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Kari S, Subramanian K, Altomonte IA, Murugesan A, Yli-Harja O, Kandhavelu M. Programmed cell death detection methods: a systematic review and a categorical comparison. Apoptosis 2022; 27:482-508. [PMID: 35713779 PMCID: PMC9308588 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death is considered a key player in a variety of cellular processes that helps to regulate tissue growth, embryogenesis, cell turnover, immune response, and other biological processes. Among different types of cell death, apoptosis has been studied widely, especially in the field of cancer research to understand and analyse cellular mechanisms, and signaling pathways that control cell cycle arrest. Hallmarks of different types of cell death have been identified by following the patterns and events through microscopy. Identified biomarkers have also supported drug development to induce cell death in cancerous cells. There are various serological and microscopic techniques with advantages and limitations, that are available and are being utilized to detect and study the mechanism of cell death. The complexity of the mechanism and difficulties in distinguishing among different types of programmed cell death make it challenging to carry out the interventions and delay its progression. In this review, mechanisms of different forms of programmed cell death along with their conventional and unconventional methods of detection of have been critically reviewed systematically and categorized on the basis of morphological hallmarks and biomarkers to understand the principle, mechanism, application, advantages and disadvantages of each method. Furthermore, a very comprehensive comparative analysis has been drawn to highlight the most efficient and effective methods of detection of programmed cell death, helping researchers to make a reliable and prudent selection among the available methods of cell death assay. Conclusively, how programmed cell death detection methods can be improved and can provide information about distinctive stages of cell death detection have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Kari
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kumar Subramanian
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilenia Agata Altomonte
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Akshaya Murugesan
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Biotechnology, Lady Doak College, Thallakulam, Madurai, 625002, India
| | - Olli Yli-Harja
- Institute for Systems Biology, 1441N 34th Street, Seattle, WA, USA.,Computational Systems Biology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Meenakshisundaram Kandhavelu
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Biotechnology, Lady Doak College, Thallakulam, Madurai, 625002, India.
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2
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Tian Y, Pan L, Miao J, Lei F, Xu R, Zhang X. The mechanism of apoptosis of Chlamys farreri hemocytes under benzopyrene stress in vitro. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148731. [PMID: 34217077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hemocytes are critical to the immune defense system of bivalves, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can mediate the immunity of bivalves by affecting the apoptosis of hemocytes. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Chlamys farreri, as an important economic bivalve, was selected as the research subject for this experimentation. The hemocytes were exposed to typical PAHs-benzopyrene (B[a]P) in vitro to explore the apoptosis mechanism through detecting oxidative stress and oxidative damage-related indicators, apoptosis pathway factors, and apoptosis rate within 24 h. The results showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) content in hemocytes increased significantly under B[a]P exposure, while antioxidant genes, glutathione peroxidase content and total antioxidant capacity all showed a trend of first rising and subsequent falling. B[a]P also caused serious damage to DNA and lysosomal membrane stability. The proapoptotic factors genes in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were significantly up-regulated, and the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 was significantly down-regulated. Besides, mitochondrial membrane potential stability was significantly reduced and caspase 9 enzyme activity was significantly improved with the B[a]P stimulation. The factors of death receptor pathway were also significantly up-regulated by B[a]P. Moreover, the expression levels of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases were also induced. The gene expression and enzyme activity of the caspase 3 and the apoptosis rate were significantly increased under B[a]P exposure. In conclusion, these results indicated that ROS was induced by B[a]P, and further triggered the oxidative stress and oxidative damage in hemocytes. B[a]P induced hemocyte apoptosis was mediated by both mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and death receptor apoptosis, and the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was affected by ROS. In addition, BPDE and MAPKs may play important roles in the B[a]P-mediated apoptosis pathway. This study deepens understanding of the apoptosis pathway and the immunotoxicity mechanism in bivalves hemocytes stimulated by persistent organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Fengjun Lei
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ruiyi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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3
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Sommariva S, Caviglia G, Ravera S, Frassoni F, Benvenuto F, Tortolina L, Castagnino N, Parodi S, Piana M. Computational quantification of global effects induced by mutations and drugs in signaling networks of colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19602. [PMID: 34599254 PMCID: PMC8486743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most deadly and commonly diagnosed tumors worldwide. Several genes are involved in its development and progression. The most frequent mutations concern APC, KRAS, SMAD4, and TP53 genes, suggesting that CRC relies on the concomitant alteration of the related pathways. However, with classic molecular approaches, it is not easy to simultaneously analyze the interconnections between these pathways. To overcome this limitation, recently these pathways have been included in a huge chemical reaction network (CRN) describing how information sensed from the environment by growth factors is processed by healthy colorectal cells. Starting from this CRN, we propose a computational model which simulates the effects induced by single or multiple concurrent mutations on the global signaling network. The model has been tested in three scenarios. First, we have quantified the changes induced on the concentration of the proteins of the network by a mutation in APC, KRAS, SMAD4, or TP53. Second, we have computed the changes in the concentration of p53 induced by up to two concurrent mutations affecting proteins upstreams in the network. Third, we have considered a mutated cell affected by a gain of function of KRAS, and we have simulated the action of Dabrafenib, showing that the proposed model can be used to determine the most effective amount of drug to be delivered to the cell. In general, the proposed approach displays several advantages, in that it allows to quantify the alteration in the concentration of the proteins resulting from a single or multiple given mutations. Moreover, simulations of the global signaling network of CRC may be used to identify new therapeutic targets, or to disclose unexpected interactions between the involved pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sommariva
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 35, 16146, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Caviglia
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 35, 16146, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Via De Toni 14, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Frassoni
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 35, 16146, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Benvenuto
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 35, 16146, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tortolina
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università di Genova, via Leon Battista Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Castagnino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università di Genova, via Leon Battista Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvio Parodi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università di Genova, via Leon Battista Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Piana
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 35, 16146, Genoa, Italy
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SRSF9 Regulates Cassette Exon Splicing of Caspase-2 by Interacting with Its Downstream Exon. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030679. [PMID: 33808656 PMCID: PMC8003524 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is an important posttranscriptional regulatory process. Damaged or unnecessary cells need to be removed though apoptosis to maintain physiological processes. Caspase-2 pre-mRNA produces pro-apoptotic long mRNA and anti-apoptotic short mRNA isoforms through AS. How AS of Caspase-2 is regulated remains unclear. In the present study, we identified a novel regulatory protein SRSF9 for AS of Caspase-2 cassette exon 9. Knock-down (KD) of SRSF9 increased inclusion of cassette exon and on the other hand, overexpression of SRSF9 decreased inclusion of this exon. Deletion mutagenesis demonstrated that exon 9, parts of intron 9, exon 8 and exon 10 were not required for the role of SRSF9 in Caspase-2 AS. However, deletion and substitution mutation analysis revealed that AGGAG sequence located at exon 10 provided functional target for SRSF9. In addition, RNA-pulldown mediated immunoblotting analysis showed that SRSF9 interacted with this sequence. Gene ontology analysis of RNA-seq from SRSF9 KD cells demonstrates that SRSF9 could regulate AS of a subset of apoptosis related genes. Collectively, our results reveal a basis for regulation of Caspase-2 AS.
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Krishnan V, Subramaniam S, Chia-Chuan C, Venkatachalam B, Thomas Cheeran A, Chi-Ying F H. Anticancer Activity of Leonurus sibiricus L.: Possible Involvement of Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:225-236. [PMID: 33432822 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1870702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the most common cause of mortality in men and women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the methanolic extract of aerial parts of Leonurus sibiricus L (LS) for its anticancer activity on HCC cell lines. Human HCC cell lines, Huh-7 and HSC-T6 were used for cytotoxicity assay, determination of ROS and gene expression analysis (p53, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9). Western blotting was used to assess ERK, AKT, and Caspase-3 activation. HPLC-MS analysis was also performed to determine the phytochemicals present in LS-M extract. LS-M extract has increased the expression of proapoptotic genes, including p53, Bax, and caspase-9 and down-regulated the activation of ERK and Akt. The caspase-3 activity as well as the ROS generation were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner compared to control. The carotenoids, lutein and beta carotene present in LS-M extract exhibited anticancer activity. In overall, the methanolic extract of LS induces apoptosis in Huh-7 as well as in HSC-T6 cells possibly involving a ROS-mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanth Krishnan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Selvakumar Subramaniam
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Balamurugan Venkatachalam
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amal Thomas Cheeran
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Huang Chi-Ying F
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Radwan MA, El-Gendy KS, Gad AF. Biomarker responses in terrestrial gastropods exposed to pollutants: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:127218. [PMID: 32497833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The chemical contamination of terrestrial ecosystems is a great concern as these ecosystems are the target of most of the pollutants derived from anthropogenic activities such as pesticides, heavy metals, nanoparticles, and others. Terrestrial gastropods are considered to be excellent sentinel organisms for biological monitoring of environmental pollution, as they have the ability to accumulate chemicals in their tissues and exhibit a great potential to evaluate the ecological effects of pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems. The use of biomarkers as sensitive parameters to estimate the exposure or resulting effects of chemicals have received considerable attention. The successful biomarker must be applicable in the laboratory and field conditions. Many biomarkers have been examined to understand the adverse effects of pollutants. In this review, we shed light on different types of biomarkers, such as oxidative stress, genotoxicity and immunotoxicity as diagnostic tools for monitoring the impacts of pollution. These biomarkers can provide information about early detection and quantification of these impacts during their initial manifestations and can facilitate the implementation of a rapid preventive and/or restorative responses in the affected ecosystems, as well as single or multiple biomarkers can be integrated into routine monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Radwan
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, El-Shatby, 21545, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - K S El-Gendy
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, El-Shatby, 21545, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A F Gad
- Department of Animal Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
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7
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Photoprotective Potential of the Natural Artocarpin against In Vitro UVB-Induced Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1042451. [PMID: 33014267 PMCID: PMC7520682 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1042451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, a well-known pattern of programmed cell death, occurs in multicellular organisms not only for controlling tissue homeostasis but also for getting rid of severely damaged cells in order to protect the redundant growth of abnormal cells undergoing cancerous cells. The epidermis of the human skin, composed largely of keratinocytes (KCs), is renewed continuously. Therefore, KCs apoptosis plays a critical role in the maintenance of epidermis structure and function. However, regulated cell death can be disturbed by environmental factors especially ultraviolet radiation (UV) B, leading to the formation of sunburn cells (KCs undergoing UVB-induced apoptosis) and impairing the skin integrity. In the present study, we firstly reported the potential of the natural artocarpin (NAR) to regulate UVB-induced human KCs apoptosis. The NAR showed antilipid peroxidation with an IC50 value of 18.2 ± 1.6 μg/mL, according to TBARS assay while the IC50 value of trolox, a well-known antioxidant, was 7.3 ± 0.8 μg/mL. For cell-based studies, KCs were pretreated with 3.1 μg/mL of the NAR for 24 hr and then exposed to UVB at 55 mJ/cm2. Our data indicated that the NAR pretreatment reduces UVB-induced oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and nitric oxide and therefore prevents reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species- (RNS-) mediated apoptosis. The NAR pretreatment has been shown also to reduce the UVB-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) lesions by absorbing UVB radiation and regulating the cell cycle phase. Additionally, the NAR pretreatment was found to modulate the expression of cleaved caspases-3 and 8 that trigger different signalling cascades leading to apoptosis. Thus, these results provide a basis for the investigation of the photoprotective effect of the NAR isolated from A. altilis heartwood and suggest that it can be potentially used as an agent against UVB-induced skin damages.
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8
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Vigneswara V, Ahmed Z. The Role of Caspase-2 in Regulating Cell Fate. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051259. [PMID: 32438737 PMCID: PMC7290664 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-2 is the most evolutionarily conserved member of the mammalian caspase family and has been implicated in both apoptotic and non-apoptotic signaling pathways, including tumor suppression, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair. A myriad of signaling molecules is associated with the tight regulation of caspase-2 to mediate multiple cellular processes far beyond apoptotic cell death. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature pertaining to possible sophisticated molecular mechanisms underlying the multifaceted process of caspase-2 activation and to highlight its interplay between factors that promote or suppress apoptosis in a complicated regulatory network that determines the fate of a cell from its birth and throughout its life.
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9
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Ünver Saraydin S, Saraydin D, Şahin İnan ZD. A study of digital image analysis on the acrylamide derivative monomers induced apoptosis in rat cerebrum. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:436-445. [PMID: 31916363 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, apoptosis is mostly evaluated visually in histological studies. By using the quantitative digital image analysis, this study aimed to investigate the effect of acrylamide-based monomers (acrylamide [AAm], methacrylamide [MAAm], N-isopropylacrylamide [NIPAm]) on the cerebrum tissues in rats, which are the most common water-soluble monomers in the production of polymeric hydrogels used as biomaterials. The Wistar albino rats weighing ~220-240 g were divided into control and three test groups. The control group received 1 mL of saline, and the test groups received 1 mL of aqueous 50 mg/kg/day intramuscular injection of AAm, MAAm, and NIPAm, respectively. At the end of the experiments, brain tissues of all rats euthanized by intramuscular injection of sodium pentobarbital were removed. Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) method was applied to brain tissue sections. The monomers have been shown to cause apoptosis due to oxidative stress in cerebrum tissue. Based on apoptosis by tunneling method, quantitative digital image analysis of cell fragments was performed with Olympus cellSens Dimension 1.15 software, and the number, total count area, selected area, average area, and ROI% values of the fragments were found. In addition, the total area and ROI% values of the fragments increased linearly with increasing the molar mass of monomers from the digital image analysis data. Quantitative digital image analysis can facilitate the monitoring of apoptosis caused by the oxidative stress of monomers used in the production of the biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serpil Ünver Saraydin
- Medicine Faculty, Histology & Embryology Department, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Dursun Saraydin
- Chemistry Department, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Science Faculty, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Deniz Şahin İnan
- Medicine Faculty, Histology & Embryology Department, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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10
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Fadeel B. Don't look back in anger: Lessons from cell death research. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:674-675. [PMID: 31761070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Mehrbod P, Ande SR, Alizadeh J, Rahimizadeh S, Shariati A, Malek H, Hashemi M, Glover KKM, Sher AA, Coombs KM, Ghavami S. The roles of apoptosis, autophagy and unfolded protein response in arbovirus, influenza virus, and HIV infections. Virulence 2019; 10:376-413. [PMID: 30966844 PMCID: PMC6527025 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1605803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infection induces different cellular responses in infected cells. These include cellular stress responses like autophagy and unfolded protein response (UPR). Both autophagy and UPR are connected to programed cell death I (apoptosis) in chronic stress conditions to regulate cellular homeostasis via Bcl2 family proteins, CHOP and Beclin-1. In this review article we first briefly discuss arboviruses, influenza virus, and HIV and then describe the concepts of apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR. Finally, we focus upon how apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR are involved in the regulation of cellular responses to arboviruses, influenza virus and HIV infections. Abbreviation: AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; ATF6: Activating Transcription Factor 6; ATG6: Autophagy-specific Gene 6; BAG3: BCL Associated Athanogene 3; Bak: BCL-2-Anatagonist/Killer1; Bax; BCL-2: Associated X protein; Bcl-2: B cell Lymphoma 2x; BiP: Chaperon immunoglobulin heavy chain binding Protein; CARD: Caspase Recruitment Domain; cART: combination Antiretroviral Therapy; CCR5: C-C Chemokine Receptor type 5; CD4: Cluster of Differentiation 4; CHOP: C/EBP homologous protein; CXCR4: C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 4; Cyto c: Cytochrome C; DCs: Dendritic Cells; EDEM1: ER-degradation enhancing-a-mannosidase-like protein 1; ENV: Envelope; ER: Endoplasmic Reticulum; FasR: Fas Receptor;G2: Gap 2; G2/M: Gap2/Mitosis; GFAP: Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; GP120: Glycoprotein120; GP41: Glycoprotein41; HAND: HIV Associated Neurodegenerative Disease; HEK: Human Embryonic Kidney; HeLa: Human Cervical Epithelial Carcinoma; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; IPS-1: IFN-β promoter stimulator 1; IRE-1: Inositol Requiring Enzyme 1; IRGM: Immunity Related GTPase Family M protein; LAMP2A: Lysosome Associated Membrane Protein 2A; LC3: Microtubule Associated Light Chain 3; MDA5: Melanoma Differentiation Associated gene 5; MEF: Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast; MMP: Mitochondrial Membrane Permeabilization; Nef: Negative Regulatory Factor; OASIS: Old Astrocyte Specifically Induced Substrate; PAMP: Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern; PERK: Pancreatic Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase; PRR: Pattern Recognition Receptor; Puma: P53 Upregulated Modulator of Apoptosis; RIG-I: Retinoic acid-Inducible Gene-I; Tat: Transactivator Protein of HIV; TLR: Toll-like receptor; ULK1: Unc51 Like Autophagy Activating Kinase 1; UPR: Unfolded Protein Response; Vpr: Viral Protein Regulatory; XBP1: X-Box Binding Protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Past eur Institute of IRAN, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sudharsana R. Ande
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Javad Alizadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children‘s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Shahrzad Rahimizadeh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Assiniboine Community College, School of Health and Human Services and Continuing Education, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Aryana Shariati
- Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hadis Malek
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Kathleen K. M. Glover
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Affan A. Sher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kevin M. Coombs
- Children‘s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children‘s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Health Policy Research Centre, Shiraz Medical University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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12
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Çıkla-Süzgün P, Küçükgüzel ŞG. Recent Advances in Apoptosis: THE Role of Hydrazones. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1427-1442. [PMID: 30968776 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190410125910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The process of programmed cell death in higher eukaryotes (apoptosis), is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics and energy-dependent biochemical mechanisms. Apoptosis is considered as a vital component of various processes including normal cell turnover, proper development and functioning of the immune system, hormone-dependent atrophy, embryonic development and chemical-induced cell death. Apoptosis seems to play an important key role in the progression of several human diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and many types of cancer. Promotion of apoptosis may be a good approach for the prevention of cancer cell proliferation. In early studies, antitumor compounds have been found to induce the apoptotic process in tumor cells. On the other hand, several hydrazones were reported to have lower toxicity than hydrazides due to the blockage of -NH2 group. Therefore, the design of hydrazones that activate and promote apoptosis is an attractive strategy for the discovery and development of potential anticancer agents. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of current knowledge and the connection between apoptosis and hydrazone. It is also the guide for the apoptotic activities of new hydrazone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Çıkla-Süzgün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydapaşa, 34668, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ş Güniz Küçükgüzel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydapaşa, 34668, İstanbul, Turkey
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13
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Xiang X, Gao T, Zhang BR, Jiang FL, Liu Y. Surface functional groups affect CdTe QDs behavior at mitochondrial level. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:1071-1080. [PMID: 30542601 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00160j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are used in the bio-medical area because of their excellent optical properties. Their biomedical utilization has remained a serious biosecurity concern. Cytotoxicity experiments have shown that QD toxicity is connected to the properties of the QDs. In this paper, the toxicity of QDs was studied from the aspect of surface functional groups at the mitochondrial level. Three types of ligands, thioglycollic acid (TGA), mercaptoethylamine (MEA) and l-cysteine (l-Cys), which have similar structures but different functional groups were used to coat CdTe QDs. The effects of the three types of CdTe QDs on mitochondria were then observed. The experimental results showed the three types of CdTe QDs could impair mitochondrial respiration, destroy membrane potential and induce mitochondrial swelling. Interestingly, MEA-CdTe QDs showed similar effects on membrane potential and mitochondrial swelling as did l-Cys-CdTe QDs, while TGA-CdTe QDs showed stronger effects than that of the two other QDs. Moreover, the three types of CdTe QDs showed significantly different effects on mitochondrial membrane fluidity. MEA-CdTe QDs decreased mitochondrial membrane fluidity, l-Cys-CdTe QDs showed no obvious influence on mitochondrial membrane fluidity and TGA-CdTe QDs increased mitochondrial membrane fluidity. The interaction mechanism of CdTe QDs on mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pores as well as Cd2+ release by CdTe QDs were checked to determine the reason for their different effects on mitochondria. The results showed that the impact of the three types of CdTe QDs on mitochondria was not only related to the released metal ion, but also to their interaction with MPT pore proteins. This work emphasizes the importance of surface functional groups in the behavior of CdTe QDs at the sub-cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Tao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Bo-Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-27-68756667.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430081 , PR China.,College of Chemistry and Material Science , Guangxi Teachers Education University , Nanning , 530001 , PR China
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An investigation onto the molecular structure of 5-chloro-3-(2-(4-ethylpiperazine-1-il)-2-oxoethyl)benzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-on drug molecule before and after atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Tang Y, Xie L, Chen L. iAPSL-IF: Identification of Apoptosis Protein Subcellular Location Using Integrative Features Captured from Amino Acid Sequences. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041190. [PMID: 29652843 PMCID: PMC5979326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis proteins (APs) control normal tissue homeostasis by regulating the balance between cell proliferation and death. The function of APs is strongly related to their subcellular location. To date, computational methods have been reported that reliably identify the subcellular location of APs, however, there is still room for improvement of the prediction accuracy. In this study, we developed a novel method named iAPSL-IF (identification of apoptosis protein subcellular location—integrative features), which is based on integrative features captured from Markov chains, physicochemical property matrices, and position-specific score matrices (PSSMs) of amino acid sequences. The matrices with different lengths were transformed into fixed-length feature vectors using an auto cross-covariance (ACC) method. An optimal subset of the features was chosen using a recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm method, and the sequences with these features were trained by a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Based on three datasets ZD98, CL317, and ZW225, the iAPSL-IF was examined using a jackknife cross-validation test. The resulting data showed that the iAPSL-IF outperformed the known predictors reported in the literature: its overall accuracy on the three datasets was 98.98% (ZD98), 94.95% (CL317), and 97.33% (ZW225), respectively; the Matthews correlation coefficient, sensitivity, and specificity for several classes of subcellular location proteins (e.g., membrane proteins, cytoplasmic proteins, endoplasmic reticulum proteins, nuclear proteins, and secreted proteins) in the datasets were 0.92–1.0, 94.23–100%, and 97.07–100%, respectively. Overall, the results of this study provide a high throughput and sequence-based method for better identification of the subcellular location of APs, and facilitates further understanding of programmed cell death in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Lu Xie
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Im E, Yeo C, Lee HJ, Lee EO. Dihydroartemisinin induced caspase-dependent apoptosis through inhibiting the specificity protein 1 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma SK-Hep-1 cells. Life Sci 2018; 192:286-292. [PMID: 29128513 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, well known for a safe and effective first-line antimalarial agent. This study investigated whether and how DHA induces apoptosis focusing on the specificity protein 1 (Sp1) pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SK-Hep-1 cells. MAIN METHODS The cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis was performed after PI staining by flow cytometry system. Apoptosis was confirmed by DAPI staining and by detecting cytoplasmic histone-associated-DNA-fragments using a cell death detection ELISAPLUS kit. The expression of proteins involved in apoptosis was evaluated by Western blot. The nuclear localization of Sp1 was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay. KEY FINDINGS DHA exerted potent cytotoxicity against HCC SK-Hep-1 cells compared with normal hepatocyte AML12 cells. The sub-G1 DNA content and apoptosis index were increased by DHA, which was accompanied by nuclei condensation and fragmentation. DHA activated caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). DHA-induced apoptotic cell death, activation of caspases and cleavage of PARP were dramatically inhibited by pan caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. DHA down-regulated protein expression and nuclear localization of Sp1, which in turn decreased Sp1 downstream target protein, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis. Decreased Sp1 protein expression by DHA was restored by proteasome inhibitor MG132. DHA led to a down-regulation of phospho-ERK, -p38 and -JNK without affecting their total forms. SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrate that DHA induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in HCC SK-Hep-1 cells by proteasome-dependent degradation of Sp1, which is involved in mitogen-activate protein kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Im
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Yeo
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ok Lee
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Abstract
Apoptosis is often deregulated in a number of human diseases. Heat-induced apoptosis is a model system for studying the consequences of protein misfolding and is mediated by the Bcl-2 family of proteins. This family consists of both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic members that control mitochondrial integrity. The BH3-only pro-apoptotic members are strong inducers of apoptotic cell death. Protein damaging stress can activate a process of cellular destruction known as apoptosis. The pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins and transcription factors activate this death pathway by inhibiting the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins eliminating cancer cells in a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Roufayel
- a Department of Science , American University of the Middle East , Egaila , Kuwait
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18
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Gordeziani M, Adamia G, Khatisashvili G, Gigolashvili G. Programmed cell self-liquidation (apoptosis). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aasci.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg H, Ouchida AT, Norberg E. The role of mitochondria in metabolism and cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:426-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Klöditz K, Chen YZ, Xue D, Fadeel B. Programmed cell clearance: From nematodes to humans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:491-497. [PMID: 27919685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell clearance is a highly regulated physiological process of elimination of dying cells that occurs rapidly and efficiently in healthy organisms. It thus ensures proper development as well as homeostasis. Recent studies have disclosed a considerable degree of conservation of cell clearance pathways between nematodes and higher organisms. The externalization of the anionic phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) has emerged as an important "eat-me" signal for phagocytes and its exposition on apoptotic cells is controlled by phospholipid translocases and scramblases. However, there is mounting evidence that PS exposure occurs not only in apoptosis, but may also be actively expressed on the surface of cells undergoing other forms of cell death including necrosis; PS is also expressed on the surface of engulfing cells. Additionally, PS may act as a "save-me" signal during axonal regeneration. Here we discuss mechanisms of PS exposure and its recognition by phagocytes as well as the consequences of PS signaling in nematodes and in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Klöditz
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yu-Zen Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Ding Xue
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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21
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Ivanova D, Zhelev Z, Aoki I, Bakalova R, Higashi T. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species - obligatory or not for induction of apoptosis by anticancer drugs. Chin J Cancer Res 2016; 28:383-96. [PMID: 27647966 PMCID: PMC5018533 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2016.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies demonstrate that conventional anticancer drugs elevate intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alter redox-homeostasis of cancer cells. It is widely accepted that anticancer effect of these chemotherapeutics is due to induction of oxidative stress and ROS-mediated apoptosis in cancer. On the other hand, the harmful side effects of conventional anticancer chemotherapy are also due to increased production of ROS and disruption of redox-homeostasis of normal cells and tissues. This article describes the mechanisms for triggering and modulation of apoptosis through ROS-dependent and ROS-independent pathways. We try to answer the question: "Is it possible to induce highly specific apoptosis only in cancer cells, without overproduction of ROS, as well as without harmful effects on normal cells and tissues?" The review also suggests a new therapeutic strategy for selective killing of cancer cells, without significant impact on viability of normal cells and tissues, by combining anticancer drugs with redox-modulators, affecting specific signaling pathways and avoiding oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donika Ivanova
- Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
| | - Zhivko Zhelev
- Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria; Institute of Biophysics & Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Ichio Aoki
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Rumiana Bakalova
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Medical Faculty, Sofia University, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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22
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Mansourian M, Marateb HR, Vaseghi G. The effect of extremely low-frequency magnetic field (50-60 Hz) exposure on spontaneous apoptosis: The results of a meta-analysis. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:141. [PMID: 27656610 PMCID: PMC5025908 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.187375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper is a meta-analysis of the published data from in vitro studies to evaluate whether spontaneous apoptosis might be influenced by extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MFs). MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive scientific literature search in electronic databases was conducted and studies covering the period 2000-2010 were selected. Then, published studies involving the desired topic were retrieved. The inclusion criteria were percentage of apoptosis in the cells exposed to 50-60 Hz ELF-MFs. The statistical analysis was performed by comprehensive meta-analysis version 2. RESULTS The summary measure of association (95% confidence interval) for all 18 effect estimated from 8 studies was 1.18 (1.15, 1.20). Heterogeneity among studies was found. There was no evidence of publication bias for the association between exposure to MF and apoptosis risk. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis provided conclusive data that ELF-MFs can increase apoptosis in cancer and normal cells. Furthermore, there is a possibly individual intensity and time range with maximum created effect according to window effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Mansourian
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Marateb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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23
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Abstract
Background: Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an essential physiological process that controls cell numbers during physiological processes, and eliminates abnormal cells that can potentially harm an organism. Objective: This review summarizes our current state of knowledge of apoptosis induction in skin by UV radiation. Methods: A review of the literature was undertaken focusing on cell death in the skin secondary to UV radiation. Results: It is evident that a number of apoptotic pathways, both intrinsic and extrinsic, are induced following exposure to damaging UV radiation. Conclusion: Although our understanding of the apoptotic processes is gradually increasing, many important aspects remain obscure. These include interconnections between pathways, wavelength-specific differences and cell type differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Chow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 4B1.19 Walter C Mackenzie Health Science Centre, University of Alberta, 8440-112th Street, Edmonton, AB, CanadaT6G 2B7
| | - Victor A. Tron
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 4B1.19 Walter C Mackenzie Health Science Centre, University of Alberta, 8440-112th Street, Edmonton, AB, CanadaT6G 2B7
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24
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Robles-Escajeda E, Das U, Ortega NM, Parra K, Francia G, Dimmock JR, Varela-Ramirez A, Aguilera RJ. A novel curcumin-like dienone induces apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 39:265-77. [PMID: 26920032 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women worldwide. In the USA ~12.3 % of all women are expected to be diagnosed with various types of breast cancer, exhibiting varying degrees of therapeutic response rates. Therefore, the identification of novel anti-breast cancer drugs is of paramount importance. METHODS The 1,5-diaryl-3-oxo-1,4-pentadienyl pharmacophore was incorporated into a number of cytotoxins. Three of the resulting dienones, 2a, 2b and 2c, were tested for their anti-neoplastic potencies in a variety of human breast cancer-derived cell lines, including the triple negative MDA-MB-231 cell line and its metastatic variant, using a live-cell bio-imaging method. Special emphasis was put on dienone 2c, since its anti-cancer activity and its mode of inflicting cell death have so far not been reported. RESULTS We found that all three dienones exhibited potent cytotoxicities towards the breast cancer-derived cell lines tested, whereas significantly lower toxicities were observed towards the non-cancerous human breast cell line MCF-10A. The dienones 2b and 2c exhibited the greatest selective cytotoxicity at submicromolar concentration levels. We found that these two dienones induced phosphatidylserine externalization in MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that their cytotoxic effect might be mediated by apoptosis. This possibility was confirmed by our observation that the dienone 2c can induce mitochondrial depolarization, caspase-3 activation, cell cycle disruption and DNA fragmentation in MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that dienone 2c uses the mitochondrial/intrinsic pathway to inflict apoptosis in triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer-derived cells. This observation warrants further assessment of dienone 2c as a potential anti-breast cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Robles-Escajeda
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968-0519, USA
| | - Umashankar Das
- Drug Discovery & Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy & Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Nora M Ortega
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968-0519, USA
| | - Karla Parra
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968-0519, USA
| | - Giulio Francia
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968-0519, USA
| | - Jonathan R Dimmock
- Drug Discovery & Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy & Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968-0519, USA.
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968-0519, USA.
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25
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Qian L, Zhang Y, Liu F. Purification and characterization of a ∼43 kDa antioxidant protein with antitumor activity from Pholiota nameko. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1044-1052. [PMID: 25827476 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pholiota nameko water-soluble protein (PNWSP), isolated from the dried fruiting bodies of Pholiota nameko, was purified by a successive chromatographic process using Q anion exchange column, SP cation exchange column and Superdex 200 gel filtration column. PNWSP was assessed for antioxidant activities in different assay systems, and the effect on cell proliferation of human breast cancer MCF7 cells was investigated. RESULTS Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation analysis revealed the homogeneity of PNWSP with apparent molecular weight of ∼43 kDa, and the identification was confirmed by peptide mass fingerprint analysis. It showed potential antioxidant activities in scavenging free radicals, reducing power and chelating effect on Fe(2+), and had a protective effect against DNA amage. Moreover, it inhibited the proliferation of MCF7 cells by inducing apoptosis, in which the change in cell cycle distribution and the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential were observed by flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that PNWSP could be a natural antioxidant and developed as a potential chemotherapeutic agent candidate against human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yeni Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Ganie SA, Dar TA, Bhat AH, Dar KB, Anees S, Zargar MA, Masood A. Melatonin: A Potential Anti-Oxidant Therapeutic Agent for Mitochondrial Dysfunctions and Related Disorders. Rejuvenation Res 2015; 19:21-40. [PMID: 26087000 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in cellular physiology. Besides their classic function of energy metabolism, mitochondria are involved in multiple cell functions, including energy distribution through the cell, energy/heat modulation, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium homeostasis, and control of apoptosis. Simultaneously, mitochondria are the main producer and target of ROS with the result that multiple mitochondrial diseases are related to ROS-induced mitochondrial injuries. Increased free radical generation, enhanced mitochondrial inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production, decreased respiratory complex activity, impaired electron transport system, and opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores have all been suggested as factors responsible for impaired mitochondrial function. Because of these, neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and aging, are caused by ROS-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions. Melatonin, the major hormone of the pineal gland, also acts as an anti-oxidant and as a regulator of mitochondrial bioenergetic function. Melatonin is selectively taken up by mitochondrial membranes, a function not shared by other anti-oxidants, and thus has emerged as a major potential therapeutic tool for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Multiple in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown the protective role of melatonin for preventing oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction seen in experimental models of PD, AD, and HD. With these functions in mind, this article reviews the protective role of melatonin with mechanistic insights against mitochondrial diseases and suggests new avenues for safe and effective treatment modalities against these devastating neurodegenerative diseases. Future insights are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar , India
| | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar , India
| | - Aashiq Hussain Bhat
- 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar , India
| | - Khalid B Dar
- 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar , India
| | - Suhail Anees
- 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar , India
| | | | - Akbar Masood
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar , India
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28
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Weng T, Poth JM, Karmouty-Quintana H, Garcia-Morales LJ, Melicoff E, Luo F, Chen NY, Evans CM, Bunge RR, Bruckner BA, Loebe M, Volcik KA, Eltzschig HK, Blackburn MR. Hypoxia-induced deoxycytidine kinase contributes to epithelial proliferation in pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 190:1402-12. [PMID: 25358054 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201404-0744oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a deadly lung disease with few therapeutic options. Apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells, followed by abnormal tissue repair characterized by hyperplastic epithelial cell formation, is a pathogenic process that contributes to the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. However, the signaling pathways responsible for increased proliferation of epithelial cells remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of deoxycytidine kinase (DCK), an important enzyme for the salvage of deoxynucleotides, in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS DCK expression was examined in the lungs of patients with IPF and mice exposed to bleomycin. The regulation of DCK expression by hypoxia was studied in vitro and the importance of DCK in experimental pulmonary fibrosis was examined using a DCK inhibitor and alveolar epithelial cell-specific knockout mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS DCK was elevated in hyperplastic alveolar epithelial cells of patients with IPF and in mice exposed to bleomycin. Increased DCK was localized to cells associated with hypoxia, and hypoxia directly induced DCK in alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. Hypoxia-induced DCK expression was abolished by silencing hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and treatment of bleomycin-exposed mice with a DCK inhibitor attenuated pulmonary fibrosis in association with decreased epithelial cell proliferation. Furthermore, DCK expression, and proliferation of epithelial cells and pulmonary fibrosis was attenuated in mice with conditional deletion of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in the alveolar epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the induction of DCK after hypoxia plays a role in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis by contributing to alveolar epithelial cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Weng
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas
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Cinnabar-induced subchronic renal injury is associated with increased apoptosis in rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:278931. [PMID: 25629042 PMCID: PMC4300031 DOI: 10.1155/2015/278931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the role of apoptosis in cinnabar-induced renal injury in rats. To test this role, rats were dosed orally with cinnabar (1 g/kg/day) for 8 weeks or 12 weeks, and the control rats were treated with 5% carboxymethylcellulose solution. Levels of urinary mercury (UHg), renal mercury (RHg), serum creatinine (SCr), and urine kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) were assessed, and renal pathology was analyzed. Apoptotic cells were identified and the apoptotic index was calculated. A rat antibody array was used to analyze expression of cytokines associated with apoptosis. Results from these analyses showed that UHg, RHg, and urine KIM-1, but not SCr, levels were significantly increased in cinnabar-treated rats. Renal pathological changes in cinnabar-treated rats included vacuolization of tubular cells, formation of protein casts, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and increase in the number of apoptotic tubular cells. In comparison to the control group, expression of FasL, Fas, TNF-α, TRAIL, activin A, and adiponectin was upregulated in the cinnabar-treated group. Collectively, our results suggest that prolonged use of cinnabar results in kidney damage due to accumulation of mercury and that the underlying mechanism involves apoptosis of tubular cells via a death receptor-mediated pathway.
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Ždralević M, Longo V, Guaragnella N, Giannattasio S, Timperio AM, Zolla L. Differential proteome–metabolome profiling of YCA1-knock-out and wild type cells reveals novel metabolic pathways and cellular processes dependent on the yeast metacaspase. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:1573-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00660g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A combined proteomic and metabolomic approach revealed new non-apoptotic roles of the metacaspaseYCA1gene inSaccharomyces cerevisiae, highlighting its involvement in the cell metabolism and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Ždralević
- CNR
- Istituto di Biomembrane e Bioenergetica
- 70126 Bari
- Italy
| | - Valentina Longo
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences
- University of Tuscia
- Largo dell'Università
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Maria Timperio
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences
- University of Tuscia
- Largo dell'Università
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences
- University of Tuscia
- Largo dell'Università
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
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Arya AK, Tripathi R, Kumar S, Tripathi K. Recent advances on the association of apoptosis in chronic non healing diabetic wound. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:756-62. [PMID: 25512778 PMCID: PMC4265862 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i6.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Generally, wounds are of two categories, such as chronic and acute. Chronic wounds takes time to heal when compared to the acute wounds. Chronic wounds include vasculitis, non healing ulcer, pyoderma gangrenosum, and diseases that cause ischemia. Chronic wounds are rapidly increasing among the elderly population with dysfunctional valves in their lower extremity deep veins, ulcer, neuropathic foot and pressure ulcers. The process of the healing of wounds has several steps with the involvement of immune cells and several other cell types. There are many evidences supporting the hypothesis that apoptosis of immune cells is involved in the wound healing process by ending inflammatory condition. It is also involved in the resolution of various phases of tissue repair. During final steps of wound healing most of the endothelial cells, macrophages and myofibroblasts undergo apoptosis or exit from the wound, leaving a mass that contains few cells and consists mostly of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins to provide strength to the healing tissue. This review discusses the various phases of wound healing both in the chronic and acute wounds especially during diabetes mellitus and thus support the hypothesis that the oxidative stress, apoptosis, connexins and other molecules involved in the regulation of chronic wound healing in diabetes mellitus and gives proper understanding of the mechanisms controlling apoptosis and tissue repair during diabetes and may eventually develop therapeutic modalities to fasten the healing process in diabetic patients.
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Wang J, Huang W, Wang C, Liu R. Dynamic process of phagocytosis and forms of macrophage cell death induced by ingestion of apoptotic neutrophils. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:1018-23. [PMID: 25216707 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Clearance of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages is important for both the successful resolution of acute inflammation and homeostasis. However, the dynamic process of phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages and the fate of macrophages after the ingestion of apoptotic neutrophils has not been well documented. In the present study, we staged the recognition and tethering, internalization, digestion and exocytosis steps of phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils. Furthermore, we found that after the ingestion of apoptotic cells, a subset of macrophages underwent cell death by autophagy, apoptosis or oncosis as revealed by transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy combined with specific dyes. The percentage of autophagic, apoptotic and oncotic macrophages were 8.00%±2.00%, 12.33%±2.08%, and 3.66%±1.50%, respectively. These results indicated that after ingestion of apoptotic neutrophils, a subset of macrophages undergoes autophagy and apoptosis. We propose that autophagy of macrophages after the ingestion of apoptotic cells may be a new mechanism present in the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Wang
- Department of Pulmonology, Anhui Geriatrics Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
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33
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Purification and characterization of a novel antitumor protein with antioxidant and deoxyribonuclease activity from edible mushroom Pholiota nameko. Biochimie 2014; 99:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Adisa RA, Olorunsogo OO. Robustaside B and para‑hydroxyphenol: phenolic and antioxidant compounds purified from Cnestis ferruginea D.C induced membrane permeability transition in rat liver mitochondria. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1493-8. [PMID: 24026541 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant properties of robustaside B and para‑hydroxyphenol isolated from Cnestis ferruginea were measured as the rate of inhibition of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) production in the Fe2+/ascorbate system. The modulatory effects of the compounds on mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT) were monitored spectrophotometrically as decreases in light scattering at 540 nm. The varying concentrations of robustaside B and para‑hydroxyphenol (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mM) significantly reduced (P<0.05) the amount of TBARS generated by the Fe2+/ascorbate system by 85.3, 86.4, 86.0, 86.1, 86.0, 86.0 and 86.0% and 86.7, 81.3, 81.3, 80, 80, 82.6 and 83.1%, respectively. Similarly, quercetin, a standard antioxidant, was found to induce an 80% reduction in the amount of TBARS produced. The same IC50 value of 0.025 mM was observed for robustaside B, para‑hydroxyphenol and quercetin. Pre‑incubation of varying concentrations of robustaside B (0.125, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mM) with succinate‑energized mitochondria induced MMPT pore opening by 0, ‑33.3, ‑59.3 and ‑218.5%, compared with control mitochondria. Para‑hydroxyphenol at 0.1, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.5 mM induced MMPT pore opening in a concentration‑dependent manner up to 0.25 mM by ‑21, ‑54.4 and ‑107.0%, respectively. Quercetin at 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mM also induced MMPT pore opening in the absence of calcium in a concentration‑dependent manner by 5, 3.7, ‑42.6, ‑81.5, ‑187 and ‑161.1%, respectively. The current observations confirm the antioxidant properties of robustaside B and para‑hydroxyphenol, and indicate a potential therapeutic use of the compounds for the treatment of diseases requiring the induction of cell death, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat A Adisa
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria
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35
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Weng T, Karmouty-Quintana H, Garcia-Morales LJ, Molina JG, Pedroza M, Bunge RR, Bruckner BA, Loebe M, Seethamraju H, Blackburn MR. Hypoxia-induced deoxycytidine kinase expression contributes to apoptosis in chronic lung disease. FASEB J 2013; 27:2013-26. [PMID: 23392349 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-222067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent inflammation and tissue remodeling and is a leading cause of death in the United States. Increased apoptosis of pulmonary epithelial cells is thought to play a role in COPD development and progression. Identification of signaling pathways resulting in increased apoptosis in COPD can be used in the development of novel therapeutic interventions. Deoxyadenosine (dAdo) is a DNA breakdown product that amplifies lymphocyte apoptosis by being phosphorylated to deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP). dAdo is maintained at low levels by adenosine deaminase (ADA). This study demonstrated that mice lacking ADA developed COPD manifestations in association with elevated dAdo and dATP levels and increased apoptosis in the lung. Deoxycitidine kinase (DCK), a major enzyme for dAdo phosphorylation, was up-regulated in mouse and human airway epithelial cells in association with air-space enlargement. Hypoxia was identified as a novel regulator of DCK, and inhibition of DCK resulted in diminished dAdo-mediated apoptosis in the lungs. Our results suggest that activating the dAdo-DCK-dATP pathway directly results in increased apoptosis in the lungs of mice with air-space enlargement and suggests a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas–Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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36
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ABE AKIHISA, KOKUBA HIROKO. Harmol induces autophagy and subsequent apoptosis in U251MG human glioma cells through the downregulation of survivin. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:1333-42. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
There are several well-established mechanisms involved in radiation-induced cell death in mammalian cell systems. The p53-mediated apoptotic pathway is the most widely recognized mechanism (Lowe et al. Nature 362:847-849, 1993), although apoptosis has long been considered a less relevant mechanism of radiation-induced cell death (Steel, Acta Oncol 40:968-975, 2001; Brown and Wouters, Cancer Res 59:1391-1399, 1999; Olive and Durand, Int J Radiat Biol 71:695-707, 1997). We and others have recently focused instead on the emerging links between radiation, apoptosis, and ceramide and showed that ceramide is a sphingolipid-derived second messenger capable of initiating apoptotic cascades in response to various stress stimuli, including radiation.Ceramide, the backbone of all sphingolipids, is synthesized by a family of ceramide synthases (CerS), each using acyl-CoAs of defined chain length for N-acylation of the sphingoid long-chain base. Six mammalian CerS homologs have been cloned that demonstrated high selectivity towards acyl-CoAs (Lahiri et al. FEBS Lett 581:5289-5294, 2007), and more recently, it was shown that their activity can be modulated by dimer formation (Mesicek et al. Cell Signal 22:1300-1307, 2010; Laviad et al. J Biol Chem 283:5677-5684, 2008).This de novo ceramide synthesis has been observed in irradiated cells through a pathway normally suppressed by ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) protein, a key component of the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks (Liao et al. J Biol Chem 274:17908-17917, 1999). ATM is not the sole factor known to affect apoptotic potential by modulating CerS activity. Recent work has also implicated protein kinase Cα (PKCα) as a potential CerS activator (Truman et al. Cancer Biol Ther 8:54-63, 2009).In this review, we summarize involvement of CerS in sphingolipid-mediated apoptosis in irradiated human prostate cancer cells and discuss future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Hajj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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38
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Wang K, Lin B. Pathophysiological Significance of Hepatic Apoptosis. ISRN HEPATOLOGY 2012; 2013:740149. [PMID: 27335822 PMCID: PMC4890876 DOI: 10.1155/2013/740149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a classical pathological feature in liver diseases caused by various etiological factors such as drugs, viruses, alcohol, and cholestasis. Hepatic apoptosis and its deleterious effects exacerbate liver function as well as involvement in fibrosis/cirrhosis and carcinogenesis. An imbalance between apoptotic and antiapoptotic capabilities is a prominent characteristic of liver injury. The regulation of apoptosis and antiapoptosis can be a pivotal step in the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Wang
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Bingliang Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Protective Effect of Silymarin against Acrolein-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:352091. [PMID: 23320028 PMCID: PMC3535759 DOI: 10.1155/2012/352091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehydes such as acrolein (ACR) are major components of environmental pollutants and have been implicated in the neurodegenerative and cardiac diseases. In this study, the protective effect of silymarin (SN) against cardiotoxicity induced by ACR in mice was evaluated. Studies were performed on seven groups of six animals each, including vehicle-control (normal saline + 0.5% w/v methylcellulose), ACR (7.5 mg/kg/day, gavage) for 3 weeks, SN (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) plus ACR, vitamin E (Vit E, 100 IU/kg, i.p.) plus ACR, and SN (100 mg/kg, i.p.) groups. Mice received SN 7 days before ACR and daily thereafter throughout the study. Pretreatment with SN attenuated ACR-induced increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), as well as histopathological changes in cardiac tissues. Moreover, SN improved glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in heart of ACR-treated mice. Western blot analysis showed that SN pretreatment inhibited apoptosis provoked by ACR through decreasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytosolic cytochrome c content, and cleaved caspase-3 level in heart. In conclusion, SN may have protective effects against cardiotoxicity of ACR by reducing lipid peroxidation, renewing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and preventing apoptosis.
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40
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Chen Y, Jiang S, Jin Y, Yin Y, Yu G, Lan X, Cui M, Liang Y, Wong BHC, Guo L, Sun H. Purification and characterization of an antitumor protein with deoxyribonuclease activity from edible mushroom Agrocybe aegerita. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1729-38. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Chen
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Jin
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Yalin Yin
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Guojun Yu
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Xianqing Lan
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Mingyao Cui
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Guangdong Medical College; Dongguan; P. R. China
| | | | - Lin Guo
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; Hubei Province; P. R. China
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41
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Haimovitz-Friedman A, Yang TIJ, Thin TH, Verheij M. Imaging Radiotherapy-Induced Apoptosis. Radiat Res 2012; 177:467-82. [DOI: 10.1667/rr2576.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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42
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Munoz AJ, Wanichthanarak K, Meza E, Petranovic D. Systems biology of yeast cell death. FEMS Yeast Res 2012; 12:249-65. [PMID: 22188402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2011.00781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) (including apoptosis) is an essential process, and many human diseases of high prevalence such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer are associated with deregulations in the cell death pathways. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a unicellular eukaryotic organism, shares with multicellular organisms (including humans) key components and regulators of the PCD machinery. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge about cell death networks, including the modeling approaches and experimental strategies commonly used to study yeast cell death. We argue that the systems biology approach will bring valuable contributions to our understanding of regulations and mechanisms of the complex cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Joyce Munoz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
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43
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Fujiwara Y, Lee JY, Tokumoto M, Satoh M. Cadmium Renal Toxicity via Apoptotic Pathways. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:1892-7. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b212014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Jin-Yong Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Maki Tokumoto
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | - Masahiko Satoh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
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S. choloroleuca, S. mirzayanii and S. santolinifolia protect PC12 cells from H(2)O (2)-induced apoptosis by blocking the intrinsic pathway. Cytotechnology 2011; 64:403-19. [PMID: 22209961 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that neuronal cell death due to apoptosis is the major reason for cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we report the anti-apoptotic effects of three Salvia species from Iran-S. choloroleuca, S. mirzayanii and S. santolinifolia-against H(2)O(2)-induced cytotoxicity in neuron-like PC12 cells. We showed that these antioxidant species could interfere with the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis by attenuating Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, decreasing outer mitochondrial membrane break and decreasing cytochrome c release to cytoplasm. Interestingly, we found that these species were able to replenish reduced glutathione level which affects cellular redox status and cytochrome c activity. Moreover, the decreased level of caspase-3, the executioner caspase, resulted in decrease of PARP-1 cleavage. Anti-apoptotic effects of these species along with their antioxidant effects, may represent a promising approach for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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45
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Ahn HJ, Kim KI, Kim G, Moon E, Yang SS, Lee JS. Atmospheric-pressure plasma jet induces apoptosis involving mitochondria via generation of free radicals. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28154. [PMID: 22140530 PMCID: PMC3226649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma jet has been proposed as a novel therapeutic method for anticancer treatment. However, its biological effects and mechanism of action remain elusive. Here, we investigated its cell death effects and underlying molecular mechanisms, using air and N₂ plasma jets from a micro nozzle array. Treatment with air or N₂ plasma jets caused apoptotic death in human cervical cancer HeLa cells, simultaneously with depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, the plasma jets were able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which function as surrogate apoptotic signals by targeting the mitochondrial membrane potential. Antioxidants or caspase inhibitors ameliorated the apoptotic cell death induced by the air and N₂ plasma jets, suggesting that the plasma jet may generate ROS as a proapoptotic cue, thus initiating mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest the potential employment of plasma jets as a novel therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Jun Ahn
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology and Department of Life Science, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyounggi-Do, Korea
| | - Kang Il Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyounggi-Do, Korea
| | - Geunyoung Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyounggi-Do, Korea
| | - Eunpyo Moon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology and Department of Life Science, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyounggi-Do, Korea
| | - Sang Sik Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyounggi-Do, Korea
- * E-mail: (JSL); (SSY)
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology and Department of Life Science, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyounggi-Do, Korea
- * E-mail: (JSL); (SSY)
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46
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Graf HL, Brueckner M, Troeger U, Hilbig H. Proliferation, apoptosis and expression of non-collagenous proteins: differences between the upper and the lower jaw bone in vitro. Cells Tissues Organs 2011; 195:244-51. [PMID: 21494024 DOI: 10.1159/000325156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the effects observed during several screening studies for osteocompatibility in vitro was that cells derived from the upper and lower jaw exhibited distinct differences regarding proliferation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine systematically whether a single osteoblast possesses abilities which are specific to the upper or lower jaw. Both human maxillary and mandibular bone samples without any clinical or radiographic evidence of pathology were obtained from 4 male donors aged between 40 and 45 years. Cells were cultured for up to 25 days to investigate in vitro development. Total and apoptotic cell numbers were estimated by image analysis. Cells were identified as bone-like cells using immunocytochemical determination of bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin expression. The number of healthy cells was significantly higher for cells of the lower jaw compared to those of the upper jaw. The number of apoptotic cells showed an inverse pattern. The expression pattern of osseo-inductive BSP correlated with the proliferation rate of the cells. The pattern of osteocalcin expression was related to the number of apoptotic cells. Our findings are new but were anticipated regarding the well-known differences in the healing process around implants in the lower jaw versus the upper jaw. Additionally, a relationship between our results and some diseases of the lower/upper jaw seems obvious. Future work on cell responses to biomaterials should define the origin of the cells more precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Ludwig Graf
- Department of Oral, Maxillary, Facial and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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47
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Spencer SL, Sorger PK. Measuring and modeling apoptosis in single cells. Cell 2011; 144:926-39. [PMID: 21414484 PMCID: PMC3087303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cell death plays an essential role in the development of tissues and organisms, the etiology of disease, and the responses of cells to therapeutic drugs. Here we review progress made over the last decade in using mathematical models and quantitative, often single-cell, data to study apoptosis. We discuss the delay that follows exposure of cells to prodeath stimuli, control of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, switch-like activation of effector caspases, and variability in the timing and probability of death from one cell to the next. Finally, we discuss challenges facing the fields of biochemical modeling and systems pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina L. Spencer
- Center for Cell Decision Processes, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter K. Sorger
- Center for Cell Decision Processes, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
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48
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Mohammad Seyedhassani S, Houshmand M, Mehdi Kalantar S, Aflatoonian A, Modabber G, Hashemi-Gorji F, Hadipour Z. BAX pro-apoptotic gene alterations in repeated pregnancy loss. Arch Med Sci 2011; 7:117-22. [PMID: 22291743 PMCID: PMC3258677 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2011.20614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a critical medical problem in about 0.5-2% of women. The molecular genetic background for spontaneous abortion is being increasingly understood, and some polymorphisms associated with it have been reported. This study investigates alterations of the Bax gene as a pro-apoptotic gene in women with idiopathic RPL. MATERIAL AND METHODS The frequency of mutations in the Bax gene of 67 idiopathic RPL women was studied in comparison to a sample of 70 healthy women. The promoter and the entire coding regions (exons 1-7) were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The purity of the PCR product was first verified by electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel. The amplified fragment was then sequenced by automated DNA sequencing. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was observed between patients and the control group regarding the frequency of alleles A(-179)G in the Bax promoter region (p= 0.013). Also among patients, G90C and G95A transitions were found in the coding region of exon 1 that change amino acid glutamine (Q) to histidine (H) and arginine (R) to lysine (K), respectively. A statistically significant association was observed between H allele (p = 0.0001) and K allele (p< 0.0001) and the occurrence of RPL. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate an association between A(-179)G mutation in the Bax promoter and RPL. Moreover, two polymorphisms, G90C and G95A in exon 1, found among our patients, could be considered as genetic factors making people susceptible to miscarriages. According to our findings, the Bax gene has an important role in pregnancy loss and the variations of this gene could help in the assessment of RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Seyedhassani
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institut of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Houshmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institut of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Kalantar
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Abbas Aflatoonian
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Glayol Modabber
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institut of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Feyzollah Hashemi-Gorji
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institut of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Onambele LA, Koth D, Czaplewska JA, Schubert US, Görls H, Yano S, Obata M, Gottschaldt M, Prokop A. Mitochondrial Mode of Action of a Thymidine-Based Cisplatin Analogue Breaks Resistance in Cancer Cells. Chemistry 2010; 16:14498-505. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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50
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Abstract
Apoptosis ligand 2 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL) belongs to a small subset of proapoptotic protein ligands in the TNF superfamily. This subset, which also includes Fas ligand and TNF-alpha, can activate the extrinsic apoptotic cell death pathway on binding to cognate death receptors at the cell surface. Over the past 10 years, Apo2L/TRAIL has emerged as a promising candidate for cancer therapy, on the basis of its unique ability to trigger apoptosis in various types of cancer cells without significant toxicity toward normal cells. Herein, we review key advances in understanding the molecular events that control apoptosis signaling by Apo2L/TRAIL, which may aid in the development of cancer therapies based on the extrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gonzalvez
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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