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Peña TA, Villarreal P, Agier N, De Chiara M, Barría T, Urbina K, Villarroel CA, Santos ARO, Rosa CA, Nespolo RF, Liti G, Fischer G, Cubillos FA. An integrative taxonomy approach reveals Saccharomyces chiloensis sp. nov. as a newly discovered species from Coastal Patagonia. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011396. [PMID: 39241096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Species delineation in microorganisms is challenging due to the limited markers available for accurate species assignment. Here, we applied an integrative taxonomy approach, combining extensive sampling, whole-genome sequence-based classification, phenotypic profiling, and assessment of interspecific reproductive isolation. Our work reveals the presence of a distinct Saccharomyces lineage in Nothofagus forests of coastal Patagonia. This lineage, designated Saccharomyces chiloensis sp. nov., exhibits 7% genetic divergence from its sister species S. uvarum, as revealed by whole-genome sequencing and population analyses. The South America-C (SA-C) coastal Patagonia population forms a unique clade closely related to a previously described divergent S. uvarum population from Oceania (AUS, found in Australia and New Zealand). Our species reclassification is supported by a low Ortho Average Nucleotide Identity (OANI) of 93% in SA-C and AUS relative to S. uvarum, which falls below the suggested species delineation threshold of 95%, indicating an independent evolutionary lineage. Hybrid spore viability assessment provided compelling evidence that SA-C and AUS are reproductively isolated from S. uvarum. In addition, we found unique structural variants between S. chiloensis sp. nov. lineages, including large-scale chromosomal translocations and inversions, together with a distinct phenotypic profile, emphasizing their intraspecies genetic distinctiveness. We suggest that S. chiloensis sp. nov diverged from S. uvarum in allopatry due to glaciation, followed by post-glacial dispersal, resulting in distinct lineages on opposite sides of the Pacific Ocean. The discovery of S. chiloensis sp. nov. illustrates the uniqueness of Patagonia's coastal biodiversity and underscores the importance of adopting an integrative taxonomic approach in species delineation to unveil cryptic microbial species. The holotype of S. chiloensis sp. nov. is CBS 18620T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas A Peña
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Villarreal
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Agier
- Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Tomas Barría
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kamila Urbina
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millenium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos A Villarroel
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ana R O Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Roberto F Nespolo
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- Millenium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi), Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gianni Liti
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Nice, France
| | - Gilles Fischer
- Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Francisco A Cubillos
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- Millenium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi), Santiago, Chile
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He Q, Bai S, Chen C, Yang X, Li Z, Sun S, Qu X, Yang X, Pan J, Liu W, Hou C, Deng Y. A chromosome-scale genome provides new insights into the typical carotenoid biosynthesis in the important red yeast Rhodotorula glutinis QYH-2023 with anti-inflammatory effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132103. [PMID: 38719011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Rhodotorula spp. has been studied as one powerful source for a novel cell factory with fast growth and its high added-value biomolecules. However, its inadequate genome and genomic annotation have hindered its widespread use in cosmetics and food industries. Rhodotorula glutinis QYH-2023, was isolated from rice rhizosphere soil, and the highest quality of the genome of the strain was obtained at chromosome level (18 chromosomes) than ever before in red yeast in this study. Comparative genomics analysis revealed that there are more key gene copies of carotenoids biosynthesis in R. glutinis QYH-2023 than other species of Rhodotorula spp. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed that lipids and carotenoids biosynthesis was significantly enriched during fermentation. Subsequent investigation revealed that the over-expression of the strain three genes related to carotenoids biosynthesis in Komagataella phaffii significantly promoted the carotenoid production. Furthermore, in vitro tests initially confirmed that the longer the fermentation period, the synthesized metabolites controlled by R. glutinis QYH-2023 genome had the stronger anti-inflammatory properties. All of the findings revealed a high-quality reference genome which highlight the potential of R. glutinis strains to be employed as chassis cells for biosynthesizing carotenoids and other active chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun He
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shasha Bai
- Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources Co., LTD, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Beijing city university, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Chenxiao Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Xiai Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Shitao Sun
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Xiaoxin Qu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Xiushi Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Jiangpeng Pan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hangzhou Base Array Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Chunsheng Hou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China.
| | - Yanchun Deng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China.
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Queiroz SDS, Jofre FM, Bianchini IDA, Boaes TDS, Bordini FW, Chandel AK, Felipe MDGDA. Current advances in Candida tropicalis: Yeast overview and biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:2069-2087. [PMID: 37694532 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Candida tropicalis is a nonconventional yeast with medical and industrial significance, belonging to the CTG clade. Recent advancements in whole-genome sequencing and genetic analysis revealed its close relation to other unconventional yeasts of biotechnological importance. C. tropicalis is known for its immense potential in synthesizing various valuable biomolecules such as ethanol, xylitol, biosurfactants, lipids, enzymes, α,ω-dicarboxylic acids, single-cell proteins, and more, making it an attractive target for biotechnological applications. This review provides an update on C. tropicalis biological characteristics and its efficiency in producing a diverse range of biomolecules with industrial significance from various feedstocks. The information presented in this review contributes to a better understanding of C. tropicalis and highlights its potential for biotechnological applications and market viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah de Souza Queiroz
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fanny Machado Jofre
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiane da Silva Boaes
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Weber Bordini
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anuj Kumar Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Boekhout T, Aime MC, Begerow D, Gabaldón T, Heitman J, Kemler M, Khayhan K, Lachance MA, Louis EJ, Sun S, Vu D, Yurkov A. The evolving species concepts used for yeasts: from phenotypes and genomes to speciation networks. FUNGAL DIVERS 2021; 109:27-55. [PMID: 34720775 PMCID: PMC8550739 DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here we review how evolving species concepts have been applied to understand yeast diversity. Initially, a phenotypic species concept was utilized taking into consideration morphological aspects of colonies and cells, and growth profiles. Later the biological species concept was added, which applied data from mating experiments. Biophysical measurements of DNA similarity between isolates were an early measure that became more broadly applied with the advent of sequencing technology, leading to a sequence-based species concept using comparisons of parts of the ribosomal DNA. At present phylogenetic species concepts that employ sequence data of rDNA and other genes are universally applied in fungal taxonomy, including yeasts, because various studies revealed a relatively good correlation between the biological species concept and sequence divergence. The application of genome information is becoming increasingly common, and we strongly recommend the use of complete, rather than draft genomes to improve our understanding of species and their genome and genetic dynamics. Complete genomes allow in-depth comparisons on the evolvability of genomes and, consequently, of the species to which they belong. Hybridization seems a relatively common phenomenon and has been observed in all major fungal lineages that contain yeasts. Note that hybrids may greatly differ in their post-hybridization development. Future in-depth studies, initially using some model species or complexes may shift the traditional species concept as isolated clusters of genetically compatible isolates to a cohesive speciation network in which such clusters are interconnected by genetic processes, such as hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Catherine Aime
- Dept Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Dominik Begerow
- Evolution of Plants and Fungi, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC–CNS), Jordi Girona, 29, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Martin Kemler
- Evolution of Plants and Fungi, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kantarawee Khayhan
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000 Thailand
| | - Marc-André Lachance
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Edward J. Louis
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Genetic Architecture of Complex Traits, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - Sheng Sun
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Duong Vu
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrey Yurkov
- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Brunswick, Germany
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Chattopadhyay A, Maiti MK. Lipid production by oleaginous yeasts. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 116:1-98. [PMID: 34353502 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipid production has been studied extensively for years; however, lipid metabolic engineering in many of the extraordinarily high lipid-accumulating yeasts was impeded by inadequate understanding of the metabolic pathways including regulatory mechanisms defining their oleaginicity and the limited genetic tools available. The aim of this review is to highlight the prominent oleaginous yeast genera, emphasizing their oleaginous characteristics, in conjunction with diverse other features such as cheap carbon source utilization, withstanding the effect of inhibitory compounds, commercially favorable fatty acid composition-all supporting their future development as economically viable lipid feedstock. The unique aspects of metabolism attributing to their oleaginicity are accentuated in the pretext of outlining the various strategies successfully implemented to improve the production of lipid and lipid-derived metabolites. A large number of in silico data generated on the lipid accumulation in certain oleaginous yeasts have been carefully curated, as suggestive evidences in line with the exceptional oleaginicity of these organisms. The different genetic elements developed in these yeasts to execute such strategies have been scrupulously inspected, underlining the major types of newly-found and synthetically constructed promoters, transcription terminators, and selection markers. Additionally, there is a plethora of advanced genetic toolboxes and techniques described, which have been successfully used in oleaginous yeasts in the recent years, promoting homologous recombination, genome editing, DNA assembly, and transformation at remarkable efficiencies. They can accelerate and effectively guide the rational designing of system-wide metabolic engineering approaches pinpointing the key targets for developing industrially suitable yeast strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atrayee Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Mrinal K Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
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Sousa-Silva M, Vieira D, Soares P, Casal M, Soares-Silva I. Expanding the Knowledge on the Skillful Yeast Cyberlindnera jadinii. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:36. [PMID: 33435379 PMCID: PMC7827542 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyberlindnera jadinii is widely used as a source of single-cell protein and is known for its ability to synthesize a great variety of valuable compounds for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Its capacity to produce compounds such as food additives, supplements, and organic acids, among other fine chemicals, has turned it into an attractive microorganism in the biotechnology field. In this review, we performed a robust phylogenetic analysis using the core proteome of C. jadinii and other fungal species, from Asco- to Basidiomycota, to elucidate the evolutionary roots of this species. In addition, we report the evolution of this species nomenclature over-time and the existence of a teleomorph (C. jadinii) and anamorph state (Candida utilis) and summarize the current nomenclature of most common strains. Finally, we highlight relevant traits of its physiology, the solute membrane transporters so far characterized, as well as the molecular tools currently available for its genomic manipulation. The emerging applications of this yeast reinforce its potential in the white biotechnology sector. Nonetheless, it is necessary to expand the knowledge on its metabolism, regulatory networks, and transport mechanisms, as well as to develop more robust genetic manipulation systems and synthetic biology tools to promote the full exploitation of C. jadinii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sousa-Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (D.V.); (P.S.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Daniel Vieira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (D.V.); (P.S.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (D.V.); (P.S.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Margarida Casal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (D.V.); (P.S.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Isabel Soares-Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (D.V.); (P.S.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Dixon TA, Pretorius IS. Drawing on the Past to Shape the Future of Synthetic Yeast Research. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7156. [PMID: 32998303 PMCID: PMC7583028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Some years inspire more hindsight reflection and future-gazing than others. This is even more so in 2020 with its evocation of perfect vision and the landmark ring to it. However, no futurist can reliably predict what the world will look like the next time that a year's first two digits will match the second two digits-a numerical pattern that only occurs once in a century. As we leap into a new decade, amid uncertainties triggered by unforeseen global events-such as the outbreak of a worldwide pandemic, the accompanying economic hardship, and intensifying geopolitical tensions-it is important to note the blistering pace of 21st century technological developments indicate that while hindsight might be 20/20, foresight is 50/50. The history of science shows us that imaginative ideas, research excellence, and collaborative innovation can, for example, significantly contribute to the economic, cultural, social, and environmental recovery of a post-COVID-19 world. This article reflects on a history of yeast research to indicate the potential that arises from advances in science, and how this can contribute to the ongoing recovery and development of human society. Future breakthroughs in synthetic genomics are likely to unlock new avenues of impactful discoveries and solutions to some of the world's greatest challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Dixon
- Department of Modern History, Politics and International Relations, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Isak S. Pretorius
- Chancellery and ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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Cody RB. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. pastorianus species and strain differentiation by direct analysis in real time time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8835. [PMID: 32430915 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Seventeen different dried yeast strains, including twelve strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and five strains of S. pastorianus, were analyzed using direct analysis in real time (DART) time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The resulting mass spectra were used for rapid species and strain differentiation based upon small-molecule metabolomic profiles. METHODS Yeast strains purchased from local shops were suspended in a 1:1 water-methanol solution. Solutions were sampled by dipping the sealed end of a melting point capillary into each vial. Six replicates were measured in positive-ion and negative-ion mode for each strain using an automated linear rail with the DART source operated with helium gas and a gas heater temperature of 350°C. Averaged and centroided mass spectra were exported for analysis with chemometric software. RESULTS Negative-ion DART mass spectra exhibited less chemical background and more distinctive components than positive-ion DART mass spectra. An on-line search of the Yeast Metabolome Database provided candidate metabolites for selection as features for chemometric analysis. Negative-ion DART mass spectra could distinguish both species and all strains. The DART analysis was also able to identify potential metabolomic differences between top-fermenting and bottom-fermenting yeast, between beer and baking yeast, and between red wine and champagne yeast. CONCLUSIONS All strains could be distinguished by their negative-ion DART mass spectra with 97.7% validation accuracy. Clear differences were observed between dry and liquid forms and Saccharomyces strains with different applications to baking or beverage fermentation. Possible differences in metabolite profiles were suggested, but not confirmed, by accurate mass data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Cody
- JEOL USA Inc., 11 Dearborn Road, Peabody, 01960, USA
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Libkind D, Čadež N, Opulente DA, Langdon QK, Rosa CA, Sampaio JP, Gonçalves P, Hittinger CT, Lachance MA. Towards yeast taxogenomics: lessons from novel species descriptions based on complete genome sequences. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 20:5876348. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In recent years, ‘multi-omic’ sciences have affected all aspects of fundamental and applied biological research. Yeast taxonomists, though somewhat timidly, have begun to incorporate complete genomic sequences into the description of novel taxa, taking advantage of these powerful data to calculate more reliable genetic distances, construct more robust phylogenies, correlate genotype with phenotype and even reveal cryptic sexual behaviors. However, the use of genomic data in formal yeast species descriptions is far from widespread. The present review examines published examples of genome-based species descriptions of yeasts, highlights relevant bioinformatic approaches, provides recommendations for new users and discusses some of the challenges facing the genome-based systematics of yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Libkind
- Centro de Referencia en Levaduras y Tecnología Cervecera (CRELTEC), Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC) – CONICET / Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - N Čadež
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - D A Opulente
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Q K Langdon
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270–901, Brazil
| | - J P Sampaio
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - P Gonçalves
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - C T Hittinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M A Lachance
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
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Alperstein L, Gardner JM, Sundstrom JF, Sumby KM, Jiranek V. Yeast bioprospecting versus synthetic biology-which is better for innovative beverage fermentation? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1939-1953. [PMID: 31953561 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Producers often utilise some of the many available yeast species and strains in the making of fermented alcoholic beverages in order to augment flavours, aromas, acids and textural properties. But still, the demand remains for more yeasts with novel phenotypes that not only impact sensory characteristics but also offer process and engineering advantages. Two strategies for finding such yeasts are (i) bioprospecting for novel strains and species and (ii) genetic modification of known yeasts. The latter enjoys the promise of the emerging field of synthetic biology, which, in principle, would enable scientists to create yeasts with the exact phenotype desired for a given fermentation. In this mini review, we compare and contrast advances in bioprospecting and in synthetic biology as they relate to alcoholic fermentation in brewing and wine making. We explore recent advances in fermentation-relevant recombinant technologies and synthetic biology including the Yeast 2.0 Consortium, use of environmental yeasts, challenges, constraints of law and consumer acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Alperstein
- Department of Wine & Food Science, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, 5064, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Gardner
- Department of Wine & Food Science, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, 5064, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanna F Sundstrom
- Department of Wine & Food Science, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, 5064, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Krista M Sumby
- Department of Wine & Food Science, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, 5064, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vladimir Jiranek
- Department of Wine & Food Science, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, 5064, South Australia, Australia. .,Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia.
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Vila T, Sultan AS, Montelongo-Jauregui D, Jabra-Rizk MA. Oral Candidiasis: A Disease of Opportunity. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6010015. [PMID: 31963180 PMCID: PMC7151112 DOI: 10.3390/jof6010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis, commonly referred to as “thrush,” is an opportunistic fungal infection that commonly affects the oral mucosa. The main causative agent, Candida albicans, is a highly versatile commensal organism that is well adapted to its human host; however, changes in the host microenvironment can promote the transition from one of commensalism to pathogen. This transition is heavily reliant on an impressive repertoire of virulence factors, most notably cell surface adhesins, proteolytic enzymes, morphologic switching, and the development of drug resistance. In the oral cavity, the co-adhesion of C. albicans with bacteria is crucial for its persistence, and a wide range of synergistic interactions with various oral species were described to enhance colonization in the host. As a frequent colonizer of the oral mucosa, the host immune response in the oral cavity is oriented toward a more tolerogenic state and, therefore, local innate immune defenses play a central role in maintaining Candida in its commensal state. Specifically, in addition to preventing Candida adherence to epithelial cells, saliva is enriched with anti-candidal peptides, considered to be part of the host innate immunity. The T helper 17 (Th17)-type adaptive immune response is mainly involved in mucosal host defenses, controlling initial growth of Candida and inhibiting subsequent tissue invasion. Animal models, most notably the mouse model of oropharyngeal candidiasis and the rat model of denture stomatitis, are instrumental in our understanding of Candida virulence factors and the factors leading to host susceptibility to infections. Given the continuing rise in development of resistance to the limited number of traditional antifungal agents, novel therapeutic strategies are directed toward identifying bioactive compounds that target pathogenic mechanisms to prevent C. albicans transition from harmless commensal to pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taissa Vila
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.V.); (A.S.S.); (D.M.-J.)
| | - Ahmed S. Sultan
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.V.); (A.S.S.); (D.M.-J.)
| | - Daniel Montelongo-Jauregui
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.V.); (A.S.S.); (D.M.-J.)
| | - Mary Ann Jabra-Rizk
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.V.); (A.S.S.); (D.M.-J.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-706-0508; Fax: +1-410-706-0519
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Richter C, Yurkov AM, Boekhout T, Stadler M. Diversity of Tilletiopsis-Like Fungi in Exobasidiomycetes (Ustilaginomycotina) and Description of Six Novel Species. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2544. [PMID: 31824440 PMCID: PMC6883903 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2006 several yeast-like fungi were isolated from apples that showed a postharvest disorder named “white haze.” These strains were morphologically and molecularly assigned to the genus Tilletiopsis. Following the recent reclassification of yeasts in Ustilaginomycotina and the genus Tilletiopsis in particular, species that caused “white haze” disorder were re-identified based on the phylogenetic analysis of five DNA-loci (ITS, LSU, SSU, RPB2, and TEF1) and analysis of D1/D2 domains of the 26S/28S rRNA (LSU). Six novel species belonging to three orders in the Exobasidiomycetes, namely Entyloma belangeri (holotype: CBS 111600; ex-type: DSM 29114) MB 823155, Entyloma davenportii (holotype: CBS 111604; ex-type: DSM 100135) MB 823154, Entyloma elstari (holotype: CBS 111593; ex-type: DSM 29113) MB 823153, Entyloma randwijkense (holotype: CBS 111606; ex-type: DSM 100136) MB 823156, Jamesdicksonia mali (holotype: CBS 111625; ex-type: DSM 29121) MB 823151 and Golubevia heteromorpha (holotype: CBS 111610; ex-type: DSM 100176) MB 823152 are proposed to accommodate these strains. In addition, sequences representing phylogenetically related but yet undescribed fungi were obtained from GenBank in order to show the diversity of Tilletiopsis-like yeast states in Exobasidiomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Richter
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andrey M Yurkov
- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Yeast Division, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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14
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Allard CAH, Moseley JB. Cell Biology: Marine Yeasts Deepen the Sea of Diversity. Curr Biol 2019; 29:R1083-R1085. [PMID: 31639354 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fewer than 10% of fungal species have been discovered, and the diversity and ecological roles of marine species are particularly enigmatic. A new study shows that exploration of this untapped fungal biodiversity may expand our understanding of basic cellular functions such as growth, polarization, and division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A H Allard
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - James B Moseley
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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Vinh DC. The molecular immunology of human susceptibility to fungal diseases: lessons from single gene defects of immunity. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:461-486. [PMID: 30773066 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1584038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fungal diseases are a threat to human health. Therapies targeting the fungus continue to lead to disappointing results. Strategies targeting the host response represent unexplored opportunities for innovative treatments. To do so rationally requires the identification and neat delineation of critical mechanistic pathways that underpin human antifungal immunity. The study of humans with single-gene defects of the immune system, i.e. inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), provides a foundation for these paradigms. Areas covered: A systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and abstracts of international congresses was performed to review the history of genetic resistance/susceptibility to fungi and identify IEIs associated with fungal diseases. Immunologic mechanisms from relevant IEIs were integrated with current definitions and understandings of mycoses to establish a framework to map out critical immunobiological pathways of human antifungal immunity. Expert opinion: Specific immune responses non-redundantly govern susceptibility to their corresponding mycoses. Defining these molecular pathways will guide the development of host-directed immunotherapies that precisely target distinct fungal diseases. These findings will pave the way for novel strategies in the treatment of these devastating infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald C Vinh
- a Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases; Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology), Department of Medical Microbiology, Department of Human Genetics , McGill University Health Centre - Research Institute , Montreal , QC , Canada
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16
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Candida glabrata: A Lot More Than Meets the Eye. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7020039. [PMID: 30704135 PMCID: PMC6407134 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida glabrata is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that causes superficial mucosal and life-threatening bloodstream infections in individuals with a compromised immune system. Evolutionarily, it is closer to the non-pathogenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae than to the most prevalent Candida bloodstream pathogen, C. albicans. C. glabrata is a haploid budding yeast that predominantly reproduces clonally. In this review, we summarize interactions of C. glabrata with the host immune, epithelial and endothelial cells, and the ingenious strategies it deploys to acquire iron and phosphate from the external environment. We outline various attributes including cell surface-associated adhesins and aspartyl proteases, biofilm formation and stress response mechanisms, that contribute to the virulence of C. glabrata. We further discuss how, C. glabrata, despite lacking morphological switching and secreted proteolytic activity, is able to disarm macrophage, dampen the host inflammatory immune response and replicate intracellularly.
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17
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Gündüz Ergün B, Hüccetoğulları D, Öztürk S, Çelik E, Çalık P. Established and Upcoming Yeast Expression Systems. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1923:1-74. [PMID: 30737734 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9024-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Yeast was the first microorganism used by mankind for biotransformation of feedstock that laid the foundations of industrial biotechnology. Long historical use, vast amount of data, and experience paved the way for Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a first yeast cell factory, and still it is an important expression platform as being the production host for several large volume products. Continuing special needs of each targeted product and different requirements of bioprocess operations have led to identification of different yeast expression systems. Modern bioprocess engineering and advances in omics technology, i.e., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, secretomics, and interactomics, allow the design of novel genetic tools with fine-tuned characteristics to be used for research and industrial applications. This chapter focuses on established and upcoming yeast expression platforms that have exceptional characteristics, such as the ability to utilize a broad range of carbon sources or remarkable resistance to various stress conditions. Besides the conventional yeast S. cerevisiae, established yeast expression systems including the methylotrophic yeasts Pichia pastoris and Hansenula polymorpha, the dimorphic yeasts Arxula adeninivorans and Yarrowia lipolytica, the lactose-utilizing yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and upcoming yeast platforms, namely, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Candida utilis, and Zygosaccharomyces bailii, are compiled with special emphasis on their genetic toolbox for recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Gündüz Ergün
- Biochemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Damla Hüccetoğulları
- Biochemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Öztürk
- Biochemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eda Çelik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Çalık
- Biochemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Industrial Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
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18
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Muthu M, Gopal J, Chun S, Anthonydhason V, Jeevanandam M, Paul D. Pertinency of Pulsed Sonication for Activating Commercial Yeast Clusters. J CLUST SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-018-1376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Chen X, Zheng M, Liu J, Deng Z, Zhang B, Li H. Selection and use of indigenous mixed starter cultures for mustard leaves fermentation and the improvement of cuocai characteristics. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1773-1786. [PMID: 28862331 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve the characteristics and safety of traditional cuocai, the selection and use of mixed starter cultures is important. This study aimed to isolate the main indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LABs) and yeast species from spontaneous fermented mustard leaves, and they were used as starter cultures to ferment mustard leaves. RESULTS Five predominant LABs, namely Q-1 (Enterococcus faecalis), G-1 (Lactobacillus plantarum), G-3 (Lactobacillus pentosus), and G-2 and G-4 (Lactobacillus buchneri) strains, and the two yeast strains J-1 (Issatchenkia orientalis) and J-2 (Issatchenkia occidentalis) were isolated from cuocai. From the results, Lb. plantarum and I. orientalis strains exhibited strong growth ability, fast acidification, and potent low-pH tolerance. Therefore, they were chosen as the mixed starter cultures to ferment mustard leaves. During the process of culture-dependent fermented mustard leaves, the changes of acidity, total crude protein, and total sugar were similar to those of culture-independent fermented mustard leaves, while the nitrite content of culture-dependent fermented mustard leaves was significantly lower than that of culture-independent fermented cuocai. According to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the main volatile flavor compounds of fermented mustard leaves were alcohols, aldehydes, esters, and sulfides. There was no significant difference of volatile flavor compounds between the processes of culture-dependent and culture-independent fermentations. CONCLUSION Therefore, it was suggested that Lb. plantarum and I. orientalis strains could be used to ferment cuocai instead of the traditional ferment method to control the quality and shelf safety of cuocai. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Miao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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20
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Kieliszek M, Kot AM, Bzducha-Wróbel A, BŁażejak S, Gientka I, Kurcz A. Biotechnological use of Candida yeasts in the food industry: A review. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Isolation and Characterization of Yeasts Able to Assimilate Sugarcane Bagasse Hemicellulosic Hydrolysate and Produce Xylitol Associated with Veturius transversus (Passalidae, Coleoptera, and Insecta). Int J Microbiol 2017; 2017:5346741. [PMID: 28676827 PMCID: PMC5476882 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5346741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeasts are an important component of insect gut microbial content, playing roles such as degradation of polymers and toxic compounds, biological control, and hormone, vitamin, and digestive enzyme production. The xylophagous beetle gut is a hyperdiverse habitat and a potential source of new species with industrial abilities such as enzyme production, pentose fermentation, and biodetoxification. In this work, samples of Veturius transversus (Passalidae, Coleoptera, and Insecta) were collected from the Central Amazon Rainforest. Their guts were dissected and a total of 20 microbial colonies were isolated using sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate. They were identified as having 10 distinct biochemical profiles, and genetic analysis allowed identification as three clades in the genera Candida, Williopsis, and Geotrichum. All colonies were able to assimilate D-xylose and 18 were able to produce xylitol, especially a strain of Geotrichum, with a maximum yield of 0.502 g·g−1. These results agree with a previous prediction that the microbial community associated with xylophagous insects is a promising source of species of biotechnological interest.
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22
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Chitty JL, Fraser JA. Purine Acquisition and Synthesis by Human Fungal Pathogens. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5020033. [PMID: 28594372 PMCID: PMC5488104 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While members of the Kingdom Fungi are found across many of the world's most hostile environments, only a limited number of species can thrive within the human host. The causative agents of the most common invasive fungal infections are Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cryptococcus neoformans. During the infection process, these fungi must not only combat the host immune system while adapting to dramatic changes in temperature and pH, but also acquire sufficient nutrients to enable growth and dissemination in the host. One class of nutrients required by fungi, which is found in varying concentrations in their environmental niches and the human host, is the purines. These nitrogen-containing heterocycles are one of the most abundant organic molecules in nature and are required for roles as diverse as signal transduction, energy metabolism and DNA synthesis. The most common life-threatening fungal pathogens can degrade, salvage and synthesize de novo purines through a number of enzymatic steps that are conserved. While these enable them to adapt to the changing purine availability in the environment, only de novo purine biosynthesis is essential during infection and therefore an attractive antimycotic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Chitty
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - James A Fraser
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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23
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Xie Y, Qiu N, Wang G. Toward a better guard of coastal water safety-Microbial distribution in coastal water and their facile detection. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 118:5-16. [PMID: 28215556 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Prosperous development in marine-based tourism has raised increasing concerns over the sanitary quality of coastal waters with potential microbial contamination. The World Health Organization has set stringent standards over a list of pathogenic microorganisms posing potential threats to people with frequent coastal water exposure and has asked for efficient detection procedures for pathogen facile identification. Inspection of survey events regarding the occurrence of marine pathogens in recreational beaches in recent years has reinforced the need for the development of a rapid identification procedure. In this review, we examine the possibility of recruiting uniform molecular assays to identify different marine pathogens and the feasibility of appropriate biomarkers, including enterochelin biosynthetic genes, for general toxicity assays. The focus is not only on bacterial pathogens but also on other groups of infectious pathogens. The ultimate goal is the development of a handy method to more efficiently and rapidly detect marine pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxuan Xie
- Tianjin University Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ning Qiu
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Tianjin University Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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24
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A diversity study of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera in rice wine starter nuruk, reveals the evolutionary process associated with its interspecies hybrid. J Microbiol 2017; 55:337-343. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-7115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Lachance MA. Metschnikowia: half tetrads, a regicide and the fountain of youth. Yeast 2016; 33:563-574. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Lachance
- Department of Biology; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada N6A 5B7
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26
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Abstract
Yeast systematics has wholeheartedly embraced the phylogenetic approach. Central to this has been the unspoken convention that taxa at all ranks be strictly monophyletic. This can result in a proliferation of small genera and instances of nomenclatural instability, counter to the expected benefit of phylogenetic systematics. But the literature abounds with examples, at all taxonomic levels, where paraphyly is a reality that can no longer be ignored. The very concepts of Bacteria or Archaea, under the constraint of monophyly, are in peril. It is therefore desirable to effect a shift in practices that will recognize the existence of paraphyletic taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Lachance
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
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27
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Schneider K, Resl P, Spribille T. Escape from the cryptic species trap: lichen evolution on both sides of a cyanobacterial acquisition event. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3453-68. [PMID: 27037681 PMCID: PMC5324663 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Large, architecturally complex lichen symbioses arose only a few times in evolution, increasing thallus size by orders of magnitude over those from which they evolved. The innovations that enabled symbiotic assemblages to acquire and maintain large sizes are unknown. We mapped morphometric data against an eight-locus fungal phylogeny across one of the best-sampled thallus size transition events, the origins of the Placopsis lichen symbiosis, and used a phylogenetic comparative framework to explore the role of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in size differences. Thallus thickness increased by >150% and fruiting body core volume increased ninefold on average after acquisition of cyanobacteria. Volume of cyanobacteria-containing structures (cephalodia), once acquired, correlates with thallus thickness in both phylogenetic generalized least squares and phylogenetic generalized linear mixed-effects analyses. Our results suggest that the availability of nitrogen is an important factor in the formation of large thalli. Cyanobacterial symbiosis appears to have enabled lichens to overcome size constraints in oligotrophic environments such as acidic, rain-washed rock surfaces. In the case of the Placopsis fungal symbiont, this has led to an adaptive radiation of more than 60 recognized species from related crustose members of the genus Trapelia. Our data suggest that precyanobacterial symbiotic lineages were constrained to forming a narrow range of phenotypes, so-called cryptic species, leading systematists until now to recognize only six of the 13 species clusters we identified in Trapelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Schneider
- Institute of Plant SciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHolteigasse 6A‐8010GrazAustria
- Institute of ZoologyUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 2A‐8010GrazAustria
| | - Philipp Resl
- Institute of Plant SciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHolteigasse 6A‐8010GrazAustria
| | - Toby Spribille
- Institute of Plant SciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHolteigasse 6A‐8010GrazAustria
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of Montana32 Campus DriveMissoulaMT59812USA
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28
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Kot AM, Błażejak S, Kurcz A, Gientka I, Kieliszek M. Rhodotorula glutinis-potential source of lipids, carotenoids, and enzymes for use in industries. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6103-6117. [PMID: 27209039 PMCID: PMC4916194 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rhodotorula glutinis is capable of synthesizing numerous valuable compounds with a wide industrial usage. Biomass of this yeast constitutes sources of microbiological oils, and the whole pool of fatty acids is dominated by oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acid. Due to its composition, the lipids may be useful as a source for the production of the so-called third-generation biodiesel. These yeasts are also capable of synthesizing carotenoids such as β-carotene, torulene, and torularhodin. Due to their health-promoting characteristics, carotenoids are commonly used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries. They are also used as additives in fodders for livestock, fish, and crustaceans. A significant characteristic of R. glutinis is its capability to produce numerous enzymes, in particular, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). This enzyme is used in the food industry in the production of l-phenylalanine that constitutes the substrate for the synthesis of aspartame—a sweetener commonly used in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Kot
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kurcz
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Gientka
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Regulation of Telomere Length Requires a Conserved N-Terminal Domain of Rif2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2015; 201:573-86. [PMID: 26294668 PMCID: PMC4596670 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.177899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of telomere length equilibrium is essential for cell growth and survival since critically short telomeres signal DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. While the broad principles of length regulation are well established, the molecular mechanism of how these steps occur is not fully understood. We mutagenized the RIF2 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to understand how this protein blocks excess telomere elongation. We identified an N-terminal domain in Rif2 that is essential for length regulation, which we have termed BAT domain for Blocks Addition of Telomeres. Tethering this BAT domain to Rap1 blocked telomere elongation not only in rif2Δ mutants but also in rif1Δ and rap1C-terminal deletion mutants. Mutation of a single amino acid in the BAT domain, phenylalanine at position 8 to alanine, recapitulated the rif2Δ mutant phenotype. Substitution of F8 with tryptophan mimicked the wild-type phenylalanine, suggesting the aromatic amino acid represents a protein interaction site that is essential for telomere length regulation.
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Ventolini G. Wet Mount Appearance of Candida dubliniensis: A Resistant Fungus That Colonizes Vagina. J Gynecol Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/gyn.2015.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Ventolini
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Permian Basin, Odessa, TX
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Pozo MI, Herrera CM, Van den Ende W, Verstrepen K, Lievens B, Jacquemyn H. The impact of nectar chemical features on phenotypic variation in two related nectar yeasts. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv055. [PMID: 25994159 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Floral nectars become easily colonized by microbes, most often species of the ascomycetous yeast genus Metschnikowia. Although it is known that nectar composition can vary tremendously among plant species, most probably corresponding to the nutritional requirements of their main pollinators, far less is known about how variation in nectar chemistry affects intraspecific variation in nectarivorous yeasts. Because variation in nectar traits probably affects growth and abundance of nectar yeasts, nectar yeasts can be expected to display large phenotypic variation in order to cope with varying nectar conditions. To test this hypothesis, we related variation in the phenotypic landscape of a vast collection of nectar-living yeast isolates from two Metschnikowia species (M. reukaufii and M. gruessii) to nectar chemical traits using non-linear redundancy analyses. Nectar yeasts were collected from 19 plant species from different plant families to include as much variation in nectar chemical traits as possible. As expected, nectar yeasts displayed large variation in phenotypic traits, particularly in traits related to growth performance in carbon sources and inhibitors, which was significantly related to the host plant from which they were isolated. Total sugar concentration and relative fructose content significantly explained the observed variation in the phenotypic profile of the investigated yeast species, indicating that sugar concentration and composition are the key traits that affect phenotypic variation in nectarivorous yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I Pozo
- KU Leuven, Biology Department, Plant Population and Conservation Biology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Carlos M Herrera
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin Verstrepen
- Flemish Institute for Biotechnology, Laboratory for Systems Biology & Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG) Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Cluster for Bioengineering Technology (CBeT), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Campus De Nayer, Fortsesteenweg 30 A, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- KU Leuven, Biology Department, Plant Population and Conservation Biology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Löser C, Urit T, Bley T. Perspectives for the biotechnological production of ethyl acetate by yeasts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5397-415. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhang L, Gao W, Chen X, Wang H. The Effect of Bioprocessing on the Phenolic Acid Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Wheat Bran. Cereal Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-03-13-0056-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- Corresponding author. Phone: +86 2287401895. E-mail:
| | - Xuetao Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
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Aboveground Deadwood Deposition Supports Development of Soil Yeasts. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/d4040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Yurkov AM, Kemler M, Begerow D. Species accumulation curves and incidence-based species richness estimators to appraise the diversity of cultivable yeasts from beech forest soils. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23671. [PMID: 21858201 PMCID: PMC3155558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yeast-like fungi inhabit soils throughout all climatic zones in a great abundance. While recent estimations predicted a plethora of prokaryotic taxa in one gram of soil, similar data are lacking for fungi, especially yeasts. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We assessed the diversity of soil yeasts in different forests of central Germany using cultivation-based techniques with subsequent identification based on rDNA sequence data. Based on experiments using various pre-cultivation sample treatment and different cultivation media we obtained the highest number of yeasts by analysing mixed soil samples with a single nutrient-rich medium. Additionally, several species richness estimators were applied to incidence-based data of 165 samples. All of them predicted a similar range of yeast diversity, namely 14 to 16 species. Randomized species richness curves reached saturation in all applied estimators, thus indicating that the majority of species is detected after approximately 30 to 50 samples analysed. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In this study we demonstrate that robust species identification as well as mathematical approaches are essential to reliably estimate the sampling effort needed to describe soil yeast communities. This approach has great potential for optimisation of cultivation techniques and allows high throughput analysis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey M Yurkov
- Geobotany, Department of Evolution and Biodiversity of Plants, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Barnett JA. A history of research on yeasts 14: medical yeasts part 2, Cryptococcus neoformans. Yeast 2011; 27:875-904. [PMID: 20641025 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James A Barnett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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Quality assessment of lager brewery yeast samples and strains using barley malt extracts with anti-yeast activity. Food Microbiol 2009; 26:192-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Barnett JA. A history of research on yeasts 13. Active transport and the uptake of various metabolites. Yeast 2008; 25:689-731. [PMID: 18951365 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James A Barnett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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Optimised quantification of the antiyeast activity of different barley malts towards a lager brewing yeast strain. Food Microbiol 2008; 25:895-901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Barnett JA. A history of research on yeasts 12: medical yeasts part 1, Candida albicans. Yeast 2008; 25:385-417. [PMID: 18509848 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James A Barnett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Pscheidt B, Glieder A. Yeast cell factories for fine chemical and API production. Microb Cell Fact 2008; 7:25. [PMID: 18684335 PMCID: PMC2628649 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-7-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review gives an overview of different yeast strains and enzyme classes involved in yeast whole-cell biotransformations. A focus was put on the synthesis of compounds for fine chemical and API (= active pharmaceutical ingredient) production employing single or only few-step enzymatic reactions. Accounting for recent success stories in metabolic engineering, the construction and use of synthetic pathways was also highlighted. Examples from academia and industry and advances in the field of designed yeast strain construction demonstrate the broad significance of yeast whole-cell applications. In addition to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, alternative yeast whole-cell biocatalysts are discussed such as Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp., Geotrichum sp., Issatchenkia sp., Kloeckera sp., Kluyveromyces sp., Pichia sp. (including Hansenula polymorpha = P. angusta), Rhodotorula sp., Rhodosporidium sp., alternative Saccharomyces sp., Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Torulopsis sp., Trichosporon sp., Trigonopsis variabilis, Yarrowia lipolytica and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Pscheidt
- Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis GmbH, Petersgasse 14/3, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Donalies UEB, Nguyen HTT, Stahl U, Nevoigt E. Improvement of Saccharomyces yeast strains used in brewing, wine making and baking. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 111:67-98. [PMID: 18463806 DOI: 10.1007/10_2008_099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Yeast was the first microorganism domesticated by mankind. Indeed, the production of bread and alcoholic beverages such as beer and wine dates from antiquity, even though the fact that the origin of alcoholic fermentation is a microorganism was not known until the nineteenth century. The use of starter cultures in yeast industries became a common practice after methods for the isolation of pure yeast strains were developed. Moreover, effort has been undertaken to improve these strains, first by classical genetic methods and later by genetic engineering. In general, yeast strain development has aimed at improving the velocity and efficiency of the respective production process and the quality of the final products. This review highlights the achievements in genetic engineering of Saccharomyces yeast strains applied in food and beverage industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute E B Donalies
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Berlin University of Technology, Seestr. 13, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Barnett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Eddy AA, Barnett JA. A history of research on yeasts 11. The study of solute transport: the first 90 years, simple and facilitated diffusion1. Yeast 2007; 24:1023-59. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2005. [PMID: 15773059 PMCID: PMC7169799 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, this current awareness service is provided by John Wiley & Sons and contains newly‐published material on yeasts. Each bibliography is divided into 10 sections. 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 General; 3 Biochemistry; 4 Biotechnology; 5 Cell Biology; 6 Gene Expression; 7 Genetics; 8 Physiology; 9 Medical Mycology; 10 Recombinant DNA Technology. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. (4 weeks journals ‐ search completed 10th. Nov. 2004)
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Barnett JA, Entian KD. A history of research on yeasts 9: regulation of sugar metabolism. Yeast 2005; 22:835-94. [PMID: 16134093 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James A Barnett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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