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Das D, Huang SH, Weng CL, Yu CH, Hsu CK, Lee YC, Cheng HC, Chuang HS. Detachable acoustofluidic droplet-sorter. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1321:343043. [PMID: 39155105 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.343043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell sorting is crucial in isolating specific cell populations. It enables detailed analysis of their functions and characteristics and plays a vital role in disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is considered the gold standard for high-speed single-cell sorting. However, its high cost, complex instrumentation, and lack of portability are significant limitations. Additionally, the high pressure and electric fields used in FACS can harm cell integrity. In this work, an acoustofluidic device was developed in combination with surface acoustic wave (SAW) and droplet microfluidics to isolate single-cell droplets with high purity while maintaining high cell viability. RESULT Human embryonic kidney cells, transfected with fluorescent reporter plasmids, were used to demonstrate the targeted droplet sorting containing single cells. The acoustofluidic sorter achieved a recovery rate of 81 % and an accuracy rate higher than 97 %. The device maintained a cell viability rate of 95 % and demonstrated repeatability over 20 consecutive trials without compromising efficiency, thus underscoring its reliability. Thermal image analysis revealed that the temperature of the interdigital transducer (IDT) during SAW operation remained within the permissible range for maintaining cell viability. SIGNIFICANCE The findings highlighted the sensitivity and effectiveness of the developed acoustofluidic device as a tool for single-cell sorting. The detachable microfluidic chip design enables the reusability of the expensive IDT, making it cost-effective and reducing the risk of cross-contamination between different biological samples. The results underscore its capability to accurately isolate individual cells on the basis of specific criteria, showcasing its potential to advance research and clinical applications requiring precise cell sorting methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubajyoti Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Choa-Li Weng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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2
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Lin H, Li B, Guo J, Mai X, Yu H, Pan W, Wu B, Liu W, Zhong M, Liao T, Zhang Y, Situ B, Yan X, Liu Y, Liu C, Zheng L. Simultaneous detection of membrane protein and mRNA at single extracellular vesicle level by droplet microfluidics for cancer diagnosis. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00369-2. [PMID: 39197817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Simultaneous detection of proteins and mRNA within a single extracellular vesicle (EV) enables comprehensive analysis of specific EVs subpopulations, significantly advancing cancer diagnostics. However, developing a sensitive and user-friendly approach for simultaneously detecting multidimensional biomarkers in single EV is still challenging. OBJECTIVES To facilitate the analysis of multidimensional biomarkers in EVs and boost its clinical application, we present a versatile droplet digital system facilitating the concurrent detection of membrane proteins and mRNA at the single EV level with high sensitivity and specificity. METHODS The antibody-DNA conjugates were firstly prepared for EVs protein biomarkers recognition and signal transformation. Coupling with the assembled triplex droplet digital PCR system, a versatile droplet digital analysis assay for simultaneous detection of membrane protein and mRNA at a single EV level was developed. RESULTS Our new droplet digital system displayed high sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, its clinical application was validated in a breast cancer cohort. As expected, this assay has demonstrated superior performance in distinguishing breast cancer from healthy individuals and benign controls through combined detection of EVs protein and mRNA markers compared to any single kind marker detections, especially for patients with breast cancer at early stage (AUC=0.9229). CONCLUSION Consequently, this study proposes a promising strategy for accurately identifying and analyzing specific EV subgroups through the co-detection of proteins and mRNA at the single EV level, holding significant potential for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jingyun Guo
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xueying Mai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weilun Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bodeng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mingzhen Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tong Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bo Situ
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Medical Research Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Chunchen Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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3
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Ma L, Zhao X, Hou J, Huang L, Yao Y, Ding Z, Wei J, Hao N. Droplet Microfluidic Devices: Working Principles, Fabrication Methods, and Scale-Up Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301406. [PMID: 38594964 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Compared with the conventional emulsification method, droplets generated within microfluidic devices exhibit distinct advantages such as precise control of fluids, exceptional monodispersity, uniform morphology, flexible manipulation, and narrow size distribution. These inherent benefits, including intrinsic safety, excellent heat and mass transfer capabilities, and large surface-to-volume ratio, have led to the widespread applications of droplet-based microfluidics across diverse fields, encompassing chemical engineering, particle synthesis, biological detection, diagnostics, emulsion preparation, and pharmaceuticals. However, despite its promising potential for versatile applications, the practical utilization of this technology in commercial and industrial is extremely limited to the inherently low production rates achievable within a single microchannel. Over the past two decades, droplet-based microfluidics has evolved significantly, considerably transitioning from a proof-of-concept stage to industrialization. And now there is a growing trend towards translating academic research into commercial and industrial applications, primarily driven by the burgeoning demands of various fields. This paper comprehensively reviews recent advancements in droplet-based microfluidics, covering the fundamental working principles and the critical aspect of scale-up integration from working principles to scale-up integration. Based on the existing scale-up strategies, the paper also outlines the future research directions, identifies the potential opportunities, and addresses the typical unsolved challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jinjia Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Nanjing Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
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Puravankara V, Manjeri A, Kulkarni MM, Kitahama Y, Goda K, Dwivedi PK, George SD. A Wettability Contrast SERS Droplet Assay for Multiplexed Analyte Detection. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9141-9150. [PMID: 38779970 PMCID: PMC11154665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Droplet assay platforms have emerged as a significant methodology, providing distinct advantages such as sample compartmentalization, high throughput, and minimal analyte consumption. However, inherent complexities, especially in multiplexed detection, remain a challenge. We demonstrate a novel strategy to fabricate a plasmonic droplet assay platform (PDAP) for multiplexed analyte detection, enabling surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). PDAP efficiently splits a microliter droplet into submicroliter to nanoliter droplets under gravity-driven flow by wettability contrast between two distinct regions. The desired hydrophobicity and adhesive contrast between the silicone oil-grafted nonadhesive hydrophilic zone with gold nanoparticles is attained through (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) functionalization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using a scotch-tape mask. The wettability contrast surface facilitates the splitting of aqueous droplets with various surface tensions (ranging from 39.08 to 72 mN/m) into ultralow volumes of nanoliters. The developed PDAP was used for the multiplexed detection of Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) and Crystal Violet (CV) dyes. The limit of detection for 120 nL droplet using PDAP was found to be 134 pM and 10.1 nM for Rh6G and CV, respectively. These results align with those from previously reported platforms, highlighting the comparable sensitivity of the developed PDAP. We have also demonstrated the competence of PDAP by testing adulterant spiked milk and obtained very good sensitivity. Thus, PDAP has the potential to be used for the multiplexed screening of food adulterants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeth Puravankara
- Centre
for Applied Nanosciences (CAN), Department of Atomic and Molecular
Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Aravind Manjeri
- Centre
for Applied Nanosciences (CAN), Department of Atomic and Molecular
Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Manish M. Kulkarni
- Centre
for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Yasutaka Kitahama
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Prabhat K. Dwivedi
- Centre
for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sajan D. George
- Centre
for Applied Nanosciences (CAN), Department of Atomic and Molecular
Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
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Besanjideh M, Rezaeian M, Shamloo A, Hannani SK. Simple Method for On-Demand Droplet Trapping in a Microfluidic Device Based on the Concept of Hydrodynamic Resistance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9406-9413. [PMID: 38652798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate an innovative method to catch the desired droplets from a train of droplets and immobilize them in traps located in an integrated microfluidic device. To this end, water-in-oil droplets are generated in a flow-focusing junction and then guided to a channel connected to chambers designated for on-demand droplet trapping. Each chamber is connected to a side channel through a batch of microposts. The side channels are also connected to the flexible poly(vinyl chloride) tubes, which can be closed by attaching binder clips. The hydrodynamic resistance of the routes in the device can be changed by opening and closing the binder clips. In this way, droplets are easily guided into individual traps based on the user's demand. A set of numerical simulations was also conducted to investigate the authenticity of the employed idea and to find the optimal geometry for implementing our strategy. This simple method can be easily employed for on-demand droplet trapping without using on-chip valves or complex off-chip actuators proposed in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Besanjideh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
| | - Masoud Rezaeian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
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Saupe M, Wiedemeier S, Gastrock G, Römer R, Lemke K. Flexible Toolbox of High-Precision Microfluidic Modules for Versatile Droplet-Based Applications. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:250. [PMID: 38398978 PMCID: PMC10891953 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Although the enormous potential of droplet-based microfluidics has been successfully demonstrated in the past two decades for medical, pharmaceutical, and academic applications, its inherent potential has not been fully exploited until now. Nevertheless, the cultivation of biological cells and 3D cell structures like spheroids and organoids, located in serially arranged droplets in micro-channels, has a range of benefits compared to established cultivation techniques based on, e.g., microplates and microchips. To exploit the enormous potential of the droplet-based cell cultivation technique, a number of basic functions have to be fulfilled. In this paper, we describe microfluidic modules to realize the following basic functions with high precision: (i) droplet generation, (ii) mixing of cell suspensions and cell culture media in the droplets, (iii) droplet content detection, and (iv) active fluid injection into serially arranged droplets. The robustness of the functionality of the Two-Fluid Probe is further investigated regarding its droplet generation using different flow rates. Advantages and disadvantages in comparison to chip-based solutions are discussed. New chip-based modules like the gradient, the piezo valve-based conditioning, the analysis, and the microscopy module are characterized in detail and their high-precision functionalities are demonstrated. These microfluidic modules are micro-machined, and as the surfaces of their micro-channels are plasma-treated, we are able to perform cell cultivation experiments using any kind of cell culture media, but without needing to use surfactants. This is even more considerable when droplets are used to investigate cell cultures like stem cells or cancer cells as cell suspensions, as 3D cell structures, or as tissue fragments over days or even weeks for versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Saupe
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques e.V., 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany; (S.W.); (G.G.); (R.R.); (K.L.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Microreaction Technologies, Technical University of Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiedemeier
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques e.V., 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany; (S.W.); (G.G.); (R.R.); (K.L.)
| | - Gunter Gastrock
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques e.V., 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany; (S.W.); (G.G.); (R.R.); (K.L.)
| | - Robert Römer
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques e.V., 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany; (S.W.); (G.G.); (R.R.); (K.L.)
| | - Karen Lemke
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques e.V., 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany; (S.W.); (G.G.); (R.R.); (K.L.)
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7
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Shi M, Nan XR, Liu BQ. The Multifaceted Role of FUT8 in Tumorigenesis: From Pathways to Potential Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1068. [PMID: 38256141 PMCID: PMC10815953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
FUT8, the sole glycosyltransferase responsible for N-glycan core fucosylation, plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and development. Aberrant FUT8 expression disrupts the function of critical cellular components and triggers the abnormality of tumor signaling pathways, leading to malignant transformations such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression. The association between FUT8 and unfavorable outcomes in various tumors underscores its potential as a valuable diagnostic marker. Given the remarkable variation in biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of FUT8 across different tumor types, gaining a comprehensive understanding of its complexity is imperative. Here, we review how FUT8 plays roles in tumorigenesis and development, and how this outcome could be utilized to develop potential clinical therapies for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bao-Qin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (M.S.); (X.-R.N.)
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Zhang Y, Lin Y, Hong X, Di C, Xin Y, Wang X, Qi S, Liu BF, Zhang Z, Du W. Demand-driven active droplet generation and sorting based on positive pressure-controlled fluid wall. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5311-5322. [PMID: 37392212 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics is a rapidly advancing area of microfluidic technology, which offers numerous advantages for cell analysis, such as isolation and accumulation of signals, by confining cells within droplets. However, controlling cell numbers in droplets is challenging due to the uncertainty of random encapsulation which result in many empty droplets. Therefore, more precise control techniques are needed to achieve efficient encapsulation of cells within droplets. Here, an innovative microfluidic droplet manipulation platform had been developed, which employed positive pressure as a stable and controllable driving force for manipulating fluid within chips. The air cylinder, electro-pneumatics proportional valve, and the microfluidic chip were connected through a capillary, which enabled the formation of a fluid wall by creating a difference in hydrodynamic resistance between two fluid streams at the channel junction. Lowering the pressure of the driving oil phase eliminates hydrodynamic resistance and breaks the fluid wall. Regulating the duration of the fluid wall breakage controls the volume of the introduced fluid. Several important droplet microfluidic manipulations were demonstrated on this microfluidic platform, such as sorting of cells/droplets, sorting of droplets co-encapsulated cells and hydrogels, and active generation of droplets encapsulated with cells in a responsive manner. The simple, on-demand microfluidic platform was featured with high stability, good controllability, and compatibility with other droplet microfluidic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Lin
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xianzhe Hong
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Di
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuelai Xin
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shuhong Qi
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Monserrat Lopez D, Rottmann P, Puebla-Hellmann G, Drechsler U, Mayor M, Panke S, Fussenegger M, Lörtscher E. Direct electrification of silicon microfluidics for electric field applications. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:81. [PMID: 37342556 PMCID: PMC10277806 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00552-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems are widely used in fundamental research and industrial applications due to their unique behavior, enhanced control, and manipulation opportunities of liquids in constrained geometries. In micrometer-sized channels, electric fields are efficient mechanisms for manipulating liquids, leading to deflection, injection, poration or electrochemical modification of cells and droplets. While PDMS-based microfluidic devices are used due to their inexpensive fabrication, they are limited in terms of electrode integration. Using silicon as the channel material, microfabrication techniques can be used to create nearby electrodes. Despite the advantages that silicon provides, its opacity has prevented its usage in most important microfluidic applications that need optical access. To overcome this barrier, silicon-on-insulator technology in microfluidics is introduced to create optical viewports and channel-interfacing electrodes. More specifically, the microfluidic channel walls are directly electrified via selective, nanoscale etching to introduce insulation segments inside the silicon device layer, thereby achieving the most homogeneous electric field distributions and lowest operation voltages feasible across microfluidic channels. These ideal electrostatic conditions enable a drastic energy reduction, as effectively shown via picoinjection and fluorescence-activated droplet sorting applications at voltages below 6 and 15 V, respectively, facilitating low-voltage electric field applications in next-generation microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Monserrat Lopez
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Rottmann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Puebla-Hellmann
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ute Drechsler
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sven Panke
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Faculty of Life Science, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Lörtscher
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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10
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Chen F, Hu Q, Li H, Xie Y, Xiu L, Zhang Y, Guo X, Yin K. Multiplex Detection of Infectious Diseases on Microfluidic Platforms. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13030410. [PMID: 36979622 PMCID: PMC10046538 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases contribute significantly to the global disease burden. Sensitive and accurate screening methods are some of the most effective means of identifying sources of infection and controlling infectivity. Conventional detecting strategies such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), DNA sequencing, and mass spectrometry typically require bulky equipment and well-trained personnel. Therefore, mass screening of a large population using conventional strategies during pandemic periods often requires additional manpower, resources, and time, which cannot be guaranteed in resource-limited settings. Recently, emerging microfluidic technologies have shown the potential to replace conventional methods in performing point-of-care detection because they are automated, miniaturized, and integrated. By exploiting the spatial separation of detection sites, microfluidic platforms can enable the multiplex detection of infectious diseases to reduce the possibility of misdiagnosis and incomplete diagnosis of infectious diseases with similar symptoms. This review presents the recent advances in microfluidic platforms used for multiplex detection of infectious diseases, including microfluidic immunosensors and microfluidic nucleic acid sensors. As representative microfluidic platforms, lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) platforms, polymer-based chips, paper-based devices, and droplet-based devices will be discussed in detail. In addition, the current challenges, commercialization, and prospects are proposed to promote the application of microfluidic platforms in infectious disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Chen
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai 200025, China
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University—The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qinqin Hu
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai 200025, China
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University—The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Huimin Li
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai 200025, China
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University—The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi Xie
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai 200025, China
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University—The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Leshan Xiu
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai 200025, China
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University—The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgery Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai 200025, China
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University—The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Kun Yin
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai 200025, China
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University—The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
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11
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Hao S, Xie Z, Yang W, Zhang L, Wang W, Kou J, Wu F, Fan J. Wetting-State-Induced Turning of Water Droplet Moving Direction on the Surface. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2182-2189. [PMID: 36728518 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous directional movement of water droplets on a wedge-shaped groove has gained extensive attention due to the advantage of not requiring energy input and its potential wide applications. However, manipulating the direction of movement of water droplets on a wedge-shaped groove has been not fully achieved, and the fundamental understanding of its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical analyses are combined to reveal the mechanism of movement in opposite directions of a water droplet at the same position on the wedge-shaped groove interface. It is shown that the moving direction of the water droplet is related to its wetting state on the surface, i.e., the Wenzel and the Cassie states. A water droplet initially in the Wenzel and Cassie states will move toward the diverging and the converging ends, respectively. This phenomenon is attributed to the opposite roles played by the groove substrate and the upper layers in the two wetting states. Moreover, it is found that the water droplet is likely to move faster on a surface with a higher groove, larger opening angle and stronger hydrophobicity. These findings are expected to be of benefit for fully understanding droplet movement and shedding light on the regulation of the direction of movement of the droplets on the groove surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqian Hao
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devicces, and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua321004, China
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan030006, China
| | - Zhang Xie
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devicces, and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua321004, China
| | - Wenxin Yang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China and
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China and
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devicces, and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua321004, China
| | - Jianlong Kou
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devicces, and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua321004, China
| | - Fengmin Wu
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devicces, and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua321004, China
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan030006, China
| | - Jintu Fan
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853-4401, United States
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12
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Li P, Xiong H, Yang B, Jiang X, Kong J, Fang X. Recent progress in CRISPR-based microfluidic assays and applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Talebjedi B, Abouei Mehrizi A, Talebjedi B, Mohseni SS, Tasnim N, Hoorfar M. Machine Learning-Aided Microdroplets Breakup Characteristic Prediction in Flow-Focusing Microdevices by Incorporating Variations of Cross-Flow Tilt Angles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:10465-10477. [PMID: 35973231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlling droplet breakup characteristics such as size, frequency, regime, and droplet quality within flow-focusing microfluidic devices is critical for different biomedical applications of droplet microfluidics such as drug delivery, biosensing, and nanomaterial preparation. The development of a prediction platform capable of forecasting droplet breakup characteristics can significantly improve the iterative design and fabrication processes required for achieving desired performance. The present study aims to develop a multipurpose platform capable of predicting the working conditions of user-specific droplet size and frequency and reporting the quality of the generated droplets, regime, and hydrodynamical breakup characteristics in flow-focusing microdevices with different cross-junction tilt angles. Four different neural network-based prediction platforms were compared to accurately estimate capsule size, generation rate, uniformity, and circle metric. The trained capsule size and frequency networks were optimized using the heuristic optimization approach for establishing the Pareto optimal solution plot. To investigate the transition of the droplet generation regime (i.e., squeezing, dripping, and jetting), two different classification models (LDA and MLP) were developed and compared in terms of their prediction accuracy. The MLP model outperformed the LDA model with a cross-validation measure evaluated as 97.85%, demonstrating that the droplet quality and regime prediction models can provide an engineering judgment for the decision maker to choose between the suggested solutions on the Pareto front. The study followed a comprehensive hydrodynamical analysis of the junction angle effect on the dispersed thread formation, pressure, and velocity domains in the orifice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Talebjedi
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
| | - Ali Abouei Mehrizi
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
| | - Behnam Talebjedi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Seyed Sepehr Mohseni
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
- Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
- Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
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14
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Curtin K, Fike BJ, Binkley B, Godary T, Li P. Recent Advances in Digital Biosensing Technology. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090673. [PMID: 36140058 PMCID: PMC9496261 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Digital biosensing assays demonstrate remarkable advantages over conventional biosensing systems because of their ability to achieve single-molecule detection and absolute quantification. Unlike traditional low-abundance biomarking screening, digital-based biosensing systems reduce sample volumes significantly to the fL-nL level, which vastly reduces overall reagent consumption, improves reaction time and throughput, and enables high sensitivity and single target detection. This review presents the current technology for compartmentalizing reactions and their applications in detecting proteins and nucleic acids. We also analyze existing challenges and future opportunities associated with digital biosensing and research opportunities for developing integrated digital biosensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Curtin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Bethany J. Fike
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Brandi Binkley
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Toktam Godary
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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Li H, Chen R, Zhu X, Ye D, Yang Y, Li W, Li D, Liao Q. Light Controlled 3D Crystal Morphology for Droplet Evaporative Crystallization on Photosensitive Hydrophobic Substrate. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5910-5917. [PMID: 35730790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlling crystal morphology is crucial in analytical chemistry and smart materials synthesis, etc. However, flexible manipulation of 3D crystal morphology still remains challenging. Herein, we present a novel and facile light strategy for droplet evaporative crystallization to manipulate macroscopic crystal morphology on photosensitive hydrophobic substrate possessing photothermal conversion property. We demonstrate that the spherical coronal shell and alms bowl-like crystal skeletons can be achieved on smooth photosensitive hydrophobic substrate, depending on the salt concentration. Rough photosensitive hydrophobic substrate further creates a bubble-assisted light strategy, by which a cylindrical shell-like crystal skeleton with a directionally controllable cavity is achieved. Amazingly, the proper additive endows droplet evaporative crystallization to form a closed crystal skeleton with the solution wrapped inside. The present study provides new ideas for designing a novel optical droplet microfluidic platform for controlling crystal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Dingding Ye
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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16
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Leirs K, Dal Dosso F, Perez-Ruiz E, Decrop D, Cops R, Huff J, Hayden M, Collier N, Yu KXZ, Brown S, Lammertyn J. Bridging the Gap between Digital Assays and Point-of-Care Testing: Automated, Low Cost, and Ultrasensitive Detection of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8919-8927. [PMID: 35687534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Medical diagnostics is moving toward disease-related target detection at very low concentrations because of the (1) quest for early-stage diagnosis, at a point where only limited target amounts are present, (2) trend toward minimally invasive sample extraction, yielding samples containing low concentrations of target, and (3) need for straightforward sample collection, usually resulting in limited volume collected. Hence, diagnostic tools allowing ultrasensitive target detection at the point-of-care (POC) are crucial for simplified and timely diagnosis of many illnesses. Therefore, we developed an innovative, fully integrated, semi-automated, and economically viable platform based on (1) digital microfluidics (DMF), enabling automated manipulation and analysis of very low sample volumes and (2) low-cost disposable DMF chips with microwell arrays, fabricated via roll-to-roll processes and allowing digital target counting. Thyroid stimulating hormone detection was chosen as a relevant application to show the potential of the system. The assay buffer was selected using design of experiments, and the assay was optimized in terms of reagent concentration and incubation time toward maximum sensitivity. The hydrophobic-in-hydrophobic microwells showed an unparalleled seeding efficiency of 97.6% ± 0.6%. A calculated LOD of 0.0013 μIU/mL was obtained, showing the great potential of the platform, especially taking into account the very low sample volume analyzed (1.1 μL). Although validation (in biological matrix) and industrialization (full automation) steps still need to be taken, it is clear that the combination of DMF, low-cost DMF chips, and digital analyte counting in microwell arrays enables the implementation of ultrasensitive and reliable target detection at the POC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Leirs
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Dal Dosso
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Perez-Ruiz
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deborah Decrop
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Cops
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey Huff
- Diagnostics Division Dept. 0NTA, Bldg. CP-1, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Rd., Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6093, United States
| | - Mark Hayden
- Diagnostics Division Dept. 0NTA, Bldg. CP-1, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Rd., Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6093, United States
| | | | - Karen X Z Yu
- Sagentia, Harston Mill, Harston, Cambridge CB227GG, UK
| | - Stephen Brown
- Sagentia, Harston Mill, Harston, Cambridge CB227GG, UK
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Cole T, Zheng J, Bayinqiaoge, Guo J, Tang SY. Microfluidic flow cytometry for blood-based biomarker analysis. Analyst 2022; 147:2895-2917. [PMID: 35611964 DOI: 10.1039/d2an00283c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry has proven its capability for rapid and quantitative analysis of individual cells and the separation of targeted biological samples from others. The emerging microfluidics technology makes it possible to develop portable microfluidic diagnostic devices for point-of-care testing (POCT) applications. Microfluidic flow cytometry (MFCM), where flow cytometry and microfluidics are combined to achieve similar or even superior functionalities on microfluidic chips, provides a powerful single-cell characterisation and sorting tool for various biological samples. In recent years, researchers have made great progress in the development of the MFCM including focusing, detecting, and sorting subsystems, and its unique capabilities have been demonstrated in various biological applications. Moreover, liquid biopsy using blood can provide various physiological and pathological information. Thus, biomarkers from blood are regarded as meaningful circulating transporters of signal molecules or particles and have great potential to be used as non (or minimally)-invasive diagnostic tools. In this review, we summarise the recent progress of the key subsystems for MFCM and its achievements in blood-based biomarker analysis. Finally, foresight is offered to highlight the research challenges faced by MFCM in expanding into blood-based POCT applications, potentially yielding commercialisation opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Ying Zhao
- National Chengdu Centre of Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tim Cole
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jiahao Zheng
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Bayinqiaoge
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jinhong Guo
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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18
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19
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Nix C, Ghassemi M, Crommen J, Fillet M. Overview on microfluidics devices for monitoring brain disorder biomarkers. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Gervais T, Temiz Y, Aubé L, Delamarche E. Large-Scale Dried Reagent Reconstitution and Diffusion Control Using Microfluidic Self-Coalescence Modules. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105939. [PMID: 35307960 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The positioning and manipulation of large numbers of reagents in small aliquots are paramount to many fields in chemistry and the life sciences, such as combinatorial screening, enzyme activity assays, and point-of-care testing. Here, a capillary microfluidic architecture based on self-coalescence modules capable of storing thousands of dried reagent spots per square centimeter is reported, which can all be reconstituted independently without dispersion using a single pipetting step and ≤5 μL of a solution. A simple diffusion-based mathematical model is also provided to guide the spotting of reagents in this microfluidic architecture at the experimental design stage to enable either compartmentalization, mixing, or the generation of complex multi-reagent chemical patterns. Results demonstrate the formation of chemical patterns with high accuracy and versatility, and simple methods for integrating reagents and imaging the resulting chemical patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gervais
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Rueschlikon, 8803, Switzerland
- Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, H3C 3A7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, H2X0A9, Canada
| | - Yuksel Temiz
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Rueschlikon, 8803, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Aubé
- Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, H3C 3A7, Canada
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21
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Wu M, Zhang C, Tian Z, Xie Q, Lu X, Ning W, Li Y, Duan Y. A universal array platform for ultrasensitive, high-throughput and microvolume detection of heavy metal, nucleic acid and bacteria based on photonic crystals combined with DNA nanomachine. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 197:113731. [PMID: 34768068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of a universal, sensitive, and rapid assay platform to achieve detections of heavy metal, nucleic acid and bacteria is of great significance but it also faces a thorny challenge. Herein, a novel and universal array platform was developed by combining photonic crystals (PCs) and DNA nanomachine. The developed array platform integrated the physical and biological signal amplification ability of PCs and DNA nanomachine, resulting in ultrasensitive detections of Hg2+, DNA, and Shigella sonnei with limits of detection (LODs) of 22.1 ppt, 31.6 fM, and 9 CFU/mL, respectively. More importantly, by utilizing a microplate reader as signal output device, the array achieved high-throughput scanning (96 samples/3 min) with only 2 μL loading sample, which is advantageous for the detection of infectious dangerous targets. In addition, the PCs array could be obtained easily and rapidly based on self-assembly of colloidal nanospheres, and the DNA nanomachine was operated with enzyme-free and time-saving features. Benefiting from these merits, the proposed PCs array offered a powerful universal platform for large-scale detection of various analytes in the fields of pollution monitoring, epidemic control, and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Wu
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chuyan Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ziyi Tian
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiyue Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ning
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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22
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Mathekga BSP, Nxumalo Z, Thimiri Govinda Raj DB. Micro and nanofluidics for high throughput drug screening. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 187:93-120. [PMID: 35094783 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this book chapter, we elaborate on the state-of-the-art technology developments in high throughput screening, microfluidics and nanofluidics. This book chapter further elaborated on the application of microfluidics and nanofluidics for high throughput drug screening with respect to communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases such as cancer. As a future perspective, there is tremendous potential for microfluidics and nanofluidics to be applied in high throughput drug screening which could be applied for various biotechnology applications such as in cancer precision medicine, point-of-care diagnostics and imaging. With the integration of Fourth industrial revolution (4IR) technologies with micro and nanofluidics technologies, it envisioned that such integration along with digital health would enable next generation technology development in medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zandile Nxumalo
- Synthetic Nanobiotechnology and Biomachines Group, Synthetic Biology and Precision Medicine Centre, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Deepak B Thimiri Govinda Raj
- Synthetic Nanobiotechnology and Biomachines Group, Synthetic Biology and Precision Medicine Centre, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa.
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23
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Wan J, Zhou S, Mea HJ, Guo Y, Ku H, Urbina BM. Emerging Roles of Microfluidics in Brain Research: From Cerebral Fluids Manipulation to Brain-on-a-Chip and Neuroelectronic Devices Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7142-7181. [PMID: 35080375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable progress made in the past few decades in brain research enables the manipulation of neuronal activity in single neurons and neural circuits and thus allows the decipherment of relations between nervous systems and behavior. The discovery of glymphatic and lymphatic systems in the brain and the recently unveiled tight relations between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS) further revolutionize our understanding of brain structures and functions. Fundamental questions about how neurons conduct two-way communications with the gut to establish the gut-brain axis (GBA) and interact with essential brain components such as glial cells and blood vessels to regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in health and disease, however, remain. Microfluidics with unparalleled advantages in the control of fluids at microscale has emerged recently as an effective approach to address these critical questions in brain research. The dynamics of cerebral fluids (i.e., blood and CSF) and novel in vitro brain-on-a-chip models and microfluidic-integrated multifunctional neuroelectronic devices, for example, have been investigated. This review starts with a critical discussion of the current understanding of several key topics in brain research such as neurovascular coupling (NVC), glymphatic pathway, and GBA and then interrogates a wide range of microfluidic-based approaches that have been developed or can be improved to advance our fundamental understanding of brain functions. Last, emerging technologies for structuring microfluidic devices and their implications and future directions in brain research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandi Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hing Jii Mea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yaojun Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hansol Ku
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Brianna M Urbina
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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24
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Hsieh K, Mach KE, Zhang P, Liao JC, Wang TH. Combating Antimicrobial Resistance via Single-Cell Diagnostic Technologies Powered by Droplet Microfluidics. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:123-133. [PMID: 34898173 PMCID: PMC10023138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat that if left unchecked could lead to 10 million annual mortalities by 2050. One factor contributing to the rise of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens is the reliance on traditional culture-based pathogen identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) that typically takes several days. This delay of objective pathogen ID and AST information to inform clinical decision making results in clinicians treating patients empirically often using first-line, broad-spectrum antibiotics, contributing to the misuse/overuse of antibiotics. To combat the rise in MDR pathogens, there is a critical demand for rapid ID and AST technologies. Among the advances in ID and AST technologies in the past decade, single-cell diagnostic technologies powered by droplet microfluidics offer great promise due to their potential for high-sensitivity detection and rapid turnaround time. Our laboratory has been at the forefront of developing such technologies and applying them to diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTIs), one of the most common infections and a frequent reason for the prescription of antimicrobials. For pathogen ID, we first demonstrated the highly sensitive, amplification-free detection of single bacterial cells by confining them in picoliter-scale droplets and detection with fluorogenic peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes that target their 16S rRNA (rRNA), a well-characterized marker for phylogenic classification. We subsequently improved the PNA probe design and enhanced detection sensitivity. For single-cell AST, we first employed a growth indicator dye and engineered an integrated device that allows us to detect growth from single bacterial cells under antibiotic exposure within 1 h, equivalent to two to three bacterial replications. To expand beyond testing a single antibiotic condition per device, a common limitation for droplet microfluidics, we developed an integrated programmable droplet microfluidic device for scalable single-cell AST. Using the scalable single-cell AST platform, we demonstrated the generation of up to 32 droplet groups in a single device with custom antibiotic titers and the capacity to scale up single-cell AST, and providing reliable pathogen categories beyond a binary call embodies a critical advance. Finally, we developed an integrated ID and AST platform. To this end, we developed a PNA probe panel that can identify nearly 90% of uropathogens and showed the quantitative detection of 16S rRNA from single bacterial cells in droplet-enabled AST after as little as 10 min of antibiotic exposure. This platform achieved both ID and AST from minimally processed urine samples in 30 min, representing one of the fastest turnaround times to date. In addition to tracing the development of our technologies, we compare them with contemporary research advances and offer our perspectives for future development, with the vision that single-cell ID and AST technologies powered by droplet microfluidics can indeed become a useful diagnostic tool for combating antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen E Mach
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Joseph C Liao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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25
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Cheng H, Yang Q, Wang R, Luo R, Zhu S, Li M, Li W, Chen C, Zou Y, Huang Z, Xie T, Wang S, Zhang H, Tian Q. Emerging Advances of Detection Strategies for Tumor-Derived Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020868. [PMID: 35055057 PMCID: PMC8775838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes derived from tumor cells contain various molecular components, such as proteins, RNA, DNA, lipids, and carbohydrates. These components play a crucial role in all stages of tumorigenesis and development. Moreover, they reflect the physiological and pathological status of parental tumor cells. Recently, tumor-derived exosomes have become popular biomarkers for non-invasive liquid biopsy and the diagnosis of numerous cancers. The interdisciplinary significance of exosomes research has also attracted growing enthusiasm. However, the intrinsic nature of tumor-derived exosomes requires advanced methods to detect and evaluate the complex biofluid. This review analyzes the relationship between exosomes and tumors. It also summarizes the exosomal biological origin, composition, and application of molecular markers in clinical cancer diagnosis. Remarkably, this paper constitutes a comprehensive summary of the innovative research on numerous detection strategies for tumor-derived exosomes with the intent of providing a theoretical basis and reference for early diagnosis and clinical treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ruhua Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Public Health Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China;
| | - Minhui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wenqi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yuqing Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhihua Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Tian Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (H.Z.); (Q.T.)
| | - Honghua Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (H.Z.); (Q.T.)
| | - Qingchang Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (H.Z.); (Q.T.)
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Kerk YJ, Jameel A, Xing X, Zhang C. Recent advances of integrated microfluidic suspension cell culture system. ENGINEERING BIOLOGY 2021; 5:103-119. [PMID: 36970555 PMCID: PMC9996741 DOI: 10.1049/enb2.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic devices with superior microscale fluid manipulation ability and large integration flexibility offer great advantages of high throughput, parallelisation and multifunctional automation. Such features have been extensively utilised to facilitate cell culture processes such as cell capturing and culturing under controllable and monitored conditions for cell-based assays. Incorporating functional components and microfabricated configurations offered different levels of fluid control and cell manipulation strategies to meet diverse culture demands. This review will discuss the advances of single-phase flow and droplet-based integrated microfluidic suspension cell culture systems and their applications for accelerated bioprocess development, high-throughput cell selection, drug screening and scientific research to insight cell biology. Challenges and future prospects for this dynamically developing field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jing Kerk
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Aysha Jameel
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial BiocatalysisDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xin‐Hui Xing
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial BiocatalysisDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Center for Synthetic and Systems BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chong Zhang
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial BiocatalysisDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Center for Synthetic and Systems BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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27
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Bajgiran KR, Cordova AS, Elkhanoufi R, Dorman JA, Melvin AT. Simultaneous Droplet Generation with In-Series Droplet T-Junctions Induced by Gravity-Induced Flow. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101211. [PMID: 34683262 PMCID: PMC8540845 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics offers a wide range of applications, including high-throughput drug screening and single-cell DNA amplification. However, these platforms are often limited to single-input conditions that prevent them from analyzing multiple input parameters (e.g., combined cellular treatments) in a single experiment. Droplet multiplexing will result in higher overall throughput, lowering cost of fabrication, and cutting down the hands-on time in number of applications such as single-cell analysis. Additionally, while lab-on-a-chip fabrication costs have decreased in recent years, the syringe pumps required for generating droplets of uniform shape and size remain cost-prohibitive for researchers interested in utilizing droplet microfluidics. This work investigates the potential of simultaneously generating droplets from a series of three in-line T-junctions utilizing gravity-driven flow to produce consistent, well-defined droplets. Implementing reservoirs with equal heights produced inconsistent flow rates that increased as a function of the distance between the aqueous inlets and the oil inlet. Optimizing the three reservoir heights identified that taller reservoirs were needed for aqueous inlets closer to the oil inlet. Studying the relationship between the ratio of oil-to-water flow rates (Φ) found that increasing Φ resulted in smaller droplets and an enhanced droplet generation rate. An ANOVA was performed on droplet diameter to confirm no significant difference in droplet size from the three different aqueous inlets. The work described here offers an alternative approach to multiplexed droplet microfluidic devices allowing for the high-throughput interrogation of three sample conditions in a single device. It also has provided an alternative method to induce droplet formation that does not require multiple syringe pumps.
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28
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Filatov NA, Evstrapov AA, Bukatin AS. Negative Pressure Provides Simple and Stable Droplet Generation in a Flow-Focusing Microfluidic Device. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:662. [PMID: 34198785 PMCID: PMC8228362 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics is an extremely useful and powerful tool for industrial, environmental, and biotechnological applications, due to advantages such as the small volume of reagents required, ultrahigh-throughput, precise control, and independent manipulations of each droplet. For the generation of monodisperse water-in-oil droplets, usually T-junction and flow-focusing microfluidic devices connected to syringe pumps or pressure controllers are used. Here, we investigated droplet-generation regimes in a flow-focusing microfluidic device induced by the negative pressure in the outlet reservoir, generated by a low-cost mini diaphragm vacuum pump. During the study, we compared two ways of adjusting the negative pressure using a compact electro-pneumatic regulator and a manual airflow control valve. The results showed that both types of regulators are suitable for the stable generation of monodisperse droplets for at least 4 h, with variations in diameter less than 1 µm. Droplet diameters at high levels of negative pressure were mainly determined by the hydrodynamic resistances of the inlet microchannels, although the absolute pressure value defined the generation frequency; however, the electro-pneumatic regulator is preferable and convenient for the accurate control of the pressure by an external electric signal, providing more stable pressure, and a wide range of droplet diameters and generation frequencies. The method of droplet generation suggested here is a simple, stable, reliable, and portable way of high-throughput production of relatively large volumes of monodisperse emulsions for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A. Filatov
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources, Alferov Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Anatoly A. Evstrapov
- Laboratory of Bio and Chemosensor Microsystems, Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, 198095 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Anton S. Bukatin
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources, Alferov Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- Laboratory of Bio and Chemosensor Microsystems, Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, 198095 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
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29
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Zhang P, Kaushik AM, Mach KE, Hsieh K, Liao JC, Wang TH. Facile syringe filter-enabled bacteria separation, enrichment, and buffer exchange for clinical isolation-free digital detection and characterization of bacterial pathogens in urine. Analyst 2021; 146:2475-2483. [PMID: 33899069 PMCID: PMC10697054 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00039j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of accelerated methods for pathogen identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) for infectious diseases is necessary to facilitate evidence-based antibiotic therapy and reduce clinical overreliance on broad-spectrum antibiotics. Towards this end, droplet-based microfluidics has unlocked remarkably rapid diagnostic assays with single-cell and single-molecule resolution. Yet, droplet platforms invariably rely on testing purified bacterial samples that have been clinically isolated after lengthy (>16 h) plating. While plating-based clinical isolation is important for enriching and separating out bacteria from background in clinical samples and also facilitating buffer exchange, it creates a diagnostic bottleneck that ultimately precludes droplet-based methods from achieving significantly accelerated times-to-result. To alleviate this bottleneck, we have developed facile syringe filter-enabled strategies for bacterial separation, enrichment, and buffer exchange from urine samples. By selecting appropriately sized filter membranes, we separated bacterial cells from background particulates in urine samples and achieved up to 91% bacterial recovery after such 1-step filtration. When interfaced with droplet-based detection of bacterial cells, 1-step filtration improved the limit of detection for bacterial ID and quantification by over an order of magnitude. We also developed a facile buffer exchange strategy to prepare bacteria in urine samples for droplet-based AST that achieved up to 10-fold bacterial enrichment during buffer exchange. Our filtration strategies, can be easily integrated into droplet workflows, enable clinical isolation-free sample-to-answer ID and AST, and significantly accelerate the turnaround of standard infectious disease diagnostic workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Aniruddha M Kaushik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen E Mach
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kuangwen Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph C Liao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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30
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Kaushik AM, Hsieh K, Mach KE, Lewis S, Puleo CM, Carroll KC, Liao JC, Wang T. Droplet-Based Single-Cell Measurements of 16S rRNA Enable Integrated Bacteria Identification and Pheno-Molecular Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing from Clinical Samples in 30 min. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003419. [PMID: 33747737 PMCID: PMC7967084 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Empiric broad-spectrum antimicrobial treatments of urinary tract infections (UTIs) have contributed to widespread antimicrobial resistance. Clinical adoption of evidence-based treatments necessitates rapid diagnostic methods for pathogen identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) with minimal sample preparation. In response, a microfluidic droplet-based platform is developed for achieving both ID and AST from urine samples within 30 min. In this platform, fluorogenic hybridization probes are utilized to detect 16S rRNA from single bacterial cells encapsulated in picoliter droplets, enabling molecular identification of uropathogenic bacteria directly from urine in as little as 16 min. Moreover, in-droplet single-bacterial measurements of 16S rRNA provide a surrogate for AST, shortening the exposure time to 10 min for gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. A fully integrated device and screening workflow were developed to test urine specimens for one of seven unique diagnostic outcomes including the presence/absence of Gram-negative bacteria, molecular ID of the bacteriaas Escherichia coli, an Enterobacterales, or other organism, and assessment of bacterial susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. In a 50-specimen clinical comparison study, the platform demonstrates excellent performance compared to clinical standard methods (areas-under-curves, AUCs >0.95), within a small fraction of the turnaround time, highlighting its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuangwen Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Kathleen E. Mach
- Department of UrologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Shawna Lewis
- Division of Medical MicrobiologyDepartment of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
| | | | - Karen C. Carroll
- Division of Medical MicrobiologyDepartment of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA
| | - Joseph C. Liao
- Department of UrologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Tza‐Huei Wang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21287USA
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31
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He Z, Huffman J, Curtin K, Garner KL, Bowdridge EC, Li X, Nurkiewicz TR, Li P. Composable Microfluidic Plates (cPlate): A Simple and Scalable Fluid Manipulation System for Multiplexed Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Anal Chem 2021; 93:1489-1497. [PMID: 33326204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the gold standard method for protein biomarkers. However, scaling up ELISA for multiplexed biomarker analysis is not a trivial task due to the lengthy procedures for fluid manipulation and high reagent/sample consumption. Herein, we present a highly scalable multiplexed ELISA that achieves a similar level of performance to commercial single-target ELISA kits as well as shorter assay time, less consumption, and simpler procedures. This ELISA is enabled by a novel microscale fluid manipulation method, composable microfluidic plates (cPlate), which are comprised of miniaturized 96-well plates and their corresponding channel plates. By assembling and disassembling the plates, all of the fluid manipulations for 96 independent ELISA reactions can be achieved simultaneously without any external fluid manipulation equipment. Simultaneous quantification of four protein biomarkers in serum samples is demonstrated with the cPlate system, achieving high sensitivity and specificity (∼ pg/mL), short assay time (∼1 h), low consumption (∼5 μL/well), high scalability, and ease of use. This platform is further applied to probe the levels of three protein biomarkers related to vascular dysfunction under pulmonary nanoparticle exposure in rat's plasma. Because of the low cost, portability, and instrument-free nature of the cPlate system, it will have great potential for multiplexed point-of-care testing in resource-limited regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi He
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Justin Huffman
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Kathrine Curtin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Krista L Garner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.,Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Bowdridge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.,Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Xiaojun Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Timothy R Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.,Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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Yang C, Yang C, Yarden Y, To KKW, Fu L. The prospects of tumor chemosensitivity testing at the single-cell level. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 54:100741. [PMID: 33387814 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumor chemosensitivity testing plays a pivotal role in the optimal selection of chemotherapeutic regimens for cancer patients in a personalized manner. High-throughput drug screening approaches have been developed but they failed to take into account intratumor heterogeneity and therefore only provided limited predictive power of therapeutic response to individual cancer patients. Single cancer cell drug sensitivity testing (SCC-DST) has been recently developed to evaluate the variable sensitivity of single cells to different anti-tumor drugs. In this review, we discuss how SCC-DST overcomes the obstacles of traditional drug screening methodologies. We outline critical procedures of SCC-DST responsible for single-cell generation and sorting, cell-drug encapsulation on a microfluidic chip and detection of cell-drug interactions. In SCC-DST, droplet-based microfluidics is emerging as an important platform that integrated various assays and analyses for drug susceptibility tests for individual patients. With the advancement of technology, both fluorescence imaging and label-free analysis have been used for detecting single cell-drug interactions. We also discuss the feasibility of integrating SCC-DST with single-cell RNA sequencing to unravel the mechanisms leading to drug resistance, and utilizing artificial intelligence to facilitate the analysis of various omics data in the evaluation of drug susceptibility. SCC-DST is setting the stage for better drug selection for individual cancer patients in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Caibo Yang
- Guangzhou Handy Biotechnology CO., LTD, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Guangzhou Handy Biotechnology CO., LTD, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Lv S, Chu Y, Zhang P, Ma S, Zhao M, Wang Z, Gu Y, Sun X. Improved efficiency of urine cell image segmentation using droplet microfluidics technology. Cytometry A 2020; 99:722-731. [PMID: 33342063 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the recognition of biological samples using machine vision have made this technology increasingly important in research and detection. Image segmentation is an important step in this process. This study focuses on how to reduce the interference factors such as the overlap between different types (or within the same type) of urine cells according to microfluidics and improve the machine vision segmentation accuracy for cell images. In this study, we demonstrate that the platform can realize this hypothesis using urine cell image segmentation as an example application. We first discuss the reported urine cell droplet microfluidic chip system, which can realize the test conditions in which urine cells are encapsulated in the droplet and isolated from salt crystallization and/or bacteria and other urine-formed elements. Then, based on the analysis conditions set in the aforementioned experiment, the proportions of red blood cells, white blood cells, and squamous epithelial cells covered by various formed elements in the total urine cells in the same urine sample are measured. We simultaneously analyze the percentage of urine cells covered by salt crystallization and the incidence of overlapping between urine cells. Finally, the Otsu algorithm is used to segment the urine cell images encapsulated by the droplet and the urine cell images not encapsulated by the droplet, and the Dice, Jaccard, precision, and recall values are calculated. The results suggest that the method of encapsulating single cells based on droplets can improve the image segmentation effect without optimizing the algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxing Lv
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuying Chu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Sike Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhexiang Wang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajun Gu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuguo Sun
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Puentes PR, Henao MC, Torres CE, Gómez SC, Gómez LA, Burgos JC, Arbeláez P, Osma JF, Muñoz-Camargo C, Reyes LH, Cruz JC. Design, Screening, and Testing of Non-Rational Peptide Libraries with Antimicrobial Activity: In Silico and Experimental Approaches. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E854. [PMID: 33265897 PMCID: PMC7759991 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges of modern biotechnology is to find new routes to mitigate the resistance to conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an alternative type of biomolecules, naturally present in a wide variety of organisms, with the capacity to overcome the current microorganism resistance threat. Here, we reviewed our recent efforts to develop a new library of non-rationally produced AMPs that relies on bacterial genome inherent diversity and compared it with rationally designed libraries. Our approach is based on a four-stage workflow process that incorporates the interplay of recent developments in four major emerging technologies: artificial intelligence, molecular dynamics, surface-display in microorganisms, and microfluidics. Implementing this framework is challenging because to obtain reliable results, the in silico algorithms to search for candidate AMPs need to overcome issues of the state-of-the-art approaches that limit the possibilities for multi-space data distribution analyses in extremely large databases. We expect to tackle this challenge by using a recently developed classification algorithm based on deep learning models that rely on convolutional layers and gated recurrent units. This will be complemented by carefully tailored molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate specific interactions with lipid bilayers. Candidate AMPs will be recombinantly-expressed on the surface of microorganisms for further screening via different droplet-based microfluidic-based strategies to identify AMPs with the desired lytic abilities. We believe that the proposed approach opens opportunities for searching and screening bioactive peptides for other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ruiz Puentes
- Center for Research and Formation in Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia; (P.R.P.); (P.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia; (C.E.T.); (S.C.G.); (L.A.G.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - María C. Henao
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia;
| | - Carlos E. Torres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia; (C.E.T.); (S.C.G.); (L.A.G.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Saúl C. Gómez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia; (C.E.T.); (S.C.G.); (L.A.G.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Laura A. Gómez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia; (C.E.T.); (S.C.G.); (L.A.G.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Juan C. Burgos
- Chemical Engineering Program, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia;
| | - Pablo Arbeláez
- Center for Research and Formation in Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia; (P.R.P.); (P.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia; (C.E.T.); (S.C.G.); (L.A.G.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Johann F. Osma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia;
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia; (C.E.T.); (S.C.G.); (L.A.G.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Luis H. Reyes
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia;
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia; (C.E.T.); (S.C.G.); (L.A.G.); (C.M.-C.)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
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Ortseifen V, Viefhues M, Wobbe L, Grünberger A. Microfluidics for Biotechnology: Bridging Gaps to Foster Microfluidic Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:589074. [PMID: 33282849 PMCID: PMC7691494 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.589074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics and novel lab-on-a-chip applications have the potential to boost biotechnological research in ways that are not possible using traditional methods. Although microfluidic tools were increasingly used for different applications within biotechnology in recent years, a systematic and routine use in academic and industrial labs is still not established. For many years, absent innovative, ground-breaking and “out-of-the-box” applications have been made responsible for the missing drive to integrate microfluidic technologies into fundamental and applied biotechnological research. In this review, we highlight microfluidics’ offers and compare them to the most important demands of the biotechnologists. Furthermore, a detailed analysis in the state-of-the-art use of microfluidics within biotechnology was conducted exemplarily for four emerging biotechnological fields that can substantially benefit from the application of microfluidic systems, namely the phenotypic screening of cells, the analysis of microbial population heterogeneity, organ-on-a-chip approaches and the characterisation of synthetic co-cultures. The analysis resulted in a discussion of potential “gaps” that can be responsible for the rare integration of microfluidics into biotechnological studies. Our analysis revealed six major gaps, concerning the lack of interdisciplinary communication, mutual knowledge and motivation, methodological compatibility, technological readiness and missing commercialisation, which need to be bridged in the future. We conclude that connecting microfluidics and biotechnology is not an impossible challenge and made seven suggestions to bridge the gaps between those disciplines. This lays the foundation for routine integration of microfluidic systems into biotechnology research procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ortseifen
- Proteome and Metabolome Research, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology/CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Martina Viefhues
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanosciences, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lutz Wobbe
- Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy Group, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology/CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Grünberger
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Kathrada AI, Wei SC, Xu Y, Cheow, LF, Chen CH. Microfluidic compartmentalization to identify gene biomarkers of infection. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:061502. [PMID: 33312326 PMCID: PMC7717927 DOI: 10.1063/5.0032849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by pathogens, such as SARS-COV, H7N9, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, and human immunodeficiency virus, have fatal outcomes with common features of severe fever and subsequent bacterial invasion progressing to multiorgan failure. Gene biomarkers are promising to distinguish specific infections from others with similar presenting symptoms for the prescription of correct therapeutics, preventing pandemics. While routine laboratory methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to measure gene biomarkers have provided highly sensitive and specific viral detection techniques over the years, they are still hampered by their precision and resource intensity precluding their point-of-care use. Recently, there has been growing interest in employing microfluidic technologies to advance current methods for infectious disease determination via gene biomarker measurements. Here, based on the requirement of infection detection, we will review three microfluidic approaches to compartmentalize gene biomarkers: (1) microwell-based PCR platforms; (2) droplet-based PCR; and (3) point-of-care devices including centrifugal chip, SlipChip, and self-powered integrated microfluidic point-of-care low-cost enabling chip. By capturing target genes in microwells with a small sample volume (∼μl), sensitivity can be enhanced. Additionally, with the advance of significant sample volume minimization (∼pl) using droplet technology, gene quantification is possible. These improvements in cost, automation, usability, and portability have thereby allowed point-of-care applications to decentralize testing platforms from laboratory-based settings to field use against infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ismat Kathrada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Block 4, #04-08, Singapore 117583
| | | | - Ying Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Room Y6700, 6/F, Yeung Kin Man Academic Building, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Room Y6700, 6/F, Yeung Kin Man Academic Building, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Shen M, Di K, He H, Xia Y, Xie H, Huang R, Liu C, Yang M, Zheng S, He N, Li Z. Progress in exosome associated tumor markers and their detection methods. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2020; 1:3. [PMID: 35006428 PMCID: PMC8603992 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-020-00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted by cells and are widely present in body fluids. Exosomes contain various molecular constituents of their cells of origin such as proteins, mRNA, miRNAs, DNA, lipid and glycans which are very similar as the content in tumor cells. These contents play an important role in various stages of tumor development, and make the tumor-derived exosome as a hot and emerging biomarker for various cancers diagnosis and management in non-invasive manner. The present problems of exosome isolation and detection hinder the application of exosomes. With the development of exosome isolation and detection technology, the contents of exosomes can be exploited for early cancer diagnosis. This review summarizes the recent progress on exosome-associated tumor biomarkers and some new technologies for exosome isolation and detection. Furthermore, we have also discussed the future development direction in exosome analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Shanghai Health Development Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Di
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hongzhang He
- Captis Diagnostics Inc, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yanyan Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Siyang Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Electrical & Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall 4N211, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Nongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Pang Y, Zhou Q, Wang X, Lei Y, Ren Y, Li M, Wang J, Liu Z. Droplets generation under different flow rates in T‐junction microchannel with a neck. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pang
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China
| | - Xiang Wang
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China
| | - Yanghao Lei
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China
| | - Yanlin Ren
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China
| | - Mengqi Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China
| | - Ju Wang
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China
| | - Zhaomiao Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China
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“Development and application of analytical detection techniques for droplet-based microfluidics”-A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1113:66-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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40
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Toward Fluorimetric-Paired-Emitter-Detector-Diode test for Bacillus anthracis DNA based on graphene oxide. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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41
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Yuan Y, Chen J, Wang J, Xu M, Zhang Y, Sun P, Liang L. Identification Hub Genes in Colorectal Cancer by Integrating Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis and Clinical Validation in vivo and vitro. Front Oncol 2020; 10:638. [PMID: 32426282 PMCID: PMC7203460 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of death in the world. However, the key roles of most molecules in CRC remain unclear. This study aimed to identify key modules and hub genes associated with the progression of CRC. The data of the patients with CRC were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and assessed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses performed in R. by WGCNA, several hub genes that regulate the mechanism of tumorigenesis in CRC were identified, which were associated with clinical traits. Next, we screened hub genes related to the progression of CRC authenticated by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Oncomine databases. Three hub genes (HCLS1, EVI2B, and CD48) were identified, and survival analysis was further performed. Moreover, the results of qPCR and immunohistochemistry staining revealed that HCLS1, EVI2B, and CD48 are tumor suppressor genes. Further, the functional study verified that over-expression of HCLS1, EVI2B, and CD48 can reduce the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of CRC cells and significantly suppress CRC tumor growth in vivo. In summary, we identified three hub genes that were associated with the progression of CRC that can be applied in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Babahosseini H, Padmanabhan S, Misteli T, DeVoe DL. A programmable microfluidic platform for multisample injection, discretization, and droplet manipulation. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:014112. [PMID: 32038741 PMCID: PMC7002170 DOI: 10.1063/1.5143434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A programmable microfluidic platform enabling on-demand sampling, compartmentalization, and manipulation of multiple aqueous volumes is presented. The system provides random-access actuation of a microtrap array supporting selective discretization of picoliter volumes from multiple sample inputs. The platform comprises two interconnected chips, with parallel T-junctions and multiplexed microvalves within one chip enabling programmable injection of aqueous sample plugs, and nanoliter volumes transferred to a second microtrap array chip in which the plugs are actively discretized into picoliter droplets within a static array of membrane displacement actuators. The system employs two different multiplexer designs that reduce the number of input signals required for both sample injection and discretization. This versatile droplet-based technology offers flexible sample workflows and functionalities for the formation and manipulation of heterogeneous picoliter droplets, with particular utility for applications in biochemical synthesis and cell-based assays requiring flexible and programmable operation of parallel and multistep droplet processes. The platform is used here for the selective encapsulation of differentially labeled cells within a discrete droplet array.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Supriya Padmanabhan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Don L. DeVoe
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +1-301-405-8125
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Recent advances and trends in miniaturized sample preparation techniques. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:202-225. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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O’Keefe CM, Kaushik AM, Wang TH. Highly Efficient Real-Time Droplet Analysis Platform for High-Throughput Interrogation of DNA Sequences by Melt. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11275-11282. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. O’Keefe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Aniruddha M. Kaushik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Shin DJ, Andini N, Hsieh K, Yang S, Wang TH. Emerging Analytical Techniques for Rapid Pathogen Identification and Susceptibility Testing. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2019; 12:41-67. [PMID: 30939033 PMCID: PMC7369001 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the face of looming threats from multi-drug resistant microorganisms, there is a growing need for technologies that will enable rapid identification and drug susceptibility profiling of these pathogens in health care settings. In particular, recent progress in microfluidics and nucleic acid amplification is pushing the boundaries of timescale for diagnosing bacterial infections. With a diverse range of techniques and parallel developments in the field of analytical chemistry, an integrative perspective is needed to understand the significance of these developments. This review examines the scope of new developments in assay technologies grouped by key enabling domains of research. First, we examine recent development in nucleic acid amplification assays for rapid identification and drug susceptibility testing in bacterial infections. Next, we examine advances in microfluidics that facilitate acceleration of diagnostic assays via integration and scale. Lastly, recentdevelopments in biosensor technologies are reviewed. We conclude this review with perspectives on the use of emerging concepts to develop paradigm-changing assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jin Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA;
| | - Nadya Andini
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
| | - Kuangwen Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA;
| | - Samuel Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA;
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Mach KE, Kaushik AM, Hsieh K, Wong PK, Wang TH, Liao JC. Optimizing peptide nucleic acid probes for hybridization-based detection and identification of bacterial pathogens. Analyst 2019; 144:1565-1574. [PMID: 30656297 PMCID: PMC7039532 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02194e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics for infectious diseases have the potential to improve patient care and antibiotic stewardship. Nucleic acid hybridization is at the core of many amplification-free molecular diagnostics and detection probe configuration is key to diagnostic performance. Modified nucleic acids such as peptide nucleic acid (PNA) offer advantages compared to conventional DNA probes allowing for faster hybridization, better stability and minimal sample preparation for direct detection of pathogens. Probes with tethered fluorophore and quencher allow for solution-based assays and eliminate the need for washing steps thereby facilitating integration into microfluidic devices. Here, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of double stranded PNA probes (dsPNA) and PNA molecular beacons targeting E. coli and P. aeruginosa for direct detection of bacterial pathogens. In bulk fluid assays, the dsPNAs had an overall higher fluorescent signal and better sensitivity and specificity than the PNA beacons for pathogen detection. We further designed and tested an expanded panel of dsPNA probes for detection of a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria including probes for universal detection of eubacteria, Enterobacteriaceae family, and P. mirablis. To confirm that the advantage translated to other assay types we compared the PNA beacon and dsPNA in a prototype droplet microfluidic device. Beyond the bulk fluid assay and droplet devices, use of dsPNA probes may be advantageous in a wide variety of assays that employ homogenous nucleic acid hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Mach
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Zhang P, Kaushik A, Hsieh K, Wang TH. Customizing droplet contents and dynamic ranges via integrated programmable picodroplet assembler. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2019; 5:22. [PMID: 31636920 PMCID: PMC6799804 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidic technology is becoming increasingly useful for high-throughput and high-sensitivity detection of biological and biochemical reactions. Most current droplet devices function by passively discretizing a single sample subject to a homogeneous or random reagent/reaction condition into tens of thousands of picoliter-volume droplets for analysis. Despite their apparent advantages in speed and throughput, these droplet devices inherently lack the capability to customize the contents of droplets in order to test a single sample against multiple reagent conditions or multiple samples against multiple reagents. In order to incorporate such combinatorial capability into droplet platforms, we have developed the fully Integrated Programmable Picodroplet Assembler. Our platform is capable of generating customized picoliter-volume droplet groups from nanoliter-volume plugs which are assembled in situ on demand. By employing a combination of microvalves and flow-focusing-based discretization, our platform can be used to precisely control the content and volume of generated nanoliter-volume plugs, and thereafter the content and the effective dynamic range of picoliter-volume droplets. Furthermore, we can use a single integrated device for continuously generating, incubating, and detecting multiple distinct droplet groups. The device successfully marries the precise control and on-demand capability of microvalve-based platforms with the sensitivity and throughput of picoliter droplet platforms in a fully automated monolithic device. The device ultimately will find important applications in single-cell and single-molecule analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Aniruddha Kaushik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Kuangwen Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
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Hsieh K, Zec HC, Chen L, Kaushik AM, Mach KE, Liao JC, Wang TH. Simple and Precise Counting of Viable Bacteria by Resazurin-Amplified Picoarray Detection. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9449-9456. [PMID: 29969556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple, fast, and precise counting of viable bacteria is fundamental to a variety of microbiological applications such as food quality monitoring and clinical diagnosis. To this end, agar plating, microscopy, and emerging microfluidic devices for single bacteria detection have provided useful means for counting viable bacteria, but they also have their limitations ranging from complexity, time, and inaccuracy. We present herein our new method RAPiD (Resazurin-Amplified Picoarray Detection) for addressing this important problem. In RAPiD, we employ vacuum-assisted sample loading and oil-driven sample digitization to stochastically confine single bacteria in Picoarray, a microfluidic device with picoliter-sized isolation chambers (picochambers), in <30 s with only a few minutes of hands-on time. We add AlamarBlue, a resazurin-based fluorescent dye for bacterial growth, in our assay to accelerate the detection of "microcolonies" proliferated from single bacteria within picochambers. Detecting fluorescence in picochambers as an amplified surrogate for bacterial cells allows us to count hundreds of microcolonies with a single image taken via wide-field fluorescence microscopy. We have also expanded our method to practically test multiple titrations from a single bacterial sample in parallel. Using this expanded "multi-RAPiD" strategy, we can quantify viable cells in E. coli and S. aureus samples with precision in ∼3 h, illustrating RAPiD as a promising new method for counting viable bacteria for microbiological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuangwen Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Helena C Zec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - Liben Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Aniruddha M Kaushik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Kathleen E Mach
- Department of Urology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Joseph C Liao
- Department of Urology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
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