1
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Gidden Z, Oi C, Johnston EJ, Konieczna Z, Bhaskar H, Mendive-Tapia L, de Moliner F, Rosser SJ, Mochrie SGJ, Vendrell M, Horrocks MH, Regan L. Imaging Proteins Sensitive to Direct Fusions Using Transient Peptide-Peptide Interactions. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10633-10641. [PMID: 37916770 PMCID: PMC10683072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy enables specific visualization of proteins in living cells and has played an important role in our understanding of the protein subcellular location and function. Some proteins, however, show altered localization or function when labeled using direct fusions to fluorescent proteins, making them difficult to study in live cells. Additionally, the resolution of fluorescence microscopy is limited to ∼200 nm, which is 2 orders of magnitude larger than the size of most proteins. To circumvent these challenges, we previously developed LIVE-PAINT, a live-cell super-resolution approach that takes advantage of short interacting peptides to transiently bind a fluorescent protein to the protein-of-interest. Here, we successfully use LIVE-PAINT to image yeast membrane proteins that do not tolerate the direct fusion of a fluorescent protein by using peptide tags as short as 5-residues. We also demonstrate that it is possible to resolve multiple proteins at the nanoscale concurrently using orthogonal peptide interaction pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Gidden
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, U.K.
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Curran Oi
- Department
of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Emily J. Johnston
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, U.K.
- Centre
for Engineering Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K.
| | - Zuzanna Konieczna
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K.
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, U.K.
| | - Haresh Bhaskar
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, U.K.
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K.
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, U.K.
| | - Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, U.K.
- Centre
for
Inflammation Research, The University of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, U.K.
| | - Fabio de Moliner
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, U.K.
- Centre
for
Inflammation Research, The University of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, U.K.
| | - Susan J. Rosser
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, U.K.
- Centre
for Engineering Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K.
| | - Simon G. J. Mochrie
- Department
of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Integrated
Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Marc Vendrell
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, U.K.
- Centre
for
Inflammation Research, The University of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, U.K.
| | - Mathew H. Horrocks
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K.
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, U.K.
| | - Lynne Regan
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, U.K.
- Centre
for Engineering Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K.
- Integrated
Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Institute
of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, U.K.
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2
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Salas-Navarrete PC, Rosas-Santiago P, Suárez-Rodríguez R, Martínez A, Caspeta L. Adaptive responses of yeast strains tolerant to acidic pH, acetate, and supraoptimal temperature. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12556-7. [PMID: 37178307 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol fermentations can be prematurely halted as Saccharomyces cerevisiae faces adverse conditions, such as acidic pH, presence of acetic acid, and supraoptimal temperatures. The knowledge on yeast responses to these conditions is essential to endowing a tolerant phenotype to another strain by targeted genetic manipulation. In this study, physiological and whole-genome analyses were conducted to obtain insights on molecular responses which potentially render yeast tolerant towards thermoacidic conditions. To this end, we used thermotolerant TTY23, acid tolerant AT22, and thermo-acid tolerant TAT12 strains previously generated by adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments. The results showed an increase in thermoacidic profiles in the tolerant strains. The whole-genome sequence revealed the importance of genes related to: H+, iron, and glycerol transport (i.e., PMA1, FRE1/2, JEN1, VMA2, VCX1, KHA1, AQY3, and ATO2); transcriptional regulation of stress responses to drugs, reactive oxygen species and heat-shock (i.e., HSF1, SKN7, BAS1, HFI1, and WAR1); and adjustments of fermentative growth and stress responses by glucose signaling pathways (i.e., ACS1, GPA1/2, RAS2, IRA2, and REG1). At 30 °C and pH 5.5, more than a thousand differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in each strain. The integration of results revealed that evolved strains adjust their intracellular pH by H+ and acetic acid transport, modify their metabolism and stress responses via glucose signaling pathways, control of cellular ATP pools by regulating translation and de novo synthesis of nucleotides, and direct the synthesis, folding and rescue of proteins throughout the heat-shock stress response. Moreover, the motifs analysis in mutated transcription factors suggested a significant association of SFP1, YRR1, BAS1, HFI1, HSF1, and SKN7 TFs with DEGs found in thermoacidic tolerant yeast strains. KEY POINTS: • All the evolved strains overexpressed the plasma membrane H+ -ATPase PMA1 at optimal conditions • Tolerant strain TAT12 mutated genes encoding weak acid and heat response TFs HSF1, SKN7, and WAR1 • TFs HSF1 and SKN7 likely controlled the transcription of metabolic genes associated to heat and acid tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisciluis Caheri Salas-Navarrete
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, 62209, Morelos, México
| | - Paul Rosas-Santiago
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, 62210, Morelos, México
| | - Ramón Suárez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, 62209, Morelos, México
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, 62210, Morelos, México
| | - Luis Caspeta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, 62210, Morelos, México.
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3
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Regulation of yeast Snf1 (AMPK) by a polyhistidine containing pH sensing module. iScience 2022; 25:105083. [PMID: 36147951 PMCID: PMC9486060 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular regulation of pH is crucial for internal biological processes and for the import and export of ions and nutrients. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the major proton pump (Pma1) is regulated by glucose. Glucose is also an inhibitor of the energy sensor Snf1/AMPK, which is conserved in all eukaryotes. Here, we demonstrate that a poly-histidine (polyHIS) tract in the pre-kinase region (PKR) of Snf1 functions as a pH-sensing module (PSM) and regulates Snf1 activity. This regulation is independent from, and unaffected by, phosphorylation at T210, the major regulatory control of Snf1, but is controlled by the Pma1 plasma-membrane proton pump. By examining the PKR from additional yeast species, and by varying the number of histidines in the PKR, we determined that the polyHIS functions progressively. This regulation mechanism links the activity of a key enzyme with the metabolic status of the cell at any given moment.
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4
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Tung TT, Nielsen J. Drug Discovery and Development on Pma1, Where Are We Now? A Critical Review from 1995 to 2022. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200356. [PMID: 36094750 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane H+ -ATPase (Pma1) is an enzyme uniquely found in plants and fungi. The enzyme controls the nutrient uptake of plants and fungi via an electrochemical gradient processes, which is essential for their survival. Inhibiting Pma1, therefore, constitutes an alternative antifungal target void of toxicity to humans. From a medicinal chemistry point of view, this review provides a first summary of the recent drug design, synthesis, evaluation, and discovery of molecules targeting Pma1 for 25 years from 1995 to 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong-Thanh Tung
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University, Hanoi, 12116, Vietnam.,PHENIKAA Institute for Advanced Study (PIAS), PHENIKAA University, Hanoi, 12116, Vietnam
| | - John Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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5
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Dias T, Pimentel V, Cogo AJD, Costa R, Bertolazi AA, Miranda C, de Souza SB, Melo J, Carolino M, Varma A, Eutrópio F, Olivares FL, Ramos AC, Cruz C. The Free-Living Stage Growth Conditions of the Endophytic Fungus Serendipita indica May Regulate Its Potential as Plant Growth Promoting Microbe. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:562238. [PMID: 33072023 PMCID: PMC7536269 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.562238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Serendipita indica (former Piriformospora indica) is a non-obligate endophytic fungus and generally a plant growth and defence promoter with high potential to be used in agriculture. However, S. indica may switch from biotrophy to saprotrophy losing its plant growth promoting traits. Our aim was to understand if the free-living stage growth conditions (namely C availability) regulate S. indica’s phenotype, and its potential as plant-growth-promoting-microbe (PGPM). We grew S. indica in its free-living stage under increasing C availabilities (2–20 g L–1 of glucose or sucrose). We first characterised the effect of C availability during free-living stage growth on fungal phenotype: colonies growth and physiology (plasma membrane proton pumps, stable isotopic signatures, and potential extracellular decomposing enzymes). The effect of the C availability during the free-living stage of the PGPM was evaluated on wheat. We observed that C availability during the free-living stage regulated S. indica’s growth, ultrastructure and physiology, resulting in two distinct colony phenotypes: compact and explorer. The compact phenotype developed at low C, used peptone as the major C and N source, and displayed higher decomposing potential for C providing substrates; while the explorer phenotype developed at high C, used glucose and sucrose as major C sources and casein and yeast extract as major N sources, and displayed higher decomposing potential for N and P providing substrates. The C availability, or the C/N ratio, during the free-living stage left a legacy to the symbiosis stage, regulating S. indica’s potential to promote plant growth: wheat growth promotion by the explorer phenotype was ± 40% higher than that by the compact phenotype. Our study highlights the importance of considering microbial ecology in designing PGPM/biofertilizers. Further studies are needed to test the phenotypes under more extreme conditions, and to understand if the in vitro acquired characteristics persist under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Dias
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vívian Pimentel
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Costa
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Amanda Azevedo Bertolazi
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Camila Miranda
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Sávio Bastos de Souza
- Plant Physiology Lab, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Juliana Melo
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Carolino
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | | | - Fábio Lopes Olivares
- Cell Tissue and Biology Lab, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Coutinho Ramos
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Cristina Cruz
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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6
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Birkeland ES, Koch LM, Dechant R. Another Consequence of the Warburg Effect? Metabolic Regulation of Na +/H + Exchangers May Link Aerobic Glycolysis to Cell Growth. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1561. [PMID: 32974190 PMCID: PMC7462004 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To adjust cell growth and proliferation to changing environmental conditions or developmental requirements, cells have evolved a remarkable network of signaling cascades that integrates cues from cellular metabolism, growth factor availability and a large variety of stresses. In these networks, cellular information flow is mostly mediated by posttranslational modifications, most notably phosphorylation, or signaling molecules such as GTPases. Yet, a large body of evidence also implicates cytosolic pH (pHc) as a highly conserved cellular signal driving cell growth and proliferation, suggesting that pH-dependent protonation of specific proteins also regulates cellular signaling. In mammalian cells, pHc is regulated by growth factor derived signals and responds to metabolic cues in response to glucose stimulation. Importantly, high pHc has also been identified as a hall mark of cancer, but mechanisms of pH regulation in cancer are only poorly understood. Here, we discuss potential mechanisms of pH regulation with emphasis on metabolic signals regulating pHc by Na+/H+-exchangers. We hypothesize that elevated NHE activity and pHc in cancer are a direct consequence of the metabolic adaptations in tumor cells including enhanced aerobic glycolysis, generally referred to as the Warburg effect. This hypothesis not only provides an explanation for the growth advantage conferred by a switch to aerobic glycolysis beyond providing precursors for accumulation of biomass, but also suggests that treatments targeting pH regulation as a potential anti-cancer therapy may effectively target the result of altered tumor cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Salmorin Birkeland
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Science Zurich, Ph.D. Program for Molecular Life Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Maria Koch
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Science Zurich, Ph.D. Program for Molecular Life Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dechant
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Devare MN, Kim YH, Jung J, Kang WK, Kwon K, Kim J. TORC1 signaling regulates cytoplasmic pH through Sir2 in yeast. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13151. [PMID: 32449834 PMCID: PMC7294778 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose controls the phosphorylation of silent information regulator 2 (Sir2), a NAD+‐dependent protein deacetylase, which regulates the expression of the ATP‐dependent proton pump Pma1 and replicative lifespan (RLS) in yeast. TORC1 signaling, which is a central regulator of cell growth and lifespan, is regulated by glucose as well as nitrogen sources. In this study, we demonstrate that TORC1 signaling controls Sir2 phosphorylation through casein kinase 2 (CK2) to regulate PMA1 expression and cytoplasmic pH (pHc) in yeast. Inhibition of TORC1 signaling by either TOR1 deletion or rapamycin treatment decreased PMA1 expression, pHc, and vacuolar pH, whereas activation of TORC1 signaling by expressing constitutively active GTR1 (GTR1Q65L) resulted in the opposite phenotypes. Deletion of SIR2 or expression of a phospho‐mutant form of SIR2 increased PMA1 expression, pHc, and vacuolar pH in the tor1Δ mutant, suggesting a functional interaction between Sir2 and TORC1 signaling. Furthermore, deletion of TOR1 or KNS1 encoding a LAMMER kinase decreased the phosphorylation level of Sir2, suggesting that TORC1 signaling controls Sir2 phosphorylation. It was also found that Sit4, a protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)‐like phosphatase, and Kns1 are required for TORC1 signaling to regulate PMA1 expression and that TORC1 signaling and the cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway converge on CK2 to regulate PMA1 expression through Sir2. Taken together, these findings suggest that TORC1 signaling regulates PMA1 expression and pHc through the CK2–Sir2 axis, which is also controlled by cAMP/PKA signaling in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Nimbadas Devare
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
| | - Yeong Hyeock Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
| | - Joohye Jung
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
| | - Woo Kyu Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
| | - Ki‐Sun Kwon
- Aging Intervention Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Daejeon Korea
| | - Jeong‐Yoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
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8
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Lipid production in Dunaliella salina under autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic conditions. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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9
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Castanheira DD, Santana EP, Godoy-Santos F, Diniz RHS, Faria-Oliveira F, Pereira RR, Trópia MJM, Castro IM, Brandão RL. Lpx1p links glucose-induced calcium signaling and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. FEMS Yeast Res 2018; 18:4643176. [PMID: 29177424 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In yeast, as in other eukaryotes, calcium plays an essential role in signaling transduction to regulate different processes. Many pieces of evidence suggest that glucose-induced activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase, essential for yeast physiology, is related to calcium signaling. Until now, no protein that could be regulated by calcium in this context has been identified. Lpx1p, a serine-protease that is also involved in the glucose-induced activation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, could be a candidate to respond to intracellular calcium signaling involved in this process. In this work, by using different approaches, we obtained many pieces of evidence suggesting that the requirement of calcium signaling for activation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase is due to its requirement for activation of Lpx1p. According to the current model, activation of Lpx1p would cause hydrolysis of an acetylated tubulin that maintains the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in an inactive state. Therefore, after its activation, Lpx1p would hydrolyze the acetylated tubulin making the plasma membrane H+-ATPase accessible for phosphorylation by at least one protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Dias Castanheira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Perovano Santana
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Godoy-Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Raphael Hermano Santos Diniz
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Fábio Faria-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Rebeca Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Maria José Magalhães Trópia
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Ieso Miranda Castro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Rogelio Lopes Brandão
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
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10
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Cellobiose Consumption Uncouples Extracellular Glucose Sensing and Glucose Metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.00855-17. [PMID: 28790206 PMCID: PMC5550752 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00855-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis is central to energy metabolism in most organisms and is highly regulated to enable optimal growth. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, feedback mechanisms that control flux through glycolysis span transcriptional control to metabolite levels in the cell. Using a cellobiose consumption pathway, we decoupled glucose sensing from carbon utilization, revealing new modular layers of control that induce ATP consumption to drive rapid carbon fermentation. Alterations of the beta subunit of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK2), H+-plasma membrane ATPase (PMA1), and glucose sensors (SNF3 and RGT2) revealed the importance of coupling extracellular glucose sensing to manage ATP levels in the cell. Controlling the upper bound of cellular ATP levels may be a general mechanism used to regulate energy levels in cells, via a regulatory network that can be uncoupled from ATP concentrations under perceived starvation conditions. Living cells are fine-tuned through evolution to thrive in their native environments. Genome alterations to create organisms for specific biotechnological applications may result in unexpected and undesired phenotypes. We used a minimal synthetic biological system in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a platform to reveal novel connections between carbon sensing, starvation conditions, and energy homeostasis.
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11
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Lee Y, Nasution O, Lee YM, Kim E, Choi W, Kim W. Overexpression of PMA1 enhances tolerance to various types of stress and constitutively activates the SAPK pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:229-239. [PMID: 27730338 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PMA1 encodes a transmembrane polypeptide that functions to pump protons out of the cell. Ectopic PMA1 overexpression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae enhances tolerance to weak acids, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ethanol, and changes the following physiological properties: better proton efflux, lower membrane permeability, and lessened internal hydrogen peroxide production. The enhanced stress tolerance was dependent on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Hog1 of the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, but not the MAPK Slt2 of the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway; however, a PMA1 overexpression constitutively activated both Hog1 and Slt2. The constitutive Hog1 activation required the MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K) Ssk2 of the HOG pathway, but not Ste11 and Ssk22, two other MAP3Ks of the same pathway. The constitutive Slt2 activation did not require Rom2 and the membrane sensors of the CWI pathway, whereas Bck1 was indispensable. The PMA1 overexpression activated the stress response element but not the cyclic AMP response element and the Rlm1 transcription factor. PMA1 overexpression may facilitate the construction of industrial strains with simultaneous tolerance to weak acids, ROS, and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03766, South Korea
| | - Olviyani Nasution
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03766, South Korea
| | - Young Mi Lee
- Department of Life Sciences College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03766, South Korea
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Wonja Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03766, South Korea.
- Department of Life Sciences College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03766, South Korea.
| | - Wankee Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
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12
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Yenush L. Potassium and Sodium Transport in Yeast. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 892:187-228. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25304-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Mazón MJ, Eraso P, Portillo F. Specific phosphoantibodies reveal two phosphorylation sites in yeast Pma1 in response to glucose. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 15:fov030. [PMID: 26019146 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fov030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose triggers post-translational modifications of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase (Pma1) that lead to an increase in enzyme activity. The activation results from changes in two kinetic parameters: an increase in the affinity of the enzyme for ATP, depending on Ser899, and an increase in the Vmax involving Ser911/Thr912. Using phosphospecific antibodies, we show that Ser899 and Ser911/Thr912 are phosphorylated in vivo during glucose activation and that protein phosphatase Glc7 is involved in the dephosphorylation of Ser899 upon glucose starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Mazón
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Eraso
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Portillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Cytosolic pH Regulates Cell Growth through Distinct GTPases, Arf1 and Gtr1, to Promote Ras/PKA and TORC1 Activity. Mol Cell 2014; 55:409-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Campetelli AN, Monesterolo NE, Previtali G, Santander VS, Amaiden MR, Arce CA, Valdez-Taubas J, Casale CH. Activation of H+-ATPase by glucose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves a membrane serine protease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3593-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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A genomewide screen for tolerance to cationic drugs reveals genes important for potassium homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2011; 10:1241-50. [PMID: 21724935 DOI: 10.1128/ec.05029-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Potassium homeostasis is crucial for living cells. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the uptake of potassium is driven by the electrochemical gradient generated by the Pma1 H(+)-ATPase, and this process represents a major consumer of the gradient. We considered that any mutation resulting in an alteration of the electrochemical gradient could give rise to anomalous sensitivity to any cationic drug independently of its toxicity mechanism. Here, we describe a genomewide screen for mutants that present altered tolerance to hygromycin B, spermine, and tetramethylammonium. Two hundred twenty-six mutant strains displayed altered tolerance to all three drugs (202 hypersensitive and 24 hypertolerant), and more than 50% presented a strong or moderate growth defect at a limiting potassium concentration (1 mM). Functional groups such as protein kinases and phosphatases, intracellular trafficking, transcription, or cell cycle and DNA processing were enriched. Essentially, our screen has identified a substantial number of genes that were not previously described to play a direct or indirect role in potassium homeostasis. A subset of 27 representative mutants were selected and subjected to diverse biochemical tests that, in some cases, allowed us to postulate the basis for the observed phenotypes.
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17
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Orij R, Brul S, Smits GJ. Intracellular pH is a tightly controlled signal in yeast. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:933-44. [PMID: 21421024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly all processes in living cells are pH dependent, which is why intracellular pH (pH(i)) is a tightly regulated physiological parameter in all cellular systems. However, in microbes such as yeast, pH(i) responds to extracellular conditions such as the availability of nutrients. This raises the question of how pH(i) dynamics affect cellular function. SCOPE OF REVIEW We discuss the control of pH(i,) and the regulation of processes by pH(i), focusing on the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We aim to dissect the effects of pH(i) on various aspects of cell physiology, which are often intertwined. Our goal is to provide a broad overview of how pH(i) is controlled in yeast, and how pH(i) in turn controls physiology, in the context of both general cellular functioning as well as of cellular decision making upon changes in the cell's environment. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Besides a better understanding of the regulation of pH(i), evidence for a signaling role of pH(i) is accumulating. We conclude that pH(i) responds to nutritional cues and relays this information to alter cellular make-up and physiology. The physicochemical properties of pH allow the signal to be fast, and affect multiple regulatory levels simultaneously. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The mechanisms for regulation of processes by pH(i) are tightly linked to the molecules that are part of all living cells, and the biophysical properties of the signal are universal amongst all living organisms, and similar types of regulation are suggested in mammals. Therefore, dynamic control of cellular decision making by pH(i) is therefore likely a general trait. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Systems Biology of Microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Orij
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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18
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Abstract
The maintenance of appropriate intracellular concentrations of alkali metal cations, principally K(+) and Na(+), is of utmost importance for living cells, since they determine cell volume, intracellular pH, and potential across the plasma membrane, among other important cellular parameters. Yeasts have developed a number of strategies to adapt to large variations in the concentrations of these cations in the environment, basically by controlling transport processes. Plasma membrane high-affinity K(+) transporters allow intracellular accumulation of this cation even when it is scarce in the environment. Exposure to high concentrations of Na(+) can be tolerated due to the existence of an Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and an Na(+), K(+)/H(+)-antiporter, which contribute to the potassium balance as well. Cations can also be sequestered through various antiporters into intracellular organelles, such as the vacuole. Although some uncertainties still persist, the nature of the major structural components responsible for alkali metal cation fluxes across yeast membranes has been defined within the last 20 years. In contrast, the regulatory components and their interactions are, in many cases, still unclear. Conserved signaling pathways (e.g., calcineurin and HOG) are known to participate in the regulation of influx and efflux processes at the plasma membrane level, even though the molecular details are obscure. Similarly, very little is known about the regulation of organellar transport and homeostasis of alkali metal cations. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date vision of the mechanisms responsible for alkali metal cation transport and their regulation in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to establish, when possible, comparisons with other yeasts and higher plants.
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Ahn SH, Keogh MC, Buratowski S. Ctk1 promotes dissociation of basal transcription factors from elongating RNA polymerase II. EMBO J 2009; 28:205-12. [PMID: 19131970 PMCID: PMC2632940 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2008.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As RNA polymerase II (RNApII) transitions from initiation to elongation, Mediator and the basal transcription factors TFIID, TFIIA, TFIIH, and TFIIE remain at the promoter as part of a scaffold complex, whereas TFIIB and TFIIF dissociate. The yeast Ctk1 kinase associates with elongation complexes and phosphorylates serine 2 in the YSPTSPS repeats of the Rpb1 C-terminal domain, a modification that couples transcription to mRNA 3'-end processing. The higher eukaryotic kinase Cdk9 not only performs a similar function, but also functions at the 5'-end of genes in the transition from initiation to elongation. In strains lacking Ctk1, many basal transcription factors cross-link throughout transcribed regions, apparently remaining associated with RNApII until it terminates. Consistent with this observation, preinitiation complexes formed on immobilized templates with transcription extracts lacking Ctk1 leave lower levels of the scaffold complex behind after escape. Taken together, these results suggest that Ctk1 is necessary for the release of RNApII from basal transcription factors. Interestingly, this function of Ctk1 is independent of its kinase activity, suggesting a structural function of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Ahn
- Division of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Creation of a novel peptide endowing yeasts with acid tolerance using yeast cell-surface engineering. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 82:105-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1761-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Thewes S, Kretschmar M, Park H, Schaller M, Filler SG, Hube B. In vivo and ex vivo comparative transcriptional profiling of invasive and non-invasive Candida albicans isolates identifies genes associated with tissue invasion. Mol Microbiol 2007; 63:1606-28. [PMID: 17367383 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans can cause a wide range of infections and invade multiple organs. To identify C. albicans genes that are expressed during invasion of the liver, we used genome-wide transcriptional profiling in vivo and ex vivo. By analysing the different phases of intraperitoneal infection from attachment to tissue penetration in a time-course experiment and by comparing the profiles of an invasive with those of a non-invasive strain, we identified genes and transcriptional pattern which are associated with the invasion process. This includes genes involved in metabolism, stress, and nutrient uptake, as well as transcriptional programmes regulating morphology and environmental sensing. One of the genes identified as associated with liver invasion was DFG16, a gene crucial for pH-dependent hyphal formation, correct pH sensing, invasion at physiological pH and systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Thewes
- Division Mycology, Robert-Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Eraso P, Mazón MJ, Portillo F. Yeast protein kinase Ptk2 localizes at the plasma membrane and phosphorylates in vitro the C-terminal peptide of the H+-ATPase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2006; 1758:164-70. [PMID: 16510118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2005] [Revised: 11/18/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose triggers posttranslational modifications that increase the activity of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasma membrane H+-ATPase (Pma1). Glucose activation of yeast H+-ATPase results from the change in two kinetic parameters: an increase in the affinity of the enzyme for ATP, depending on Ser899, and an increase in the Vmax involving Thr912. Our previous studies suggested that Ptk2 mediates the Ser899-dependent part of the activation. In this study we find that Ptk2 localized to the plasma membrane in a Triton X-100 insoluble fraction. In vitro phosphorylation assays using a recombinant GST-fusion protein comprising 30 C-terminal amino acids of Pma1 suggest that Ser899 is phosphorylated by Ptk2. Furthermore, we show that the Ptk2 carboxyl terminus is essential for glucose-dependent Pma1 activation and for the phosphorylation of Ser899.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Eraso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Jeffries TW, Jin YS. Ethanol and thermotolerance in the bioconversion of xylose by yeasts. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2003; 47:221-68. [PMID: 12876799 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(00)47006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying ethanol and heat tolerance are complex. Many different genes are involved, and the exact basis is not fully understood. The integrity of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes is critical to maintain proton gradients for metabolic energy and nutrient uptake. Heat and ethanol stress adversely affect membrane integrity. These factors are particularly detrimental to xylose-fermenting yeasts because they require oxygen for biosynthesis of essential cell membrane and nucleic acid constituents, and they depend on respiration for the generation of ATP. Physiological responses to ethanol and heat shock have been studied most extensively in S. cerevisiae. However, comparative biochemical studies with other organisms suggest that similar mechanisms will be important in xylose-fermenting yeasts. The composition of a cell's membrane lipids shifts with temperature, ethanol concentration, and stage of cultivation. Levels of unsaturated fatty acids and ergosterol increase in response to temperature and ethanol stress. Inositol is involved in phospholipid biosynthesis, and it can increase ethanol tolerance when provided as a supplement. Membrane integrity determines the cell's ability to maintain proton gradients for nutrient uptake. Plasma membrane ATPase generates the proton gradient, and the biochemical characteristics of this enzyme contribute to ethanol tolerance. Organisms with higher ethanol tolerance have ATPase activities with low pH optima and high affinity for ATP. Likewise, organisms with ATPase activities that resist ethanol inhibition also function better at high ethanol concentrations. ATPase consumes a significant fraction of the total cellular ATP, and under stress conditions when membrane gradients are compromised the activity of ATPase is regulated. In xylose-fermenting yeasts, the carbon source used for growth affects both ATPase activity and ethanol tolerance. Cells can adapt to heat and ethanol stress by synthesizing trehalose and heat-shock proteins, which stabilize and repair denatured proteins. The capacity of cells to produce trehalose and induce HSPs correlate with their thermotolerance. Both heat and ethanol increase the frequency of petite mutations and kill cells. This might be attributable to membrane effects, but it could also arise from oxidative damage. Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial superoxide dismutases can destroy oxidative radicals and thereby maintain cell viability. Improved knowledge of the mechanisms underlying ethanol and thermotolerance in S. cerevisiae should enable the genetic engineering of these traits in xylose-fermenting yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Jeffries
- Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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24
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Requena N, Breuninger M, Franken P, Ocón A. Symbiotic status, phosphate, and sucrose regulate the expression of two plasma membrane H+-ATPase genes from the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 132:1540-9. [PMID: 12857834 PMCID: PMC167092 DOI: 10.1104/pp.102.019042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2002] [Revised: 01/11/2003] [Accepted: 03/04/2003] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis results in a modification of the gene expression pattern in both plant and fungus to accomplish the morphological and physiological changes necessary for the bidirectional transfer of nutrients between symbionts. H(+)-ATPase enzymes play a key role establishing the electrochemical gradient required for the transfer of nutrients across the plasma membrane in both fungi and plants. Molecular analysis of the genetic changes in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during symbiosis allowed us to isolate a fungal cDNA clone encoding a H(+)-ATPase, GmPMA1, from Glomus mosseae (BEG12). Despite the high conservation of the catalytic domain from H(+)-ATPases, detailed analyses showed that GmPMA1 was strongly related only to a previously identified G. mosseae ATPase gene, GmHA5, and not to the other four ATPase genes known from this fungus. A developmentally regulated expression pattern could be shown for both genes, GmPMA1 and GmHA5. GmPMA1 was highly expressed during asymbiotic development, and its expression did not change when entering into symbiosis, whereas the GmHA5 transcript was induced upon plant recognition at the appressorium stage. Both genes maintained high levels of expression during intraradical development, but their expression was reduced in the extraradical mycelium. Phosphate, a key nutrient to the symbiosis, also induced the expression of GmHA5 during asymbiotic growth, whereas sucrose had a negative effect. Our results indicate that different fungal H(+)-ATPases isoforms might be recruited at different developmental stages possibly responding to the different requirements of the life in symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Requena
- Physiological Ecology of Plants Department, Botanical Institute, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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25
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Nso E, Goffeau A, Dufour JP. Fluctuations during growth of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2002; 47:401-6. [PMID: 12422517 DOI: 10.1007/bf02818697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase activity was determined under various growth conditions using the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Under early batch-growth conditions in a rich medium, the budding yeast S. cerevisiae ATPase specific activity increased 2- to 3-fold during exponential growth. During late exponential growth, a peak of ATPase activity, followed by a sudden decrease, was observed and termed "growth-arrest control". The growth arrest phenomenon of S. cerevisiae could not be related to the acidification of the culture medium or to glucose exhaustion in the medium or to variation of glucose activation of the H(+)-ATPase. Addition of ammonium to a proline minimum medium also stimulated transiently the ATPase activity of S. cerevisiae. Specific activity of the fission yeast S. pombe ATPase did not show a similar profile and steadily increased to reach a plateau in stationary growth. Under synchronous mitotic growth conditions, the ATPase activity of S. cerevisiae increased during the cell division cycle according to the "peak" type cycle, while that of S. pombe was of the "step" type.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nso
- Department of Process Engineering, National Advanced School of Agro-Process Industries (ENSAI), University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
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26
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Souza MAA, Trópia MJ, Brandão RL. New aspects of the glucose activation of the H(+)-ATPase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2001; 147:2849-2855. [PMID: 11577163 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-147-10-2849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The glucose-induced activation of plasma membrane ATPase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was first described by Serrano in 1983. Many aspects of this signal transduction pathway are still obscure. In this paper, evidence is presented for the involvement of Snf3p as the glucose sensor related to this activation process. It is shown that, in addition to glucose detection by Snf3p, sugar transport is also necessary for activation of the ATPase. The participation of the G protein, Gpa2p, in transducing the internal signal (phosphorylated sugars) is also demonstrated. Moreover, the involvement of protein kinase C in the regulation of ATPase activity is confirmed. Finally, a model pathway is presented for sensing and transmission of the glucose activation signal of the yeast H(+)-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A A Souza
- Laboratório de Bioquı́mica e Fisiologia de Microrganismos, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro - 35.400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil1
| | - M J Trópia
- Laboratório de Bioquı́mica e Fisiologia de Microrganismos, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro - 35.400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil1
| | - R L Brandão
- Laboratório de Bioquı́mica e Fisiologia de Microrganismos, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro - 35.400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil1
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27
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de la Fuente N, Portillo F. The cell wall integrity/remodeling MAPK cascade is involved in glucose activation of the yeast plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1509:189-94. [PMID: 11118530 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(00)00293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucose triggers transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that increase the amount and the activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase. In a previous study, we found that a mutation in the Rsp5 ubiquitin-protein ligase enzyme affected the post-transcriptional activation of the enzyme by glucose. Mutations at the RSP5 locus alter the glucose-triggered K(m) decrease. In a genetic screening for multicopy suppressors of the rsp5 mutation, we identified the WSC2/YNL283c gene. Deletion of the WSC2 gene disturbs ATPase activation by glucose, abolishing the K(m) decrease that occurs during this process. Wsc2 is a component of the PKC1-MPK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway that controls the cell wall integrity. Deletion of the MPK1/SLT2 gene disturbs the glucose-triggered K(m) decrease in ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- N de la Fuente
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Figler RA, Omote H, Nakamoto RK, Al-Shawi MK. Use of chemical chaperones in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to enhance heterologous membrane protein expression: high-yield expression and purification of human P-glycoprotein. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000; 376:34-46. [PMID: 10729188 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2000.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing human P-glycoprotein (P-gp), we investigated methods to enhance the heterologous expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Human multidrug resistance gene MDR1 cDNA was placed in a high-copy 2 mu yeast expression plasmid under the control of the inducible GAL1 promoter or the strong constitutive PMA1 promoter from which P-gp was expressed in functional form. Yeast cells expressing P-gp were valinomycin resistant. Basal ATPase activity of P-gp in yeast membranes was 0. 4-0.7 micromol/mg/min indicating excellent functionality. P-glycoprotein expressed in the protease-deficient strain BJ5457 was found in the plasma membrane and was not N-glycosylated. By use of the PMA1 promoter, P-gp could be expressed at 3% of total membrane protein. The expression level could be further enhanced to 8% when cells were grown in the presence of 10% glycerol as a chemical chaperone. Similarly, glycerol enhanced protein levels of P-gp expressed under control of the GAL1 promoter. Glycerol was demonstrated to enhance posttranslational stability of P-gp. Polyhistidine-tagged P-gp was purified by metal affinity chromatography and reconstituted into proteoliposomes in milligram quantities and its ATPase activity was characterized. Turnover numbers as high as 12 s(-1) were observed. The kinetic parameters K(MgATP)(M), V(max), and drug activation were dependent on the lipid composition of proteoliposomes and pH of the assay and were similar to P-gp purified from mammalian sources. In conclusion, we developed a system for cost-effective, high-yield, heterologous expression of functional P-gp useful in producing large quantities of normal and mutant P-gp forms for structural and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Figler
- Department of Molecular Physiology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0736, USA
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29
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Portillo F. Regulation of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase in fungi and plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1469:31-42. [PMID: 10692636 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4157(99)00011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane H+-ATPase from fungi and plants is a proton pump which plays a key role in the physiology of these organisms controlling essential functions such as nutrient uptake and intracellular pH regulation. In fungal and plant cells the activity of the proton pump is regulated by a large number of environmental factors at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. During the last years the powerful tools of molecular biology have been successfully used in fungi and plants allowing the cloning of a wide diversity of H+-ATPase genes and rapid progress on the molecular basis of reaction mechanism and regulation of the proton pump. This review focuses on recent results on regulation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase obtained by molecular approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Portillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, E-28029, Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Pardo JP, Martínez F, Guerra G, Velázquez I, Rendón JL, Mendoza G. An alternative model for the transmembrane segments of the yeast H+-ATPase. Yeast 1999; 15:1585-93. [PMID: 10572256 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(199911)15:15<1585::aid-yea483>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An alternative topological model for the yeast plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase from K. lactis was deduced by joint prediction, using 11 algorithms for the prediction of transmembrane segments complemented with hydrophobic moment analysis. Similarly to the model currently used in the literature, this alternative model contains 10 transmembrane segments, four in the N-half and six in the C-half of the protein. However, the distribution of the membrane-associated segments on the C-half of the enzyme differs in both models. Nine of the 10 transmembrane segments are highly hydrophobic with low hydrophobic moments, and are probably involved in structural roles. The fifth transmembrane segment is, on the other hand, less hydrophobic, with the highest hydrophobic moment, suggesting that this segment might have a dynamic role in the coupling of the hydrolysis of ATP with the translocation of protons across the membrane. The alignment of the Ca(2+)-ATPase, the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and the H(+)-ATPase sequences showed that these proteins have the same topology in the N-half, but important differences were found at the C-half of the enzymes. In contrast with the mammalian ATPases, the fifth transmembrane segment in the H(+)-ATPase appears early in the sequence, giving rise to a shorter cytoplasmic central loop. This alternative model will be useful in the designing of site-directed mutagenesis experiments and contains information for the fitting of the amino acid sequence into the transmembrane region of the three-dimensional model of the ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Pardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-159, 04510 México D.F., México.
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Waśkiewicz-Staniorowska B, Skała J, Jasiński M, Grenson M, Goffeau A, Ułaszewski S. Functional analysis of three adjacent open reading frames from the right arm of yeast chromosome XVI. Yeast 1998; 14:1027-39. [PMID: 9730282 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(199808)14:11<1027::aid-yea295>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A 7.24 kb genomic DNA fragment from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XVI was isolated by complementation of a new temperature-sensitive mutation tsa1. We determined the nucleotide sequence of this fragment located on the right arm of chromosome XVI. Among the three, complete open reading frames: YPR041w, YPR042c and YPR043w contained within this fragment, the gene YPR041w was shown to complement the tsa1 mutation and to correspond to the TIF5 gene encoding an essential protein synthesis initiation translation factor. The YPR042c gene encodes a hypothetical protein of 1075 amino acids containing four putative transmembrane segments and is non-essential for growth. The gene YPR043c encoding the 10 kDa product, highly similar to the human protein L37a from the 60S ribosomal subunit, was found to be essential and a dominant lethal. We conclude that three tightly linked yeast genes are involved in the translation process.
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32
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Mason AB, Kardos TB, Monk BC. Regulation and pH-dependent expression of a bilaterally truncated yeast plasma membrane H+-ATPase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1372:261-71. [PMID: 9675306 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(98)00065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive, chromosomal expression of yeast pma1 deletion alleles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yielded functional, truncated forms of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase which were independently capable of supporting wild type yeast growth rates. Deletion of 27 amino-terminal residues affected neither the enzyme's activity nor its responsiveness to changes in glucose metabolism. By contrast, removal of 18 carboxy-terminal amino acids produced an enzyme with a Vmax that was relatively insensitive to glucose-dependent metabolic status and with a Km that was significantly lower than that of the wild type enzyme. These effects were exaggerated when the amino- and carboxy-terminal deletions were combined in a bilaterally truncated H+-ATPase, suggesting that the amino terminus may have a subtle role in modulating ATPase activity. In pma1DeltaDelta cells cultured at pH 6, plasma membrane H+-ATPase levels were much lower than those in cells expressing a wild type ATPase. Increased expression levels could be achieved by growing the pma1DeltaDelta mutant at pH 3, a result that was at least partially due to a sustained, elevated transcription of pma1DeltaDelta mRNA. Our observations suggest that intracellular proton balance can be maintained by regulation of the activity and/or quantity of H+-ATPase in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Mason
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Oral Sciences, School of Dentistry and the Centre for Gene Research, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin, New Zealand
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33
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Withee JL, Sen R, Cyert MS. Ion tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking the Ca2+/CaM-dependent phosphatase (calcineurin) is improved by mutations in URE2 or PMA1. Genetics 1998; 149:865-78. [PMID: 9611198 PMCID: PMC1460175 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/149.2.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin is a conserved, Ca2+/CaM-stimulated protein phosphatase required for Ca2+-dependent signaling in many cell types. In yeast, calcineurin is essential for growth in high concentrations of Na+, Li+, Mn2+, and OH-, and for maintaining viability during prolonged treatment with mating pheromone. In contrast, the growth of calcineurin-mutant yeast is better than that of wild-type cells in the presence of high concentrations of Ca2+. We identified mutations that suppress multiple growth defects of calcineurin-deficient yeast (cnb1Delta or cna1Delta cna2Delta). Mutations in URE2 suppress the sensitivity of calcineurin mutants to Na+, Li+, and Mn2+, and increase their survival during treatment with mating pheromone. ure2 mutations require both the transcription factor Gln3p and the Na+ ATPase Pmr2p to confer Na+ and Li+ tolerance. Mutations in PMA1, which encodes the yeast plasma membrane H+-ATPase, also suppress many growth defects of calcineurin mutants. pma1 mutants display growth phenotypes that are opposite to those of calcineurin mutants; they are resistant to Na+, Li+, and Mn2+, and sensitive to Ca2+. We also show that calcineurin mutants are sensitive to aminoglycoside antibiotics such as hygromycin B while pma1 mutants are more resistant than wild type. Furthermore, pma1 and calcineurin mutations have antagonistic effects on intracellular [Na+] and [Ca2+]. Finally, we show that yeast expressing a constitutively active allele of calcineurin display pma1-like phenotypes, and that membranes from these yeast have decreased levels of Pma1p activity. These studies further characterize the roles that URE2 and PMA1 play in regulating intracellular ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Withee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020, USA
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34
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Reoyo E, Espeso EA, Peñalva MA, Suárez T. The essential Aspergillus nidulans gene pmaA encodes an homologue of fungal plasma membrane H(+)-ATPases. Fungal Genet Biol 1998; 23:288-99. [PMID: 9680959 DOI: 10.1006/fgbi.1998.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
pmaA, an Aspergillus nidulans gene encoding a P-ATPase, has been cloned by heterologous hybridization with the yeast PMA1 gene. The putative 990-residue PmaA polypeptide shows 50% identity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Neurospora crassa plasma membrane H(+)-ATPases and weak (19-26%) identity to other yeast P-type cation-translocating ATPases. PmaA contains all catalytic domains characterizing H(+)-ATPases. pmaA transcript levels are not regulated by PacC, the transcription factor mediating pH regulation, and were not significantly affected by an extreme creAd mutation resulting in carbon catabolite derepression. Deletion of pmaA causes lethality, but a single copy of the gene is sufficient to support normal growth rate in pmaA hemizygous diploids, even under acidic growth conditions. As compared to other fungal H(+)-ATPases, PmaA presents three insertions, 39, 7, and 16 residues long, in the conserved central region of the protein. Two of these insertions are predicted to be located in extracellular loops and might be of diagnostic value for the identification of Aspergillus species. Their absence from most mammalian P-type ATPases may have implications for antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Reoyo
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (C.S.I.C.), Velázquez, Madrid, Spain
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35
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Abstract
To study the post-translational fate of arginine permease (Can1p), the gene coding for this transport protein was placed behind a constitutive promoter of plasma membrane ATPase (PMA1) and furnished with a Myc tag. In exponential-phase cells the amount of Can1p is constant, although turnover can be demonstrated. A rapid decrease in transport activity during the early stationary phase is paralleled by a corresponding net degradation of the protein. The amount of Can1p present in exponential cells grown on various nitrogen sources is the same, except in arginine-grown cells, in which the amount of the protein is markedly lower. This occurs solely when arginine serves as nitrogen source but not as an immediate consequence of, for example, arginine addition to cells growing on other nitrogen sources. it was demonstrated that Can1p is phosphorylated. Since Can1p expression under the PMA1 promoter is glucose-dependent, the amount of the permease expressed in high-glucose-grown cells is higher than in low-glucose-grown ones. Only a part of the Can1p overexpressed in high-glucose-grown cells is phosphorylated, while in low-glucose-grown cells the phosphorylated form probably represents the majority of Can1p. The permease phosphorylation or dephosphorylation is not related to transinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Opekarová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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36
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de la Fuente N, Maldonado AM, Portillo F. Yeast gene YOR137c is involved in the activation of the yeast plasma membrane H+-ATPase by glucose. FEBS Lett 1997; 420:17-9. [PMID: 9450541 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)01478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucose triggers transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that increase the level and activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasma membrane H+-ATPase. We have studied the post-transcriptional activation of the enzyme by glucose and have found that the YOR137c gene product is implicated in this activation. Deletion of YOR137c does not affect the level of Pma1 at the plasma membrane, but disturbs the glucose-triggered Vmax increase of the enzyme. We propose that at least two independent mechanisms are involved in glucose activation of the H+-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- N de la Fuente
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain
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37
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Braley R, Piper PW. The C-terminus of yeast plasma membrane H+-ATPase is essential for the regulation of this enzyme by heat shock protein Hsp30, but not for stress activation. FEBS Lett 1997; 418:123-6. [PMID: 9414109 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)01359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Several stresses cause additional activation to the glucose-stimulated plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity of yeast, but it is not clear how this is achieved. We recently reported that cells lacking the integral plasma membrane heat shock protein Hsp30 display enhanced increases in plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity with either heat shock or weak organic acid stress (Piper, P.W., Ortiz-Calderon, C., Holyoak, C., Coote, P. and Cole, M. (1997) Cell Stress and Chaperones 2, 12-24), indicating that the stress induction of Hsp30 acts to reduce stress stimulation of the H+-ATPase. In this study it is shown that Hsp30 acts to reduce the Vmax of H+-ATPase in heat shocked cells. Its action is lost with deletion of the C-terminal 11 amino acids of the H+-ATPase, a deletion that does not abolish the stress stimulation of this enzyme. Mutation of the Thr-912 residue within the C-terminal domain of H+-ATPase, a potential site of phosphorylation by the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, also abolishes any effect of Hsp30. Hsp30 may therefore be acting on a Thr-912 phosphorylated form of the H+-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Braley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, UK
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38
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de la Fuente N, Maldonado AM, Portillo F. Glucose activation of the yeast plasma membrane H+-ATPase requires the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway. FEBS Lett 1997; 411:308-12. [PMID: 9271226 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucose triggers transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that increase the level and activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasma membrane H+-ATPase. We have studied the post-transcriptional activation of the enzyme by glucose and have found that Rsp5, a ubiquitin-protein ligase enzyme, Ubc4, a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, and the 26S proteasome complex are implicated in this activation. These results suggest that ATPase activation by glucose requires the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway. This is supported by the fact that over-expression of the ubiquitin-specific protease Ubp2, which cleaves ubiquitin from its branched conjugates, inhibits this activation. We propose that glucose triggers degradation of an inhibitory protein resulting in enzyme activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N de la Fuente
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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39
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Romero I, Maldonado AM, Eraso P. Glucose-independent inhibition of yeast plasma-membrane H+-ATPase by calmodulin antagonists. Biochem J 1997; 322 ( Pt 3):823-8. [PMID: 9148755 PMCID: PMC1218261 DOI: 10.1042/bj3220823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism causes activation of the yeast plasma-membrane H+-ATPase. The molecular mechanism of this regulation is not known, but it is probably mediated by phosphorylation of the enzyme. The involvement in this process of several kinases has been suggested but their actual role has not been proved. The physiological role of a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in glucose-induced activation was investigated by studying the effect of specific calmodulin antagonists on the glucose-induced ATPase kinetic changes in wild-type and two mutant strains affected in the glucose regulation of the enzyme. Preincubation of the cells with calmidazolium or compound 48/80 impeded the increase in ATPase activity by reducing the Vmax of the enzyme without modifying the apparent affinity for ATP in the three strains. In one mutant, pma1-T912A, the putative calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-phosphorylatable Thr-912 was eliminated, and in the other, pma1-P536L, H+-ATPase was constitutively activated, suggesting that the antagonistic effect was not mediated by a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and not related to glucose regulation. This was corroborated when the in vitro effect of the calmodulin antagonists on H+-ATPase activity was tested. Purified plasma membranes from glucose-starved or glucose-fermenting cells from both pma1-P890X, another constitutively activated ATPase mutant, and wild-type strains were preincubated with calmidazolium or melittin. In all cases, ATP hydrolysis was inhibited with an IC50 of approximately 1 microM. This inhibition was reversed by calmodulin. Analysis of the calmodulin-binding protein pattern in the plasma-membrane fraction eliminates ATPase as the calmodulin target protein. We conclude that H+-ATPase inhibition by calmodulin antagonists is mediated by an as yet unidentified calmodulin-dependent membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Romero
- Departamento de Bioqu approximately ímica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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40
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Alexandre H, Mathieu B, Charpentier C. Alteration in membrane fluidity and lipid composition, and modulation of H(+)-ATPase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae caused by decanoic acid. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1996; 142 ( Pt 3):469-475. [PMID: 8868421 DOI: 10.1099/13500872-142-3-469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Decanoic acid, a lipophilic agent, inhibited in vitro the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in YPD medium. Conversely, when decanoic acid (35 microM) was present in the growth medium, the measured H(+)-ATPase activity was four times higher than that of control cells. Km, and pH and orthovanadate sensitivity were the same for the two growth conditions, which indicated that H(+)-ATPase activation was not due to conformational changes in the enzyme. The activation process was not entirely reversible which showed that plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase activation is due to several mechanisms. 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene anisotropy performed on protoplasts from cells grown in YPD revealed that as decanoic acid concentration was increased, anisotropy significantly decreased, i.e. membrance fluidity increased. Cells grown in media containing decanoic acid exhibited greater membrane fluidity compared with control cells. Furthermore, these cells did not show any fluidifying effect when increased concentrations of decanoic acid were added. Chemical analysis of cell membrane lipid composition revealed a modification in the distribution of the phospholipid fatty acids and sterols in cells grown in the presence of 35 microM decanoic acid compared with control cells. Our results support the view that the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase activation induced by decanoic acid is correlated with an alteration in membrane lipid constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herve Alexandre
- Laboratoire d'Oenologie, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bourgogne, 21004 Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Mathieu
- Laboratoire d'Oenologie, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bourgogne, 21004 Dijon, France
| | - Claudine Charpentier
- Laboratoire d'Oenologie, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bourgogne, 21004 Dijon, France
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41
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Svetlov VV, Cooper TG. Review: compilation and characteristics of dedicated transcription factors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 1995; 11:1439-84. [PMID: 8750235 DOI: 10.1002/yea.320111502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V V Svetlov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tennessee, Memphis 36163, USA
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42
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Meyrial V, Delgenes JP, Romieu C, Moletta R, Gounot AM. In vivo ethanol-activation of the plasma membrane ATPase of Pichia stipitis: effect of the carbon source. J Biotechnol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(95)00063-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Meyrial V, Delgenes J, Romieu C, Moletta R, Gounot A. Ethanol tolerance and activity of plasma membrane ATPase in Pichia stipitis grown on d-xylose or on d-glucose. Enzyme Microb Technol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)00065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Viegas CA, Sebastião PB, Nunes AG, Sá-Correia I. Activation of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase and expression of PMA1 and PMA2 genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells grown at supraoptimal temperatures. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61:1904-9. [PMID: 7646027 PMCID: PMC167452 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.5.1904-1909.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
During exponential growth at temperatures of 30 to 39 degrees C, the specific activity of H(+)-ATPase in the plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (assayed at the standard temperature 30 degrees C) increased with increases in growth temperature. In addition, the optimal temperature for in vitro activity of this ATPase was 42 degrees C. Therefore, the maximum values of ATPase activity were expected to occur in cells that grew within the supraoptimal range of temperatures. Activation induced by supraoptimal temperatures was not the result of increased synthesis of this membrane enzyme. When the growth temperature increased from 30 to 40 degrees C, expression of the essential PMA1 gene, monitored either by the level of PMA1 mRNA or the beta-galactosidase activity of the lacZ-PMA1 fusion, was reduced. Consistently, quantitative immunoassays showed that the ATPase content in the plasma membrane decreased. Like ATPase activity, the efficiency of the PMA2 promoter increased with increases in growth temperature in cells that had been grown at 30 to 39 degrees C, but its level of expression was several hundred-fold lower than that of PMA1. These results suggest that the major PMA1 ATPase is activated at supraoptimal temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Viegas
- Laboratório de Engenharia Bioquímica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Thevelein
- Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Celbiologie, Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven, Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
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46
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Monteiro GA, Supply P, Goffeau A, Sá-Correia I. The in vivo activation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase by ethanol depends on the expression of the PMA1 gene, but not of the PMA2 gene. Yeast 1994; 10:1439-46. [PMID: 7871883 DOI: 10.1002/yea.320101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of the PMA1 and PMA2 genes during Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth in medium with glucose plus increasing concentrations of ethanol was monitored by using PMA1-lacZ and PMA2-lacZ fusions and Northern blot hybridizations of total RNA probed with PMA1 gene. The presence of sub-lethal concentrations of ethanol enhanced the expression of PMA2 whereas it reduced the expression of PMA1. The inhibition of PMA1 expression by ethanol corresponded to a decrease in the content of plasma membrane ATPase as quantified by immunoassays. Although an apparent correspondence could exist between the increase of plasma membrane ATPase activity and the level of PMA2 expression, the maximal level of PMA2 expression remained about 200 times lower than PMA1. On the other hand, ethanol activated the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase activity from a strain expressing only the PMA1 ATPase but did not activate that from a strain expressing only the PMA2 ATPase. These results provide evidence that in the presence of ethanol it is the PMA1 ATPase which is activated, probably by a post-translational mechanism and that the PMA2 ATPase is not involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Monteiro
- Laboratório de Engenharia Bioquímica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal
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47
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Harms K, Wöhner RV, Schulz B, Frommer WB. Isolation and characterization of P-type H(+)-ATPase genes from potato. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 26:979-88. [PMID: 8000010 DOI: 10.1007/bf00028864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
H(+)-ATPase cDNAs were identified in a potato leaf library using an Arabidopsis gene as a probe. Based on their sequences, the clones could be grouped into at least two classes. A similar classification was obtained from the analysis of sequence data from four tobacco genes. Both potato genes are expressed in all tissues analysed, higher levels of expression were found in leaves and stem than in roots and tubers. For both genes, no significant differences in level of expression could be detected under a variety of conditions such as cold treatment, anaerobiosis, sucrose induction or treatment with a synthetic cytokinin. Only 2,4-D and prolonged periods of darkness lead to a slight reduction in mRNA levels. The reduction in darkness was compensated after transfer of the plants back into the light. Expression of the ATPase genes remained constant in transgenic plants which are inhibited in phloem loading due to antisense inhibition of the sucrose transporter. On the other hand, expression of the sucrose transporter is inducible by auxin and cytokinin but not by sucrose. Taken together, these data suggest that at least the two plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase genes analysed are rather constant in their expression and that either other genes respond to external stimuli or that most of the regulation occurs at the posttranscriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Harms
- Institut für Genbiologische Forschung, Berlin, FRG
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48
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Ozcan S, Schulte F, Freidel K, Weber A, Ciriacy M. Glucose uptake and metabolism in grr1/cat80 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1994; 224:605-11. [PMID: 7925377 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.00605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glucose repression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae designates a global regulatory system controlling the expression of various sets of genes required for the utilization of alternate carbon sources. In a screen, designed for the selection of mutants with reduced glycolytic flux we obtained isolates which were shown by complementation of the cloned wild-type gene to be allelic to the glucose repression mutants grr1/cat80/cot2 previously described. We demonstrate that the grr1 lesion lead to a concentration-dependent decrease in glycolytic flux on glucose. It is very likely that this is caused by a significant decrease in the expression of various genes encoding hexose transporters (HXT1,3) leading to a reduced glucose-uptake rate. In contrast, expression of the maltose permease gene (MAL11) and maltose utilization is normal. There is indirect evidence that grr1 affects the uptake of amino acids, and others have shown that the sugar-induced transport of divalent cations is impaired. These effects are not glucose-specific. We suggest that Grr1, a putative cytoplasmic protein, has a central function in the sensing of nutritional conditions for a variety of unrelated substances, and that relief from glucose repression may be a corollary of this defect in sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ozcan
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany
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49
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García-Arranz M, Maldonado A, Mazón M, Portillo F. Transcriptional control of yeast plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase by glucose. Cloning and characterization of a new gene involved in this regulation. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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