact destroyed nematode body wall cells. Besides, DMDS fumigation destroyed the structure of pseudocoelom. DMDS treatment expedited the oxygen consumption of nematode while inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity. As indicated by the analysis of vital signaling pathways based on transcriptome, DMDS based on the contact mode penetrated directly into the nematode through the body wall and subsequently affected calcium channels in the body wall and muscle, disrupting their structure; it serves as an uncoupling agent to interfere with ATP synthase. Moreover, DMDS based on the fumigation mode entered the body through the respiratory pathway of olfactory perception-oxygen exchange and subsequently affected calcium channels in the nerve; eventually, DMDS acted on complex IV or complex I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Daqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wensheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aocheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongdong Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu Y, Li W, Dong Y, Xia C, Fu R. C. elegans Hemidesmosomes Sense Collagen Damage to Trigger Innate Immune Response in the Epidermis. Cells 2023; 12:2223. [PMID: 37759445 PMCID: PMC10526450 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The collagens are an enormous family of extracellular matrix proteins that play dominant roles in cell adhesion, migration and tissue remodeling under many physiological and pathological conditions. However, their function mechanisms in regulating innate immunity remain largely undiscovered. Here we use C. elegans epidermis as the model to address this question. The C. elegans epidermis is covered with a collagen-rich cuticle exoskeleton and can produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against invading pathogens or physical injury. Through an RNAi screen against collagen-encoding genes, we found that except the previously reported six DPY collagens and the BLI-1 collagen, the majority of collagens tested appear unable to trigger epidermal immune defense when damaged. Further investigation suggests that the six DPY collagens form a specific substructure, which regulates the interaction between BLI-1 and the hemidesmosome receptor MUP-4. The separation of BLI-1 with MUP-4 caused by collagen damage leads to the detachment of the STAT transcription factor-like protein STA-2 from hemidesmosomes and the induction of AMPs. Our findings uncover the mechanism how collagens are organized into a damage sensor and how the epidermis senses collagen damage to mount an immune defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rong Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Q, Fu R, Li G, Xiong S, Zhu Y, Zhang H. Hedgehog receptors exert immune-surveillance roles in the epidermis across species. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112929. [PMID: 37527037 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling plays pivotal roles in the development and homeostasis of epithelial barrier tissues. However, whether and how Hedgehog signaling directly regulates innate immunity in epithelial cells remains unknown. By utilizing C. elegans epidermis as the model, we found that several Hedgehog receptors are involved in cell-autonomous regulation of the innate immune response in the epidermis. Particularly, loss of the Patched family receptor induces aberrant up-regulation of epidermal antimicrobial peptides in a STAT-dependent manner. External or internal insult to the epidermis triggers rapid rearrangement of Patched distribution along the plasma membrane, indicating that the Hedgehog (Hh) receptor is likely involved in recognition and defense against epidermal damage. Loss of PTCH1 function in primary human keratinocytes and intact mouse skin also results in STAT-dependent immune activation. These findings reveal an evolutionally conserved immune-surveillance function of Hedgehog receptors and an insult-sensing and response strategy of epithelial tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Gang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shaojie Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu H, Tao Z, Wang Y, Liu X, Wang C, Liu L, Hu M. A member of the CAP protein superfamily, Hc-CAP-15, is important for the parasitic-stage development of Haemonchus contortus. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:290. [PMID: 37592312 PMCID: PMC10433639 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CAP superfamily proteins are distributed widely in eukaryotes and play crucial roles in various biological processes. However, very little is known about their functions in parasitic nematodes, including Haemonchus contortus, a socioeconomically important parasitic nematode. We have therefore studied a member of the CAP protein family of H. contortus, named Hc-CAP-15, with the aim to explore its roles in regulating the parasitic developmental process. METHODS The conservation and phylogenetic relationships, spatial expression and temporal transcription profiles of Hc-CAP/cap-15, as well its biological function during parasite development were investigated using bioinformatics, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR and RNA interference (RNAi). RESULTS Hc-CAP-15 was found to be a single-domain CAP protein consisting of four conserved motifs that is localized in the cuticle, intestine and oocyte of adult worms. Hc-cap-15 was transcribed at all developmental stages of H. contortus, with the highest transcription level in parasitic fourth-stage larvae (L4s). Silencing of Hc-cap-15 resulted in a significant increase in the body length of L4s. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that Hc-CAP-15 is important for the development of H. contortus. Our findings provide a basis for further study of the functions of the CAP family proteins in H. contortus and related parasitic nematodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhuolin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lim DS, Kim J, Kim W, Kim N, Lee SH, Lee D, Lee J. daf-42 is an evolutionarily young gene essential for dauer development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2023; 224:iyad097. [PMID: 37216205 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Under adverse environmental conditions, nematodes arrest into dauer, an alternative developmental stage for diapause. Dauer endures unfavorable environments and interacts with host animals to access favorable environments, thus playing a critical role in survival. Here, we report that in Caenorhabditis elegans, daf-42 is essential for development into the dauer stage, as the null mutant of daf-42 exhibited a "no viable dauer" phenotype in which no viable dauers were obtained in any dauer-inducing conditions. Long-term time lapse microscopy of synchronized larvae revealed that daf-42 is involved in developmental changes from the pre-dauer L2d stage to the dauer stage. daf-42 encodes large, disordered proteins of various sizes that are expressed in and secreted from the seam cells within a narrow time window shortly before the molt into dauer stage. Transcriptome analysis showed that the transcription of genes involved in larval physiology and dauer metabolism is highly affected by the daf-42 mutation. Contrary to the notion that essential genes that control the life and death of an organism may be well conserved across diverse species, daf-42 is an evolutionarily young gene conserved only in the Caenorhabditis genus. Our study shows that dauer formation is a vital process that is controlled not only by conserved genes but also by newly emerged genes, providing important insights into evolutionary mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy S Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergent Bioscience and Informatics, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehan Lee
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Meng X, Wijaya CS, Shao Q, Xu S. Triggered Golgi membrane enrichment promotes PtdIns(4,5)P2 generation for plasma membrane repair. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:214098. [PMID: 37158801 PMCID: PMC10176212 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202303017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of plasma membrane integrity and a capacity for efficiently repairing damaged membranes are essential for cell survival. Large-scale wounding depletes various membrane components at the wound sites, including phosphatidylinositols, yet little is known about how phosphatidylinositols are generated after depletion. Here, working with our in vivo C. elegans epidermal cell wounding model, we discovered phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) accumulation and local phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] generation at the wound site. We found that PtdIns(4,5)P2 generation depends on the delivery of PtdIns4P, PI4K, and PI4P 5-kinase PPK-1. In addition, we show that wounding triggers enrichment of the Golgi membrane to the wound site, and that is required for membrane repair. Moreover, genetic and pharmacological inhibitor experiments support that the Golgi membrane provides the PtdIns4P for PtdIns(4,5)P2 generation at the wounds. Our findings demonstrate how the Golgi apparatus facilitates membrane repair in response to wounding and offers a valuable perspective on cellular survival mechanisms upon mechanical stress in a physiological context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinan Meng
- International Biomedicine-X Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute , Haining Zhejiang, China
| | - Chandra Sugiarto Wijaya
- Department of Burn and Wound Repair of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingfang Shao
- International Biomedicine-X Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute , Haining Zhejiang, China
| | - Suhong Xu
- International Biomedicine-X Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute , Haining Zhejiang, China
- Department of Burn and Wound Repair of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao Y, Gao C, Pan X, Lei K. Emerging roles of mitochondria in animal regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:14. [PMID: 37142814 PMCID: PMC10160293 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The regeneration capacity after an injury is critical to the survival of living organisms. In animals, regeneration ability can be classified into five primary types: cellular, tissue, organ, structure, and whole-body regeneration. Multiple organelles and signaling pathways are involved in the processes of initiation, progression, and completion of regeneration. Mitochondria, as intracellular signaling platforms of pleiotropic functions in animals, have recently gained attention in animal regeneration. However, most studies to date have focused on cellular and tissue regeneration. A mechanistic understanding of the mitochondrial role in large-scale regeneration is unclear. Here, we reviewed findings related to mitochondrial involvement in animal regeneration. We outlined the evidence of mitochondrial dynamics across different animal models. Moreover, we emphasized the impact of defects and perturbation in mitochondria resulting in regeneration failure. Ultimately, we discussed the regulation of aging by mitochondria in animal regeneration and recommended this for future study. We hope this review will serve as a means to advocate for more mechanistic studies of mitochondria related to animal regeneration on different scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Lei
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fu R, Jiang X, Li G, Zhu Y, Zhang H. Junctional complexes in epithelial cells: sentinels for extracellular insults and intracellular homeostasis. FEBS J 2022; 289:7314-7333. [PMID: 34453866 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The cell-cell and cell-ECM junctions within the epithelial tissues are crucial anchoring structures that provide architectural stability, mechanical resistance, and permeability control. Their indispensable role as signaling hubs orchestrating cell shape-related changes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis has also been well recognized. However, growing amount of evidence now suggests that the multitasking nature of epithelial junctions extends well beyond anchorage-dependent or cell shape change-related biological processes. In this review, we discuss the emerging roles of junctional complexes in regulating innate immune defense, stress resistance, and intracellular proteostasis of the epithelial cells, with emphasis on the upstream regulation of epithelial junctions on various aspects of the epithelial barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, China
| | - Xiaowan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, China
| | - Gang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fu R, Jiang X, Yang Y, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang H. Bidirectional regulation of structural damage on autophagy in the C. elegans epidermis. Autophagy 2022; 18:2731-2745. [PMID: 35311461 PMCID: PMC9629849 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2047345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of disturbances such as starvation, organelle damage, heat stress, hypoxia and pathogen infection can influence the autophagic process. However, how the macroautophagy/autophagy machinery is regulated intrinsically by structural damage of the cell remains largely unknown. In this work, we utilized the C. elegans epidermis as the model to address this question. Our results showed that structural damage by mechanical wounding exerted proximal inhibitory effect and distant promotional effect on autophagy within the same epidermal cell. By disrupting individual mechanical supporting structures, we found that only damage of the basal extracellular matrix or the underlying muscle cells activated a distinct autophagic response in the epidermis. On the contrary, structural disruption of the epidermal cells at the apical side inhibited autophagy activation caused by different stress factors. Mechanistic studies showed that the basal promotional effect of structural damage on epidermal autophagy was mediated by a mechanotransduction pathway going through the basal hemidesmosome receptor and LET-363/MTOR, while the apical inhibitory effect was mostly carried out by activation of calcium signaling. Elevated autophagy in the epidermis played a detrimental rather than a beneficial role on cell survival against structural damage. The results obtained from these studies will not only help us better understand the pathogenesis of structural damage- and autophagy-related diseases, but also provide insight into more generic rules of autophagy regulation by the structural and mechanical properties of cells across species.Abbreviations : ATG: autophagy related; BLI-1: BLIstered cuticle 1; CeHDs: C. elegans hemidesmosomes; COL-19: COLlagen 19; DPY-7: DumPY 7; ECM: extracellular matrix; EPG-5: ectopic PGL granules 5; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GIT-1: GIT1 (mammalian G protein-coupled receptor kinase InTeractor 1) homolog; GTL-2: Gon-Two Like 2 (TRP subfamily); HIS-58, HIStone 58; IFB-1: Intermediate Filament, B 1; LET: LEThal; LGG-1: LC3, GABARAP and GATE-16 family 1; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; MUP-4: MUscle Positioning 4; NLP-29: Neuropeptide-Like Protein 29; PAT: Paralyzed Arrest at Two-fold; PIX-1: PIX (PAK (p21-activated kinase) Interacting eXchange factor) homolog 1; RFP: red fluorescent protein; RNAi: RNA interference; SQST-1: SeQueSTosome related 1; UNC: UNCoordinated; UV: ultraviolet; VAB-10: variable ABnormal morphology 10; WT: wild type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaowan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Njume FN, Razzauti A, Soler M, Perschin V, Fazeli G, Bourez A, Delporte C, Ghogomu SM, Poelvoorde P, Pichard S, Birck C, Poterszman A, Souopgui J, Van Antwerpen P, Stigloher C, Vanhamme L, Laurent P. A lipid transfer protein ensures nematode cuticular impermeability. iScience 2022; 25:105357. [PMID: 36339267 PMCID: PMC9626681 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cuticle of C. elegans is impermeable to chemicals, toxins, and pathogens. However, increased permeability is a desirable phenotype because it facilitates chemical uptake. Surface lipids contribute to the permeability barrier. Here, we identify the lipid transfer protein GMAP-1 as a critical element setting the permeability of the C. elegans cuticle. A gmap-1 deletion mutant increases cuticular permeability to sodium azide, levamisole, Hoechst, and DiI. Expressing GMAP-1 in the hypodermis or transiently in the adults is sufficient to rescue this gmap-1 permeability phenotype. GMAP-1 protein is secreted from the hypodermis to the aqueous fluid filling the space between collagen fibers of the cuticle. In vitro, GMAP-1 protein binds phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine while in vivo, GMAP-1 sets the surface lipid composition and organization. Altogether, our results suggest GMAP-1 secreted by hypodermis shuttles lipids to the surface to form the permeability barrier of C. elegans. GMAP-1 is secreted by the hypodermis toward the cuticle of Caenorhabditis elegans GMAP-1 binds and shuttle phosphoglycerides GMAP-1 sets the lipid composition of the cuticle While healthy, gmap-1 mutant displays high cuticular permeability
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Ngale Njume
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Adria Razzauti
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Miguel Soler
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Veronika Perschin
- Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gholamreza Fazeli
- Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Axelle Bourez
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Cedric Delporte
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Stephen M. Ghogomu
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Philippe Poelvoorde
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Simon Pichard
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Birck
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arnaud Poterszman
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacob Souopgui
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Vanhamme
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Patrick Laurent
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu YZ, Jiang HS, Han HF, Li PH, Lu MR, Tsai IJ, Wu YC. C. elegans BLMP-1 controls apical epidermal cell morphology by repressing expression of mannosyltransferase bus-8 and molting signal mlt-8. Dev Biol 2022; 486:96-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
21
|
Goodman MB, Savage-Dunn C. Reciprocal interactions between transforming growth factor beta signaling and collagens: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:47-60. [PMID: 34537996 PMCID: PMC8982858 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in genetically tractable organisms such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have led to pioneering insights into conserved developmental regulatory mechanisms. For example, Smad signal transducers for the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily were first identified in C. elegans and in the fruit fly Drosophila. Recent studies of TGF-β signaling and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in C. elegans have forged unexpected links between signaling and the ECM, yielding novel insights into the reciprocal interactions that occur across tissues and spatial scales, and potentially providing new opportunities for the study of biomechanical regulation of gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam B. Goodman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, CA 94304
| | - Cathy Savage-Dunn
- Department of Biology, Queens College at the City University of New York, 11367,Correspondence to: >
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wimberly K, Choe KP. An extracellular matrix damage sensor signals through membrane-associated kinase DRL-1 to mediate cytoprotective responses in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2021; 220:6444994. [PMID: 34849856 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We and others previously identified circumferential bands of collagen named annular furrows as key components of a damage sensor in the cuticle of Caenorhabditis elegans that regulates cytoprotective genes. Mutation or loss of non-collagen secreted proteins OSM-7, OSM-8, and OSM-11 activate the same cytoprotective responses without obvious changes to the cuticle indicating that other extracellular proteins are involved. Here, we used RNAi screening to identify protein kinase DRL-1 as a key modulator of cytoprotective gene expression and stress resistance in furrow and extracellular OSM protein mutants. DRL-1 functions downstream from furrow disruption and is expressed in cells that induce cytoprotective genes. DRL-1 is not required for expression of cytoprotective genes under basal or oxidative stress conditions consistent with specificity to extracellular signals. DRL-1 was previously shown to regulate longevity via a 'Dietary Restriction-Like' state, but it functions downstream from furrow disruption by a distinct mechanism. The kinase domain of DRL-1 is related to mammalian MEKK3, and MEKK3 is recruited to a plasma membrane osmosensor complex by a scaffold protein. In C. elegans, DRL-1 contains an atypical hydrophobic C-terminus with predicted transmembrane domains and is constitutively expressed at or near the plasma membrane where it could function to receive extracellular damage signals for cells that mount cytoprotective responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keon Wimberly
- Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Keith P Choe
- Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mishra N, Mallick S, Negi VD. Salmonella Typhimurium infection causes defects and fastening of Caenorhabditis elegans developmental stages. Microbes Infect 2021; 24:104894. [PMID: 34756991 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mishra
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Swarupa Mallick
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Vidya Devi Negi
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Katsanos D, Ferrando-Marco M, Razzaq I, Aughey G, Southall TD, Barkoulas M. Gene expression profiling of epidermal cell types in C. elegans using Targeted DamID. Development 2021; 148:dev199452. [PMID: 34397094 PMCID: PMC7613258 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis of Caenorhabditis elegans is an essential tissue for survival because it contributes to the formation of the cuticle barrier as well as facilitating developmental progression and animal growth. Most of the epidermis consists of the hyp7 hypodermal syncytium, the nuclei of which are largely generated by the seam cells, which exhibit stem cell-like behaviour during development. How seam cell progenitors differ transcriptionally from the differentiated hypodermis is poorly understood. Here, we introduce Targeted DamID (TaDa) in C. elegans as a method for identifying genes expressed within a tissue of interest without cell isolation. We show that TaDa signal enrichment profiles can be used to identify genes transcribed in the epidermis and use this method to resolve differences in gene expression between the seam cells and the hypodermis. Finally, we predict and functionally validate new transcription and chromatin factors acting in seam cell development. These findings provide insights into cell type-specific gene expression profiles likely associated with epidermal cell fate patterning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Katsanos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mar Ferrando-Marco
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Iqrah Razzaq
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gabriel Aughey
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tony D. Southall
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michalis Barkoulas
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Impact of Tuning the Surface Charge Distribution on Colloidal Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Toxicity Investigated in Caenorhabditis elegans. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061551. [PMID: 34208275 PMCID: PMC8230852 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the toxic effect in living organisms remains a major issue for the development of safe nanomedicines and exposure of researchers involved in the synthesis, handling and manipulation of nanoparticles. In this study, we demonstrate that Caenorhabditis elegans could represent an in vivo model alternative to superior mammalians for the collection of several physiological functionality parameters associated to both short-term and long-term effects of colloidally stable nanoparticles even in absence of microbial feeding, usually reported to be necessary to ensure appropriate intake. Contextually, we investigated the impact of surface charge on toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide coated with a wrapping polymeric envelop that confers them optimal colloidal stability. By finely tuning the functional group composition of this shallow polymer–obtaining totally anionic, partially pegylated, partially anionic and partially cationic, respectively–we showed that the ideal surface charge organization to optimize safety of colloidal nanoparticles is the one containing both cationic and anionic groups. Our results are in accordance with previous evidence that zwitterionic nanoparticles allow long circulation, favorable distribution in the tumor area and optimal tumor penetration and thus support the hypothesis that zwitterionic iron oxide nanoparticles could be an excellent solution for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications in nanooncology.
Collapse
|
26
|
Niemuth N, Williams DN, Mensch AC, Cui Y, Orr G, Rosenzweig Z, Klaper RD. Redesign of hydrophobic quantum dots mitigates ligand-dependent toxicity in the nematode C. elegans. NANOIMPACT 2021; 22:100318. [PMID: 35559975 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface properties of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have been shown to influence their interaction with biological systems. However, studies to date have largely focused on hydrophilic materials, likely due to biocompatibility concerns and aqueous exposure conditions necessary for many model systems. Therefore, a knowledge gap exists in nanotoxicity literature for impacts of hydrophobic ENMs, with studies of hydrophobic materials largely limited to carbon ENMs. Here we demonstrate testing of hydrophobic quantum dots (QDs) using the nematode C. elegans, a model soil organism cultured on solid media and amenable to hydrophobic exposures. To evaluate the influence of hydrophobicity, we compared CdSe/ZnS QDs functionalized with hydrophobic trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) to identical QDs functionalized with hydrophilic dihydrolipoic acid-polyethylene glycol (DHLA-PEG) and alternative hydrophobic CdSe/ZnS QDs functionalized with oleic acid (OA). Results show that hydrophobic TOPO QDs are significantly more toxic than hydrophilic DHLA-PEG QDs, and substitution of TOPO with OA yields relatively non-toxic hydrophobic QDs. Fluorescence microscopy shows TOPO QDs loosely associated with the organism's cuticle, but atomic force microscopy shows no difference in cuticle structure from exposure. Importantly, TOPO ligand alone is as toxic as TOPO QDs, and our data suggests that TOPO may impact neuromuscular function, perhaps upon displacement from the QD surface. This study demonstrates the importance of examining ligand-specific impacts of hydrophobic ENMs and indicates OA-functionalized QDs as a potential alternative to TOPO QDs for reduced toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- NicholasJ Niemuth
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53204, United States
| | - Denise N Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States
| | - Arielle C Mensch
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Yi Cui
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Ze'ev Rosenzweig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States
| | - Rebecca D Klaper
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53204, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ma Y, Xie J, Wijaya CS, Xu S. From wound response to repair - lessons from C. elegans. CELL REGENERATION 2021; 10:5. [PMID: 33532882 PMCID: PMC7855202 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-020-00067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a result of evolution, the ability to repair wounds allows organisms to combat environment insults. Although the general process of wound healing at the tissue level has been described for decades, the detailed molecular mechanisms regarding the early wound response and rapid wound repair at the cellular level remain little understood. Caenorhabditis elegans is a model organism widely used in the field of development, neuroscience, programmed cell death etc. The nematode skin is composed of a large epidermis associated with a transparent extracellular cuticle, which likely has a robust capacity for epidermal repair. Yet, until the last decades, relatively few studies had directly analyzed the wound response and repair process. Here we review recent findings in how C. elegans epidermis responds to wounding and initiates early actin-polymerization-based wound closure as well as later membrane repair. We also discussed some remained outstanding questions for future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Ma
- The Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Xie
- The Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chandra Sugiarto Wijaya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Suhong Xu
- The Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li F, Qin P, Ye L, Gupta N, Hu M. A novel BR-SMAD is required for larval development in barber's pole worm Haemonchus contortus. MICROBIAL CELL 2020; 8:57-64. [PMID: 33553419 PMCID: PMC7841850 DOI: 10.15698/mic2021.02.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SMAD proteins mediate TGF-β signaling and thereby regulate the metazoan development; however, they are poorly defined in Haemonchus contortus–a common blood-sucking parasitic nematode of small ruminants. Here, we characterized an R-SMAD family protein in H. contortus termed HcSMA2, which is closely related to Caenorhabditis elegans SMA2 (CeSMA2) involved in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Hcsma2 is transcribed in all developmental stages of H. contortus but highly induced in the adult male worms. The RNA interference with Hcsma2 retarded the transition of infective L3 into L4 larvae. Besides, the bimolecular fluorescence complementation revealed the interaction of HcSMA2 with a TGF-β-activated-R-SMAD (HcDAF8). Together these results show a BMP-like receptor-regulated SMAD in H. contortus that is required for larval differentiation and underscore an adaptive functional repurposing of BMP-signaling in parasitic worms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peixi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nishith Gupta
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Molecular Parasitology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (BITS-P), Hyderabad, India
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li Zheng S, Adams JG, Chisholm AD. Form and function of the apical extracellular matrix: new insights from Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and the vertebrate inner ear. Fac Rev 2020; 9:27. [PMID: 33659959 PMCID: PMC7886070 DOI: 10.12703/r/9-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical extracellular matrices (aECMs) are the extracellular layers on the apical sides of epithelia. aECMs form the outer layer of the skin in most animals and line the luminal surface of internal tubular epithelia. Compared to the more conserved basal ECMs (basement membranes), aECMs are highly diverse between tissues and between organisms and have been more challenging to understand at mechanistic levels. Studies in several genetic model organisms are revealing new insights into aECM composition, biogenesis, and function and have begun to illuminate common principles and themes of aECM organization. There is emerging evidence that, in addition to mechanical or structural roles, aECMs can participate in reciprocal signaling with associated epithelia and other cell types. Studies are also revealing mechanisms underlying the intricate nanopatterns exhibited by many aECMs. In this review, we highlight recent findings from well-studied model systems, including the external cuticle and ductal aECMs of Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and other insects and the internal aECMs of the vertebrate inner ear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Li Zheng
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jennifer Gotenstein Adams
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew D Chisholm
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Castiglioni VG, Pires HR, Rosas Bertolini R, Riga A, Kerver J, Boxem M. Epidermal PAR-6 and PKC-3 are essential for larval development of C. elegans and organize non-centrosomal microtubules. eLife 2020; 9:e62067. [PMID: 33300872 PMCID: PMC7755398 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cortical polarity regulators PAR-6, PKC-3, and PAR-3 are essential for the polarization of a broad variety of cell types in multicellular animals. In C. elegans, the roles of the PAR proteins in embryonic development have been extensively studied, yet little is known about their functions during larval development. Using inducible protein degradation, we show that PAR-6 and PKC-3, but not PAR-3, are essential for postembryonic development. PAR-6 and PKC-3 are required in the epidermal epithelium for animal growth, molting, and the proper pattern of seam-cell divisions. Finally, we uncovered a novel role for PAR-6 in organizing non-centrosomal microtubule arrays in the epidermis. PAR-6 was required for the localization of the microtubule organizer NOCA-1/Ninein, and defects in a noca-1 mutant are highly similar to those caused by epidermal PAR-6 depletion. As NOCA-1 physically interacts with PAR-6, we propose that PAR-6 promotes non-centrosomal microtubule organization through localization of NOCA-1/Ninein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G Castiglioni
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Helena R Pires
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Rodrigo Rosas Bertolini
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Amalia Riga
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Jana Kerver
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Mike Boxem
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang C, Yang Y, Fu R, Zhu Y, Zhang H. Periodic subcellular structures undergo long-range synchronized reorganization during C. elegans epidermal development. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs246793. [PMID: 33033182 PMCID: PMC10682509 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodic pattern formation on the cellular and tissue scale is an important process and has been extensively studied. However, periodic pattern formation at the subcellular level still remains poorly understood. The C. elegans epidermis displays a highly ordered parallel stripe pattern as part of its subcellular structure, making it an ideal model to study the formation and reorganization of periodic patterns within cells. Here, we show that the initial formation of periodic striped patterns in the C. elegans epidermis is dependent on actin and spectrin, and requires the apical membrane attachment structures for maintenance. The periodic subcellular structures do not accommodate cell growth by continuously making new stripes. Instead, they increase the number of stripes by going through one round of uniform duplication, which is independent of the increasing epidermal length or the developmental cycles. This long-range synchronized reorganization of subcellular structures is achieved by physical links established by extracellular collagens together with extension forces generated from epidermal cell growth. Our studies uncover a novel strategy employed by evenly spaced and interlinked subcellular structures to maintain their integrity and equidistribution during cell growth and tissue development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuyan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Targeting nuclear protein TDP-43 by cell division cycle kinase 7 inhibitors: A new therapeutic approach for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112968. [PMID: 33139113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with no known cure. Aggregates of the nuclear protein TDP-43 have been recognized as a hallmark of proteinopathy in both familial and sporadic cases of ALS. Post-translational modifications of this protein, include hyperphosphorylation, cause disruption of TDP-43 homeostasis and as a consequence, promotion of its neurotoxicity. Among the kinases involved in these changes, cell division cycle kinase 7 (CDC7) plays an important role by directly phosphorylating TDP-43. In the present manuscript the discovery, synthesis, and optimization of a new family of selective and ATP-competitive CDC7 inhibitors based on 6-mercaptopurine scaffold are described. Moreover, we demonstrate the ability of these inhibitors to reduce TDP-43 phosphorylation in both cell cultures and transgenic animal models such as C. elegans and Prp-hTDP43 (A315T) mice. Altogether, the compounds described here may be useful as versatile tools to explore the role of CDC7 in TDP-43 phosphorylation and also as new drug candidates for the future development of ALS therapies.
Collapse
|
33
|
Cohen JD, Sundaram MV. C. elegans Apical Extracellular Matrices Shape Epithelia. J Dev Biol 2020; 8:E23. [PMID: 33036165 PMCID: PMC7712855 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical extracellular matrices (aECMs) coat exposed surfaces of epithelia to shape developing tissues and protect them from environmental insults. Despite their widespread importance for human health, aECMs are poorly understood compared to basal and stromal ECMs. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans contains a variety of distinct aECMs, some of which share many of the same types of components (lipids, lipoproteins, collagens, zona pellucida domain proteins, chondroitin glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans) with mammalian aECMs. These aECMs include the eggshell, a glycocalyx-like pre-cuticle, both collagenous and chitin-based cuticles, and other understudied aECMs of internal epithelia. C. elegans allows rapid genetic manipulations and live imaging of fluorescently-tagged aECM components, and is therefore providing new insights into aECM structure, trafficking, assembly, and functions in tissue shaping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Meera V. Sundaram
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6145, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yilmaz LS, Li X, Nanda S, Fox B, Schroeder F, Walhout AJ. Modeling tissue-relevant Caenorhabditis elegans metabolism at network, pathway, reaction, and metabolite levels. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9649. [PMID: 33022146 PMCID: PMC7537831 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is a highly compartmentalized process that provides building blocks for biomass generation during development, homeostasis, and wound healing, and energy to support cellular and organismal processes. In metazoans, different cells and tissues specialize in different aspects of metabolism. However, studying the compartmentalization of metabolism in different cell types in a whole animal and for a particular stage of life is difficult. Here, we present MEtabolic models Reconciled with Gene Expression (MERGE), a computational pipeline that we used to predict tissue-relevant metabolic function at the network, pathway, reaction, and metabolite levels based on single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Our analysis recapitulated known tissue functions in C. elegans, captured metabolic properties that are shared with similar tissues in human, and provided predictions for novel metabolic functions. MERGE is versatile and applicable to other systems. We envision this work as a starting point for the development of metabolic network models for individual cells as scRNA-seq continues to provide higher-resolution gene expression data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lutfu Safak Yilmaz
- Program in Systems Biology, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Xuhang Li
- Program in Systems Biology, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shivani Nanda
- Program in Systems Biology, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Bennett Fox
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Frank Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Albertha Jm Walhout
- Program in Systems Biology, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Actin Polymerization and ESCRT Trigger Recruitment of the Fusogens Syntaxin-2 and EFF-1 to Promote Membrane Repair in C. elegans. Dev Cell 2020; 54:624-638.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
36
|
Yu CC(J, Barry NC, Wassie AT, Sinha A, Bhattacharya A, Asano S, Zhang C, Chen F, Hobert O, Goodman MB, Haspel G, Boyden ES. Expansion microscopy of C. elegans. eLife 2020; 9:e46249. [PMID: 32356725 PMCID: PMC7195193 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently developed expansion microscopy (ExM), which achieves nanoscale-precise imaging of specimens at ~70 nm resolution (with ~4.5x linear expansion) by isotropic swelling of chemically processed, hydrogel-embedded tissue. ExM of C. elegans is challenged by its cuticle, which is stiff and impermeable to antibodies. Here we present a strategy, expansion of C. elegans (ExCel), to expand fixed, intact C. elegans. ExCel enables simultaneous readout of fluorescent proteins, RNA, DNA location, and anatomical structures at resolutions of ~65-75 nm (3.3-3.8x linear expansion). We also developed epitope-preserving ExCel, which enables imaging of endogenous proteins stained by antibodies, and iterative ExCel, which enables imaging of fluorescent proteins after 20x linear expansion. We demonstrate the utility of the ExCel toolbox for mapping synaptic proteins, for identifying previously unreported proteins at cell junctions, and for gene expression analysis in multiple individual neurons of the same animal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chieh (Jay) Yu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Nicholas C Barry
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Asmamaw T Wassie
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Anubhav Sinha
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Abhishek Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Shoh Asano
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Fei Chen
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Oliver Hobert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Miriam B Goodman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Gal Haspel
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University-NewarkNewarkUnited States
- The Brain Research Institute, New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkUnited States
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fan J, Ji T, Wang K, Huang J, Wang M, Manning L, Dong X, Shi Y, Zhang X, Shao Z, Colón-Ramos DA. A muscle-epidermis-glia signaling axis sustains synaptic specificity during allometric growth in Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife 2020; 9:55890. [PMID: 32255430 PMCID: PMC7164957 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic positions underlie precise circuit connectivity. Synaptic positions can be established during embryogenesis and sustained during growth. The mechanisms that sustain synaptic specificity during allometric growth are largely unknown. We performed forward genetic screens in C. elegans for regulators of this process and identified mig-17, a conserved ADAMTS metalloprotease. Proteomic mass spectrometry, cell biological and genetic studies demonstrate that MIG-17 is secreted from cells like muscles to regulate basement membrane proteins. In the nematode brain, the basement membrane does not directly contact synapses. Instead, muscle-derived basement membrane coats one side of the glia, while glia contact synapses on their other side. MIG-17 modifies the muscle-derived basement membrane to modulate epidermal-glial crosstalk and sustain glia location and morphology during growth. Glia position in turn sustains the synaptic pattern established during embryogenesis. Our findings uncover a muscle-epidermis-glia signaling axis that sustains synaptic specificity during the organism's allometric growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, the Institutes of Brain Science, and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, the Institutes of Brain Science, and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, the Institutes of Brain Science, and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jichang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, the Institutes of Brain Science, and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Laura Manning
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Xiaohua Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, the Institutes of Brain Science, and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, the Institutes of Brain Science, and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, the Institutes of Brain Science, and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniel A Colón-Ramos
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Instituto de Neurobiología, Recinto de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li FF, Gasser RB, Liu F, Shan JN, Di WD, He L, Zhou CX, Wang CQ, Fang R, Hu M. Identification and characterization of an R-Smad homologue (Hco-DAF-8) from Haemonchus contortus. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:164. [PMID: 32245505 PMCID: PMC7119156 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smad proteins are essential cellular mediators within the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. They directly transmit incoming signals from the cell surface receptors to the nucleus. In spite of their functional importance, almost nothing is known about Smad proteins in parasitic nematodes including Haemonchus contortus, an important blood-sucking nematode of small ruminants. Methods Based on genomic and transcriptome data for H. contortus and using bioinformatics methods, a Smad homologue (called Hco-daf-8) was inferred from H. contortus and the structural characteristics of this gene and its encoded protein Hco-DAF-8 established. Using real-time PCR and immunofluorescence assays, temporal transcriptional and spatial expression profiles of Hco-daf-8 were studied. Gene rescue in Caenorhabditis elegans was then applied to assess the function of Hco-daf-8 and a specific inhibitor of human Smad3 (called SIS3) was employed to evaluate the roles of Hco-DAF-8 in H. contortus development. Results The features of Hco-DAF-8 (502 amino acids), including conserved R-Smad domains and residues of the L3-loop that determine pathway specificity, are consistent with a TGF-β type I receptor-activated R-Smad. The Hco-daf-8 gene was transcribed in all developmental stages of H. contortus studied, with a higher level of transcription in the fourth-stage larval (L4) females and the highest level in adult males. Hco-DAF-8 was expressed in the platymyarian muscular cells, intestine and reproductive system of adult stages. Gene rescue experiments showed that Hco-daf-8 was able to partially rescue gene function in a daf-8 deficient mutant strain of C. elegans, leading to a resumption of normal development. In H. contortus, SIS3 was shown to affect H. contortus development from the exsheathed third-stage larvae (L3s) to L4s in vitro. Conclusions These findings suggest that Hco-DAF-8, encoded by the gene Hco-daf-8, is an important cellular mediator of H. contortus development via the TGF-β signalling pathway. They provide a basis for future explorations of Hco-DAF-8 and associated pathways in H. contortus and other important parasitic nematodes.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Robin B Gasser
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Melbourne Veterinary School, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jia-Nan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Da Di
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Li He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Cai-Xian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chun-Qun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Madaan U, Faure L, Chowdhury A, Ahmed S, Ciccarelli EJ, Gumienny TL, Savage-Dunn C. Feedback regulation of BMP signaling by Caenorhabditis elegans cuticle collagens. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:825-832. [PMID: 32049594 PMCID: PMC7185965 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-07-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular responsiveness to environment, including changes in extracellular matrix (ECM), is critical for normal processes such as development and wound healing, but can go awry, as in oncogenesis and fibrosis. One type of molecular pathway contributing to this responsiveness is the BMP signaling pathway. Owing to their broad and potent functions, BMPs and their pathways are regulated at multiple levels. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the BMP ligand DBL-1 is a regulator of body size. We previously showed that DBL-1/BMP signaling determines body size through transcriptional regulation of cuticle collagen genes. We now identify feedback regulation of DBL-1/BMP through analysis of four DBL-1–regulated collagen genes. Inactivation of any of these genes reduces DBL-1/BMP signaling, measured by a pathway activity reporter. Furthermore, depletion of these collagens reduces GFP::DBL-1 fluorescence and acts unexpectedly at the level of dbl-1 transcription. We conclude that cuticle, a specialized ECM, impinges on DBL-1/BMP expression and signaling. Interestingly, the feedback regulation of DBL-1/BMP signaling by collagens is likely to be contact independent due to physical separation of the cuticle from DBL-1–expressing cells in the ventral nerve cord. Our results provide an entry point into a novel regulatory mechanism for BMP signaling, with broader implications for mechanical regulation of gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uday Madaan
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367.,PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY 10016
| | - Lionel Faure
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204
| | - Albar Chowdhury
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367
| | - Shahrear Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367
| | - Emma J Ciccarelli
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367.,PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY 10016
| | - Tina L Gumienny
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204
| | - Cathy Savage-Dunn
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367.,PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY 10016
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fabrication of sharp silicon arrays to wound Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3581. [PMID: 32108170 PMCID: PMC7046703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how animals respond to injury and how wounds heal remains a challenge. These questions can be addressed using genetically tractable animals, including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Given its small size, the current methods for inflicting wounds in a controlled manner are demanding. To facilitate and accelerate the procedure, we fabricated regular arrays of pyramidal features ("pins”) sharp enough to pierce the tough nematode cuticle. The pyramids were made from monocrystalline silicon wafers that were micro-structured using optical lithography and alkaline wet etching. The fabrication protocol and the geometry of the pins, determined by electron microscopy, are described in detail. We also used electron microscopy to characterize the different types of injury caused by these pins. Upon wounding, C. elegans expresses genes encoding antimicrobial peptides. A comparison of the induction of antimicrobial peptide gene expression using traditional needles and the pin arrays demonstrates the utility of this new method.
Collapse
|
41
|
Essmann CL, Martinez-Martinez D, Pryor R, Leung KY, Krishnan KB, Lui PP, Greene NDE, Brown AEX, Pawar VM, Srinivasan MA, Cabreiro F. Mechanical properties measured by atomic force microscopy define health biomarkers in ageing C. elegans. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1043. [PMID: 32098962 PMCID: PMC7042263 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors are key drivers regulating organismal lifespan but how these impact healthspan is less well understood. Techniques capturing biomechanical properties of tissues on a nano-scale level are providing new insights into disease mechanisms. Here, we apply Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to quantitatively measure the change in biomechanical properties associated with ageing Caenorhabditis elegans in addition to capturing high-resolution topographical images of cuticle senescence. We show that distinct dietary restriction regimes and genetic pathways that increase lifespan lead to radically different healthspan outcomes. Hence, our data support the view that prolonged lifespan does not always coincide with extended healthspan. Importantly, we identify the insulin signalling pathway in C. elegans and interventions altering bacterial physiology as increasing both lifespan and healthspan. Overall, AFM provides a highly sensitive technique to measure organismal biomechanical fitness and delivers an approach to screen for health-improving conditions, an essential step towards healthy ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara L Essmann
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, Engineering Building, Malet Place, London, WC1E 7JG, UK.
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and Birkbeck, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Daniel Martinez-Martinez
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rosina Pryor
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and Birkbeck, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kit-Yi Leung
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Kalaivani Bala Krishnan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and Birkbeck, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Prudence Pokway Lui
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and Birkbeck, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nicholas D E Greene
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - André E X Brown
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Vijay M Pawar
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, Engineering Building, Malet Place, London, WC1E 7JG, UK
| | - Mandayam A Srinivasan
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, Engineering Building, Malet Place, London, WC1E 7JG, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Filipe Cabreiro
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and Birkbeck, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Miao R, Li M, Zhang Q, Yang C, Wang X. An ECM-to-Nucleus Signaling Pathway Activates Lysosomes for C. elegans Larval Development. Dev Cell 2020; 52:21-37.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
43
|
Serrano-Saiz E, Vogt MC, Levy S, Wang Y, Kaczmarczyk KK, Mei X, Bai G, Singson A, Grant BD, Hobert O. SLC17A6/7/8 Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Homologs in Nematodes. Genetics 2020; 214:163-178. [PMID: 31776169 PMCID: PMC6944403 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the superfamily of solute carrier (SLC) transmembrane proteins transport diverse substrates across distinct cellular membranes. Three SLC protein families transport distinct neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles to enable synaptic transmission in the nervous system. Among them is the SLC17A6/7/8 family of vesicular glutamate transporters, which endows specific neuronal cell types with the ability to use glutamate as a neurotransmitter. The genome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans encodes three SLC17A6/7/8 family members, one of which, eat-4/VGLUT, has been shown to be involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission. Here, we describe our analysis of the two remaining, previously uncharacterized SLC17A6/7/8 family members, vglu-2 and vglu-3 These two genes directly neighbor one another and are the result of a recent gene duplication event in C. elegans, but not in other Caenorhabditis species. Compared to EAT-4, the VGLU-2 and VGLU-3 protein sequences display a more distant similarity to canonical, vertebrate VGLUT proteins. We tagged both genomic loci with gfp and detected no expression of vglu-3 at any stage of development in any cell type of both C. elegans sexes. In contrast, vglu-2::gfp is dynamically expressed in a restricted set of distinct cell types. Within the nervous system, vglu-2::gfp is exclusively expressed in a single interneuron class, AIA, where it localizes to vesicular structures in the soma, but not along the axon, suggesting that VGLU-2 may not be involved in synaptic transport of glutamate. Nevertheless, vglu-2 mutants are partly defective in the function of the AIA neuron in olfactory behavior. Outside the nervous system, VGLU-2 is expressed in collagen secreting skin cells where VGLU-2 most prominently localizes to early endosomes, and to a lesser degree to apical clathrin-coated pits, the trans-Golgi network, and late endosomes. On early endosomes, VGLU-2 colocalizes most strongly with the recycling promoting factor SNX-1, a retromer component. Loss of vglu-2 affects the permeability of the collagen-containing cuticle of the worm, and based on the function of a vertebrate VGLUT1 protein in osteoclasts, we speculate that vglu-2 may have a role in collagen trafficking in the skin. We conclude that C. elegans SLC17A6/7/8 family members have diverse functions within and outside the nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Serrano-Saiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York 10027
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Merly C Vogt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York 10027
| | - Sagi Levy
- Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Karolina K Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York 10027
| | - Xue Mei
- Waksman Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Ge Bai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Andrew Singson
- Waksman Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Barth D Grant
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Oliver Hobert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York 10027
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Optimizing and Evaluating the Antihelminthic Activity of the Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Against the Ascaridid Nematode, Parascaris equorum In Vitro. Acta Parasitol 2019; 64:873-886. [PMID: 31478140 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, the effect of different biocompatible concentrations from ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the physiological state and surface topography of the nematode P. equorum was determined in vitro. METHODS Different concentrations of ZnO NPs (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/l) synthesized using the egg white were prepared followed by the incubation of parasitic worms with these concentrations in vitro. The physiological state of treated worms such as oxidative stress markers, enzymatic activities and biochemical parameters in addition to the surface topography was determined and compared with control untreated worms. RESULTS In comparison to control worms, it was observed that at high concentrations of ZnO NPs, most of the treated worms showed an increase in the levels of ALT, AST and ALP (worm muscle damage, and gonad injury); enhancement of the total protein content (worm cellular dysfunction); significant increase in MDA level (free radical-mediated worm cell membrane damage); depletion in GST and GSH activities (reduced ability to clear toxic compounds like lipid peroxides); CAT depletion (superoxide dismutase and hydrogen peroxide toxicity) and NO increase (detoxification activity and stressful conditions on worms). SEM showed that there was a modified morphological appearance in the surface of treated worms; lips were wrinkled with irregularly arranged denticles, weathering of cuticle, bursts of cuticle layers, disruption of surface annulations and erosion of surface papillae of male around the cloacal opening. CONCLUSION ZnO NPs at environmentally relevant concentrations achieved a significant antihelminthic activity against P. equorum which represents a successful model used in parasite control experiments.
Collapse
|
45
|
Ansaloni F, Scarpato M, Di Schiavi E, Gustincich S, Sanges R. Exploratory analysis of transposable elements expression in the C. elegans early embryo. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:484. [PMID: 31757208 PMCID: PMC6873666 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transposable Elements (TE) are mobile sequences that make up large portions of eukaryote genomes. The functions they play within the complex cellular architecture are still not clearly understood, but it is becoming evident that TE have a role in several physiological and pathological processes. In particular, it has been shown that TE transcription is necessary for the correct development of mice embryos and that their expression is able to finely modulate transcription of coding and non-coding genes. Moreover, their activity in the central nervous system (CNS) and other tissues has been correlated with the creation of somatic mosaicisms and with pathologies such as neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancers. RESULTS We analyzed TE expression among different cell types of the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) early embryo asking if, where and when TE are expressed and whether their expression is correlated with genes playing a role in early embryo development. To answer these questions, we took advantage of a public C. elegans embryonic single-cell RNA-seq (sc-RNAseq) dataset and developed a bioinformatics pipeline able to quantify reads mapping specifically against TE, avoiding counting reads mapping on TE fragments embedded in coding/non-coding transcripts. Our results suggest that i) canonical TE expression analysis tools, which do not discard reads mapping on TE fragments embedded in annotated transcripts, may over-estimate TE expression levels, ii) Long Terminal Repeats (LTR) elements are mostly expressed in undifferentiated cells and might play a role in pluripotency maintenance and activation of the innate immune response, iii) non-LTR are expressed in differentiated cells, in particular in neurons and nervous system-associated tissues, and iv) DNA TE are homogenously expressed throughout the C. elegans early embryo development. CONCLUSIONS TE expression appears finely modulated in the C. elegans early embryo and different TE classes are expressed in different cell types and stages, suggesting that TE might play diverse functions during early embryo development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ansaloni
- Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Margherita Scarpato
- Central RNA Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Elia Di Schiavi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Gustincich
- Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- Central RNA Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Remo Sanges
- Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Van de Walle P, Geens E, Baggerman G, José Naranjo-Galindo F, Askjaer P, Schoofs L, Temmerman L. CEH-60/PBX regulates vitellogenesis and cuticle permeability through intestinal interaction with UNC-62/MEIS in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000499. [PMID: 31675356 PMCID: PMC6824563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of sexual maturity involves dramatic changes in physiology and gene expression in many animals. These include abundant yolk protein production in egg-laying species, an energetically costly process under extensive transcriptional control. Here, we used the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to provide evidence for the spatiotemporally defined interaction of two evolutionarily conserved transcription factors, CEH-60/PBX and UNC-62/MEIS, acting as a gateway to yolk protein production. Via proteomics, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), and biochemical and functional readouts, we show that this interaction occurs in the intestine of animals at the onset of sexual maturity and suffices to support the reproductive program. Our electron micrographs and functional assays provide evidence that intestinal PBX/MEIS cooperation drives another process that depends on lipid mobilization: the formation of an impermeable epicuticle. Without this lipid-rich protective layer, mutant animals are hypersensitive to exogenous oxidative stress and are poor partners for mating. Dedicated communication between the hypodermis and intestine in C. elegans likely supports these physiological outcomes, and we propose a fundamental role for the conserved PBX/MEIS interaction in multicellular signaling networks that rely on lipid homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Van de Walle
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Geens
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Baggerman
- Centre for Proteomics (CFP), University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- VITO, Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Peter Askjaer
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Liliane Schoofs
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Temmerman
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Teo E, Ravi S, Barardo D, Kim HS, Fong S, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Tan TY, Ching J, Kovalik JP, Wenk MR, Gunawan R, Moore PK, Halliwell B, Tolwinski N, Gruber J. Metabolic stress is a primary pathogenic event in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing pan-neuronal human amyloid beta. eLife 2019; 8:50069. [PMID: 31610847 PMCID: PMC6794093 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease affecting the elderly worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed as a key event in the etiology of AD. We have previously modeled amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain by expressing human Aβ peptide specifically in neurons (GRU102). Here, we focus on the deeper metabolic changes associated with this Aβ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Integrating metabolomics, transcriptomics and computational modeling, we identify alterations in Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle metabolism following even low-level Aβ expression. In particular, GRU102 showed reduced activity of a rate-limiting TCA cycle enzyme, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. These defects were associated with elevation of protein carbonyl content specifically in mitochondria. Importantly, metabolic failure occurred before any significant increase in global protein aggregate was detectable. Treatment with an anti-diabetes drug, Metformin, reversed Aβ-induced metabolic defects, reduced protein aggregation and normalized lifespan of GRU102. Our results point to metabolic dysfunction as an early and causative event in Aβ-induced pathology and a promising target for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emelyne Teo
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudharshan Ravi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diogo Barardo
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheng Fong
- Geriatric Medicine Senior Residency Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tsze Yin Tan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianhong Ching
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-Paul Kovalik
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rudiyanto Gunawan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, United States
| | - Philip K Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jan Gruber
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lipodisqs for eukaryote lipidomics with retention of viability: Sensitivity and resistance to Leucobacter infection linked to C.elegans cuticle composition. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 222:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
49
|
Wu T, Xu H, Liang X, Tang M. Caenorhabditis elegans as a complete model organism for biosafety assessments of nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:708-726. [PMID: 30677729 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The number of biosafety evaluation studies of nanoparticles (NPs) using different biological models is increasing with the rapid development of nanotechnology. Thus far, nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), as a complete model organism, has become an important in vivo alternative assay system to assess the risk of NPs, especially at the environmental level. According to results of qualitative and quantitative analyses, it can be concluded that studies of nanoscientific research using C. elegans is persistently growing. However, the comprehensive conclusion and analysis of toxic effects of NPs in C. elegans are limited and chaotic. This review focused on the effects, especially sublethal ones, induced by NPs in C. elegans, including the development, intestinal function, immune response, neuronal function, and reproduction, as well as the underlying mechanisms of NPs causing these effects, including oxidative stress and alterations of several signaling pathways. Furthermore, we presented some factors that influence the toxic effects of NPs in C. elegans. The advantages and limitations of using nematodes in the nanotoxicology study were also discussed. Finally, we predicted that the application of C. elegans to assess long-term impacts of metal oxide NPs in the ecosystem would become a vital part of the nanoscientific research field, which provided an insight for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Hongsheng Xu
- State Grid Electric Power Research Institute, NARI Group Corporation, Nanjing, 211000, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kim JD, Chun AY, Mangan RJ, Brown G, Mourao Pacheco B, Doyle H, Leonard A, El Bejjani R. A conserved retromer-independent function for RAB-6.2 in C. elegans epidermis integrity. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.223586. [PMID: 30665892 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.223586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab proteins are conserved small GTPases that coordinate intracellular trafficking essential to cellular function and homeostasis. RAB-6.2 is a highly conserved C. elegans ortholog of human RAB6 proteins. RAB-6.2 is expressed in most tissues in C. elegans and is known to function in neurons and in the intestine to mediate retrograde trafficking. Here, we show that RAB-6.2 is necessary for cuticle integrity and impermeability in C. elegans RAB-6.2 functions in the epidermis to instruct skin integrity. Significantly, we show that expression of a mouse RAB6A cDNA can rescue defects in C. elegans epidermis caused by lack of RAB-6.2, suggesting functional conservation across phyla. We also show that the novel function of RAB-6.2 in C. elegans cuticle development is distinct from its previously described function in neurons. Exocyst mutants partially phenocopy rab-6.2-null animals, and rab-6.2-null animals phenocopy mutants that have defective surface glycosylation. These results suggest that RAB-6.2 may mediate the trafficking of one or many secreted glycosylated cuticle proteins directly, or might act indirectly by trafficking glycosylation enzymes to their correct intracellular localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Kim
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - Andy Y Chun
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - Riley J Mangan
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - George Brown
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | | | - Hannah Doyle
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - Austin Leonard
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|