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Choleva E, Menounou L, Ntenekou D, Kastana P, Tzoupis Η, Katraki-Pavlou S, Drakopoulou M, Spyropoulos D, Andrikopoulou A, Kanellopoulou V, Enake MK, Beis D, Papadimitriou E. Targeting the interaction of pleiotrophin and VEGFA 165 with protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor zeta 1 inhibits endothelial cell activation and angiogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176692. [PMID: 38821164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor zeta 1 (PTPRZ1) is a transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase (TP) that serves as a receptor for pleiotrophin (PTN) and vascular endothelial growth factor A 165 (VEGFA165) to regulate endothelial cell migration. In the present work, we identify a PTN peptide fragment (PTN97-110) that inhibits the interaction of PTN and VEGFA165 with PTPRZ1 but not VEGF receptor 2. This peptide abolishes the stimulatory effect of PTN and VEGFA165 on endothelial cell migration, tube formation on Matrigel, and Akt activation in vitro. It also partially inhibits VEGFA165-induced VEGF receptor 2 activation but does not affect ERK1/2 activation and cell proliferation. In vivo, PTN97-110 inhibits or dysregulates angiogenesis in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane and the zebrafish assays, respectively. In glioblastoma cells in vitro, PTN97-110 abolishes the stimulatory effect of VEGFA165 on cell migration and inhibits their anchorage-independent growth, suggesting that this peptide might also be exploited in glioblastoma therapy. Finally, in silico and experimental evidence indicates that PTN and VEGFA165 bind to the extracellular fibronectin type-III (FNIII) domain to stimulate cell migration. Collectively, our data highlight novel aspects of the interaction of PTN and VEGFA165 with PTPRZ1, strengthen the notion that PTPRZ1 is required for VEGFA165-induced signaling, and identify a peptide that targets this interaction and can be exploited for the design of novel anti-angiogenic and anti-glioblastoma therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effrosyni Choleva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Lydia Menounou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Despoina Ntenekou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Kastana
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | | | - Stamatiki Katraki-Pavlou
- Zebrafish Disease Models Lab, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Drakopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Spyropoulos
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Anastasia Andrikopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Kanellopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Michaela-Karina Enake
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Zebrafish Disease Models Lab, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangelia Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece.
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Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a potent mitogenic cytokine with a high affinity for the polysaccharide glycosaminoglycan (GAG). Although it is most strongly associated with neural development during embryogenesis and the neonatal period, its expression has also been linked to a plethora of other physiological events including cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, bone development, and inflammation. A considerable amount of research has been carried out to understand the mechanisms by which PTN regulates these events. In particular, PTN has now been shown to bind a diverse collection of receptors including many GAG-containing proteoglycans. These interactions lead to the activation of many intracellular kinases and, ultimately, activation and transformation of cells. Structural studies of PTN in complex with both GAG and domains from its non-proteoglycan receptors reveal a binding mechanism that relies on electrostatic interactions and points to PTN-induced receptor oligomerization as one of the possible ways PTN uses to control cellular functions.
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Cordeiro CM, Hincke MT. Quantitative proteomics analysis of eggshell membrane proteins during chick embryonic development. J Proteomics 2016; 130:11-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lamprou M, Kaspiris A, Panagiotopoulos E, Giannoudis PV, Papadimitriou E. The role of pleiotrophin in bone repair. Injury 2014; 45:1816-23. [PMID: 25456495 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone has an enormous capacity for growth, regeneration, and remodelling, largely due to induction of osteoblasts that are recruited to the site of bone formation. Although the pathways involved have not been fully elucidated, it is well accepted that the immediate environment of the cells is likely to play a role via cell–matrix interactions, mediated by several growth factors. Formation of new blood vessels is also significant and interdependent to bone formation, suggesting that enhancement of angiogenesis could be beneficial during the process of bone repair. Pleiotrophin (PTN), also called osteoblast-specific factor 1, is a heparin-binding angiogenic growth factor, with a well-defined and significant role in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. In this review we summarise the existing evidence on the role of PTN in bone repair.
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Dos Santos C, Blanc C, Elahouel R, Prescott M, Carpentier G, Ori A, Courty J, Hamma-Kourbali Y, Fernig DG, Delbé J. Proliferation and migration activities of fibroblast growth factor-2 in endothelial cells are modulated by its direct interaction with heparin affin regulatory peptide. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt B:350-7. [PMID: 25315978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the physiological process involving the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. In normal or pathological angiogenesis, angiogenic growth factors activate cognate receptors on endothelial cells. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and heparin affin regulatory peptide (HARP) are two heparin-binding growth factors and were described for their pro-angiogenic properties on human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC). We now show that HARP acts as a mediator of FGF-2's stimulatory effects, since it is able to inhibit the proliferation and migration of HUVEC induced by FGF-2. We demonstrate by ELISA and optical biosensor binding assay that HARP and FGF-2 interact through direct binding. We have adapted a previously developed structural proteomics method for the identification of residues involved in protein-protein interactions. Application of this method showed that two sequences in HARP were involved in binding FGF-2. One was in the C-thrombospondin type 1 repeat (C-TSR-1) domain and the other in the C-terminal domain of HARP. The identification of these regions as mediating the binding of FGF-2 was confirmed by ELISA using synthetic peptides, which are as well mediators of FGF-2-induced proliferation, migration and tubes formation on HUVEC in vitro. These results imply that besides a regulation of the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of HUVEC by direct interaction of FGF-2 with its receptors, an alternative pathway exists involving its binding to growth factors such as HARP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Dos Santos
- Laboratoire CRRET, CNRS, Université Paris Est, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France.
| | - Charly Blanc
- IMRB INSERM, U955, Equipe 07, Faculté de Médecine, 8 rue du Général Sarrail, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Rania Elahouel
- Laboratoire CRRET, CNRS, Université Paris Est, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Mark Prescott
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Gilles Carpentier
- Laboratoire CRRET, CNRS, Université Paris Est, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - José Courty
- Laboratoire CRRET, CNRS, Université Paris Est, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Yamina Hamma-Kourbali
- Laboratoire CRRET, CNRS, Université Paris Est, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - David G Fernig
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jean Delbé
- Laboratoire CRRET, CNRS, Université Paris Est, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
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Koutsioumpa M, Polytarchou C, Courty J, Zhang Y, Kieffer N, Mikelis C, Skandalis SS, Hellman U, Iliopoulos D, Papadimitriou E. Interplay between αvβ3 integrin and nucleolin regulates human endothelial and glioma cell migration. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:343-54. [PMID: 23161541 PMCID: PMC3537032 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.387076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional protein nucleolin (NCL) is overexpressed on the surface of activated endothelial and tumor cells and mediates the stimulatory actions of several angiogenic growth factors, such as pleiotrophin (PTN). Because α(v)β(3) integrin is also required for PTN-induced cell migration, the aim of the present work was to study the interplay between NCL and α(v)β(3) by using biochemical, immunofluorescence, and proximity ligation assays in cells with genetically altered expression of the studied molecules. Interestingly, cell surface NCL localization was detected only in cells expressing α(v)β(3) and depended on the phosphorylation of β(3) at Tyr(773) through receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase β/ζ (RPTPβ/ζ) and c-Src activation. Downstream of α(v)β(3,) PI3K activity mediated this phenomenon and cell surface NCL was found to interact with both α(v)β(3) and RPTPβ/ζ. Positive correlation of cell surface NCL and α(v)β(3) expression was also observed in human glioblastoma tissue arrays, and inhibition of cell migration by cell surface NCL antagonists was observed only in cells expressing α(v)β(3). Collectively, these data suggest that both expression and β(3) integrin phosphorylation at Tyr(773) determine the cell surface localization of NCL downstream of the RPTPβ/ζ/c-Src signaling cascade and can be used as a biomarker for the use of cell surface NCL antagonists as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Koutsioumpa
- From the Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Polytarchou
- the Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- the Department of Immunobiology and Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - José Courty
- the Laboratoire CRRET, Universite Paris Est Creteil Val de Marne, avenue du General de Gaulle, 94010 Creteil Cedex
| | - Yue Zhang
- the Sino-French Research Centre for Life Sciences and Genomics, CNRS/LIA124, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University Medical School, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China, and
| | - Nelly Kieffer
- the Sino-French Research Centre for Life Sciences and Genomics, CNRS/LIA124, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University Medical School, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China, and
| | - Constantinos Mikelis
- From the Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Spyros S. Skandalis
- the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751-05, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hellman
- the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751-05, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- the Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- the Department of Immunobiology and Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Evangelia Papadimitriou
- From the Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Patras, Greece
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Sethi G, Pathak HB, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Einarson MB, Vathipadiekal V, Gunewardena S, Birrer MJ, Godwin AK. An RNA interference lethality screen of the human druggable genome to identify molecular vulnerabilities in epithelial ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47086. [PMID: 23056589 PMCID: PMC3467214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies have been used to combat many tumor types; however, few have effectively improved the overall survival in women with epithelial ovarian cancer, begging for a better understanding of this deadly disease and identification of essential drivers of tumorigenesis that can be targeted effectively. Therefore, we used a loss-of-function screening approach to help identify molecular vulnerabilities that may represent key points of therapeutic intervention. We employed an unbiased high-throughput lethality screen using a 24,088 siRNA library targeting over 6,000 druggable genes and studied their effects on growth and/or survival of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cell lines. The top 300 “hits” affecting the viability of A1847 cells were rescreened across additional EOC cell lines and non-tumorigenic, human immortalized ovarian epithelial cell lines. Fifty-three gene candidates were found to exhibit effects in all tumorigenic cell lines tested. Extensive validation of these hits refined the list to four high quality candidates (HSPA5, NDC80, NUF2, and PTN). Mechanistic studies show that silencing of three genes leads to increased apoptosis, while HSPA5 silencing appears to alter cell growth through G1 cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, two independent gene expression studies show that NDC80, NUF2 and PTN were significantly aberrantly overexpressed in serous adenocarcinomas. Overall, our functional genomics results integrated with the genomics data provide an important unbiased avenue towards the identification of prospective therapeutic targets for drug discovery, which is an urgent and unmet clinical need for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Sethi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Harsh B. Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Hong Zhang
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yan Zhou
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Margret B. Einarson
- Translational Core Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vinod Vathipadiekal
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Birrer
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mejdoubi-Charef N, Courty J, Sineriz F, Papy-Garcia D, Charef S. Heparin Affin Regulatory Peptide Modulates the Endogenous Anticoagulant Activity of Heparin and Heparan Sulphate Mimetics. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 111:296-302. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Najet Mejdoubi-Charef
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Cellulaire; Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Paris Sud-11; Chatenay-Malabry Cedex France
| | - José Courty
- Laboratoire de Recherches sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires CRRET EAC CNRS 7149; Université Paris Est; Créteil Cedex France
| | - Fernando Sineriz
- Laboratoire de Recherches sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires CRRET EAC CNRS 7149; Université Paris Est; Créteil Cedex France
| | - Dulce Papy-Garcia
- Laboratoire de Recherches sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires CRRET EAC CNRS 7149; Université Paris Est; Créteil Cedex France
| | - Said Charef
- Laboratoire de Recherches sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires CRRET EAC CNRS 7149; Université Paris Est; Créteil Cedex France
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Koutsioumpa M, Drosou G, Mikelis C, Theochari K, Vourtsis D, Katsoris P, Giannopoulou E, Courty J, Petrou C, Magafa V, Cordopatis P, Papadimitriou E. Pleiotrophin expression and role in physiological angiogenesis in vivo: potential involvement of nucleolin. Vasc Cell 2012; 4:4. [PMID: 22423616 PMCID: PMC3379939 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-4-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a heparin-binding growth factor with significant role(s) in tumour growth and angiogenesis. Although implication of endogenous PTN has been studied in several in vivo models of tumour angiogenesis, its role in physiological angiogenesis has not been addressed. In the present work, we studied expression and functional significance of endogenous PTN during angiogenesis in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Methods Using molecular, cellular and biochemical assays, we studied the expression pattern of PTN in CAM and human endothelial cells and its possible interaction with nucleolin (NCL). CAM cells were transfected with a pCDNA3.1 vector, empty (PC) or containing full length cDNA for PTN in antisense orientation (AS-PTN). Angiogenesis was estimated by measuring total vessel length. In vitro, human endothelial cells migration was studied by using a transwell assay, and down-regulation of NCL was performed by using a proper siRNA. Results Endogenous PTN mRNA and protein levels, as well as protein levels of its receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta (RPTPβ/ζ) were maximal at early stages, when CAM angiogenesis is active. Application of AS-PTN onto CAM at days of active angiogenesis was not toxic to the tissue and led to dose-dependent decreased expression of endogenous PTN, ERK1/2 activity and angiogenesis. Interestingly, endogenous PTN was also immunolocalized at the endothelial cell nucleus, possibly through interaction with NCL, a protein that has a significant role in the nuclear translocation of many proteins. Down-regulation of NCL by siRNA in human endothelial cells significantly decreased nuclear PTN, verifying this hypothesis. Moreover, it led to abolishment of PTN-induced endothelial cell migration, suggesting, for the first time, that PTN-NCL interaction has a functional significance. Conclusions Expression of endogenous PTN correlates with and seems to be involved in angiogenesis of the chicken embryo CAM. Our data suggest that NCL may have a role, increasing the number of growth factors whose angiogenic/tumorigenic activities are mediated by NCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Koutsioumpa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras GR 26504, Greece
| | - Georgia Drosou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras GR 26504, Greece
| | - Constantinos Mikelis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras GR 26504, Greece.,Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Building 30, Room 203, Bethesda, MD 20892-4340, USA
| | - Katerina Theochari
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras GR 26504, Greece
| | - Dionussios Vourtsis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras GR 26504, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsoris
- Division of Genetics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Efstathia Giannopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras GR 26504, Greece.,Clinical Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras Medical School, 26504 Rio, Greece
| | - Jose Courty
- Laboratoire CRRET, Université Paris Est Créteil, Val de Marne, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil, Cedex, France
| | - Christos Petrou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognocy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Magafa
- Laboratory of Pharmacognocy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Athens, Greece
| | - Paul Cordopatis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognocy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras GR 26504, Greece
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Mikelis C, Lamprou M, Koutsioumpa M, Koutsioubas AG, Spyranti Z, Zompra AA, Spiliopoulos N, Vradis AA, Katsoris P, Spyroulias GA, Cordopatis P, Courty J, Papadimitriou E. A peptide corresponding to the C-terminal region of pleiotrophin inhibits angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:1532-43. [PMID: 21344482 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a heparin-binding growth factor that plays a significant role in tumor growth and angiogenesis. We have previously shown that in order for PTN to induce migration of endothelial cells, binding to both α(ν) β(3) integrin and its receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta (RPTPβ/ζ) is required. In the present study we show that a synthetic peptide corresponding to the last 25 amino acids of the C-terminal region of PTN (PTN(112-136) ) inhibited angiogenesis in the in vivo chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and PTN-induced migration and tube formation of human endothelial cells in vitro. PTN(112-136) inhibited binding of PTN to α(ν) β(3) integrin, and as shown by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements, specifically interacted with the specificity loop of the extracellular domain of β(3) . Moreover, it abolished PTN-induced FAK Y397 phosphorylation, similarly to the effect of a neutralizing α(ν) β(3) -selective antibody. PTN(112-136) did not affect binding of PTN to RPTPβ/ζ in endothelial cells and induced β(3) Y773 phosphorylation and ERK1/2 activation to a similar extent with PTN. This effect was inhibited by down-regulation of RPTPβ/ζ by siRNA or by c-src inhibition, suggesting that PTN(112-136) may interact with RPTPβ/ζ. NMR spectroscopy studies showed that PTN(112-136) was characterized by conformational flexibility and absence of any element of secondary structure at room temperature, although the biologically active peptide segment 123-132 may adopt a defined structure at lower temperature. Collectively, our data suggest that although PTN(112-136) induces some of the signaling pathways triggered by PTN, it inhibits PTN-induced angiogenic activities through inhibition of PTN binding to α(ν) β(3) integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Mikelis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
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Lampropoulou E, Manioudaki M, Fousteris M, Koutsourea A, Nikolaropoulos S, Papadimitriou E. Pyrrolo[2,3-α]carbazole derivatives as topoisomerase I inhibitors that affect viability of glioma and endothelial cells in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2011; 65:142-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Diamantopoulou Z, Bermek O, Polykratis A, Hamma-Kourbali Y, Delbé J, Courty J, Katsoris P. A Pleiotrophin C-terminus peptide induces anti-cancer effects through RPTPβ/ζ. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:224. [PMID: 20738847 PMCID: PMC2936342 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleiotrophin, also known as HARP (Heparin Affin Regulatory Peptide) is a growth factor expressed in various tissues and cell lines. Pleiotrophin participates in multiple biological actions including the induction of cellular proliferation, migration and angiogenesis, and is involved in carcinogenesis. Recently, we identified and characterized several pleiotrophin proteolytic fragments with biological activities similar or opposite to that of pleiotrophin. Here, we investigated the biological actions of P(122-131), a synthetic peptide corresponding to the carboxy terminal region of this growth factor. RESULTS Our results show that P(122-131) inhibits in vitro adhesion, anchorage-independent proliferation, and migration of DU145 and LNCaP cells, which express pleiotrophin and its receptor RPTPβ/ζ. In addition, P(122-131) inhibits angiogenesis in vivo, as determined by the chicken embryo CAM assay. Investigation of the transduction mechanisms revealed that P(122-131) reduces the phosphorylation levels of Src, Pten, Fak, and Erk1/2. Finally, P(122-131) not only interacts with RPTPβ/ζ, but also interferes with other pleiotrophin receptors, as demonstrated by selective knockdown of pleiotrophin or RPTPβ/ζ expression with the RNAi technology. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results demonstrate that P(122-131) inhibits biological activities that are related to the induction of a transformed phenotype in PCa cells, by interacing with RPTPβ/ζ and interfering with other pleiotrophin receptors. Cumulatively, these results indicate that P(122-131) may be a potential anticancer agent, and they warrant further study of this peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Diamantopoulou
- Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Greece
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Polytarchou C, Hatziapostolou M, Poimenidi E, Mikelis C, Papadopoulou A, Parthymou A, Papadimitriou E. Nitric oxide stimulates migration of human endothelial and prostate cancer cells through up-regulation of pleiotrophin expression and its receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase β/ζ. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:1785-93. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Koutsioumpa M, Hatziapostolou M, Mikelis C, Koolwijk P, Papadimitriou E. Aprotinin stimulates angiogenesis and human endothelial cell migration through the growth factor pleiotrophin and its receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 602:245-9. [PMID: 19059395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pleiotrophin is an 18 kDa secreted polypeptide growth factor with direct pro-angiogenic and tumorigenic properties. Pleiotrophin is a substrate for proteolytic enzymes, such as plasmin, leading to proteolytic fragments with distinct activities on endothelial cell activation in vitro or angiogenesis in vivo. Aprotinin is a naturally occurring broad spectrum protease inhibitor, used widely in cardiac surgery due to its ability to inhibit plasmin and reduce perioperative bleeding. Since we have seen that aprotinin inhibits proteolysis of pleiotrophin by plasmin, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible role of pleiotrophin in the effects of aprotinin on angiogenesis and human endothelial cell migration. Our data demonstrate that aprotinin, in a concentration-dependent manner, is angiogenic in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay in vivo and induces human endothelial cell migration in vitro. Aprotinin inhibits pleiotrophin proteolysis and induces expression and secretion of pleiotrophin through an AP-1-dependent transcriptional activation of the pleiotrophin gene, and pleiotrophin seems to mediate the stimulatory effects of aprotinin on cell migration through its receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta. The stimulatory effect of aprotinin on pleiotrophin expression and cell migration may explain, at least partly, the problems observed with the clinical use of aprotinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Koutsioumpa
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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16
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Ducès A, Karaky R, Martel-Renoir D, Mir L, Hamma-Kourbali Y, Biéche I, Opolon P, Delbé J, Courty J, Perricaudet M, Griscelli F. 16-kDa fragment of pleiotrophin acts on endothelial and breast tumor cells and inhibits tumor development. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:2817-27. [PMID: 18790762 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a 136-amino acid secreted heparin-binding protein that is considered as a rate-limiting growth and an angiogenic factor in the onset, invasion, and metastatic process of many tumors. Its mitogenic and tumorigenic activities are mediated by the COOH-terminal residues 111 to 136 of PTN, allowing it to bind to cell surface tyrosine kinase-linked receptors. We investigated a new strategy consisting in evaluating the antitumor effect of a truncated PTN, lacking the COOH-terminal 111 to 136 portion of the molecule (PTNDelta111-136), which may act as a dominant-negative effector for its mitogenic, angiogenic, and tumorigenic activities by heterodimerizing with the wild-type protein. In vitro studies showed that PTNDelta111-136 selectively inhibited a PTN-dependent MDA-MB-231 breast tumor and endothelial cell proliferation and that, in MDA-MB-231 cells expressing PTNDelta111-136, the vascular endothelial growth factor-A and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha mRNA levels were significantly decreased by 59% and 71%, respectively, compared with levels in wild-type cells. In vivo, intramuscular electrotransfer of a plasmid encoding a secretable form of PTNDelta111-136 was shown to inhibit MDA-MB-231 tumor growth by 81%. This antitumor effect was associated with the detection of the PTNDelta111-136 molecule in the muscle and tumor extracts, the suppression of neovascularization within the tumors, and a decline in the Ki-67 proliferative index. Because PTN is rarely found in normal tissue, our data show that targeted PTN may represent an attractive and new therapeutic approach to the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Ducès
- INSERM U745, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris V, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
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17
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Mikelis C, Papadimitriou E. Heparin-binding protein pleiotrophin: an important player in the angiogenic process. Connect Tissue Res 2008; 49:149-52. [PMID: 18661331 DOI: 10.1080/03008200802148652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is a fundamental process in life, being also significantly important in several pathological situations. Pleiotrophin is a heparin-binding growth factor with pleiotrophic actions and significant role(s) in the formation of new blood vessels, being regulated by angiogenic stimuli and acting directly on endothelial cells. In this minireview, we summarize data on the regulation and mode of action of pleiotrophin and its involvement in physiological and tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Mikelis
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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18
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Mu P, Gao X, Jia ZJ, Zheng RL. Natural antioxidant pedicularioside G inhibits angiogenesis and tumourigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 102:30-4. [PMID: 17973903 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pedicularioside G is a new compound of phenylpropanoid glycosides, isolated from Pedicularis striata in our laboratory. Pedicularioside G inhibited two major angiogenic responses, human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation and migration, as well as neovascularization in a chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane model. In addition, pedicularioside G inhibited human hepatoma cells proliferation and migration in vitro along with transplanting tumour formation and growth in a chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane model. So pedicularioside G has anti-angiogenic, antitumour growth, antimetastatic and antitumoural effects. Pedicularioside G also remarkably reduced reactive oxygen species level in both vein endothelial cells and hepatoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that the anti-angiogenic and antitumoural effects of pedicularioside G might partially attribute to its antioxidative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Mu
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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19
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Dean RA, Butler GS, Hamma-Kourbali Y, Delbé J, Brigstock DR, Courty J, Overall CM. Identification of candidate angiogenic inhibitors processed by matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in cell-based proteomic screens: disruption of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/heparin affin regulatory peptide (pleiotrophin) and VEGF/Connective tissue growth factor angiogenic inhibitory complexes by MMP-2 proteolysis. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:8454-65. [PMID: 17908800 PMCID: PMC2169415 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00821-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) exert both pro- and antiangiogenic functions by the release of cytokines or proteolytically generated angiogenic inhibitors from extracellular matrix and basement membrane remodeling. In the Mmp2-/- mouse neovascularization is greatly reduced, but the mechanistic aspects of this remain unclear. Using isotope-coded affinity tag labeling of proteins analyzed by multidimensional liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry we explored proteome differences between Mmp2-/- cells and those rescued by MMP-2 transfection. Proteome signatures that are hallmarks of proteolysis revealed cleavage of many known MMP-2 substrates in the cellular context. Proteomic evidence of MMP-2 processing of novel substrates was found. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6, follistatin-like 1, and cystatin C protein cleavage by MMP-2 was biochemically confirmed, and the cleavage sites in heparin affin regulatory peptide (HARP; pleiotrophin) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were sequenced by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. MMP-2 processing of HARP and CTGF released vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from angiogenic inhibitory complexes. The cleaved HARP N-terminal domain increased HARP-induced cell proliferation, whereas the HARP C-terminal domain was antagonistic and decreased cell proliferation and migration. Hence the unmasking of cytokines, such as VEGF, by metalloproteinase processing of their binding proteins is a new mechanism in the control of cytokine activation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Dean
- University of British Columbia, Centre for Blood Research, 4.401 Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
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20
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Bermek O, Diamantopoulou Z, Polykratis A, Dos Santos C, Hamma-Kourbali Y, Burlina F, Delbé J, Chassaing G, Fernig DG, Katsoris P, Courty J. A basic peptide derived from the HARP C-terminus inhibits anchorage-independent growth of DU145 prostate cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:4041-50. [PMID: 17727841 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Revised: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Heparin affin regulatory peptide (HARP) is an 18 kDa heparin-binding protein that plays a key role in tumor growth. We showed previously that the synthetic peptide P(111-136) composed of the last 26 HARP amino acids inhibited HARP-induced mitogenesis. Here, to identify the exact molecular domain involved in HARP inhibition, we investigated the effect of the shorter basic peptide P(122-131) on DU145 cells, which express HARP and its receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta (RPTPbeta/zeta). P(122-131) was not cytotoxic; it dose-dependently inhibited anchorage-independent growth of DU145 cells. Binding studies using biotinylated P(122-131) indicated that this peptide interfered with HARP binding to DU145 cells. Investigation of the mechanisms involved suggested interference, under anchorage-independent conditions, of P(122-131) with a HARP autocrine loop in an RPTPbeta/zeta-dependent fashion. Thus, P(122-131) may hold potential for the treatment of disorders involving RPTPbeta/zeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oya Bermek
- Laboratoire de recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), CNRS UMR 7149, Université Paris 12, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
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21
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Loutrari H, Magkouta S, Pyriochou A, Koika V, Kolisis FN, Papapetropoulos A, Roussos C. Mastic Oil from Pistacia lentiscus var. chia Inhibits Growth and Survival of Human K562 Leukemia Cells and Attenuates Angiogenesis. Nutr Cancer 2006; 55:86-93. [PMID: 16965245 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc5501_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Mastic oil from Pistacia lentiscus var. chia, a natural plant extract traditionally used as a food additive, has been extensively studied for its antimicrobial activity attributed to the combination of its bioactive components. One of them, perillyl alcohol (POH), displays tumor chemopreventive, chemotherapeutic, and antiangiogenic properties. We investigated whether mastic oil would also suppress tumor cell growth and angiogenesis. We observed that mastic oil concentration and time dependently exerted an antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect on K562 human leukemia cells and inhibited the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from K562 and B16 mouse melanoma cells. Moreover, mastic oil caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of endothelial cell (EC) proliferation without affecting cell survival and a significant decrease of microvessel formation both in vitro and in vivo. Investigation of underlying mechanism(s) demonstrated that mastic oil reduced 1) in K562 cells the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2) known to control leukemia cell proliferation, survival, and VEGF secretion and 2) in EC the activation of RhoA, an essential regulator of neovessel organization. Overall, our results underscore that mastic oil, through its multiple effects on malignant cells and ECs, may be a useful natural dietary supplement for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleni Loutrari
- G.P. Livanos andM. Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, Department of Critical Careand Pulmonary Services, Medical School, University of Athens, 10675 Athens, Greece.
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22
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Blondet B, Carpentier G, Ferry A, Courty J. Exogenous Pleiotrophin Applied to Lesioned Nerve Impairs Muscle Reinnervation. Neurochem Res 2006; 31:907-13. [PMID: 16804756 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-006-9095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a heparin-binding growth factor involved in nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. After crush injury, PTN is found in distal nerve segments in several non-neural cell types, including Schwann cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells, but not in axons. To further clarify the role for PTN in nerve regeneration, we investigated the effects of PTN applied to lesioned peripheral nerve in vivo. PTN in a dose of 1 mg/kg impaired muscle reinnervation. Thus, gastrocnemius muscle failed to recover its contractile properties as assessed by in situ maximal isometric tetanic force. PTN also decreased non-neural cell densities and delayed macrophage recruitment in the distal crushed nerve. These results are discussed in the light of recent evidence that PTN is a multifunctional polypeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Blondet
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires, UMR CNRS, No 7149, Université Paris 12, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France.
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23
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Calvet L, Geoerger B, Regairaz M, Opolon P, Machet L, Morizet J, Joseph JM, Elie N, Vassal G. Pleiotrophin, a candidate gene for poor tumor vasculature and in vivo neuroblastoma sensitivity to irinotecan. Oncogene 2006; 25:3150-9. [PMID: 16501609 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In vivo neuroblastoma (NB) xenograft model, resistant to the DNA-topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan (CPT-11), has been established to study resistance mechanisms acquired in a therapeutic setting. Common mechanisms of resistance were not involved in this resistance. Thus, we compared the gene expression profiles of sensitive, resistant, and reverted tumors using cDNA expression arrays. Expression of selected transcripts was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. We found that pleiotrophin (PTN), a heparin-binding growth factor, was the only gene significantly affected: PTN gene expression was downregulated in all resistant tumors (8-14-fold) as compared to sensitive tumors, and was increased (2-4-fold) in all reverted tumors as compared to resistant tumors. PTN thus appeared to be a likely candidate gene associated with resistance to CPT-11 in this in vivo model. To investigate the direct implication of PTN in NB, we transfected two NB cell lines with RNA interferences in order to silence PTN. PTN failed to demonstrate implication in resistance to CPT-11 in vitro but could influence sensitivity to CPT-11 exclusively through an in vivo mechanism. Indeed, vasculature was significantly enhanced in resistant NB xenografts compared to sensitive and reverted xenografts, and we suggest that PTN is acting in our resistant in vivo NB model as an angiostatic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Calvet
- Pharmacology and New Treatments of Cancer: UPRES-EA, 3535 Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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24
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Clark DE, Lord EA, Suttie JM. Expression of VEGF and pleiotrophin in deer antler. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 288:1281-93. [PMID: 17054117 DOI: 10.1002/ar.a.20393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Deer antlers represent a unique model of mammalian regeneration in that they cast and fully regenerate every year. The deer antler thus provides a fascinating model of both rapid angiogenesis and chondrogenesis and the opportunity to investigate unique growth regulatory processes. One such phenomenon is the presence of vascularized cartilage in the growing antler tip-unlike other cartilage, which is typically avascular. The mechanisms by which blood vessels grow in the cartilage as well as the factors that drive antler extension at approximately 1 cm a day have been hitherto largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of VEGF and pleiotrophin within the growing antler tip. We isolated cervine VEGF121 and VEGF165 from deer antler and found that mRNA is produced for VEGF in the precartilage and cartilage regions. By in situ hybridization, we examined whether the VEGF receptors Flt-1 and KDR are present in deer antler and found only KDR mRNA within the endothelial cells of the precartilage region. This finding is compatible with VEGF having an angiogenic effect within antler. Pleiotrophin mRNA was found in the vascular smooth muscle cells of the dermis, thus supporting a possible role in vascular growth. High levels of pleiotrophin mRNA were also detected in the precartilage region with possible implications for both angiogenesis and chondrogenesis. This is the first report of cervine angiogenic growth factors within the growing antler tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn E Clark
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand.
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25
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Hatziapostolou M, Delbe J, Katsoris P, Polytarchou C, Courty J, Papadimitriou E. Heparin affin regulatory peptide is a key player in prostate cancer cell growth and angiogenicity. Prostate 2005; 65:151-8. [PMID: 15924335 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development and growth of human prostate cancer is mediated by many tumor cell-derived growth factors. Heparin affin regulatory peptide (HARP) seems to be involved in the progression of several tumors of diverse origin. In the present study, we sought to determine if HARP is implicated in human prostate cancer. METHODS An antisense strategy for inhibition of HARP expression in the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP was used to study the role of HARP on cancer cell growth, migration, and angiogenic potential in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Exogenous human recombinant HARP was mitogenic for LNCaP cells. By decreasing the expression of endogenous HARP, we found that HARP was essential for LNCaP cell migration, as well as anchorage-dependent and independent growth. Endothelial cell functions in vitro and blood vessel formation in vivo induced by LNCaP cells were also inhibited when HARP expression was diminished. CONCLUSIONS HARP seems to act as an important regulator of diverse biological activities in human prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hatziapostolou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Greece
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26
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Polytarchou C, Hatziapostolou M, Papadimitriou E. Hydrogen peroxide stimulates proliferation and migration of human prostate cancer cells through activation of activator protein-1 and up-regulation of the heparin affin regulatory peptide gene. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:40428-35. [PMID: 16199533 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m505120200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly recognized that hydrogen peroxide (HP) plays a role in cell proliferation and migration. In the present study we found that exogenous HP significantly induced human prostate cancer LNCaP cell proliferation and migration. Heparin affin regulatory peptide (HARP) seems to be involved in the stimulatory effect of HP, because the latter had no effect on stably transfected LNCaP cells that did not express HARP. Moreover, HP significantly increased HARP mRNA and protein amounts in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Curcumin and activator protein-1 (AP-1) decoy oligonucleotides abrogated both HP-induced HARP expression and LNCaP cell proliferation and migration. HP increased luciferase activity of the 5'-flanking region of the HARP gene introduced in a reporter gene vector, an effect that was abolished when even one of the two putative AP-1 binding sites of the HARP promoter was mutated. The effect of HP seems to be due to the binding of Fra-1, JunD, and phospho-c-Jun to the HARP promoter. These results support the notion that HARP is important for human prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration, establish the role of AP-1 in the up-regulation of HARP expression by low concentrations of HP, and characterize the AP-1 dimers involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Polytarchou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece
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27
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Blondet B, Carpentier G, Lafdil F, Courty J. Pleiotrophin cellular localization in nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. J Histochem Cytochem 2005; 53:971-7. [PMID: 16055750 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.4a6574.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a member of the family of heparin-binding growth factors that displays mitogenic activities and promotes neurite outgrowth in vitro. In vivo, PTN is widely expressed along pathways of developing axons during the late embryonic and early postnatal period. Although the level of PTN gene expression is very low during adulthood, activation of the gene may occur during recovery from injury and seems to play an important role in tissue regeneration processes. In this study, we investigated whether PTN was involved in the regenerative process of injured peripheral nerves. To refer localization of the fluorescent markers to myelinated axons, we developed a specific computer tool for colocalization of fluorescence images with phase contrast images. Immunohistochemical analysis showed PTN in different types of nonneural cells in distal nerve segments, including Schwann cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells, but not in axons. Schwann cells exhibited PTN immunoreactivity as early as 2 days after injury, whereas PTN-positive macrophages were found 1 week later. Strong PTN immunoreactivity was noted in endothelial cells at all time points. These findings support the idea that PTN participates in the adaptive response to peripheral nerve injury. A better understanding of its contribution may suggest new strategies for enhancing peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Blondet
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires FRE CNRS No 2412, Université Paris XII, Créteil, France.
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28
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Rouet V, Hamma-Kourbali Y, Petit E, Panagopoulou P, Katsoris P, Barritault D, Caruelle JP, Courty J. A synthetic glycosaminoglycan mimetic binds vascular endothelial growth factor and modulates angiogenesis. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:32792-800. [PMID: 16014624 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m504492200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we showed that in situ injection of glycosaminoglycan mimetics called RGTAs (ReGeneraTing Agents) enhanced neovascularization after skeletal muscular ischemia (Desgranges, P., Barbaud, C., Caruelle, J. P., Barritault, D., and Gautron, J. (1999) FASEB J. 13, 761-766). In the present study, we showed that the RGTA OTR4120 modulated angiogenesis in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay, in a dose-dependent manner. We therefore investigated the effect of OTR4120 on one of the most specific angiogenesis-regulating heparin-binding growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165). OTR4120 showed high affinity binding to VEGF165 (Kd = 2.2 nm), as compared with heparin (Kd = 15 nm), and potentiated the affinity of VEGF165 for VEGF receptor-1 and -2 and for neuropilin-1. In vitro, OTR4120 potentiated VEGF165-induced proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In the in vivo Matrigel plug angiogenesis assay, OTR4120 in a concentration as low as 3 ng/ml caused a 6-fold increase in VEGF165-induced angiogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining showed a larger number of well differentiated VEGFR-2-expressing-cells in Matrigel sections of OTR4120-treated plug than in control sections. These findings indicate that OTR4120 enhances the VEGF165-induced angiogenesis and therefore may hold promise for treating disorders characterized by deficient angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Rouet
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires UMR CNRS 7149, Université Paris XII-Val de Marne, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil CEDEX, France
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29
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Polykratis A, Katsoris P, Courty J, Papadimitriou E. Characterization of Heparin Affin Regulatory Peptide Signaling in Human Endothelial Cells. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:22454-61. [PMID: 15797857 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414407200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin affin regulatory peptide (HARP) is an 18-kDa secreted growth factor that has a high affinity for heparin and a potent role on tumor growth and angiogenesis. We have previously reported that HARP is mitogenic for different types of endothelial cells and also affects cell migration and differentiation (12). In this study we examined the signaling pathways involved in the migration and tube formation on matrigel of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) induced by HARP. We report for the first time that receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta (RPTPbeta/zeta), which is a receptor for HARP in neuronal cell types, is also expressed in HUVEC. We also document that HARP signaling through RPTPbeta/zeta leads to activation of Src kinase, focal adhesion kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and Erk1/2. Sodium orthovanadate, chondroitin sulfate-C, PP1, wortmannin, LY294002, and U0126 inhibit HARP-mediated signaling and HUVEC migration and tube formation. In addition, RPTPbeta/zeta suppression using small interfering RNA technology interrupts intracellular signals and HUVEC migration and tube formation induced by HARP. These results establish the role of RPTPbeta/zeta as a receptor of HARP in HUVEC and elucidate the HARP signaling pathway in endothelial cells.
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MESH Headings
- Blotting, Western
- CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase
- Carrier Proteins/chemistry
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen/pharmacology
- Cytokines/chemistry
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Combinations
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 1
- Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
- Humans
- Immunoprecipitation
- Laminin/pharmacology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Proteoglycans/pharmacology
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- src-Family Kinases
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Polykratis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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30
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Sun J, Wang DA, Jain RK, Carie A, Paquette S, Ennis E, Blaskovich MA, Baldini L, Coppola D, Hamilton AD, Sebti SM. Inhibiting angiogenesis and tumorigenesis by a synthetic molecule that blocks binding of both VEGF and PDGF to their receptors. Oncogene 2005; 24:4701-9. [PMID: 15897913 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis depends on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for initiation and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) for maintenance of blood vessels. We have designed a targeted library of compounds from which we identified a novel molecule, GFB-204, that binds PDGF and VEGF, blocks binding of PDGF and VEGF to their receptors (200-500 nM) and subsequently inhibits PDGFR and Flk-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and stimulation of the protein kinases Erk1, Erk2 and Akt and the signal transducer and activator of transcription STAT3. GFB-204 is selective for PDGF and VEGF and does not inhibit EGF, IGF-1 and FGF stimulation of Erk1/2, Akt and STAT3. GFB-204 inhibits endothelial cell migration and capillary network formation in vitro. Finally, treatment of mice with GFB-204 suppresses human tumor growth and angiogenesis. Thus, inhibition of VEGF and PDGF receptor binding with a synthetic molecule results in potent inhibition of angiogenesis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Sun
- Drug Discovery Program, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, MRC-DRDIS, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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31
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Polykratis A, Delbé J, Courty J, Papadimitriou E, Katsoris P. Identification of heparin affin regulatory peptide domains with potential role on angiogenesis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2004; 36:1954-66. [PMID: 15203110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2003] [Revised: 02/12/2004] [Accepted: 02/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Heparin affin regulatory peptide (HARP) is a growth factor displaying high affinity for heparin. It is present in the extracellular matrix of many tissues, interacting with heparan sulfate and dermatan/chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans. We have previously shown that HARP is implicated in the control of angiogenesis and its effects are mimicked, at least in part, by synthetic peptides that correspond to its N and C termini. In the present work, we show that HARP is cleaved by plasmin, leading to the production of five peptides that correspond to distinct domains of the molecule. Heparin, heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate, at various HARP to glycosaminoglycan ratios, partially protect HARP from plasmin degradation. The molecules with higher affinity to HARP are the more protective, heparin being the most efficient. The peptides that are produced from cleavage of HARP by plasmin, affect in vivo and in vitro angiogenesis and modulate the angiogenic activity of vascular endothelial growth factor on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Similar results were obtained in vitro with recombinant HARP peptides, identical to the peptides generated after treatment of HARP with plasmin. These results suggest that different regions of HARP may induce or inhibit angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Polykratis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, GR 26504, Greece
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32
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Sun J, Blaskovich MA, Jain RK, Delarue F, Paris D, Brem S, Wotoczek-Obadia M, Lin Q, Coppola D, Choi K, Mullan M, Hamilton AD, Sebti SM. Blocking angiogenesis and tumorigenesis with GFA-116, a synthetic molecule that inhibits binding of vascular endothelial growth factor to its receptor. Cancer Res 2004; 64:3586-92. [PMID: 15150116 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A small synthetic library of cyclohexapeptidomimetic calixarenes was prepared to identify disrupters of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to its receptor that inhibits angiogenesis. From this library, we discovered GFA-116, which potently inhibits (125)I-VEGF binding to Flk-1 in Flk-1-overexpressing NIH 3T3 cells and human prostate tumor cells with an IC(50) of 750 nM. This inhibition is highly selective for VEGF in that (125)I- platelet-derived growth factor binding to its receptor is not affected. GFA-116 inhibits VEGF-stimulated Flk-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequent activation of Erk1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor-dependent stimulation of Erk1/2 phosphorylation are not affected at concentrations as high as 10 microM. In vitro, GFA-116 inhibits angiogenesis as measured by inhibition of migration and formation of capillary-like structures by human endothelial cells as well as suppression of microvessel outgrowth in rat aortic rings and rat cornea angiogenesis. In vivo, GFA-116 (50 mpk/day) inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis as measured by CD31 staining of A-549 human lung tumors in nude mice. Furthermore, GFA-116 is also effective at inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis to the lung of B16-F10 melanoma cells injected into immunocompetent mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that a synthetic molecule capable of disrupting the binding of VEGF to its receptor selectively inhibits VEGF-dependent signaling and suppresses angiogenesis and tumorigenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Benzoates/pharmacology
- Brain/blood supply
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cornea/blood supply
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/growth & development
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/blood supply
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation
- Prostatic Neoplasms/blood supply
- Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Sun
- Drug Discovery Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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33
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Loutrari H, Hatziapostolou M, Skouridou V, Papadimitriou E, Roussos C, Kolisis FN, Papapetropoulos A. Perillyl alcohol is an angiogenesis inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 311:568-75. [PMID: 15210838 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.070516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant angiogenesis is essential for the progression of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Thus, antiangiogenic therapy is one of the most promising approaches to control cancer. In the present work, we examined the ability of perillyl alcohol (POH), a dietary monoterpene with well-established tumor chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity, to interfere with the process of angiogenesis. POH remarkably prevented new blood vessel growth in the in vivo chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay and proved to be effective in inhibiting the morphogenic differentiation of cultured endothelial cells into capillary-like networks both in collagen gel and Matrigel models. In addition, POH reduced the cell number in a proliferation assay and induced apoptosis of endothelial cells as indicated by the POH-mediated increase of caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation. Consistent with the observed antisurvival effect, POH treatment resulted in a significant inhibition of Akt phosphorylation in endothelial cells. Finally, POH was able to differentially modulate the release of two important angiogenic regulators: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin 2 (Ang2). POH decreased the release of VEGF from cancer cells but stimulated the expression of Ang2 by endothelial cells, indicating that it might suppress neovascularization and induce vessel regression. Overall, these data underscore the antiangiogenic potential of POH and suggest that POH, in addition to its anticancer activity, may be an effective agent in the treatment of angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleni Loutrari
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece 26504
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34
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Héroult M, Bernard-Pierrot I, Delbé J, Hamma-Kourbali Y, Katsoris P, Barritault D, Papadimitriou E, Plouet J, Courty J. Heparin affin regulatory peptide binds to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Oncogene 2004; 23:1745-53. [PMID: 15001987 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heparin affin regulatory peptide (HARP) is an heparin-binding molecule involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, we report that HARP inhibited the biological activity induced by the 165-amino-acid form of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Endothelial-cell proliferation induced by VEGF165 showed about 50% inhibition in the presence of HARP in a concentration of 3 nM. In similar range of concentrations, HARP blocked tube formation induced by VEGF165 in three-dimensional angiogenesis assay. In vivo studies showed that HARP inhibited the VEGF165-induced Matrigel trade mark infiltration of endothelial cells. We then investigated the mechanisms of this inhibition and shown that HARP inhibited the binding of 125I-VEGF165 to the VEGF receptors of endothelial cells. Additional studies using VEGF soluble receptors indicated that binding of 125I-VEGF165 to kinase insert domain-containing receptor and neuropilin receptor was inhibited by HARP, but conversely the binding of 125I-VEGF165 to fms-like tyrosine kinase I receptor was unaffected. A competitive affinity-binding assay demonstrated that HARP interacted directly with VEGF165 with a dissociation coefficient of 1.38 nM. Binding assay using deletion mutants of HARP revealed that the thrombospondin type-1 repeats domains were involved in this interaction. These data demonstrate for the first time that the angiogenic factor HARP can also negatively regulates the angiogenic activity of VEGF165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Héroult
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), FRE CNRS 2412, Université Paris XII-Val de Marne, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil, France
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35
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Liu JM, Lawrence F, Kovacevic M, Bignon J, Papadimitriou E, Lallemand JY, Katsoris P, Potier P, Fromes Y, Wdzieczak-Bakala J. The tetrapeptide AcSDKP, an inhibitor of primitive hematopoietic cell proliferation, induces angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Blood 2003; 101:3014-20. [PMID: 12480715 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-07-2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tetrapeptide acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro (AcSDKP), purified from bone marrow and constitutively synthesized in vivo, belongs to the family of negative regulators of hematopoiesis. It protects the stem cell compartment from the toxicity of anticancer drugs and irradiation and consequently contributes to a reduction in marrow failure. This current work provides experimental evidence for another novel biologic function of AcSDKP. We report that AcSDKP is a mediator of angiogenesis, as measured by its ability to modulate endothelial cell function in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. AcSDKP at nanomolar concentrations stimulates in vitro endothelial cell migration and differentiation into capillary-like structures on Matrigel as well as enhances the secretion of an active form of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). In vivo, AcSDKP promotes a significant angiogenic response in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and in the abdominal muscle of the rat. Moreover, it induces the formation of blood vessels in Matrigel plugs implanted subcutaneously in the rat. This is the first report demonstrating the ability of AcSDKP to interact directly with endothelial cells and to elicit an angiogenic response in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Miao Liu
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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36
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Giannopoulou E, Katsoris P, Kardamakis D, Papadimitriou E. Amifostine inhibits angiogenesis in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 304:729-37. [PMID: 12538828 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.102.042838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amifostine (WR-2721) is an inorganic thiophosphate-cytoprotective agent developed to selectively protect normal tissues against the toxicity of chemotherapy and radiation. We have previously shown that amifostine protects both chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) vessels and cells from the effects of X-rays. In the present work, we studied the effect of amifostine on angiogenesis in vivo, using the CAM model. Amifostine decreased the number of CAM vessels in a dose-dependent manner, without being toxic for the tissue. It also decreased the mRNA levels of both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms VEGF(165) and VEGF(190), 6 and up to 48 h after its application onto the CAM. Similarly, it decreased the mRNA levels of inducible nitric-oxide synthase, 24 and 48 h after drug application. Furthermore, amifostine decreased the deposited amounts of laminin and collagen I 24 h after its application, without affecting the expression of the corresponding genes. The protein amounts and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 were not affected, whereas the expression of the corresponding gene was decreased up to 48 h after drug application. Finally, the activity of plasmin was increased 6 h after amifostine application and remained increased at later time points. These findings suggest that amifostine alters the expression of several molecules implicated in the angiogenesis process and affects the composition of the extracellular matrix in a way that leads to inhibition of angiogenesis. Such an antiangiogenic action of amifostine, together with its radioprotective effects, further supports its use in combination with radiotherapy for increased therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia Giannopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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37
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Hatziapostolou M, Katsoris P, Papadimitriou E. Different inhibitors of plasmin differentially affect angiostatin production and angiogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 460:1-8. [PMID: 12535853 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02868-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Plasmin is a broad-spectrum serine proteinase, which is presumed to cleave many extracellular proteins and affect angiogenesis. In the present work, we studied the effect of two different inhibitors of plasmin (epsilon-aminocaproic and alpha(2)-antiplasmin) on angiogenesis in vivo using the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay, and in vitro using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Epsilon-aminocaproic acid inhibited, while alpha(2)-antiplasmin induced, angiogenesis, as well as human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation on matrigel in a dose-dependent manner. Since plasmin has been implicated in the production of angiostatin, we studied the effect of the two plasmin inhibitors on angiostatin protein amounts in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane. In this tissue, the 38- and 45-kDa isoforms of angiostatin are differentially affected by the two inhibitors: epsilon-aminocaproic acid increased, while alpha(2)-antiplasmin decreased the amounts of both isoforms. These data suggest that plasmin may have an antiangiogenic role in vivo through generation of angiostatin. Moreover, plasmin inhibitors differentially affect in vivo angiogenesis, depending on the mechanism by which they inhibit plasmin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hatziapostolou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras GR 26504, Greece
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38
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Tare RS, Oreffo ROC, Sato K, Rauvala H, Clarke NMP, Roach HI. Effects of targeted overexpression of pleiotrophin on postnatal bone development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 298:324-32. [PMID: 12413943 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is an extracellular matrix-associated growth/differentiation factor that, in post-natal life, is found mainly in bone and brain. Bone development was investigated in ptn-overexpressing mice between 1 and 30 weeks. In transgenics and controls, PTN (and its receptor syndecan-3) was synthesized by osteoblasts and was present in striated muscle. ptn over-expression enhanced intramembranous bone formation and had multiple effects on long-term bone growth. The pubertal growth spurt did not take place in transgenic mice, in which the growth trajectory was steady and continuous until 25 weeks. By 30 weeks, transgenic and control mice were of the same size, but the calcium content/mg bone was approximately 10% higher in the transgenics. PTN was also localized in growth plate and articular chondrocytes, but only in transgenic mice. In these, synthesis of type I collagen by articular chondrocytes was observed, as well as an encroachment of subchondral bone into the articular cartilage. The results suggest that PTN has multiple roles during in vivo bone formation and remodeling, probably acting as a co-factor or accessory protein that modulates the effects of primary signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Tare
- University Orthopaedics, Bone & Joint Research Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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39
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Tare RS, Oreffo ROC, Clarke NMP, Roach HI. Pleiotrophin/Osteoblast-stimulating factor 1: dissecting its diverse functions in bone formation. J Bone Miner Res 2002; 17:2009-20. [PMID: 12412809 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.11.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OSF-1, more commonly known as pleiotrophin (PTN) or heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM), belongs to a new family of secreted HB proteins, which are structurally unrelated to any other growth factor family. The aims of this study were to dissect the diverse functions of PTN in bone formation. The study showed that PTN was synthesized by osteoblasts at an early stage of osteogenic differentiation and was present at sites of new bone formation, where PTN was stored in the new bone matrix. Low concentrations (10 pg/ml) of PTN stimulated osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow cells and had a modest effect on their proliferation, whereas higher concentrations (ng/ml) had no effect. However, PTN did not have the osteoinductive potential of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) because it failed to convert C2C12 cells, a premyoblastic cell line, to the osteogenic phenotype, whereas recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) was able to do so. When PTN was present together with rhBMP-2 during the osteoinductive phase, PTN inhibited the BMP-mediated osteoinduction in C2C12 cells at concentrations between 0.05 pg/ml and 100 ng/ml. However, when added after osteoinduction had been achieved, PTN enhanced further osteogenic differentiation. An unusual effect of PTN (50 ng/ml) was the induction of type I collagen synthesis by chondrocytes in organ cultures of chick nasal cartilage and rat growth plates. Thus, PTN had multiple effects on bone formation and the effects were dependent on the concentration of PTN and the timing of its presence. To explain these multiple effects, we propose that PTN is an accessory signaling molecule, which is involved in a variety of processes in bone formation. PTN enhances or inhibits primary responses depending on the prevailing concentrations, the primary stimulus, and the availability of appropriate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Tare
- University Orthopaedics, Bone and Joint Research Group, University of Southampton, General Hospital, United Kingdom
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40
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Tan K, Duquette M, Liu JH, Dong Y, Zhang R, Joachimiak A, Lawler J, Wang JH. Crystal structure of the TSP-1 type 1 repeats: a novel layered fold and its biological implication. J Cell Biol 2002; 159:373-82. [PMID: 12391027 PMCID: PMC2173040 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200206062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) contains three type 1 repeats (TSRs), which mediate cell attachment, glycosaminoglycan binding, inhibition of angiogenesis, activation of TGFbeta, and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases. The crystal structure of the TSRs reported in this article reveals a novel, antiparallel, three-stranded fold that consists of alternating stacked layers of tryptophan and arginine residues from respective strands, capped by disulfide bonds on each end. The front face of the TSR contains a right-handed spiral, positively charged groove that might be the "recognition" face, mediating interactions with various ligands. This is the first high-resolution crystal structure of a TSR domain that provides a prototypic architecture for structural and functional exploration of the diverse members of the TSR superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Tan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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41
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Giannopoulou E, Katsoris P, Polytarchou C, Papadimitriou E. Nitration of cytoskeletal proteins in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002; 400:188-98. [PMID: 12054429 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine nitration is one of the post-translational modifications that alter the biological function of proteins. Two important mechanisms are involved: peroxynitrite formation and myeloperoxidase or eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity. In the present work we studied the nitration of proteins in the in vivo system of chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). 3-Nitrotyrosine was detected only in the insoluble fraction of the CAM homogenate. By immunoprecipitation, Western blot analysis, and double immunofluorescence, we identified two major polypeptides that were nitrated: actin and alpha-tubulin. Quantification of actin and alpha-tubulin nitration revealed that they are differentially nitrated during normal development of the chicken embryo CAM. After irradiation, although they were both increased, they required different time periods to return to the physiological levels of nitration. It seems that both peroxynitrite formation and EPO activity are involved in the in vivo tyrosine nitration of cytoskeletal proteins. These data suggest that tyrosine nitration of cytoskeletal proteins has a physiological role in vivo, which depends on the protein involved and is differentially regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Giannopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, GR26504, Greece
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