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At the Intersection of Natural Structural Coloration and Bioengineering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7020066. [PMID: 35645193 PMCID: PMC9149877 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of us get inspired by and interact with the world around us based on visual cues such as the colors and patterns that we see. In nature, coloration takes three primary forms: pigmentary coloration, structural coloration, and bioluminescence. Typically, pigmentary and structural coloration are used by animals and plants for their survival; however, few organisms are able to capture the nearly instantaneous and visually astounding display that cephalopods (e.g., octopi, squid, and cuttlefish) exhibit. Notably, the structural coloration of these cephalopods critically relies on a unique family of proteins known as reflectins. As a result, there is growing interest in characterizing the structure and function of such optically-active proteins (e.g., reflectins) and to leverage these materials across a broad range of disciplines, including bioengineering. In this review, I begin by briefly introducing pigmentary and structural coloration in animals and plants as well as highlighting the extraordinary appearance-changing capabilities of cephalopods. Next, I outline recent advances in the characterization and utilization of reflectins for photonic technologies and and discuss general strategies and limitations for the structural and optical characterization of proteins. Finally, I explore future directions of study for optically-active proteins and their potential applications. Altogether, this review aims to bring together an interdisciplinary group of researchers who can resolve the fundamental questions regarding the structure, function, and self-assembly of optically-active protein-based materials.
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Velvizhi G, Balakumar K, Shetti NP, Ahmad E, Kishore Pant K, Aminabhavi TM. Integrated biorefinery processes for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to value added materials: Paving a path towards circular economy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126151. [PMID: 34673197 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an effective and sustainable alternative for petroleum-derived fuels and chemicals to produce biofuels and bio-based products. Despite the high availability, the degradation of biomass is a substantial challenge. Hence, it is necessary to integrate several unit processes such as biochemical, thermochemical, physical, and catalytic conversion to produce wide range of bio-based products. Integrating these processes enhances the yield, reduces the reaction time, and can be cost-effective. Process integration could significantly lead to various outcomes which guides towards the circular economy. This review addresses integration of several biorefinery processes for the production of multifaceted products. In addition, modern and sustainable biorefinery technologies are discussed to pave the path towards circular economy through the closed-loop approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Velvizhi
- CO(2) Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632 014, India.
| | - K Balakumar
- CO(2) Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580 031, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Kamal Kishore Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580 031, Karnataka, India.
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3
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Hu S, He C, Li Y, Yu Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Ni D. The formation of aroma quality of dark tea during pile-fermentation based on multi-omics. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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4
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Fakankun I, Spicer V, Levin DB. Proteomic analyses of the oleaginous and carotenogenic yeast Rhodotorula diobovata across growth phases under nitrogen- and oxygen-limited conditions. J Biotechnol 2021; 332:11-19. [PMID: 33781863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids and triacylglycerols from yeasts are important bioproducts that can be utilized for the nutraceutical and biodiesel industries respectively. Rhodotorula diobovata is capable of producing these bioproducts under varied culture conditions. These productions have been linked to the early stationary growth phase and their levels only start to decline at the late stationary phase when carbon becomes limiting. While nitrogen-limitation influences the onset of lipogenesis, continuous synthesis and accumulation of neutral lipids (triacylglycerides) may be dependent on other culture conditions such as aeration. Proteomic analyses were conducted to enhance our understanding of changes in gene product expression under culture conditions with nitrogen-limitation, coupled with insufficient aeration, and revealed a correlation between the upregulation of proteins in the lipolysis pathways and the reduced synthesis of fatty acids at the early stationary phase. Upregulation of glycolytic pathway enzymes suggested that glucose was quickly converted into pyruvate and then acetyl-CoA. However, acetyl-CoA flux favoured carotenoids biosynthesis over fatty acid synthesis, as cells transitioned into the stationary phase. This work provides insights into how culture conditions influence gene product expression levels, pathway utilization, and end-product synthesis patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Fakankun
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Victor Spicer
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - David B Levin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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5
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Use of response surface methodology to enhance carotenoid pigment production from Cellulosimicrobium strain AZ. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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6
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Zhang J, Li QR, Zhang MH, You Y, Wang Y, Wang YH. Enhancement of carotenoid biosynthesis in Phaffia rhodozyma PR106 under stress conditions. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:2375-2385. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1650633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Carotenoids have good biological activity in antioxidant, anti-aging and scavenging harmful free radicals. In this study, we screened a strain that produced carotenoids, and selected a stress condition which significantly improved carotenoids content. The strain was identified as Phaffia rhodozyma PR106. Active oxygen generator TiO2 was the most significant factor to the carotenoids content of the P. rhodozyma. The content of carotenoids was 54.45 mg/g at 500 mg/L TiO2, which was about 1.25 times of the control and the proportion of carotenoids also changed from 1:9:16 to 1:8.5:12. Further, we determined the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in YEPD medium and P. rhodozyma, found that the ROS (H2O2, O2−, and HO•) was significantly increased at 500 mg/L TiO2 in YEPD medium compared with the control, but increased in P. rhodozyma under 1000 mg/L TiO2 treated. These results suggested that the increase in carotenoids was related to ROS in P. rhodozyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Food science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing-Ru Li
- College of Food science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming-Hao Zhang
- College of Food science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying You
- College of Food science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Food science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu-Hua Wang
- College of Food science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Processing Laboratory for Soybean Industry and Technology, Changchun, China
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Jinendiran S, Dileep Kumar BS, Dahms HU, Arulanandam CD, Sivakumar N. Optimization of submerged fermentation process for improved production of β-carotene by Exiguobacterium acetylicum S01. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01730. [PMID: 31193511 PMCID: PMC6535579 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural pigments with substantial applications in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. In this study, optimization of the fermentation process for enhancement of β-carotene and biomass production by Exiguobacterium acetylicum S01 was achieved by employing statistical designs including the Placket-Burman design (PBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Among the seven variables investigated by two levels in PBD, glucose, peptone, pH and temperature were indicated as crucial variables (p < 0.0001) for β-carotene and biomass productivity. Response surface methodology was further applied to evaluate the optimal concentrations of these four variables for maximum β-carotene and biomass productivity. The optimized medium contained glucose 1.4 g/L, peptone 26.5 g/L, pH 8.5, and temperature 30 °C, respectively. A significant increase in β-carotene (40.32 ± 2.55 mg/L) and biomass (2.19 ± 0.10 g/L) productivities in E. acetylicum S01 were achieved by using RSM, which was 3.47-fold and 2.36-fold higher in the optimized medium compared to the un-optimized medium. Further, the optimum fermentation condition in the 5-L bioreactor was achieved a maximal β-carotene yield of 107.22 ± 5.78 mg/L within 96 h. Moreover, the expression levels of carotenoid biosynthetic genes (phytoene desaturase (CrtI) and phytoene synthase (CrtB)) were up-regulated (2.89-fold and 3.71-fold) in E. acetylicum under the optimized medium conditions. Overall, these results suggest that E. acetylicum S01 can be used as a promising microorganism for the commercial production of β-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekar Jinendiran
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India
| | - B S Dileep Kumar
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Bioresources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Charli Deepak Arulanandam
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Natesan Sivakumar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India
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8
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Castro JF, Nouioui I, Sangal V, Choi S, Yang SJ, Kim BY, Trujillo ME, Riesco R, Montero-Calasanz MDC, Rahmani TPD, Bull AT, Sutcliffe IC, Asenjo JA, Andrews B, Goodfellow M. Blastococcus atacamensis sp. nov., a novel strain adapted to life in the Yungay core region of the Atacama Desert. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:2712-2721. [PMID: 29969090 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A polyphasic study was undertaken to establish the taxonomic status of a Blastococcus strain isolated from an extreme hyper-arid Atacama Desert soil. The isolate, strain P6T, was found to have chemotaxonomic and morphological properties consistent with its classification in the genus Blastococcus. It was shown to form a well-supported branch in the Blastococcus 16S rRNA gene tree together with the type strains of Blastococcus capsensis and Blastococcus saxobsidens and was distinguished from the latter, its close phylogenetic neighbour, by a broad range of phenotypic properties. The draft genome sequence of isolate P6T showed 84.6 % average nucleotide identity, 83.0 % average amino acid identity and a digital DNA-DNA hybridisation value of 27.8 % in comparison with the genome sequence of B. saxobsidens DSM 44509T, values consistent with its assignment to a separate species. Based on these data it is proposed that isolate P6T (NCIMB 15090T=NRRL B-65468T) be assigned to the genus Blastococcus as Blastococcus atacamensis sp. nov. Analysis of the whole genome sequence of B. atacamensis P6T, with 3778 open reading frames and a genome size of 3.9 Mb showed the presence of genes and gene clusters that encode for properties that reflect its adaptation to the extreme environmental conditions that prevail in Atacama Desert soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Franco Castro
- 1School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- 2Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Imen Nouioui
- 1School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Vartul Sangal
- 3Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Seonbin Choi
- 4ChunLab, Inc., 1, Gwanaka-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jo Yang
- 4ChunLab, Inc., 1, Gwanaka-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151015, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Yong Kim
- 4ChunLab, Inc., 1, Gwanaka-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151015, Republic of Korea
| | - Martha E Trujillo
- 5Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raul Riesco
- 4ChunLab, Inc., 1, Gwanaka-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151015, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tara P D Rahmani
- 1School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Alan T Bull
- 6School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Iain C Sutcliffe
- 3Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Juan A Asenjo
- 2Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Barbara Andrews
- 2Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael Goodfellow
- 1School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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9
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Rhodobacter sphaeroides Extract Lycogen™ Attenuates Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostate Hyperplasia in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041137. [PMID: 29642620 PMCID: PMC5979474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common urological problems in mid-aged to elderly men. Risk factors of BPH include family history, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and high oxidative stress. The main medication classes for BPH management are alpha blockers and 5α-reductase inhibitors. However, these conventional medicines cause adverse effects. Lycogen™, extracted from Rhodobacter sphaeroides WL-APD911, is an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory compound. In this study, the effect of Lycogen™ was evaluated in rats with testosterone-induced benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Testosterone injections and Lycogen™ administration were carried out for 28 days, and body weights were recorded twice per week. The testosterone injection successfully induced a prostate enlargement. BPH-induced rats treated with different doses of Lycogen™ exhibited a significantly decreased prostate index (PI). Moreover, the Lycogen™ administration recovered the histological abnormalities observed in the prostate of BPH rats. In conclusion, these findings support a dose-dependent preventing effect of Lycogen™ on testosterone-induced BPH in rats and suggest that Lycogen™ may be favorable to the prevention and management of benign prostate hyperplasia.
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10
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Henke NA, Wiebe D, Pérez-García F, Peters-Wendisch P, Wendisch VF. Coproduction of cell-bound and secreted value-added compounds: Simultaneous production of carotenoids and amino acids by Corynebacterium glutamicum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:744-752. [PMID: 30060409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is used for production of the food and feed amino acids l-glutamate and l-lysine at the million-ton-scale. One feed formulation of l-lysine simply involves spray-drying of the fermentation broth, thus, including secreted l-lysine and C. glutamicum cells which are pigmented by the C50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin. C. glutamicum has been engineered for overproduction of various compounds including carotenoids. In this study, C. glutamicum was engineered for coproduction of a secreted amino acid with a cell-bound carotenoid. Asa proof of principle, coproduction of l-glutamate with the industrially relevant astaxanthin was shown. This strategy was applied to engineer l-lysine overproducing strains for combined overproduction of secreted l-lysine with the cell-bound carotenoids decaprenoxanthin, lycopene, β-carotene, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin. By fed-batch fermentation 48g/Ll-lysine and 10mg/L astaxanthin were coproduced. Moreover, C. glutamicum was engineered for coproduction of l-lysine and β-carotene from xylose and arabinose as alternative feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A Henke
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniela Wiebe
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Fernando Pérez-García
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Petra Peters-Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany.
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11
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Henke NA, Heider SAE, Hannibal S, Wendisch VF, Peters-Wendisch P. Isoprenoid Pyrophosphate-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of Carotenogenesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:633. [PMID: 28484430 PMCID: PMC5401885 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is a natural producer of the C50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin. The crtEcg0722crtBIYEb operon comprises most of its genes for terpenoid biosynthesis. The MarR-type regulator encoded upstream and in divergent orientation of the carotenoid biosynthesis operon has not yet been characterized. This regulator, named CrtR in this study, is encoded in many actinobacterial genomes co-occurring with terpenoid biosynthesis genes. CrtR was shown to repress the crt operon of C. glutamicum since DNA microarray experiments revealed that transcript levels of crt operon genes were increased 10 to 70-fold in its absence. Transcriptional fusions of a promoter-less gfp gene with the crt operon and crtR promoters confirmed that CrtR represses its own gene and the crt operon. Gel mobility shift assays with purified His-tagged CrtR showed that CrtR binds to a region overlapping with the −10 and −35 promoter sequences of the crt operon. Isoprenoid pyrophosphates interfered with binding of CrtR to its target DNA, a so far unknown mechanism for regulation of carotenogenesis. The molecular details of protein-ligand interactions remain to be studied. Decaprenoxanthin synthesis by C. glutamicum wild type was enhanced 10 to 30-fold upon deletion of crtR and was decreased 5 to 6-fold as result of crtR overexpression. Moreover, deletion of crtR was shown as metabolic engineering strategy to improve production of native and non-native carotenoids including lycopene, β-carotene, C.p. 450 and sarcinaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A Henke
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Sabine A E Heider
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Silvin Hannibal
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Petra Peters-Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
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Marumoto S, Okuno Y, Miyazawa M. Inhibition of β-Secretase Activity by Monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes, and C 13 Norisoprenoids. J Oleo Sci 2017; 66:851-855. [PMID: 28381772 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of β-secretase (BACE1) is currently regarded as the leading treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we aimed to screen the in vitro inhibitory activity of 80 types of aroma compounds (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and C13 norisoprenoids), including plant-based types, at a 200-μM concentration against a recombinant human BACE1. The results showed that the most potent inhibitor of BACE1 was geranyl acetone followed by (+)-camphor, (-)-fenchone, (+)-fenchone, and (-)-camphor with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 51.9 ± 3.9, 95.9 ± 11.0, 106.3 ± 14.9, 117.0 ± 18.6, and 134.1 ± 16.4 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanism of inhibition of BACE1 by geranyl acetone was analyzed using Dixon kinetics plus Cornish-Bowden plots, which revealed mixed-type mode. Therefore aroma compounds may be used as potential lead molecules for designing anti-BACE1 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Marumoto
- Joint Research Center, Kindai University (Former name: Kinki University)
| | - Yoshiharu Okuno
- Department of Materials Science, Wakayama National College of Technology
| | - Mitsuo Miyazawa
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology.,Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Kindai University (Former name: Kinki University)
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14
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Wang D, Fu A. The Plastid Terminal Oxidase is a Key Factor Balancing the Redox State of Thylakoid Membrane. Enzymes 2016; 40:143-171. [PMID: 27776780 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria possess oxygen-consuming respiratory electron transfer chains (RETCs), and the oxygen-evolving photosynthetic electron transfer chain (PETC) resides in chloroplasts. Evolutionarily mitochondria and chloroplasts are derived from ancient α-proteobacteria and cyanobacteria, respectively. However, cyanobacteria harbor both RETC and PETC on their thylakoid membranes. It is proposed that chloroplasts could possess a RETC on the thylakoid membrane, in addition to PETC. Identification of a plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) in the chloroplast from the Arabidopsis variegation mutant immutans (im) demonstrated the presence of a RETC in chloroplasts, and the PTOX is the committed oxidase. PTOX is distantly related to the mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX), which is responsible for the CN-insensitive alternative RETC. Similar to AOX, an ubiquinol (UQH2) oxidase, PTOX is a plastoquinol (PQH2) oxidase on the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. Lack of PTOX, Arabidopsis im showed a light-dependent variegation phenotype; and mutant plants will not survive the mediocre light intensity during its early development stage. PTOX is very important for carotenoid biosynthesis, since the phytoene desaturation, a key step in the carotenoid biosynthesis, is blocked in the white sectors of Arabidopsis im mutant. PTOX is found to be a stress-related protein in numerous research instances. It is generally believed that PTOX can protect plants from various environmental stresses, especially high light stress. PTOX also plays significant roles in chloroplast development and plant morphogenesis. Global physiological roles played by PTOX could be a direct or indirect consequence of its PQH2 oxidase activity to maintain the PQ pool redox state on the thylakoid membrane. The PTOX-dependent chloroplast RETC (so-called chlororespiration) does not contribute significantly when chloroplast PETC is normally developed and functions well. However, PTOX-mediated RETC could be the major force to regulate the PQ pool redox balance in the darkness, under conditions of stress, in nonphotosynthetic plastids, especially in the early development from proplastids to chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China; Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - A Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China; Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China.
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16
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Wang CC, Ding S, Chiu KH, Liu WS, Lin TJ, Wen ZH. Extract from a mutant Rhodobacter sphaeroides as an enriched carotenoid source. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:29580. [PMID: 27037001 PMCID: PMC4818355 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.29580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The extract Lycogen™ from the phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides (WL-APD911) has attracted significant attention because of its promising potential as a bioactive mixture, attributed in part to its anti-inflammatory properties and anti-oxidative activity. Objective This study aims to investigate the components of Lycogen™ and its anti-inflammatory properties and anti-oxidative activity. Design and results The mutant strain R. sphaeroides (WL-APD911) whose carotenoid 1,2-hydratase gene has been altered by chemical mutagenesis was used for the production of a new carotenoid. The strain was grown at 30°C on Luria–Bertani (LB) agar plates. After a 4-day culture period, the mutant strain displayed a 3.5-fold increase in carotenoid content, relative to the wild type. In the DPPH test, Lycogen™ showed more potent anti-oxidative activity than lycopene from the wild-type strain. Primary skin irritation test with hamsters showed no irritation response in hamster skins after 30 days of treatment with 0.2% Lycogen™. Chemical investigations of Lycogen™ using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 1H, 13C, and COSY/DQCOSY spectra have identified spheroidenone and methoxyneurosporene. Quantitative analysis of these identified compounds based on spectral intensities indicates that spheroidenone and methoxyneurosporene are major components (approximately 1:1); very small quantities of other derivatives are also present in the sample. Conclusions In this study, we identified the major carotenoid compounds contained in Lycogen™, including spheroidenone and methoxyneurosporene by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy analysis. The carotenoid content of this mutant strain of R. sphaeroides was 3.5-fold higher than that in normal strain. Furthermore, Lycogen™ from the mutant strain is more potent than lycopene from the wild-type strain and does not cause irritation in hamster skins. These findings suggest that this mutant strain has the potential to be used as an enriched carotenoid source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chiang Wang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shangwu Ding
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsun Chiu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Liu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Asia-Pacific Biotech Developing, Inc., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Jung Lin
- Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtun County, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
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Gallego-Jara J, de Diego T, del Real Á, Écija-Conesa A, Manjón A, Cánovas M. Lycopene overproduction and in situ extraction in organic-aqueous culture systems using a metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. AMB Express 2015; 5:65. [PMID: 26395597 PMCID: PMC4579157 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-015-0150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is an import
ant compound with an increasing industrial value. However, there is still no biotechnological process to obtain it. In this study, a semi-continuous system for lycopene extraction from recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 cells is proposed. A two-phase culture mode using organic solvents was found to maximize lycopene production through in situ extraction from cells. Within the reactor, three phases were formed during the process: an aqueous phase containing the recombinant E. coli, an interphase, and an organic phase. Lycopene was extracted from the cells to both the interphase and the organic phase and, consequently, thus enhancing its production. Maximum lycopene production (74.71 ± 3.74 mg L−1) was obtained for an octane-aqueous culture system using the E. coli BL21LF strain, a process that doubled the level obtained in the control aqueous culture. Study of the interphase by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the proteo-lipidic nature and the high storage capacity of lycopene. Moreover, a cell viability test by flow cytometry (CF) after 24 h of culture indicated that 24 % of the population could be re-used. Therefore, a batch series reactor was designed for semi-continuous lycopene extraction. After five cycles of operation (120 h), lycopene production was similar to that obtained in the control aqueous medium. A final specific lycopene yield of up to 49.70 ± 2.48 mg g−1 was reached at 24 h, which represents to the highest titer to date. In conclusion, the aqueous-organic semi-continuous culture system proposed is the first designed for lycopene extraction, representing an important breakthrough in the development of a competitive biotechnological process for lycopene production and extraction.
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Teh BS, Lau NS, Ng FL, Abdul Rahman AY, Wan X, Saito JA, Hou S, Teh AH, Najimudin N, Alam M. Complete genome sequence of the thermophilic Thermus sp. CCB_US3_UF1 from a hot spring in Malaysia. Stand Genomic Sci 2015; 10:76. [PMID: 26457128 PMCID: PMC4599208 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-015-0053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermus sp. strain CCB_US3_UF1 is a thermophilic bacterium of the genus Thermus, a member of the family Thermaceae. Members of the genus Thermus have been widely used as a biological model for structural biology studies and to understand the mechanism of microbial adaptation under thermal environments. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of Thermus sp. CCB_US3_UF1 isolated from a hot spring in Malaysia, which is the fifth member of the genus Thermus with a completely sequenced and publicly available genome (Genbank date of release: December 2, 2011). Thermus sp. CCB_US3_UF1 has the third largest genome within the genus. The complete genome comprises of a chromosome of 2.26 Mb and a plasmid of 19.7 kb. The genome contains 2279 protein-coding and 54 RNA genes. In addition, its genome revealed potential pathways for the synthesis of secondary metabolites (isoprenoid) and pigments (carotenoid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beng Soon Teh
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia ; Present address: Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Nyok-Sean Lau
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Fui Ling Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Xuehua Wan
- Advanced Studies in Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii USA
| | - Jennifer A Saito
- Advanced Studies in Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii USA
| | - Shaobin Hou
- Advanced Studies in Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii USA
| | - Aik-Hong Teh
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nazalan Najimudin
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Maqsudul Alam
- Advanced Studies in Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii USA ; Department of Microbiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii USA
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Liu S, Zhang G, Li X, Wu P, Zhang J. Enhancement of Rhodobacter sphaeroides growth and carotenoid production through biostimulation. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 33:21-28. [PMID: 26141874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis/cereus L2 was added as a biostimulant to enhance the biomass accumulation and carotenoid yield of Rhodobacter sphaeroides using wastewater as the culturing medium. Results showed that biostimulation could significantly enhance the R. sphaeroides biomass production and carotenoid yield. The optimal biostimulant proportion was 40 μL (about 6.4×10(5) CFU). Through the use of biostimulation, chemical oxygen demand removal, R. sphaeroides biomass production, carotenoid concentration, and carotenoid yield were improved by 178%, 67%, 214%, and 70%, respectively. Theoretical analysis revealed that there were two possible reasons for such increases. One was that biostimulation enhanced the R. sphaeroides wastewater treatment efficiency. The other was that biostimulation significantly decreased the peroxidase activity in R. sphaeroides. The results showed that the highest peroxidase activity dropped by 87% and the induction ratio of the RSP_3419 gene was 3.1 with the addition of biostimulant. The enhanced carotenoid yield in R. sphaeroides could thus be explained by a decrease in peroxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Liu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China..
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.; School of Environment and Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Xiangkun Li
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Pan Wu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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LI ZHAODI, WU GUANGXIA, JI JING, WANG GANG, TIAN XIAOWEI, GAO HAILING. Cloning and expression of a ζ-carotene desaturase gene from Lycium chinense. J Genet 2015; 94:287-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-015-0519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Guo F, Yu H, Xu Q, Deng X. Transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed genes in an orange-pericarp mutant and wild type in pummelo (Citrus grandis). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:44. [PMID: 25849782 PMCID: PMC4352283 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The external colour of fruit is a crucial quality feature, and the external coloration of most citrus fruits is due to the accumulation of carotenoids. The molecular regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in pericarp is limited due to the lack of mutant. In this work, an orange-pericarp mutant (MT) which showed altered pigmentation in the pericarp was used to identify genes potentially related to the regulation of carotenoid accumulation in the pericarp. RESULTS High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the pericarp from MT fruits had a 10.5-fold increase of β-carotene content over that of the Wild Type (WT). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression of all downstream carotenogenic genes was lower in MT than in WT, suggesting that down-regulation is critical for the β-carotene increase in the MT pericarp. RNA-seq analysis of the transcriptome revealed extensive changes in the MT gene expression level, with 168 genes down-regulated and 135 genes up-regulated. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses indicated seven reliable metabolic pathways are altered in the mutant, including carbon metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism and biosynthesis of amino acids. The transcription factors and genes corresponding to effected metabolic pathways may involved in the carotenoid regulation was confirmed by the qRT-PCR analysis in the MT pericarp. CONCLUSIONS This study has provided a global picture of the gene expression changes in a novel mutant with distinct color in the fruit pericarp of pummelo. Interpretation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed new insight into the molecular regulation of β-carotene accumulation in the MT pericarp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Huiwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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22
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Sun Z, Li T, Zhou ZG, Jiang Y. Microalgae as a Source of Lutein: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, and Carotenogenesis. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 153:37-58. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Maia LF, Fernandes RF, Lobo-Hajdu G, de Oliveira LFC. Conjugated polyenes as chemical probes of life signature: use of Raman spectroscopy to differentiate polyenic pigments. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2014; 372:rsta.2014.0200. [PMID: 25368351 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polyenes, which are represented by carotenes, carotenoids and conjugated polyenals, are some of the most important targets for astrobiology, because they can provide strong evidence of the presence of organic compounds in the most extreme environments, such as on Mars. Raman spectroscopy has been used as the main analytical tool in the identification of such compounds, for the greatest variety of living species, from microorganisms to animals and plants. However, using only the position of the characteristic Raman bands can lead to errors in tentatively identifying chemicals. In this work, we present a series of observations that can provide a more complete and robust way to analyse the Raman spectrum of a polyenal, in which the position, the intensity, the use of various laser lines for excitation, and the combination of more than one pigment can be considered in the complete analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenize F Maia
- NEEM-Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafaella F Fernandes
- NEEM-Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gisele Lobo-Hajdu
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-000, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz F C de Oliveira
- NEEM-Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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24
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Wang C, Zeng J, Li Y, Hu W, Chen L, Miao Y, Deng P, Yuan C, Ma C, Chen X, Zang M, Wang Q, Li K, Chang J, Wang Y, Yang G, He G. Enrichment of provitamin A content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by introduction of the bacterial carotenoid biosynthetic genes CrtB and CrtI. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2545-56. [PMID: 24692648 PMCID: PMC4036513 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid content is a primary determinant of wheat nutritional value and affects its end-use quality. Wheat grains contain very low carotenoid levels and trace amounts of provitamin A content. In order to enrich the carotenoid content in wheat grains, the bacterial phytoene synthase gene (CrtB) and carotene desaturase gene (CrtI) were transformed into the common wheat cultivar Bobwhite. Expression of CrtB or CrtI alone slightly increased the carotenoid content in the grains of transgenic wheat, while co-expression of both genes resulted in a darker red/yellow grain phenotype, accompanied by a total carotenoid content increase of approximately 8-fold achieving 4.76 μg g(-1) of seed dry weight, a β-carotene increase of 65-fold to 3.21 μg g(-1) of seed dry weight, and a provitamin A content (sum of α-carotene, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin) increase of 76-fold to 3.82 μg g(-1) of seed dry weight. The high provitamin A content in the transgenic wheat was stably inherited over four generations. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that enhancement of provitamin A content in transgenic wheat was also a result of the highly coordinated regulation of endogenous carotenoid biosynthetic genes, suggesting a metabolic feedback regulation in the wheat carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. These transgenic wheat lines are not only valuable for breeding wheat varieties with nutritional benefits for human health but also for understanding the mechanism regulating carotenoid biosynthesis in wheat endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Chen
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingjie Miao
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengyi Deng
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuihong Yuan
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingli Zang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kexiu Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junli Chang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuesheng Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Complete Genome Sequence of Winogradskyella sp. Strain PG-2, a Proteorhodopsin-Containing Marine Flavobacterium. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/3/e00490-14. [PMID: 24874677 PMCID: PMC4038882 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00490-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Winogradskyella sp. strain PG-2 is a marine flavobacterium isolated from surface seawater. This organism contains proteorhodopsin, which can convert light energy into available forms of biochemical energy. Here, we present its complete genome sequence and annotation, which provide further insights into the life strategy of proteorhodopsin-mediated phototrophy in the ocean.
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Heider SAE, Peters-Wendisch P, Wendisch VF, Beekwilder J, Brautaset T. Metabolic engineering for the microbial production of carotenoids and related products with a focus on the rare C50 carotenoids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:4355-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sandmann G. Carotenoids of biotechnological importance. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 148:449-67. [PMID: 25326165 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural pigments with antioxidative functions that protect against oxidative stress. They are essential for humans and must be supplied through the diet. Carotenoids are the precursors for the visual pigment rhodopsin, and lutein and zeaxanthin must be accumulated in the yellow eye spot to protect the retina from excess light and ultraviolet damage. There is a global market for carotenoids as food colorants, animal feed, and nutraceuticals. Some carotenoids are chemically synthesized, whereas others are from natural sources. Microbial mass production systems of industrial interest for carotenoids are in use, and new ones are being developed by metabolic pathway engineering of bacteria, fungi, and plants. Several examples will be highlighted in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Sandmann
- Biosynthesis Group, Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany,
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Zhou X, Xie JR, Tao L, Xin ZJ, Zhao FW, Lu XH, Zhao MR, Wang L, Liang JP. The effect of microdosimetric 12C6+ heavy ion irradiation and Mg2+ on canthaxanthin production in a novel strain of Dietzia natronolimnaea. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:213. [PMID: 24074304 PMCID: PMC3849488 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietzia natronolimnaea is one of the most important bacterial bioresources for high efficiency canthaxanthin production. It produces the robust and stable pigment canthaxanthin, which is of special interest for the development of integrated biorefineries. Mutagenesis employing 12C6+ irradiation is a novel technique commonly used to improve microorganism productivity. This study presents a promising route to obtaining the highest feasible levels of biomass dry weight (BDW), and total canthaxanthin by using a microdosimetric model of 12C6+ irradiation mutation in combination with the optimization of nutrient medium components. Results This work characterized the rate of both lethal and non-lethal dose mutations for 12C6+ irradiation and the microdosimetric kinetic model using the model organism, D. natronolimnaea svgcc1.2736. Irradiation with 12C6+ ions resulted in enhanced production of canthaxanthin, and is therefore an effective method for strain improvement of D. natronolimnaea svgcc1.2736. Based on these results an optimal dose of 0.5–4.5 Gy, Linear energy transfer (LET) of 80 keV μm-1and energy of 60 MeV u-1 for 12C6+ irradiation are ideal for optimum and specific production of canthaxanthin in the bacterium. Second-order empirical calculations displaying high R-squared (0.996) values between the responses and independent variables were derived from validation experiments using response surface methodology. The highest canthaxanthin yield (8.14 mg) was obtained with an optimized growth medium containing 21.5 g L-1 D-glucose, 23.5 g L-1 mannose and 25 ppm Mg2+ in 1 L with an irradiation dose of 4.5 Gy. Conclusions The microdosimetric 12C6+ irradiation model was an effective mutagenic technique for the strain improvement of D. natronolimnaea svgcc1.2736 specifically for enhanced canthaxanthin production. At the very least, random mutagenesis methods using 12C6+ions can be used as a first step in a combined approach with long-term continuous fermentation processes. Central composite design-response surface methodologies (CCD-RSM) were carried out to optimize the conditions for canthaxanthin yield. It was discovered D-glucose, Mg2+ and mannose have significant influence on canthaxanthin biosynthesis and growth of the mutant strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P,R, China.
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Irazusta V, Nieto-Peñalver CG, Cabral ME, Amoroso MJ, de Figueroa LI. Relationship among carotenoid production, copper bioremediation and oxidative stress in Rhodotorula mucilaginosa RCL-11. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Petrik S, Kádár Z, Márová I. Utilization of hydrothermally pretreated wheat straw for production of bioethanol and carotene-enriched biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 133:370-377. [PMID: 23434815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work hydrothermally pretreated wheat straw was used for production of bioethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and carotene-enriched biomass by red yeasts Rhodotorula glutinis, Cystofilobasidium capitatum and Sporobolomyces roseus. To evaluate the convertibility of pretreated wheat straw into ethanol, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of S. cerevisiae was performed under semi-anaerobic conditions. The highest ethanol production efficiency of 65-66% was obtained following pretreatment at 200°C without the catalytic action of acetic acid, and at 195 and 200°C respectively in the presence of catalyst. Red yeast strain S. roseus produced 1.73-2.22 mg g(-1) of ergosterol on the filter cake, 1.15-4.17 mg g(-1) of ergosterol and 1.23-1.56 mg g(-1) of β-carotene on pretreated wheat straw hydrolysates and also the highest amount of carotenoids and ergosterol on untreated wheat straw (1.70 and 4.17 mg g(-1), respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siniša Petrik
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Production of biomass, carotenoid and other lipid metabolites by several red yeast strains cultivated on waste glycerol from biofuel production – a comparative screening study. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Cernelic K, Prosek M, Golc-Wondra A, Rodic Z, Simonovska B, Puklavec M. Influence of Synthetic Antioxidants on Extraction of All-<i>trans</i>-Lutein from Spinach under Air and Nitrogen Atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2013.42027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Escherichia coli is a non-carotenogenic bacterium that could synthesize farnesyl pyrophosphate precursor through the isoprenoid pathway. Carotenoid production in E. coli requires heterologous expression of carotenoid synthesis genes. The carotenoid synthesis operons are assembled from genes isolated from carotenogenic bacterial sources. Expression of the different operons yields different carotenoid titers. The operons containing the idi gene give more than fivefold higher carotenoid titers than the operons lacking the idi gene. The carotenoid modification genes encoding ketolases and hydroxylases are incorporated into the operons for canthaxanthin and astaxanthin production. The ketolases and hydroxylases from different bacterial sources produce astaxanthin of different purity relative to the total carotenoids. Expression of the ketolases and hydroxylases closer to the promoter appears to give higher astaxanthin purity than expression farther from the promoter at the end of the operons. Balanced expression of ketolases and hydroxylases is critical to achieve high astaxanthin purity. Here, we describe methods to assemble carotenoid biosynthesis operons from carotenogenic gene clusters isolated from different bacterial sources and evaluate canthaxanthin or astaxanthin production in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Cheng
- E. I. DuPont. de Nemours Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA.
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Steiger S, Perez-Fons L, Fraser PD, Sandmann G. The biosynthetic pathway to a novel derivative of 4,4′-diapolycopene-4,4′-oate in a red strain of Sporosarcina aquimarina. Arch Microbiol 2012; 194:779-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-012-0813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cloning and characterization of genes involved in nostoxanthin biosynthesis of Sphingomonas elodea ATCC 31461. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35099. [PMID: 22509387 PMCID: PMC3324416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Most Sphingomonas species synthesize the yellow carotenoid nostoxanthin. However, the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway of these species remains unclear. In this study, we cloned and characterized a carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster containing four carotenogenic genes (crtG, crtY, crtI and crtB) and a β-carotene hydroxylase gene (crtZ) located outside the cluster, from the gellan-gum producing bacterium Sphingomonas elodea ATCC 31461. Each of these genes was inactivated, and the biochemical function of each gene was confirmed based on chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis of the intermediates accumulated in the knockout mutants. Moreover, the crtG gene encoding the 2,2′-β-hydroxylase and the crtZ gene encoding the β-carotene hydroxylase, both responsible for hydroxylation of β-carotene, were confirmed by complementation studies using Escherichia coli producing different carotenoids. Expression of crtG in zeaxanthin and β-carotene accumulating E. coli cells resulted in the formation of nostoxanthin and 2,2′-dihydroxy-β-carotene, respectively. Based on these results, a biochemical pathway for synthesis of nostoxanthin in S. elodea ATCC 31461 is proposed.
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Liolios K, Sikorski J, Lu M, Nolan M, Lapidus A, Lucas S, Hammon N, Deshpande S, Cheng JF, Tapia R, Han C, Goodwin L, Pitluck S, Huntemann M, Ivanova N, Pagani I, Mavromatis K, Ovchinikova G, Pati A, Chen A, Palaniappan K, Land M, Hauser L, Brambilla EM, Kotsyurbenko O, Rohde M, Tindall BJ, Abt B, Göker M, Detter JC, Woyke T, Bristow J, Eisen JA, Markowitz V, Hugenholtz P, Klenk HP, Kyrpides NC. Complete genome sequence of the gliding, heparinolytic Pedobacter saltans type strain (113). Stand Genomic Sci 2011; 5:30-40. [PMID: 22180808 PMCID: PMC3236043 DOI: 10.4056/sigs.2154937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pedobacter saltans Steyn et al. 1998 is one of currently 32 species in the genus Pedobacter within the family Sphingobacteriaceae. The species is of interest for its isolated location in the tree of life. Like other members of the genus P. saltans is heparinolytic. Cells of P. saltans show a peculiar gliding, dancing motility and can be distinguished from other Pedobacter strains by their ability to utilize glycerol and the inability to assimilate D-cellobiose. The genome presented here is only the second completed genome sequence of a type strain from a member of the family Sphingobacteriaceae to be published. The 4,635,236 bp long genome with its 3,854 protein-coding and 67 RNA genes consists of one chromosome, and is a part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project.
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Heath AP, Bennett GN, Kavraki LE. An algorithm for efficient identification of branched metabolic pathways. J Comput Biol 2011; 18:1575-97. [PMID: 21999288 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2011.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents a new graph-based algorithm for identifying branched metabolic pathways in multi-genome scale metabolic data. The term branched is used to refer to metabolic pathways between compounds that consist of multiple pathways that interact biochemically. A branched pathway may produce a target compound through a combination of linear pathways that split compounds into smaller ones, work in parallel with many compounds, and join compounds into larger ones. While branched metabolic pathways predominate in metabolic networks, most previous work has focused on identifying linear metabolic pathways. The ability to automatically identify branched pathways is important in applications that require a deeper understanding of metabolism, such as metabolic engineering and drug target identification. The algorithm presented in this article utilizes explicit atom tracking to identify linear metabolic pathways and then merges them together into branched metabolic pathways. We provide results on several well-characterized metabolic pathways that demonstrate that the new merging approach can efficiently find biologically relevant branched metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison P Heath
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Pati A, Abt B, Teshima H, Nolan M, Lapidus A, Lucas S, Hammon N, Deshpande S, Cheng JF, Tapia R, Han C, Goodwin L, Pitluck S, Liolios K, Pagani I, Mavromatis K, Ovchinikova G, Chen A, Palaniappan K, Land M, Hauser L, Jeffries CD, Detter JC, Brambilla EM, Kannan KP, Rohde M, Spring S, Göker M, Woyke T, Bristow J, Eisen JA, Markowitz V, Hugenholtz P, Kyrpides NC, Klenk HP, Ivanova N. Complete genome sequence of Cellulophaga lytica type strain (LIM-21). Stand Genomic Sci 2011; 4:221-32. [PMID: 21677859 PMCID: PMC3111997 DOI: 10.4056/sigs.1774329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulophaga lytica (Lewin 1969) Johansen et al. 1999 is the type species of the genus Cellulophaga, which belongs to the family Flavobacteriaceae within the phylum 'Bacteroidetes' and was isolated from marine beach mud in Limon, Costa Rica. The species is of biotechnological interest because its members produce a wide range of extracellular enzymes capable of degrading proteins and polysaccharides. After the genome sequence of Cellulophaga algicola this is the second completed genome sequence of a member of the genus Cellulophaga. The 3,765,936 bp long genome with its 3,303 protein-coding and 55 RNA genes consists of one circular chromosome and is a part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project.
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Romero I, Tikunov Y, Bovy A. Virus-induced gene silencing in detached tomatoes and biochemical effects of phytoene desaturase gene silencing. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:1129-35. [PMID: 21377758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a technology that has rapidly emerged for gene function studies in plants. Many advances have been made in applying this technique in an increasing number of crops. Recently, VIGS has been successfully used to silence genes in tomato fruit through agroinfiltration of fruit attached to the plant. The phytoene desaturase (Pds) gene has been widely used as a reporter gene in VIGS experiments, although little is known about the changes that occur due to its silencing in plants. In this paper, we describe the efficient silencing of the Pds gene through the VIGS approach in detached tomato fruits, which makes the VIGS procedure even more versatile and applicable. After 16 days of agroinfiltration, approximately 75% of the tomatoes showed Pds silencing symptoms, although the distribution of silenced areas was variable among fruits. To study the potential effects caused by Pds silencing in detached tomatoes, carotenoids and other semi-polar secondary metabolites were analyzed using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. In addition, potential differences in primary metabolites were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The results indicated that the yellow phenotype observed in Pds-silenced fruit was mainly due to the lack of the red-colored lycopene and therefore to a more pronounced contribution of the yellow-orange carotenoids (lutein, violaxanthin, and zeaxanthin) to the final color of the fruits. Furthermore, the biochemical changes observed in Pds-silenced detached tomatoes suggested that carotenoid and other pathways, e.g. leading to alkaloids and flavonoids, might be affected by the silencing of this reporter gene, and this should be taken into consideration for future experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Romero
- Plant Research International, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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40
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Naqvi S, Zhu C, Farre G, Sandmann G, Capell T, Christou P. Synergistic metabolism in hybrid corn indicates bottlenecks in the carotenoid pathway and leads to the accumulation of extraordinary levels of the nutritionally important carotenoid zeaxanthin. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2011; 9:384-93. [PMID: 20807370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2010.00554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lutein and zeaxanthin cannot be synthesized de novo in humans, and although lutein is abundant in fruit and vegetables, good dietary sources of zeaxanthin are scarce. Certain corn varieties provide adequate amounts because the ratio of endosperm β:ε lycopene cyclase activity favours the β-carotene/zeaxanthin branch of the carotenoid pathway. We previously described a transgenic corn line expressing the early enzymes in the pathway (including lycopene β-cyclase) and therefore accumulating extraordinary levels of β-carotene. Here, we demonstrate that introgressing the transgenic mini-pathway into wild-type yellow endosperm varieties gives rise to hybrids in which the β:ε ratio is altered additively. Where the β:ε ratio in the genetic background is high, introgression of the mini-pathway allows zeaxanthin production at an unprecedented 56 μg/g dry weight. This result shows that metabolic synergy between endogenous and heterologous pathways can be used to enhance the levels of nutritionally important metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Naqvi
- Departament de Produccio Vegetal I Ciencia Forestal, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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41
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Abt B, Lu M, Misra M, Han C, Nolan M, Lucas S, Hammon N, Deshpande S, Cheng JF, Tapia R, Goodwin L, Pitluck S, Liolios K, Pagani I, Ivanova N, Mavromatis K, Ovchinikova G, Pati A, Chen A, Palaniappan K, Land M, Hauser L, Chang YJ, Jeffries CD, Detter JC, Brambilla E, Rohde M, Tindall BJ, Göker M, Woyke T, Bristow J, Eisen JA, Markowitz V, Hugenholtz P, Kyrpides NC, Klenk HP, Lapidus A. Complete genome sequence of Cellulophaga algicola type strain (IC166). Stand Genomic Sci 2011; 4:72-80. [PMID: 21475589 PMCID: PMC3072087 DOI: 10.4056/sigs.1543845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulophaga algicola Bowman 2000 belongs to the family Flavobacteriaceae within the phylum 'Bacteroidetes' and was isolated from Melosira collected from the Eastern Antarctic coastal zone. The species is of interest because its members produce a wide range of extracellular enzymes capable of degrading proteins and polysaccharides with temperature optima of 20-30°C. This is the first completed genome sequence of a member of the genus Cellulophaga. The 4,888,353 bp long genome with its 4,285 protein-coding and 62 RNA genes consists of one circular chromosome and is a part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project.
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Zhang H, Boghigian BA, Armando J, Pfeifer BA. Methods and options for the heterologous production of complex natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:125-51. [PMID: 21060956 PMCID: PMC9896020 DOI: 10.1039/c0np00037j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review will detail the motivations, experimental approaches, and growing list of successful cases associated with the heterologous production of complex natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Science & Technology Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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Nasri Nasrabadi MR, Razavi SH. Enhancement of canthaxanthin production from Dietzia natronolimnaea HS-1 in a fed-batch process using trace elements and statistical methods. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322010000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Lenucci MS, Caccioppola A, Durante M, Serrone L, Leonardo R, Piro G, Dalessandro G. Optimisation of biological and physical parameters for lycopene supercritical CO2 extraction from ordinary and high-pigment tomato cultivars. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:1709-1718. [PMID: 20564441 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lycopene is used for several industrial applications. Supercritical CO(2) (SC-CO(2)) extraction from red-ripe tomato fruits is an excellent technique to replace the use of harmful solvents. In this study, starting from red-ripe tomatoes of ordinary and high-lycopene cultivars, the effect of different agronomical and technical aspects on lycopene content, stability and yield was evaluated throughout the production process from fresh tomatoes to the final SC-CO(2)-extracted oleoresin containing lycopene. RESULTS Red-ripe tomato cultivars differed in their lycopene content. Irrigation excess or deficit caused an increase in the amount of lycopene in the fruits. Fresh tomatoes were processed into a lyophilised matrix suitable for SC-CO(2) extraction, which could be stored for more than 6 months at -20 degrees C without lycopene loss. Under the optimal extraction conditions, efficiencies of up to 80% were achieved, but the recovery of lycopene in the extracted oleoresin was very low (approximately 24%). Co-extraction of the tomato matrix mixed with a lipid co-matrix allowed the recovery of approximately 90% of lycopene in the oleoresin. Using the high-lycopene cultivars, the yield of total extracted lycopene increased by approximately 60% with respect to the ordinary cultivars. Lipids and other biologically active molecules were present in the oleoresin. CONCLUSION A method for extracting, from a tomato matrix, a natural and solvent-free oleoresin containing lycopene dissolved in a highly unsaturated vegetable oil has been described. The oleoresin represents an excellent product for testing on cancer and cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello S Lenucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Prov. le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce, Italy.
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Abt B, Foster B, Lapidus A, Clum A, Sun H, Pukall R, Lucas S, Glavina Del Rio T, Nolan M, Tice H, Cheng JF, Pitluck S, Liolios K, Ivanova N, Mavromatis K, Ovchinnikova G, Pati A, Goodwin L, Chen A, Palaniappan K, Land M, Hauser L, Chang YJ, Jeffries CD, Rohde M, Göker M, Woyke T, Bristow J, Eisen JA, Markowitz V, Hugenholtz P, Kyrpides NC, Klenk HP. Complete genome sequence of Cellulomonas flavigena type strain (134). Stand Genomic Sci 2010; 3:15-25. [PMID: 21304688 PMCID: PMC3035266 DOI: 10.4056/sigs.1012662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulomonas flavigena (Kellerman and McBeth 1912) Bergey et al. 1923 is the type species of the genus Cellulomonas of the actinobacterial family Cellulomonadaceae. Members of the genus Cellulomonas are of special interest for their ability to degrade cellulose and hemicellulose, particularly with regard to the use of biomass as an alternative energy source. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence, and annotation. This is the first complete genome sequence of a member of the genus Cellulomonas, and next to the human pathogen Tropheryma whipplei the second complete genome sequence within the actinobacterial family Cellulomonadaceae. The 4,123,179 bp long single replicon genome with its 3,735 protein-coding and 53 RNA genes is part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project.
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Yoon J, Matsuda S, Adachi K, Kasai H, Yokota A. Rubritalea halochordaticola sp. nov., a carotenoid-producing verrucomicrobial species isolated from a marine chordate. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2010; 61:1515-1520. [PMID: 20656813 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.025031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A gram-negative-staining, obligately aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and chemoheterotrophic bacterium, designated strain MN1-1006(T), was isolated from an ascidian (sea squirt) sample, and was studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate shared approximately 93-99% sequence similarity with recognized species of the genus Rubritalea within the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia'. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain MN1-1006(T) and Rubritalea squalenifaciens HOact23(T) and Rubritalea sabuli YM29-052(T) were 57% and 14.5%, respectively. Strain MN1-1006(T) produced carotenoid compounds that rendered the cell biomass a reddish pink colour. The strain also contained squalene. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the novel strain contained muramic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid. The DNA G+C content of strain MN1-1006(T) was 51.4 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(14:0), iso-C(16:0) and anteiso-C(15:0). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9. On the basis of these data, it was concluded that strain MN1-1006(T) represents a novel species of the genus Rubritalea, for which the name Rubritalea halochordaticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MN1-1006(T )( = KCTC 23186(T) = NBRC 107102(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Yoon
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Marine Biotechnology Institute Co. Ltd, 3-75-1 Heita, Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan
| | - Kyoko Adachi
- Marine Biotechnology Institute Co. Ltd, 3-75-1 Heita, Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kasai
- Marine Biotechnology Institute Co. Ltd, 3-75-1 Heita, Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan
| | - Akira Yokota
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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Roles of xanthophyll carotenoids in protection against photoinhibition and oxidative stress in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 504:86-99. [PMID: 20638360 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 is a robust, genetically tractable cyanobacterium that produces six different xanthophyll carotenoids (zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, myxoxanthophyll (myxol-2'-fucoside), echinenone, 3'-hydroxyechinenone, and synechoxanthin) and tolerates many environmental stresses, including high light intensities. Targeted mutations were introduced to block the branches of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway leading to specific xanthophylls, and a mutant lacking all xanthophylls was constructed. Some of the mutants showed severe growth defects at high light intensities, and multi-locus mutants had somewhat lower chlorophyll contents and lower photosystem I levels. The results suggested that xanthophylls, particularly zeaxanthin and echinenone, might play regulatory roles in thylakoid biogenesis. Measurements of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species in the mutants showed that all xanthophylls participate in preventing ROS/RNS accumulation and that a mutant lacking all xanthophylls accumulated very high levels of ROS/RNS. Results from transcription profiling showed that mRNA levels for most genes encoding the enzymes of carotenogenesis are significantly more abundant after exposure to high light. These studies indicated that all xanthophylls contribute to protection against photo-oxidative stress.
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KURNIA AGUS, SATOH SHUICHI, HANZAWA SATOSHI. Effect of Paracoccus sp. and their Genetically Modified on Skin Coloration of Red Sea Bream. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2010. [DOI: 10.4308/hjb.17.2.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Yan P, Gao XZ, Shen WT, Zhou P. Cloning and expression analysis of phytoene desaturase and ζ-carotene desaturase genes in Carica papaya. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:785-91. [PMID: 20401696 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fruit flesh color of papaya is an important nutritional quality trait and is due to the accumulation of carotenoid. To elucidate the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in Carica papaya, the phytoene desaturase (PDS) and the ζ-carotene desaturase (ZDS) genes were isolated from papaya (named CpPDS and CpZDS) using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approach, and their expression levels were investigated in red- and yellow-fleshed papaya varieties. CpPDS contains a 1749 bp open reading frame coding for 583 amino acids, while CpZDS contains a 1716 bp open reading frame coding for 572 amino acids. The deduced CpPDS and CpZDS proteins contain a conserved dinucleotide-binding site at the N-terminus and a carotenoid-binding domain at the C-terminus. Papaya genome sequence analysis revealed that CpPDS and CpZDS are single copy; the CpPDS was mapped to papaya chromosome LG6, and the CpZDS was mapped to chromosome LG3. Quantitative PCR showed that both CpPDS and CpZDS were expressed in all tissues examined with the highest expression in maturing fruits, and that the expression of CpPDS and CpZDS were higher in red-fleshed fruits than in yellow-fleshed fruits. These results indicated that the differential accumulation of carotenoids in red- and yellow-fleshed papaya varieties might be partly explained by the transcriptional level of CpPDS and CpZDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China
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