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Fejes R, Pilat N, Lutnik M, Weisshaar S, Weijler AM, Krüger K, Draxler A, Bragagna L, Peake JM, Woodman RJ, Croft KD, Bondonno CP, Hodgson JM, Wagner KH, Wolzt M, Neubauer O. Effects of increased nitrate intake from beetroot juice on blood markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in older adults with hypertension. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:519-530. [PMID: 38972612 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation are important in the pathology of cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension. Cell culture and animal studies suggest that inorganic dietary nitrate may attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation through nitric oxide (NO), and there is a need to investigate whether this translates to humans. AIM In this randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study, by measuring a combination of multiple blood biomarkers, we evaluated whether previously reported benefits of dietary nitrate translate to a reduced oxidative stress and an improved inflammation status in 15 men and women (age range: 56-71 years) with treated hypertension. METHODS We investigated the effects of a single ∼400 mg-dose of nitrate at 3 h post-ingestion (3H POST) and the daily consumption of 2 × ∼400 mg of nitrate over 4 weeks (4WK POST), through nitrate-rich versus nitrate-depleted (placebo) beetroot juice. Measurements included plasma nitrate and nitrite (NOx), oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), F2-isoprostanes, protein carbonyls, oxidised (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH); and serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), chemokines, cytokines, and adhesion molecules. Flow cytometry was used to assess the relative proportion of blood monocyte subsets. RESULTS At 4WK POST nitrate intervention, the oxLDL/NOx ratio decreased (mainly due to increases in plasma nitrate and nitrite) and the GSH/GSSG ratio (a sensitive biomarker for alterations in the redox status) increased, compared with placebo (for both ratios P < 0.01). The relative proportion of classical (CD14+CD16-) monocytes decreased at 4WK POST for placebo compared to nitrate intervention (P < 0.05). Other oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were not altered by increased nitrate intake relative to placebo. CONCLUSIONS The data from this study point toward a subtle alteration in the redox balance toward a less pro-oxidative profile by a regular intake of inorganic nitrate from plant foods. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER NCT04584372 (ClinicialTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Fejes
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Pilat
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Lutnik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Weisshaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna M Weijler
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Agnes Draxler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Bragagna
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan M Peake
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard J Woodman
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wolzt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Neubauer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Centre for Health Sciences and Medicine, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria.
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Zhao L, Ingram DK, Gumpricht E, De Paoli T, Teong XT, Liu B, Mori TA, Heilbronn LK, Roth GS. Effects of an Unripe Avocado Extract on Glycaemic Control in Individuals with Obesity: A Double-Blinded, Parallel, Randomised Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4812. [PMID: 38004206 PMCID: PMC10674186 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unripe avocados (Persea americana) are naturally enriched in mannoheptulose (MH), which is a candidate caloric restriction mimetic. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of a diet supplement made from unripe avocado on glucose tolerance, and cardiometabolic risk factors in free-living nondiabetic adults with obesity. METHODS In a double-blinded, randomised controlled trial, 60 adults (female n = 47, age 48 ± 13 years, BMI 34.0 ± 2.6 kg/m2) were stratified by sex and randomised to avocado extract (AvX, 10 g finely ground, freeze-dried unripe avocado) or placebo (10 g finely ground cornmeal plus 5% spinach powder) daily, for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was a change in glucose area under the curve (AUC) in response to a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. A post-hoc analysis was subsequently performed in a subgroup with insulin AUC above the median of baseline values after removal of participants >2 SD from the mean. RESULTS There were no between-group differences in glucose AUC (p = 0.678), insulin AUC (p = 0.091), or cardiovascular outcomes. In the subgroup analysis, insulin AUC was lower in AxV versus placebo (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Daily consumption of unripe avocado extract enriched in MH did not alter glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic adults with obesity, but the data provided preliminary evidence for a benefit in insulin AUC in a subgroup of participants with elevated baseline postprandial insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhao
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (L.Z.); (X.T.T.); (B.L.); (L.K.H.)
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Donald K. Ingram
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | | | | | - Xiao Tong Teong
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (L.Z.); (X.T.T.); (B.L.); (L.K.H.)
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Bo Liu
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (L.Z.); (X.T.T.); (B.L.); (L.K.H.)
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Trevor A. Mori
- Discipline of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia;
| | - Leonie K. Heilbronn
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (L.Z.); (X.T.T.); (B.L.); (L.K.H.)
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - George S. Roth
- Prolongevity Technologies LLC, Pylesville, MD 21132, USA;
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Moon K, Mckinnon E, Croft K, Hendrie D, Patole S, Simmer K, Rao S. Early versus late parenteral nutrition in term and late preterm infants: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:514. [PMID: 36042439 PMCID: PMC9429301 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the wide use of parenteral nutrition (PN) in neonatal intensive care units (NICU), there is limited evidence regarding the optimal time to commence PN in term and late preterm infants. The recommendations from the recently published ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CPEN and NICE guidelines are substantially different in this area, and surveys have reported variations in clinical practice. The aim of this randomised controlled trial (RCT) is to evaluate the benefits and risks of early versus late PN in term and late preterm infants. METHODS/DESIGN This study is a single-centre, non-blinded RCT in the NICU of Perth Children's Hospital, Western Australia.A total of 60 infants born ≥34 weeks of gestation who have a high likelihood of intolerance to enteral nutrition (EN) for at least 3-5 days will be randomised to early (day 1 or day 2 of admission) or late commencement (day 6 of admission) of PN after informed parental consent. In both groups, EN will be commenced as early as clinically feasible. Primary outcomes are plasma phenylalanine and plasma F2-isoprostane levels on Day 4 and Day 8 of admission. Secondary outcomes are total and individual plasma amino acid profiles, plasma and red blood cell fatty acid profiles, in-hospital all-cause mortality, hospital-acquired infections, length of hospital/NICU stay, z scores and changes in z scores at discharge for weight, height and head circumference, time to full EN, duration of respiratory (mechanical, non-invasive) support, duration of inotropic support, the incidence of hyper and hypoglycaemia, incidence of metabolic acidosis, liver function, blood urea nitrogen, and C-reactive protein (CRP). DISCUSSION This RCT will examine the effects of early versus late PN in term and late preterm infants by comparing key biochemical and clinical outcomes and has the potential to identify underlying pathways for beneficial or harmful effects related to the timing of commencement of PN in such infants. TRIAL REGISTRATION ANZCTR; ACTRN12620000324910 (3rd March 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwi Moon
- Pharmacy Department, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | | | - Kevin Croft
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Delia Hendrie
- School of Public Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patole
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Neonatology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - Karen Simmer
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Shripada Rao
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Neonatology, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Roach LA, Meyer BJ, Fitton JH, Winberg P. Improved Plasma Lipids, Anti-Inflammatory Activity, and Microbiome Shifts in Overweight Participants: Two Clinical Studies on Oral Supplementation with Algal Sulfated Polysaccharide. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080500. [PMID: 36005503 PMCID: PMC9410082 DOI: 10.3390/md20080500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed polysaccharides in the diet may influence both inflammation and the gut microbiome. Here we describe two clinical studies with an Ulva sp. 84-derived sulfated polysaccharide—“xylorhamnoglucuronan” (SXRG84)—on metabolic markers, inflammation, and gut flora composition. The first study was a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial with placebo, and either 2 g/day or 4 g/day of SXRG84 daily for six weeks in 64 overweight or obese participants (median age 55 years, median body mass index (BMI) 29 kg/m2). The second study was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial with 64 participants (median BMI 29 kg/m2, average age 52) on placebo for six weeks and then 2 g/day of SXRG84 treatment for six weeks, or vice versa. In Study 1, the 2 g/day dose exhibited a significant reduction in non-HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (−10% or −0.37 mmol/L, p = 0.02) and in the atherogenic index (−50%, p = 0.05), and two-hour insulin (−12% or −4.83 mU/L) showed trends for reduction in overweight participants. CRP (C-reactive protein) was significantly reduced (−27% or −0.78 mg/L, p = 0.03) with the 4 g/day dose in overweight participants. Significant gut flora shifts included increases in Bifidobacteria, Akkermansia, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Clostridium and a decrease in Bilophila. In Study 2, no significant differences in lipid measures were observed, but inflammatory cytokines were improved. At twelve weeks after the SXRG84 treatment, plasma cytokine concentrations were significantly lower than at six weeks post placebo for IFN-γ (3.4 vs. 7.3 pg/mL), IL-1β (16.2 vs. 23.2 pg/mL), TNF-α (9.3 vs. 12.6 pg/mL), and IL-10 (1.6 vs. 2.1 pg/mL) (p < 0.05). Gut microbiota abundance and composition did not significantly differ between groups (p > 0.05). Together, the studies illustrate improvements in plasma lipids and an anti-inflammatory effect of dietary SXRG84 that is participant specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Roach
- Molecular Horizons, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.A.R.); (B.J.M.); (P.W.)
| | - Barbara J. Meyer
- Molecular Horizons, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.A.R.); (B.J.M.); (P.W.)
| | | | - Pia Winberg
- Venus Shell Systems Pty Ltd., Nowra, NSW 2540, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.A.R.); (B.J.M.); (P.W.)
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Savage K, Kingshott D, Gubko A, Thee AW, Burjawi T, Croft K, Sarris J, Stough C. The Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Anxiety in a Healthy Older Population. Exp Aging Res 2021; 47:322-346. [PMID: 33616006 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2021.1883966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background/study context: F2-Isoprostanes are putative markers of oxidative stress, one of the processes associated with biological senescence. Evidence exists for elevated F2-Isoprostanes in chronic conditions including psychiatric disorders. Few studies have examined the relationship between oxidative stress and mood in older healthy samples, to establish the influence on mental health. Given current aging demographics in many nations, management of brain and mental health is crucial for longevity, chronic disease management, and quality of life.Method: We investigated the relationship between F2-Isoprostanes, a marker for oxidative stress, and anxiety and mood in 262 healthy adults aged 60-75 years, using baseline data from the Australian Research Council Longevity Intervention (ARCLI; ANZCTR12611000487910), a 12-month nutraceutical intervention study.Results: Higher F2 levels significantly predicted increased Depression-dejection and Anger-hostility subscale scores from the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Fatigue-inertia subscale was predicted by increased Body Mass Index. Spielberger State-Trait Inventory (STAI) scores were significantly higher in females.Conclusion: While the primary outcome data did not find a definitive relationship between F2 and total mood or general anxiety levels, the sub-scale data adds weight toward growing literature that biological processes such as oxidative stress are in part related to mood. This is a modifiable risk factor contributing to physical and mental wellbeing that are crucial to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Savage
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Hawthorn, Australia.,Professorial Unit, the Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne University, Richmond, Australia
| | - Davy Kingshott
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Andrew Gubko
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Alicia Wt Thee
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Tamer Burjawi
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Kevin Croft
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Jerome Sarris
- Professorial Unit, the Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne University, Richmond, Australia.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Hawthorn, Australia
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Magno AL, Herat LY, Kiuchi MG, Schlaich MP, Ward NC, Matthews VB. The Influence of Hypertensive Therapies on Circulating Factors: Clinical Implications for SCFAs, FGF21, TNFSF14 and TNF-α. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092764. [PMID: 32858953 PMCID: PMC7576485 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the role of circulatory factors in the pathogenesis of diseases has been key to the development of effective therapies. We sought to examine the effect of antihypertensive therapies on numerous circulatory factors including short chain fatty acids and growth factors in a human cohort. A subset of participants from an earlier study was characterized by their hypertensive and/or treatment status and separated into three groups: (i) normotensives; (ii) untreated hypertensive and (iii) treated hypertensive subjects. Circulating levels of short chain fatty acids, FGF21 and TNF superfamily members were measured as part of this study. Both F2-isoprostane and circulating lipid levels were reanalysed as part of this current study. We found that antihypertensive treatment increased butyrate levels and decreased acetate levels to levels similar to normotensives. We also found that antihypertensive treatments reduced levels of circulating FGF21, TNFSF14 and TNF-α. In conclusion, we identified several circulatory factors that are altered in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L. Magno
- Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia;
| | - Lakshini Y. Herat
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Biomedical Science—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Márcio G. Kiuchi
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (M.G.K.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Markus P. Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (M.G.K.); (M.P.S.)
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Natalie C. Ward
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia;
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Vance B. Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Biomedical Science—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9224-0239
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de Freitas MCP, Martins Figueiredo Neto A, Damasceno NR. Nonlinear optical responses of oxidized low-density lipoprotein: Cutoff point for z-scan peak-valley distance. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101689. [PMID: 32087295 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of new methods to assess biomarkers of cardiovascular disease is currently a subject of scientific research. This article broadens our view of nonlinear optical responses of oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) evaluated using the Z-scan peak-valley distance and proposes a cutoff point. We investigated the association of peak-valley distance and some cardiovascular risk factors related with sociodemographic, clinical and anthropometric profiles and plasma biomarkers such as lipid and glucose profile, apolipoprotein, lipoprotein subfractions and omega 3 fatty acids. Z-scan analysis was performed using isolated LDL after ultracentrifugation in human blood samples collected after fasting. Peak-valley distance is a parameter that decreases directly depending on the oxidizability of LDL. As peak-valley distance was associated with relevant biomarkers of cardiovascular risk, we tested cutoff points for categorization and the best results were obtained using percentile < 75 (Lowz-scan) and percentile ≥ 75 (Highz-scan). The regression logistic models tested after establishing the cutoff point for peak-valley distance showed that increased levels of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, large high-density lipoprotein subfractions and docosahexaenoic acid are directly associated with HighZ-scan. Conversely, high levels of small LDL were associated with decreased odds of presenting HighZ-scan. In conclusion, the cutoff point for peak-valley distance was able to identify atherogenic characteristics of LDL and its relationship with some parameters of high-density lipoprotein functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Pruper de Freitas
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Nágila Raquel Damasceno
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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ATMADJA T, KUSHARTO C, SINAGA T. Supplementation of Catfish (<i>Clarias gariepinus</i>) Oil Enriched with Omega-3 Soft Capsule Improves Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Function in Elderly. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2020; 66:S47-S50. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.s47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin improves endothelial function in volunteers at risk of cardiovascular disease. Br J Nutr 2019; 123:182-189. [PMID: 31870463 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A higher intake of food rich in flavonoids such as quercetin can reduce the risk of CVD. Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ®) has a bioavailability 17-fold higher than quercetin aglycone and has shown potential CVD moderating effects in animal studies. The present study aimed to determine whether acute ingestion of EMIQ® improves endothelial function, blood pressure (BP) and cognitive function in human volunteers at risk of CVD. Twenty-five participants (twelve males and thirteen females) with at least one CVD risk factor completed this randomised, controlled, crossover study. In a random order, participants were given EMIQ® (2 mg aglycone equivalent)/kg body weight or placebo alongside a standard breakfast meal. Endothelial function, assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery was measured before and 1·5 h after intervention. BP, arterial stiffness, cognitive function, BP during cognitive stress and measures of quercetin metabolites, oxidative stress and markers of nitric oxide (NO) production were assessed post-intervention. After adjustment for pre-treatment measurements and treatment order, EMIQ® treatment resulted in a significantly higher FMD response compared with the placebo (1·80 (95 % CI 0·23, 3·37) %; P = 0·025). Plasma concentrations of quercetin metabolites were significantly higher (P < 0·001) after EMIQ® treatment compared with the placebo. No changes in BP, arterial stiffness, cognitive function or biochemical parameters were observed. In this human intervention study, the acute administration of EMIQ® significantly increased circulating quercetin metabolites and improved endothelial function. Further clinical trials are required to assess whether health benefits are associated with long-term EMIQ® consumption.
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d'Unienville NMA, Hill AM, Coates AM, Yandell C, Nelson MJ, Buckley JD. Effects of almond, dried grape and dried cranberry consumption on endurance exercise performance, recovery and psychomotor speed: protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000560. [PMID: 31548903 PMCID: PMC6733316 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Foods rich in nutrients, such as nitrate, nitrite, L-arginine and polyphenols, can promote the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), which may induce ergogenic effects on endurance exercise performance. Thus, consuming foods rich in these components, such as almonds, dried grapes and dried cranberries (AGC), may improve athletic performance. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of these foods may reduce oxidative damage induced by intense exercise, thus improving recovery and reducing fatigue from strenuous physical training. Improvements in NO synthesis may also promote cerebral blood flow, which may improve cognitive function. Methods and analysis Ninety-six trained male cyclists or triathletes will be randomised to consume ~2550 kJ of either a mixture of AGC or a comparator snack food (oat bar) for 4 weeks during an overreaching endurance training protocol comprised of a 2-week heavy training phase, followed by a 2-week taper. The primary outcome is endurance exercise performance (5 min time-trial performance) and secondary outcomes include markers of NO synthesis (plasma and urinary nitrites and nitrates), muscle damage (serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase), oxidative stress (F2-isoprostanes), endurance exercise function (exercise efficiency, submaximal oxygen consumption and substrate utilisation), markers of internal training load (subjective well-being, rating of perceived exertion, maximal rate of heart rate increase and peak heart rate) and psychomotor speed (choice reaction time). Conclusion This study will evaluate whether consuming AGC improves endurance exercise performance, recovery and psychomotor speed across an endurance training programme, and evaluate the mechanisms responsible for any improvement. Trial registration number ACTRN12618000360213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah M A d'Unienville
- School of Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alison M Hill
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alison M Coates
- School of Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine Yandell
- School of Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maximillian J Nelson
- School of Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Buckley
- School of Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Camfield DA, Nolidin K, Savage K, Timmer J, Croft K, Tangestani Fard M, Simpson T, Downey L, Scholey A, Pipingas A, Deleuil S, Stough C. Higher plasma levels of F2-isoprostanes are associated with slower psychomotor speed in healthy older adults. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:377-386. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1513133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Camfield
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen Nolidin
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen Savage
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jorinde Timmer
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Tamara Simpson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luke Downey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Saurenne Deleuil
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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12
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Chen X, Lee J, Wu H, Tsang AW, Furdui CM. Mass Spectrometry in Advancement of Redox Precision Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:327-358. [PMID: 31347057 PMCID: PMC9236553 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Redox (portmanteau of reduction-oxidation) reactions involve the transfer of electrons between chemical species in biological processes fundamental to life. It is of outmost importance that cells maintain a healthy redox state by balancing the action of oxidants and antioxidants; failure to do so leads to a multitude of diseases including cancer, diabetes, fibrosis, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. From the perspective of precision medicine, it is therefore beneficial to interrogate the redox phenotype of the individual-similar to the use of genomic sequencing-in order to design tailored strategies for disease prevention and treatment. This chapter provides an overview of redox metabolism and focuses on how mass spectrometry (MS) can be applied to advance our knowledge in redox biology and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hanzhi Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Allen W Tsang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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13
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Reduction of body iron in HFE-related haemochromatosis and moderate iron overload (Mi-Iron): a multicentre, participant-blinded, randomised controlled trial. LANCET HAEMATOLOGY 2018; 4:e607-e614. [PMID: 29195602 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(17)30214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The iron overload disorder hereditary haemochromatosis is most commonly caused by HFE p.Cys282Tyr homozygosity. In the absence of results from any randomised trials, current evidence is insufficient to determine whether individuals with hereditary haemochromatosis and moderately elevated serum ferritin, should undergo iron reduction treatment. This trial aimed to establish whether serum ferritin normalisation in this population improved symptoms and surrogate biomarkers. METHODS This study was a multicentre, participant-blinded, randomised controlled trial done at three centres in Australia. We enrolled people who were homozygous for HFE p.Cys282Tyr, aged between 18 and 70 years, with moderately elevated serum ferritin, defined as 300-1000 μg/L, and raised transferrin saturation. Participants were randomly assigned, via a computer-generated random number, to undergo either iron reduction by erythrocytapheresis (treatment group) or sham treatment by plasmapheresis (control group). Randomisation was stratified by baseline serum ferritin (<600 μg/L or ≥600 μg/L), sex, and study site. Erythrocytapheresis and plasmapheresis were done every 3 weeks, the number of procedures and volume of red cells or plasma removed determined on the basis of each patient's haemoglobin, haematocrit, and serum ferritin concentration, as well their height and weight. In the erythrocytapheresis group, the target was to reduce serum ferritin to less than 300 μg/L. The number of procedures for the control group was based on the initial serum ferritin and prediction of decrease in serum ferritin of approximately 120 μg/L per treatment. The primary outcome was patient-reported Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) score, measured at baseline and before unblinding. Analyses were by intention to treat, including the safety analysis. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01631708, and has been completed. FINDINGS Between Aug 15, 2012, and June 9, 2016, 104 participants were randomly assigned to the treatment (n=54) and control (n=50) groups, of whom 94 completed the study (50 in the treatment group and 44 in the control group). Improvement in MFIS score was greater in the treatment group than in the control group (mean difference -6·3, 95% CI -11·1 to -1·4, p=0·013). There was a significant difference in the cognitive subcomponent (-3·6, -5·9 to -1·3, p=0·0030), but not in the physical (-1·90 -4·5 to 0·63, p=0·14) and psychosocial (-0·54, -1·2 to 0·11, p=0·10) subcomponents. No serious adverse events occurred in either group. One participant in the control group had a vasovagal event and 17 participants (14 in the treatment group and three in the control group) had transient symptoms assessed as related to hypovolaemia. Mild citrate reactions were more common in the treatment group (32 events [25%] in 129 procedures) compared with the control group (one event [1%] in 93 procedures). INTERPRETATION To our knowledge, this study is the first to objectively assess the consequences of iron removal in individuals with hereditary haemochromatosis and moderately elevated serum ferritin. Our results suggest that serum ferritin normalisation by iron depletion could be of benefit for all individuals with hereditary haemochromatosis and elevated serum ferritin levels. FUNDING National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia).
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14
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Occurrence of azo food dyes and their effects on cellular inflammatory responses. Nutrition 2018; 46:36-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Downey LA, Simpson T, Timmer J, Nolidin K, Croft K, Wesnes KA, Scholey A, Deleuil S, Stough C. Impaired verbal episodic memory in healthy older adults is marked by increased F 2-Isoprostanes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 129:32-37. [PMID: 29482768 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated cognitive decline amongst otherwise healthy older individuals is a multifaceted characteristic of ageing. The role of oxidative stress biomarkers has been increasingly examined in the context of pathological aging conditions that affect cognition. Plasma F2-Isoprostane levels are a reliable index of systemic oxidative stress (specifically lipid peroxidation) and are elevated in dementia patients. Less is known about their role in healthy cognitive ageing. This study evaluated the relationship between F2-Isoprostanes and cognitive functioning in a cohort of 211 healthy elderly adults (60-75 years: Male; 88, Female; 123). Cognitive assessment included the Cognitive Drug Research (CDR) computerised assessment battery, which produces five validated factor scores (corresponding to 'Quality of Episodic Memory', 'Speed of Memory', Quality of Working Memory', Power of Attention' and 'Continuity of Attention'). Participants with higher F2-Isoprostane levels had significantly lower Quality of Episodic Memory scores (suggesting inferior abilities in retaining and retrieving verbal information in episodic memory). This is, to our knowledge, the first report of compromised verbal episodic memory in healthy ageing humans being linked to increased levels of F2-Isoprostanes. These results have relevance for interventions aimed at improving cognitive performance in the healthy elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Downey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia; Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Tamara Simpson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jorinde Timmer
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen Nolidin
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Keith A Wesnes
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia; Wesnes Cognition Ltd, Streatley on Thames, UK; Medical School, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Saurenne Deleuil
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
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16
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Bondonno NP, Bondonno CP, Blekkenhorst LC, Considine MJ, Maghzal G, Stocker R, Woodman RJ, Ward NC, Hodgson JM, Croft KD. Flavonoid-Rich Apple Improves Endothelial Function in Individuals at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 29086478 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The cardioprotective effects of apples are primarily attributed to flavonoids, found predominantly in the skin. This study aimed to determine if acute and/or chronic (4 weeks) ingestion of flavonoid-rich apples improves endothelial function, blood pressure (BP), and arterial stiffness in individuals at risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). METHODS AND RESULTS In this randomized, controlled cross-over trial, acute and 4 week intake of apple with skin (high flavonoid apple, HFA) is compared to intake of apple flesh only (low flavonoid apple, LFA) in 30 participants. The primary outcome is endothelial function assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, while main secondary outcomes are 24 h ambulatory BP and arterial stiffness. Other outcomes include fasting serum glucose and lipoprotein profile, plasma heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox-1), F2 -isoprostanes, flavonoid metabolites, and plasma and salivary nitrate (NO3- ) and nitrite (NO2- ) concentrations. Compared to LFA control, the HFA results in a significant increase in FMD acutely (0.8%, p < 0.001) and after 4 weeks chronic intake (0.5%, p < 0.001), and in plasma flavonoid metabolites (p < 0.0001). Other outcomes are not altered significantly. CONCLUSION A lower risk of CVD with higher apple consumption could be mediated by the beneficial effect of apple skin on endothelial function, both acutely and chronically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola P Bondonno
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael J Considine
- School of Molecular Sciences, and the School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Irrigated Agriculture Division, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, Australia
| | - Ghassan Maghzal
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard J Woodman
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Natalie C Ward
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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17
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Del Pino-García R, Rivero-Pérez MD, González-SanJosé ML, Croft KD, Muñiz P. Antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of supplementation with red wine pomace in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Funct 2017; 8:2444-2454. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00390k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
4-Week supplementation with a new red wine pomace seasoning (RWPS) decreased blood pressure, ameliorated vascular oxidative stress, and improved NO bioavailability in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Del Pino-García
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Science
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Burgos
- Burgos
- Spain
| | - María D. Rivero-Pérez
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Science
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Burgos
- Burgos
- Spain
| | | | - Kevin D. Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology
- University of Western Australia
- Perth 6000
- Australia
| | - Pilar Muñiz
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Science
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Burgos
- Burgos
- Spain
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18
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Ho XL, Liu JJH, Loke WM. Plant sterol-enriched soy milk consumption modulates 5-lipoxygenase, 12-lipoxygenase, and myeloperoxidase activities in healthy adults - a randomized-controlled trial. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:1396-1407. [PMID: 27776459 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1252839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled and crossover study was conducted to simultaneously measure the effects, after 3-h and 4-week daily exposure to plant sterols-enriched food product, on inflammation, oxidative status, 5-lipoxygenase, 12-lipoxygenase, and myeloperoxidase activities in healthy adults. Eighteen healthy participants (67% female, 35.3 (mean) ± 9.5 (SD) years, mean body mass index 22.8 kg m-2) received two soy milk (20g) treatments daily: placebo and one containing 2.0 g free plant sterols equivalent of their palmitates (β-sitosterol, 55%; campesterol, 29%; stigmasterol, 23%). F2-isoprostanes, leukotriene B4, sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol concentrations were measured in the blood plasma and urine, using stable isotope-labeled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. High-sensitivity c-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and lipoxin A4 concentrations in blood serum were measured using commercially available enzyme immunoassays. Myeloperoxidase activity, serum lipid hydroperoxides, plasma and urinary F2-isoprostanes, plasma and urinary leukotriene B4, and plasma high-sensitivity c-reactive protein concentrations were significantly reduced, while circulating lipoxin A4 concentrations were significantly elevated after 4-week plant sterols treatment. Plant sterols treatment decreased plasma leukotriene B4 and increased plasma lipoxin A4 concentrations acutely. Total plant sterols, β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol concentrations were significantly elevated after 4-week treatments compared with the pre-treatment concentrations. Our results suggest that dietary plant sterols, in the combination used, can alleviate lipid peroxidation and inflammatory events in vivo. These effects are possibly exerted via the modulation of myeloperoxidase, 5-lipoxygenase, and 12-lipoxygenase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lin Ho
- a Centre for Functional Foods & Human Nutrition, School of Chemical & Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic , Singapore, Singapore.,b Food Science & Nutrition Group, School of Chemical & Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Jia He Liu
- b Food Science & Nutrition Group, School of Chemical & Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Mun Loke
- a Centre for Functional Foods & Human Nutrition, School of Chemical & Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic , Singapore, Singapore.,b Food Science & Nutrition Group, School of Chemical & Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic , Singapore, Singapore
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19
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Proudfoot JM, Barden AE, Croft KD, Galano JM, Durand T, Bultel-Poncé V, Giera M, Mori TA. F 2-Isoprostanes in HDL are bound to neutral lipids and phospholipids. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:1374-1385. [PMID: 27750456 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1250262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, interventions that raise HDL-C have failed to reduce cardiovascular events. We previously reported that HDL is the main carrier of plasma F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) that are markers of oxidative stress formed upon oxidation of arachidonic acid. F2-IsoPs are predominantly associated with phospholipids. However, there is evidence that F2-IsoPs in the liver of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride associate with the neutral lipids. To date it is not known whether F2-IsoPs are found in the neutral lipids in HDL in humans. Possible candidate neutral lipids include cholesteryl esters, triglycerides, diglycerides, and monoglycerides. This study aimed to identify the lipid classes within native and oxidized HDL that contain F2-IsoPs. We showed that F2-IsoPs in HDL are bound to neutral lipids as well as phospholipids. HDL-3 contained the highest concentration of F2-IsoPs in all lipid classes before and after in vitro oxidation. Using targeted LC/MS and high resolution MS, we were unable to provide conclusive evidence for the presence of the synthesized standards 15(R)-15-F2t-isoP cholesterol and 1-ent-15(RS)-15-F2t-isoprostanoyl-sn-glycerol in the neutral lipids of HDL. Our findings show that oxidized lipids such as F2-IsoPs are found in the core and surface of HDL. However, the exact molecular species remain to be definitively characterized. Future studies are required to determine whether the presence of F2-IsoPs in neutral lipids alters HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Proudfoot
- a School of Medicine and Pharmacology , University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Unit , Perth , Australia
| | - Anne E Barden
- a School of Medicine and Pharmacology , University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Unit , Perth , Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- a School of Medicine and Pharmacology , University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Unit , Perth , Australia
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- b Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM , Montpellier , France
| | - Thierry Durand
- b Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM , Montpellier , France
| | - Valérie Bultel-Poncé
- b Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM , Montpellier , France
| | - Martin Giera
- c Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Trevor A Mori
- a School of Medicine and Pharmacology , University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Unit , Perth , Australia
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20
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Ho XL, Tsen SY, Ng MY, Lee WN, Low A, Loke WM. Aged Garlic Supplement Protects Against Lipid Peroxidation in Hypercholesterolemic Individuals. J Med Food 2016; 19:931-937. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lin Ho
- Centre for Functional Food & Human Nutrition, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shin Yih Tsen
- Food Science & Nutrition, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei Yen Ng
- Food Science & Nutrition, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Ni Lee
- Food Science & Nutrition, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aileen Low
- Defu Foodstuff Pte Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Mun Loke
- Centre for Functional Food & Human Nutrition, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
- Food Science & Nutrition, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Bakker JR, Bondonno NP, Gaspari TA, Kemp-Harper BK, McCashney AJ, Hodgson JM, Croft KD, Ward NC. Low dose dietary nitrate improves endothelial dysfunction and plaque stability in the ApoE -/- mouse fed a high fat diet. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:189-198. [PMID: 27519268 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) is an important vascular signalling molecule. NO is synthesised endogenously by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). An alternate pathway is exogenous dietary nitrate, which can be converted to nitrite and then stored or further converted to NO and used immediately. Atherosclerosis is associated with endothelial dysfunction and subsequent lesion formation. This is thought to arise due to a reduction in the bioavailability and/or bioactivity of endogenous NO. AIM To determine if dietary nitrate can protect against endothelial dysfunction and lesion formation in the ApoE-/- mouse fed a high fat diet (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE-/- fed a HFD were randomized to receive (i) high nitrate (10mmol/kg/day, n=12), (ii) moderate nitrate (1mmol/kg/day, n=8), (iii) low nitrate (0.1mmol/kg/day, n=8), or (iv) sodium chloride supplemented drinking water (control, n=10) for 10 weeks. A group of C57BL6 mice (n=6) received regular water and served as a healthy reference group. At 10 weeks, ACh-induced vessel relaxation was significantly impaired in ApoE-/- mice versus C57BL6. Mice supplemented with low or moderate nitrate showed significant improvements in ACh-induced vessel relaxation compared to ApoE-/- mice given the high nitrate or sodium chloride. Plaque collagen expression was increased and lipid deposition reduced following supplementation with low or moderate nitrate compared to sodium chloride, reflecting increased plaque stability with nitrate supplementation. Plasma nitrate and nitrite levels were significantly increased in all three groups fed the nitrate-supplemented water. CONCLUSION Low and moderate dose nitrate significantly improved endothelial function and atherosclerotic plaque composition in ApoE-/- mice fed a HFD.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylcholine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/diet therapy
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Collagen/genetics
- Collagen/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dietary Supplements
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Gene Expression
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nitrates/administration & dosage
- Nitrates/blood
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/diet therapy
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/etiology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/genetics
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Vasodilation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Bakker
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - N P Bondonno
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - T A Gaspari
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B K Kemp-Harper
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A J McCashney
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J M Hodgson
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - K D Croft
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - N C Ward
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
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22
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Lee YY, Galano JM, Oger C, Vigor C, Guillaume R, Roy J, Le Guennec JY, Durand T, Lee JCY. Assessment of Isoprostanes in Human Plasma: Technical Considerations and the Use of Mass Spectrometry. Lipids 2016; 51:1217-1229. [PMID: 27671161 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenated lipid mediators released from non-enzymatic peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known to have functional roles in humans. Notably, among these lipid mediators, isoprostanes molecules are robust biomarkers of oxidative stress but those from n-3 PUFA are also bioactive molecules. In order to identify and assess the isoprostanes, the use of mass spectrometry (MS) for analysis is preferable and has been used for over two decades. Gas chromatography (GC) is commonly coupled to the MS to separate the derivatized isoprostanes of interest in biological samples. In order to increase the accuracy of the analytical performance, GC-MS/MS was also applied. Lately, MS or MS/MS has been coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography to assess multiple isoprostane molecules in a single biological sample without derivatization process. However, there are limitations for the use of LC-MS/MS in the measurement of plasma isoprostanes, which will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Yiu Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Reversat Guillaume
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Roy
- UMR CNRS 9214-Inserm U1046 Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des muscles-PHYMEDEXP, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Yves Le Guennec
- UMR CNRS 9214-Inserm U1046 Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des muscles-PHYMEDEXP, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jetty Chung-Yung Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
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Kar P, Plummer MP, Bellomo R, Jenkins AJ, Januszewski AS, Chapman MJ, Jones KL, Horowitz M, Deane AM. Liberal Glycemic Control in Critically Ill Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: An Exploratory Study. Crit Care Med 2016; 44:1695-703. [PMID: 27315191 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The optimal blood glucose target in critically ill patients with preexisting diabetes and chronic hyperglycemia is unknown. In such patients, we aimed to determine whether a " liberal" approach to glycemic control would reduce hypoglycemia and glycemic variability and appear safe. DESIGN Prospective, open-label, sequential-period exploratory study. SETTING Medical-surgical ICU. PATIENTS During sequential 6-month periods, we studied 83 patients with preexisting type 2 diabetes and chronic hyperglycemia (glycated hemoglobin, ≥ 7.0% at ICU admission). INTERVENTION During the "standard care" period, 52 patients received insulin to treat blood glucose concentrations greater than 10 mmol/L whereas during the "liberal" period, 31 patients received insulin to treat blood glucose concentrations greater than 14 mmol/L. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Time-weighted mean glucose concentrations and the number and duration of moderate (< 4.0 mmol/L) and severe (≤ 2.2 mmol/L) hypoglycemic episodes were recorded, with moderate and severe hypoglycemic episodes grouped together. Glycemic variability was assessed by calculating the coefficient of variability for each patient. Safety was evaluated using clinical outcomes and plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation, glucose-turnover, and oxidative stress. Mean glucose (TWglucoseday 0-7, standard care: 9.3 [1.8] vs liberal: 10.3 [2.1] mmol/L; p = 0.02) and nadir blood glucose (4.4 [1.5] vs 5.5 [1.6] mmol/L; p < 0.01) were increased during the liberal period. There was a signal toward reduced risk of moderate-severe hypoglycemia (relative risk: liberal compared with standard care: 0.47 [95% CI, 0.19-1.13]; p = 0.09). Ten patients (19%) during the standard period and one patient (3%) during the liberal period had recurrent episodes of moderate-severe hypoglycemia. Liberal therapy reduced glycemic variability (coefficient of variability, 33.2% [12.9%] vs 23.8% [7.7%]; p < 0.01). Biomarker data and clinical outcomes were similar. CONCLUSIONS In critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic hyperglycaemia, liberal glycemic control appears to attenuate glycemic variability and may reduce the prevalence of moderate-severe hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palash Kar
- 1Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.2Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.3Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.4School of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.5Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.6National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.7National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in the Translation of Nutritional Science into Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.8Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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24
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Bioavailability of phenolic compounds and antioxidant effects of wine pomace seasoning after oral administration in rats. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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25
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Catanzaro R, Zerbinati N, Solimene U, Marcellino M, Mohania D, Italia A, Ayala A, Marotta F. Beneficial effect of refined red palm oil on lipid peroxidation and monocyte tissue factor in HCV-related liver disease: a randomized controlled study. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2016; 15:165-72. [PMID: 27020633 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(16)60072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large amount of endotoxin can be detected in the peripheral venous blood of patients with liver cirrhosis, contributing to the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity because of its role in oxidative stress. The present study aimed to test the effect of the supplementation with red palm oil (RPO), which is a natural oil obtained from oil palm fruit (Elaeis guineensis) rich in natural fat-soluble tocopherols, tocotrienols and carotenoids, on lipid peroxidation and endotoxemia with plasma endotoxin-inactivating capacity, proinflammatory cytokines profile, and monocyte tissue factor in patients with chronic liver disease. METHODS The study group consisted of sixty patients (34 males and 26 females; mean age 62 years, range 54-75) with Child A/B, genotype 1 HCV-related cirrhosis without a history of ethanol consumption, randomly enrolled into an 8-week oral daily treatment with either vitamin E or RPO. All patients had undergone an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 8 months before, and 13 out of them showed esophageal varices. RESULTS Both treatments significantly decreased erythrocyte malondialdehyde and urinary isoprostane output, only RPO significantly affected macrophage-colony stimulating factor and monocyte tissue factor. Liver ultrasound imaging did not show any change. CONCLUSIONS RPO beneficially modulates oxidative stress and, not least, downregulates macrophage/monocyte inflammatory parameters. RPO can be safely advised as a valuable nutritional implementation tool in the management of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Catanzaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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26
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Tsen SY, Tan XY, Tan YM, Yan BY, Loke WM. Relative Inhibitions of 5-Lipoxygenase and Myeloperoxidase and Free-Radical Scavenging Activities of Daidzein, Dihydrodaidzein, and Equol. J Med Food 2016; 19:543-8. [PMID: 27027338 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of bioavailability and metabolic transformation on the biological activities of daidzein are relatively unknown. The effects of daidzein, dihydrodaidzein, and equol at physiologically relevant concentrations on the production of leukotriene B4 and F2-isoprostanes, and myeloperoxidase enzyme activity in freshly isolated human neutrophils were examined. Equol, at physiological concentrations, inhibited leukotriene B4 production (IC50-200 nmol/L) in human neutrophils significantly more than daidzein and dihydrodaidzein (IC50 values >1000 nmol/L). Daidzein, dihydrodaidzein, and equol did not affect the enzymatic hydrolysis of leukotriene A4 to leukotriene B4, suggesting that they exerted their inhibitory effects on the 5-lipoxygenase activity. Daidzein (IC50 = 600 nmol/L) protected against free radical peroxidation of arachidonic acid significantly more than did equol and dihydrodaidzein (IC50 values >1000 nmol/L). Equol also showed significantly greater inhibition of myeloperoxidase activity (IC50 = 450 nmol/L) when compared to daidzein and dihydrodaidzein. Equol accumulated within the human neutrophils at significantly higher concentrations than daidzein and dihydrodaidzein after incubation with the three compounds at physiologically relevant concentrations. Neutrophils were able to accumulate intracellular daidzein, dihydrodaidzein, and equol up to a concentration of ∼600 nmol/L. Our results provide in vitro evidence that the biological activities of daidzein are profoundly influenced by bioavailability and metabolic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yih Tsen
- 1 Food Science & Nutrition Group, School of Chemical and Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore .,2 Centre for Functional Food & Human Nutrition, School of Chemical & Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Yi Tan
- 1 Food Science & Nutrition Group, School of Chemical and Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yin Mei Tan
- 1 Food Science & Nutrition Group, School of Chemical and Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bao Yi Yan
- 1 Food Science & Nutrition Group, School of Chemical and Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Mun Loke
- 1 Food Science & Nutrition Group, School of Chemical and Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore .,2 Centre for Functional Food & Human Nutrition, School of Chemical & Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Kure CE, Rosenfeldt FL, Scholey AB, Pipingas A, Kaye DM, Bergin PJ, Croft KD, Wesnes KA, Myers SP, Stough C. Relationships Among Cognitive Function and Cerebral Blood Flow, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Older Heart Failure Patients. J Card Fail 2016; 22:548-59. [PMID: 27002943 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms for cognitive impairment in heart failure (HF) are unclear. We investigated the relative contributions of cerebral blood flow velocity (BFV), oxidative stress, and inflammation to HF-associated cognitive impairment. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-six HF patients (≥60 years) and 40 healthy controls (68 ± 7 vs 67 ± 5 years, P > .05; 69% vs 50% male, P > .05) completed the Cognitive Drug Research computerized assessment battery and Stroop tasks. Common carotid (CCA) and middle cerebral arterial BFV were obtained by transcranial Doppler. Blood samples were collected for oxidant (diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites; F2-isoprostanes), antioxidant (coenzyme Q10; CoQ10), and inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). Compared with controls, patients exhibited impaired attention (Cognitive Drug Research's Power of Attention domain, congruent Stroop) and executive function (incongruent Stroop). Multiple regression modeling showed that CCA-BFV and CoQ10 but not group predicted performance on attention and executive function. Additionally, in HF patients, CCA-BFV and CoQ10 (β = -0.34 vs β = -0.35) were significant predictors of attention, and CCA-BFV (β = -0.34) was a predictor of executive function. CONCLUSIONS Power of Attention and executive function is impaired in older HF patients, and reduced CCA-BFV and CoQ10 are associated with worse cognition. Interventions addressing these mechanisms may improve cognition in older HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Kure
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.
| | - Franklin L Rosenfeldt
- Cardiac Surgical Research Unit, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Australia; Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew B Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter J Bergin
- Cardiovascular Medicine Services (Heart Centre), The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Keith A Wesnes
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia; Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK; Wesnes Cognition Ltd, Streatley on Thames, UK
| | - Stephen P Myers
- NatMed-Research, Division of Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
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Mangum LC, Mangum LH, Chambers JE, Ross MK, Meek EC, Wills RW, Crow JA. The association of serum trans-nonachlor levels with atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:210-220. [PMID: 26953872 PMCID: PMC4902318 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1143901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies suggest a strong association between exposure to environmental contaminants, including organochlorine (OC) insecticides or their metabolites, and development of pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, in which oxidative stress plays a significant etiological role. Biomarkers of systemic oxidative stress have the potential to link production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are formed as a result of exposure to xenobiotic toxicants, and underlying pathophysiological states. Measurement of F2-isoprostane concentrations in body fluids is the most accurate and sensitive method currently available for assessing in vivo steady-state oxidative stress levels. In the current study, urinary concentrations of F2-isoprostanes and serum levels of persistent OC compounds p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (DDE), trans-nonachlor (a component of the technical chlordane mixture), and oxychlordane (a chlordane metabolite) were quantified in a cross-sectional study sample and the association of these factors with a clinical diagnosis of atherosclerosis determined. Urinary isoprostane levels were not associated with atherosclerosis or serum concentrations of OC compounds in this study sample. However, occurrence of atherosclerosis was found to be associated with serum trans-nonachlor levels. DDE and oxychlordane were not associated with atherosclerosis. This finding supports current evidence that exposure to environmental factors is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, in addition to other known risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee C. Mangum
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Lauren H. Mangum
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Janice E. Chambers
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Matthew K. Ross
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Edward C. Meek
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Robert W. Wills
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - J. Allen Crow
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
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Del Pino-García R, Rivero-Pérez MD, González-SanJosé ML, Castilla-Camina P, Croft KD, Muñiz P. Attenuation of oxidative stress in Type 1 diabetic rats supplemented with a seasoning obtained from winemaking by-products and its effect on endothelial function. Food Funct 2016; 7:4410-4421. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01071g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A new red wine pomace seasoning (RWPS) induced remarkable anti-hyperglycemic effects and amelioration of vascular oxidative stress in Type 1 diabetic (DB) rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Del Pino-García
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Science
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Burgos
- Burgos
- Spain
| | - María D. Rivero-Pérez
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Science
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Burgos
- Burgos
- Spain
| | | | - Pablo Castilla-Camina
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Science
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Burgos
- Burgos
- Spain
| | - Kevin D. Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology
- University of Western Australia
- Perth 6000
- Australia
| | - Pilar Muñiz
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Science
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Burgos
- Burgos
- Spain
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30
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Goods PSR, Dawson B, Landers GJ, Gore CJ, Croft K, Peeling P. Effect of repeat-sprint training in hypoxia on post-exercise interleukin-6 and F2-isoprostanes. Eur J Sport Sci 2015; 16:1047-54. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1123776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Fish oil and multivitamin supplementation reduces oxidative stress but not inflammation in healthy older adults: A randomised controlled trial. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Guest J, Bilgin A, Hokin B, Mori TA, Croft KD, Grant R. Novel relationships between B12, folate and markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and NAD(H) levels, systemically and in the CNS of a healthy human cohort. Nutr Neurosci 2015; 18:355-64. [PMID: 26263423 DOI: 10.1179/1476830515y.0000000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between folate, cobalamin (Cbl), and homocysteine (Hcy), and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress within the periphery and central nervous system (CNS) of a healthy human cohort. METHODS Thirty-five matched cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples were collected from consenting participants who required a spinal tap for the administration of anaesthetic. Plasma concentrations of Hcy and both plasma and CSF levels of folate, Cbl, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(H)) and markers of inflammation (interleukin-6, IL-6), and oxidative stress (F2-isoprostanes, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) were quantified. RESULTS In the peripheral circulation, positive associations were observed between plasma folate and Cbl, and plasma TAC (P ≤ 0.01; P ≤ 0.01) and plasma NAD(H) (P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.05) levels, respectively. Plasma folate was inversely associated with plasma Hcy concentrations (P ≤ 0.05); however, no statistically significant relationships were observed between plasma Hcy and plasma markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, or [NAD(H)]. Within the CNS plasma Hcy correlated positively with CSF IL-6 (P ≤ 0.01) and negatively with CSF NAD(H) (P ≤ 0.05) concentrations. An inverse association was observed between CSF folate and CSF levels of IL-6 (P ≤ 0.05). Unexpectedly, a positive association between CSF Cbl and CSF 8-OHdG levels was also found (P ≤ 0.01). DISCUSSION These results indicate that folate and Cbl concentrations may influence the levels of oxidative damage, inflammation, and NAD(H), both systemically and within the CNS.
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Alfonso H, Franklin P, Ching S, Croft K, Burcham P, Olsen N, Reid A, Joyce D, de Klerk N, Musk AWB. Effect of N-acetylcysteine supplementation on oxidative stress status and alveolar inflammation in people exposed to asbestos: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Respirology 2015; 20:1102-7. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helman Alfonso
- School of Population Health; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Public Health; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Peter Franklin
- School of Population Health; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Simon Ching
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Path West Laboratory Medicine; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Kevin Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Phil Burcham
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Nola Olsen
- School of Population Health; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Alison Reid
- School of Population Health; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
- Centre for Medical Research; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - David Joyce
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Nick de Klerk
- School of Population Health; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
- Institute of Child Health Research; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - AW Bill Musk
- School of Population Health; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; Perth Western Australia Australia
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Tangvarasittichai S. Oxidative stress, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:456-480. [PMID: 25897356 PMCID: PMC4398902 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i3.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 688] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is increased in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and this appears to underlie the development of cardiovascular disease, T2DM and diabetic complications. Increased oxidative stress appears to be a deleterious factor leading to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, β-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose tolerance and ultimately leading to T2DM. Chronic oxidative stress, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are particularly dangerous for β-cells from lowest levels of antioxidant, have high oxidative energy requirements, decrease the gene expression of key β-cell genes and induce cell death. If β-cell functioning is impaired, it results in an under production of insulin, impairs glucose stimulated insulin secretion, fasting hyperglycemia and eventually the development of T2DM.
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Yen HC, Wei HJ, Lin CL. Unresolved issues in the analysis of F2-isoprostanes, F4-neuroprostanes, isofurans, neurofurans, and F2-dihomo-isoprostanes in body fluids and tissue using gas chromatography/negative-ion chemical-ionization mass spectrometry. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:861-80. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1014812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Galano JM, Lee YY, Durand T, Lee JCY. Special Issue on "Analytical Methods for Oxidized Biomolecules and Antioxidants" The use of isoprostanoids as biomarkers of oxidative damage, and their role in human dietary intervention studies. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:583-98. [PMID: 25734631 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1007969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Isoprostanoids are a group of non-enzymatic oxidized lipids from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are commonly used as biomarkers for oxidative damage, to assess in vivo lipid peroxidation in diseases related to the vascular system and neurodegeneration. Currently, there is a mismatch with the outcome in the use of these biomarkers in intervention studies, particularly when testing the effect of antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, or zinc, or a cocktail of these, with other food components. Much of this is because the biomarkers, the method of measurement, and the duration of supplementation are unsuitable. In this review, we will highlight the formation of isoprostanoids from their respective fatty acids, and their application as biomarkers for oxidative damage in vivo, considering human dietary intervention studies evaluating plasma and urine, using mass spectrometry techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Universités of Montpellier , France
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Pompeani N, Rybalka E, Latchman H, Murphy RM, Croft K, Hayes A. Skeletal muscle atrophy in sedentary Zucker obese rats is not caused by calpain-mediated muscle damage or lipid peroxidation induced by oxidative stress. J Negat Results Biomed 2014; 13:19. [PMID: 25547587 PMCID: PMC4296544 DOI: 10.1186/s12952-014-0019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle undergoes significant atrophy in Type 2 diabetic patients and animal models. We aimed to determine if atrophy of Zucker rat skeletal muscle was due to the activation of intracellular damage pathways induced by excess reactive oxygen species production (specifically those associated with the peroxidation of lipid membranes) and calpain activity. 14 week old obese Zucker rats and littermate lean controls were injected with 1% Evan’s Blue Dye. Animals were anaesthetised and extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles were dissected, snap frozen and analysed for ROS-mediated F2-isoprostane production and calpain activation/autolysis. Contralateral muscles were histologically analysed for markers of muscle membrane permeability and atrophy. Results Muscle mass was lower in extensor digitorum longus and soleus of obese compared with lean animals, concomitant with reduced fibre area. Muscles from obese rats had a higher proportional area of Evan’s Blue Dye fluorescence, albeit this was localised to the interstitium/external sarcolemma. There were no differences in F2-isoprostane production when expressed relative to arachidonic acid content, which was lower in the obese EDL and soleus muscles. There were no differences in the activation of either μ-calpain or calpain-3. Conclusions This study highlights that atrophy of Zucker rat skeletal muscle is not related to sarcolemmal damage, sustained hyperactivation of the calpain proteases or excessive lipid peroxidation. As such, establishing the correct pathways involved in atrophy is highly important so as to develop more specific treatment options that target the underlying cause. This study has eliminated two of the potential pathways theorised to be responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Pompeani
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Emma Rybalka
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Heidy Latchman
- Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kevin Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Alan Hayes
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Hadzi-Petrushev N, Stojkovski V, Mitrov D, Mladenov M. d-galactose induced inflammation lipid peroxidation and platelet activation in rats. Cytokine 2014; 69:150-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cow’s milk as a dietary source of equol and phenolic antioxidants: differential distribution in the milk aqueous and lipid fractions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-014-0183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Guest J, Grant R, Garg M, Mori TA, Croft KD, Bilgin A. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of inflammation, oxidative stress and NAD+ are linked to differences in plasma carotenoid concentrations. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:117. [PMID: 24985027 PMCID: PMC4096526 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of foods rich in carotenoids that possess significant antioxidant and inflammatory modulating properties has been linked to reduced risk of neuropathology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between plasma carotenoid concentrations and plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in an essentially healthy human cohort. METHODS Thirty-eight matched CSF and plasma samples were collected from consenting participants who required a spinal tap for the administration of anaesthetic. Plasma concentrations of carotenoids and both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of NAD(H) and markers of inflammation (IL-6, TNF-α) and oxidative stress (F2-isoprostanes, 8-OHdG and total antioxidant capacity) were quantified. RESULTS The average age of participants was 53 years (SD=20, interquartile range=38). Both α-carotene (P=0.01) and β-carotene (P<0.001) correlated positively with plasma total antioxidant capacity. A positive correlation was observed between α-carotene and CSF TNF-α levels (P=0.02). β-cryptoxanthin (P=0.04) and lycopene (P=0.02) inversely correlated with CSF and plasma IL-6 respectively. A positive correlation was also observed between lycopene and both plasma (P<0.001) and CSF (P<0.01) [NAD(H)]. Surprisingly no statistically significant associations were found between the most abundant carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin and either plasma or CSF markers of oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Together these findings suggest that consumption of carotenoids may modulate inflammation and enhance antioxidant defences within both the central nervous system (CNS) and systemic circulation. Increased levels of lycopene also appear to moderate decline in the essential pyridine nucleotide [NAD(H)] in both the plasma and the CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Guest
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Wallace Wurth Building, office #203, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ross Grant
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Wallace Wurth Building, office #203, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Manohar Garg
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ayse Bilgin
- Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Shinto L, Quinn J, Montine T, Dodge HH, Woodward W, Baldauf-Wagner S, Waichunas D, Bumgarner L, Bourdette D, Silbert L, Kaye J. A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial of omega-3 fatty acids and alpha lipoic acid in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 38:111-20. [PMID: 24077434 PMCID: PMC3886557 DOI: 10.3233/jad-130722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation, and increased cholesterol levels are all mechanisms that have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Several epidemiologic studies have reported a decreased risk of AD with fish consumption. This pilot study was designed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids alone (ω-3) or omega-3 plus alpha lipoic acid (ω-3 + LA) compared to placebo on oxidative stress biomarkers in AD. The primary outcome measure was peripheral F2-isoprostane levels (oxidative stress measure). Secondary outcome measures included performance on: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Activities of Daily Living/Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADL/IADL), and Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog). Thirty-nine AD subjects were randomized to one of three groups: 1) placebo, 2) ω-3, or 3) ω-3 + LA for a treatment duration of 12 months. Eighty seven percent (34/39) of the subjects completed the 12-month intervention. There was no difference between groups at 12 months in peripheral F2-isoprostane levels (p = 0.83). The ω-3 + LA and ω-3 were not significantly different than the placebo group in ADAS-cog (p = 0.98, p = 0.86) and in ADL (p = 0.15, p = 0.82). Compared to placebo, the ω-3 + LA showed less decline in MMSE (p < 0.01) and IADL (p = 0.01) and the ω-3 group showed less decline in IADL (p < 0.01). The combination of ω-3 + LA slowed cognitive and functional decline in AD over 12 months. Because the results were generated from a small sample size, further evaluation of the combination of omega-3 fatty acids plus alpha-lipoic acid as a potential treatment in AD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Shinto
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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42
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Moussavi Nik SH, Croft K, Mori TA, Lardelli M. The Comparison of Methods for Measuring Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Brains. Zebrafish 2014; 11:248-54. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2013.0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Hani Moussavi Nik
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kevin Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Trevor A. Mori
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Michael Lardelli
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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43
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Konstantinidis G, Head GA, Evans RG, Nguyen-Huu TP, Venardos K, Croft KD, Mori TA, Kaye DM, Rajapakse NW. Endothelial cationic amino acid transporter-1 overexpression can prevent oxidative stress and increases in arterial pressure in response to superoxide dismutase inhibition in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:845-53. [PMID: 24428817 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The aim of our study is to examine whether increased expression of the predominant endothelial l-arginine transporter, cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT1), can prevent oxidative stress-induced hypertension. METHODS Wild-type mice (WT; n = 9) and endothelial CAT1 overexpressing (CAT+) mice (n = 6) had telemetry probes implanted for the measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and locomotor activity. Minipumps were implanted for infusion of the superoxide dismutase inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DETCA; 30 mg kg(-1) day(-1) ; 14 days) or its saline vehicle. Baseline levels of MAP, HR and locomotor activity were determined before and during chronic DETCA administration. Mice were then killed, and their plasma and kidneys collected for analysis of F2 -isoprostane levels. RESULTS Basal MAP was less in CAT+ (92 ± 2 mmHg; n = 6) than in WT (98 ± 2 mmHg; n = 9; P < 0.001). During DETCA infusion, MAP was increased in WT (by 4.2 ± 0.5%; P < 0.001) but not in CAT+, when compared to appropriate controls (PDETCA*genotype = 0.006). DETCA infusion increased total plasma F2 -isoprostane levels (by 67 ± 11%; P = 0.05) in WT but not in CAT+. Total renal F2 -isoprostane levels were greater during DETCA infusion in WT (by 72%; P < 0.001), but not in CAT+, compared to appropriate controls. CONCLUSION Augmented endothelial l-arginine transport attenuated the prohypertensive effects of systemic and renal oxidative stress, suggesting that manipulation of endothelial CAT1 may provide a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular disease associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Konstantinidis
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Department of Physiology; Monash University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - G. A. Head
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - R. G. Evans
- Department of Physiology; Monash University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - T.-P. Nguyen-Huu
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - K. Venardos
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - K. D. Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; Royal Perth Hospital Unit; University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
| | - T. A. Mori
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; Royal Perth Hospital Unit; University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
| | - D. M. Kaye
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - N. W. Rajapakse
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Department of Physiology; Monash University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
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44
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Barden A, Mas E, Croft K, Phillips M, Mori T. Minimizing artifactual elevation of lipid peroxidation products (F2-isoprostanes) in plasma during collection and storage. Anal Biochem 2014; 449:129-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Li Kwok Cheong JD, Croft KD, Henry PD, Matthews V, Hodgson JM, Ward NC. Green coffee polyphenols do not attenuate features of the metabolic syndrome and improve endothelial function in mice fed a high fat diet. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 559:46-52. [PMID: 24583266 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of the major polyphenol in coffee, chlorogenic acid (CGA), on obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, systemic oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in a mouse model of the metabolic syndrome. Thirty C57BL6 mice were randomly divided into (n=10/group) (i) normal diet (ND), (ii) high fat diet (HFD), or (iii) high fat diet supplemented with 0.5% w/w green coffee bean extract (GCE) rich in chlorogenic acid (HFD+GCE). The high fat diet consisted of 28% fat and all animals were maintained on their diets for 12 weeks. The mice fed a HFD and HFD+GCE displayed symptoms of the metabolic syndrome compared to their normal fed counterparts, although no endothelial dysfunction was detected in the abdominal aortas after 12 weeks. GCE did not attenuate HFD-induced obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance or systemic oxidative stress. Furthermore, GCE did not protect against ex vivo oxidant (hypochlorous acid)-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Li Kwok Cheong
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - K D Croft
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - P D Henry
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - V Matthews
- Laboratory for Metabolic Dysfunction, UWA Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Australia
| | - J M Hodgson
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - N C Ward
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fat emulsions used in Australia for parenteral nutrition in preterm neonates have been based on either soybean oil or olive oil (OO). OO lipid Clinoleic has a high ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids (9:1); this may not be ideal for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids supply. Newly available SMOFlipid has an appropriate ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids (2.5:1). SMOFlipid also contains OO (25%), coconut oil (30%), and soybean oil (30%). The aims of the study were to evaluate the safety of the SMOFlipid and to test the hypothesis that SMOFlipid would lead to increased omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and reduced oxidative stress as compared with Clinoleic in preterm neonates (<30 weeks). METHODS Preterm neonates (23-30 weeks) were randomised to receive Clinoleic or SMOFlipid emulsion for 7 days. Investigators and outcome assessors were masked to allocation. Plasma F2-isoprostanes (lipid peroxidation marker), red blood cell fatty acids, and vitamin E were measured before and after the study. Blood culture positive sepsis and growth were monitored for safety. RESULTS Thirty of 34 participants completed the study. Both emulsions were well tolerated without any adverse events. F2-isoprostane levels were reduced in the SMOFlipid group as compared with baseline. Eicosapentanoic acid and vitamin E levels were significantly increased in the SMOFlipid group. Oleic acid and linoleic acid levels were increased in both groups. No significant differences were noted in poststudy docosahexaenoic acid levels in both groups despite higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid in SMOFlipid. CONCLUSIONS SMOFlipid was safe, well tolerated, and showed beneficial effect in terms of reduction of oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation levels in high-risk preterm neonates.
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47
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Guest J, Grant R, Mori TA, Croft KD. Changes in oxidative damage, inflammation and [NAD(H)] with age in cerebrospinal fluid. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85335. [PMID: 24454842 PMCID: PMC3891813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress and inflammation play a central role in the degenerative changes of systemic tissues in aging. However a comparatively limited amount of data is available to verify whether these processes also contribute to normal aging within the brain. High levels of oxidative damage results in key cellular changes including a reduction in available nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), an essential molecule required for a number of vital cellular processes including DNA repair, immune signaling and epigenetic processing. In this study we quantified changes in [NAD(H)] and markers of inflammation and oxidative damage (F2-isoprostanes, 8-OHdG, total antioxidant capacity) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of healthy humans across a wide age range (24–91 years). CSF was collected from consenting patients who required a spinal tap for the administration of anesthetic. CSF of participants aged >45 years was found to contain increased levels of lipid peroxidation (F2-isoprostanes) (p = 0.04) and inflammation (IL-6) (p = 0.00) and decreased levels of both total antioxidant capacity (p = 0.00) and NAD(H) (p = 0.05), compared to their younger counterparts. A positive association was also observed between plasma [NAD(H)] and CSF NAD(H) levels (p = 0.03). Further analysis of the data identified a relationship between alcohol intake and CSF [NAD(H)] and markers of inflammation. The CSF of participants who consumed >1 standard drink of alcohol per day contained lower levels of NAD(H) compared to those who consumed no alcohol (p<0.05). An increase in CSF IL-6 was observed in participants who reported drinking >0–1 (p<0.05) and >1 (p<0.05) standard alcoholic drinks per day compared to those who did not drink alcohol. Taken together these data suggest a progressive age associated increase in oxidative damage, inflammation and reduced [NAD(H)] in the brain which may be exacerbated by alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Guest
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ross Grant
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Trevor A. Mori
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin D. Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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48
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Tohma H, El-Shafey AF, Croft K, Shavlakadze T, Grounds MD, Arthur PG. Protein thiol oxidation does not change in skeletal muscles of aging female mice. Biogerontology 2013; 15:87-98. [PMID: 24311290 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species is proposed to cause age related muscle wasting (sarcopenia). Reversible oxidation of protein thiols by reactive oxygen species can affect protein function, so we evaluated whether muscle wasting in normal aging was associated with a pervasive increase in reversible oxidation of protein thiols or with an increase in irreversible oxidative damage to macromolecules. In gastrocnemius muscles of C57BL/6J female mice aged 3, 15, 24, 27, and 29 months there was no age related increase in protein thiol oxidation. In contrast, there was a significant correlation (R (2) = 0.698) between increasing protein carbonylation, a measure of irreversible oxidative damage to proteins, and loss of mass of gastrocnemius muscles in aging female mice. In addition, there was an age-related increase in lipofuscin content, an aggregate of oxidised proteins and lipids, in quadriceps limb muscles in aging female mice. However, there was no evidence of an age-related increase in malondialdehyde or F2-isoprostanes levels, which are measures of oxidative damage to lipids, in gastrocnemius muscles. In summary, this study does not support the hypothesis that a pervasive increase in protein thiol oxidation is a contributing factor to sarcopenia. Instead, the data are consistent with an aging theory which proposes that molecular damage to macromolecules leads to the structural and functional disorders associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Tohma
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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49
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Shen Y, Ward NC, Hodgson JM, Puddey IB, Wang Y, Zhang D, Maghzal GJ, Stocker R, Croft KD. Dietary quercetin attenuates oxidant-induced endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice fed a high-fat diet: a critical role for heme oxygenase-1. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:908-915. [PMID: 24017971 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that quercetin, a polyphenol derived in the diet from fruit and vegetables, contributes to cardiovascular health. We aimed to investigate the effects of dietary quercetin on endothelial function and atherosclerosis in mice fed a high-fat diet. Wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) and apolipoprotein E gene knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice were fed: (i) a high-fat diet (HFD) or (ii) a HFD supplemented with 0.05% w/w quercetin (HFD+Q), for 14 weeks. Compared with animals fed HFD, HFD+Q attenuated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-/-) mice. Treatment with the HFD+Q significantly improved endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic rings isolated from WT but not ApoE(-/-) mice and attenuated hypochlorous acid-induced endothelial dysfunction in aortic rings of both WT and ApoE(-/-) mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that HFD+Q significantly improved plasma F2-isoprostanes, 24h urinary nitrite, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, and increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression in the aortas of both WT and ApoE(-/-) mice (P<0.05). HFD+Q also resulted in small changes in plasma cholesterol (P<0.05 in WT) and plasma triacylglycerols (P<0.05 in ApoE (-/-)mice). In a separate experiment, quercetin did not protect against hypochlorite-induced endothelial dysfunction in arteries obtained from heterozygous HO-1 gene knockout mice with low expression of HO-1 protein. Quercetin protects mice fed a HFD against oxidant-induced endothelial dysfunction and ApoE(-/-) mice against atherosclerosis. These effects are associated with improvements in nitric oxide bioavailability and are critically related to arterial induction of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- Medical School, Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Natalie C Ward
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ian B Puddey
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Yutang Wang
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences (Pathology) and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Di Zhang
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney Australia
| | - Ghassan J Maghzal
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences (Pathology) and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Optimized method for quantification of total F(2)-isoprostanes using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 90:161-6. [PMID: 24378611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
F2-isoprostanes are produced from the oxidative degradation of arachidonic acid and are considered the gold standard marker of lipid peroxidation in biological samples. We developed a liquid-liquid extraction method for the determination of total isoprostanes using negative chemical ionization gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in plasma and tissue homogenates. Incorporating liquid-liquid extraction allows for greater sample through-put than current approaches. Here we describe the protocol and include numerous trouble-shooting suggestions. The method found healthy individuals with 150-250 pg of isoprostanes per ml of plasma and end stage kidney disease patients to have the highest measured values of up to 1100 pg/ml. This assay has an accurate working linear range of 40-1000 pg of isoprostanes (100-2500 pg/ml) and an average coefficient of variance of 7%. Tissue values for healthy mice liver were 50-70 pg/μg protein. This method provides increased ion selectivity and detection capabilities with economical sample through-put.
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