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Besleaga M, Zimmermann C, Ebner K, Mach RL, Mach-Aigner AR, Geier M, Glieder A, Spadiut O, Kopp J. Bi-directionalized promoter systems allow methanol-free production of hard-to-express peroxygenases with Komagataella Phaffii. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:177. [PMID: 38879507 PMCID: PMC11179361 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heme-incorporating peroxygenases are responsible for electron transport in a multitude of organisms. Yet their application in biocatalysis is hindered due to their challenging recombinant production. Previous studies suggest Komagataella phaffi to be a suitable production host for heme-containing enzymes. In addition, co-expression of helper proteins has been shown to aid protein folding in yeast. In order to facilitate recombinant protein expression for an unspecific peroxygenase (AnoUPO), we aimed to apply a bi-directionalized expression strategy with Komagataella phaffii. RESULTS In initial screenings, co-expression of protein disulfide isomerase was found to aid the correct folding of the expressed unspecific peroxygenase in K. phaffi. A multitude of different bi-directionalized promoter combinations was screened. The clone with the most promising promoter combination was scaled up to bioreactor cultivations and compared to a mono-directional construct (expressing only the peroxygenase). The strains were screened for the target enzyme productivity in a dynamic matter, investigating both derepression and mixed feeding (methanol-glycerol) for induction. Set-points from bioreactor screenings, resulting in the highest peroxygenase productivity, for derepressed and methanol-based induction were chosen to conduct dedicated peroxygenase production runs and were analyzed with RT-qPCR. Results demonstrated that methanol-free cultivation is superior over mixed feeding in regard to cell-specific enzyme productivity. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that mixed feeding resulted in high stress for the host cells, impeding high productivity. Moreover, the bi-directionalized construct resulted in a much higher specific enzymatic activity over the mono-directional expression system. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrate a methanol-free bioreactor production strategy for an unspecific peroxygenase, yet not shown in literature. Hence, bi-directionalized assisted protein expression in K. phaffii, cultivated under derepressed conditions, is indicated to be an effective production strategy for heme-containing oxidoreductases. This very production strategy might be opening up further opportunities for biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihail Besleaga
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Integrated Bioprocess Development, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Christian Zimmermann
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Integrated Bioprocess Development, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Katharina Ebner
- bisy GmbH, Wünschendorf 292, Hofstätten an der Raab, 8200, Austria
| | - Robert L Mach
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Integrated Bioprocess Development, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Astrid R Mach-Aigner
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Integrated Bioprocess Development, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Martina Geier
- bisy GmbH, Wünschendorf 292, Hofstätten an der Raab, 8200, Austria
| | - Anton Glieder
- bisy GmbH, Wünschendorf 292, Hofstätten an der Raab, 8200, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Integrated Bioprocess Development, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Julian Kopp
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Integrated Bioprocess Development, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, Vienna, 1060, Austria.
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2
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Schwob M, Kugler V, Wagner R. Cloning and Overexpressing Membrane Proteins Using Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii). Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e936. [PMID: 37933574 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the structure and function of key proteins located within biological membranes is essential for fundamental knowledge and therapeutic applications. Robust cell systems allowing their actual overexpression are required, among which stands the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. This system proves highly efficient in producing many eukaryotic membrane proteins of various functions and structures at levels and quality compatible with their subsequent isolation and molecular investigation. This article describes a set of basic guidelines and directions to clone and select recombinant P. pastoris clones overexpressing eukaryotic membrane proteins. Illustrative results obtained for a panel of mammalian membrane proteins are presented, and hints are given on a series of experimental parameters that may substantially improve the amount and/or the functionality of the expressed proteins. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Designing and cloning a P. pastoris expression vector Basic Protocol 2: Integrative transformation of P. pastoris and selection of recombinant clones Basic Protocol 3: Culturing transformed P. pastoris for membrane protein expression Basic Protocol 4: Yeast cell lysis and membrane preparation Basic Protocol 5: Immunodetection of expressed membrane proteins: western blot Alternate Protocol 1: Immunodetection of expressed membrane proteins: dot blot Alternate Protocol 2: Immunodetection of expressed membrane proteins: yeastern blot Basic Protocol 6: Activity assay: ligand-binding analysis of an expressed GPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Schwob
- IMPReSs Facility, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, University of Strasbourg-CNRS, Illkirch, France
- Department of Structural Biology, NovAliX, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Kugler
- IMPReSs Facility, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, University of Strasbourg-CNRS, Illkirch, France
| | - Renaud Wagner
- IMPReSs Facility, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, University of Strasbourg-CNRS, Illkirch, France
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3
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Hu B, Zhao X, Wang E, Zhou J, Li J, Chen J, Du G. Efficient heterologous expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes in microorganisms for the biosynthesis of natural products. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:227-241. [PMID: 35129020 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2029344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural products, a chemically and structurally diverse class of molecules, possess a wide spectrum of biological activities, have been used therapeutically for millennia, and have provided many lead compounds for the development of synthetic drugs. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s, CYP) are widespread in nature and are involved in the biosynthesis of many natural products. P450s are heme-containing enzymes that use molecular oxygen and the hydride donor NAD(P)H (coupled via enzymic redox partners) to catalyze the insertion of oxygen into C-H bonds in a regio- and stereo-selective manner, effecting hydroxylation and several other reactions. With the rapid development of systems biology, numerous novel P450s have been identified for the biosynthesis of natural products, but there are still several challenges to the efficient heterologous expression of active P450s. This review covers recent developments in P450 research and development, including the properties and functions of P450s, discovery and mining of novel P450s, modification and screening of P450 mutants, improved heterologous expression of P450s in microbial hosts, efficient whole-cell transformation with P450s, and current applications of P450s for the biosynthesis of natural products. This resource provides a solid foundation for the application of highly active and stable P450s in microbial cell factories to biosynthesize natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Endao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Mei Y, Li X, Yang B, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen H, Chen W. Heterologous expression of a novel linoleic acid isomerase BBI, and effect of fusion tags on its performance. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:2053-2060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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5
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Sheludko YV, Gerasymenko IM, Herrmann FJ, Warzecha H. Evaluation of biotransformation capacity of transplastomic plants and hairy roots of Nicotiana tabacum expressing human cytochrome P450 2D6. Transgenic Res 2022; 31:351-368. [PMID: 35416604 PMCID: PMC9135824 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-022-00305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) are important tools for regio- and stereoselective oxidation of target molecules or engineering of metabolic pathways. Functional heterologous expression of eukaryotic CYPs is often problematic due to their dependency on the specific redox partner and the necessity of correct association with the membranes for displaying enzymatic activity. Plant hosts offer advantages of accessibility of reducing partners and a choice of membranes to insert heterologous CYPs. For the evaluation of plant systems for efficient CYP expression, we established transplastomic plants and hairy root cultures of Nicotiana tabacum carrying the gene encoding human CYP2D6 with broad substrate specificity. The levels of CYP2D6 transcript accumulation and enzymatic activity were estimated and compared with the data of CYP2D6 transient expression in N. benthamiana. The relative level of CYP2D6 transcripts in transplastomic plants was 2-3 orders of magnitude higher of that observed after constitutive or transient expression from the nucleus. CYP2D6 expressed in chloroplasts converted exogenous synthetic substrate loratadine without the need for co-expression of the cognate CYP reductase. The loratadine conversion rate in transplastomic plants was comparable to that in N. benthamiana plants transiently expressing a chloroplast targeted CYP2D6 from the nucleus, but was lower than the value reported for transiently expressed CYP2D6 with the native endoplasmic reticulum signal-anchor sequence. Hairy roots showed the lowest substrate conversion rate, but demonstrated the ability to release the product into the culture medium. The obtained results illustrate the potential of plant-based expression systems for exploiting the enzymatic activities of eukaryotic CYPs with broad substrate specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y V Sheludko
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - I M Gerasymenko
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F J Herrmann
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Warzecha
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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6
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First purified recombinant CYP75B including transmembrane helix with unexpected high substrate specificity to (2R)-naringenin. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8548. [PMID: 35595763 PMCID: PMC9122903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthochlor pigments (chalcones and aurones) play an important role in yellow flower colourization, the formation of UV-honey guides and show numerous health benefits. The B-ring hydroxylation of chalcones is performed by membrane bound cytochrome P450 enzymes. It was assumed that usual flavonoid 3′-hydroxlases (F3′Hs) are responsible for the 3,4- dihydroxy pattern of chalcones, however, we previously showed that a specialized F3′H, namely chalcone 3-hydroxylase (CH3H), is necessary for the hydroxylation of chalcones. In this study, a sequence encoding membrane bound CH3H from Dahlia variabilis was recombinantly expressed in yeast and a purification procedure was developed. The optimized purification procedure led to an overall recovery of 30% recombinant DvCH3H with a purity of more than 84%. The enzyme was biochemically characterized with regard to its kinetic parameters on various substrates, including racemic naringenin, as well as its enantiomers (2S)-, and (2R)-naringenin, apigenin and kaempferol. We report for the first time the characterization of a purified Cytochrome P450 enzyme from the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, including the transmembrane helix. Further, we show for the first time that recombinant DvCH3H displays a higher affinity for (2R)-naringenin than for (2S)-naringenin, although (2R)-flavanones are not naturally formed by chalcone isomerase.
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7
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Yan Y, Wu J, Hu G, Gao C, Guo L, Chen X, Liu L, Song W. Current state and future perspectives of cytochrome P450 enzymes for C–H and C=C oxygenation. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:887-899. [PMID: 35601824 PMCID: PMC9112060 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) catalyze a series of C–H and C=C oxygenation reactions, including hydroxylation, epoxidation, and ketonization. They are attractive biocatalysts because of their ability to selectively introduce oxygen into inert molecules under mild conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the C–H and C=C oxygenation reactions catalyzed by CYPs and the various strategies for achieving higher selectivity and enzymatic activity. Furthermore, we discuss the application of C–H and C=C oxygenation catalyzed by CYPs to obtain the desired chemicals or pharmaceutical intermediates in practical production. The rapid development of protein engineering for CYPs provides excellent biocatalysts for selective C–H and C=C oxygenation reactions, thereby promoting the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guipeng Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Corresponding author.
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8
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Lalwani MA, Kawabe H, Mays RL, Hoffman SM, Avalos JL. Optogenetic Control of Microbial Consortia Populations for Chemical Production. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2015-2029. [PMID: 34351122 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbial co-culture fermentations can improve chemical production from complex biosynthetic pathways over monocultures by distributing enzymes across multiple strains, thereby reducing metabolic burden, overcoming endogenous regulatory mechanisms, or exploiting natural traits of different microbial species. However, stabilizing and optimizing microbial subpopulations for maximal chemical production remains a major obstacle in the field. In this study, we demonstrate that optogenetics is an effective strategy to dynamically control populations in microbial co-cultures. Using a new optogenetic circuit we call OptoTA, we regulate an endogenous toxin-antitoxin system, enabling tunability of Escherichia coli growth using only blue light. With this system we can control the population composition of co-cultures of E. coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When introducing in each strain different metabolic modules of biosynthetic pathways for isobutyl acetate or naringenin, we found that the productivity of co-cultures increases by adjusting the population ratios with specific light duty cycles. This study shows the feasibility of using optogenetics to control microbial consortia populations and the advantages of using light to control their chemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto A. Lalwani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hinako Kawabe
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Mays
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Shannon M. Hoffman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - José L. Avalos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- The Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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9
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Jiang L, Huang L, Cai J, Xu Z, Lian J. Functional expression of eukaryotic cytochrome P450s in yeast. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:1050-1065. [PMID: 33205834 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are a superfamily of heme-thiolate proteins widely existing in various organisms. Due to their key roles in secondary metabolism, degradation of xenobiotics, and carcinogenesis, there is a great demand to heterologously express and obtain a sufficient amount of active eukaryotic P450s. However, most eukaryotic P450s are endoplasmic reticulum-localized membrane proteins, which is the biggest challenge for functional expression to high levels. Furthermore, the functions of P450s require the cooperation of cytochrome P450 reductases for electron transfer. Great efforts have been devoted to the heterologous expression of eukaryotic P450s, and yeasts, particularly Saccharomyces cerevisiae are frequently considered as the first expression systems to be tested for this challenging purpose. This review discusses the strategies for improving the expression and activity of eukaryotic P450s in yeasts, followed by examples of P450s involved in biosynthetic pathway engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Synthetic Biology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhinan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiazhang Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Synthetic Biology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Golgi localization of glycosyltransferases requires Gpp74p in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8897-8909. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10881-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Hausjell J, Schendl D, Weissensteiner J, Molitor C, Halbwirth H, Spadiut O. Recombinant production of a hard-to-express membrane-bound cytochrome P450 in different yeasts-Comparison of physiology and productivity. Yeast 2020; 37:217-226. [PMID: 31502285 PMCID: PMC7027447 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s comprise one of the largest protein superfamilies. They occur in every kingdom of life and catalyse a variety of essential reactions. Their production is of utmost interest regarding biotransformation and structure‐function elucidation. However, they have proven hard to express due to their membrane anchor, their complex co‐factor requirements and their need for a redox‐partner. In our study, we investigated and compared different yeast strains for the production of the plant cytochrome P450 chalcone 3‐hydroxylase. To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating different yeasts for the expression of this abundant and highly significant protein superfamily. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and three different strains of Pichia pastoris expressing chalcone 3‐hydroxylase were cultivated in controlled bioreactor runs and evaluated regarding physiological parameters and expression levels of the cytochrome P450. Production differed significantly between the different strains and was found highest in the investigated P. pastoris MutS strain KM71H where 8 mg P450 per gram dry cell weight were detected. We believe that this host could be suitable for the expression of many eukaryotic, especially plant‐derived, cytochrome P450s as it combines high specific product yields together with straightforward cultivation techniques for achieving high biomass concentrations. Both factors greatly facilitate subsequent establishment of purification procedures for the cytochrome P450 and make the yeast strain an ideal platform for biotransformation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hausjell
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Dominik Schendl
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Julia Weissensteiner
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Christian Molitor
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Heidi Halbwirth
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, Vienna, 1060, Austria
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