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Wang Y, Wu J, Wang D, Yang R, Liu Q. Traditional Chinese Medicine Targeting Heat Shock Proteins as Therapeutic Strategy for Heart Failure. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:814243. [PMID: 35115946 PMCID: PMC8804377 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.814243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the terminal stage of multifarious heart diseases and is responsible for high hospitalization rates and mortality. Pathophysiological mechanisms of HF include cardiac hypertrophy, remodeling and fibrosis resulting from cell death, inflammation and oxidative stress. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) can ameliorate folding of proteins, maintain protein structure and stability upon stress, protect the heart from cardiac dysfunction and ameliorate apoptosis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) regulates expression of HSPs and has beneficial therapeutic effect in HF. In this review, we summarized the function of HSPs in HF and the role of TCM in regulating expression of HSPs. Studying the regulation of HSPs by TCM will provide novel ideas for the study of the mechanism and treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Wang
- Shenyang the Tenth People’s Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Junxuan Wu
- Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Liu, ; Dawei Wang, ; Rongyuan Yang,
| | - Rongyuan Yang
- The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine-Zhuhai Hospital, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Liu, ; Dawei Wang, ; Rongyuan Yang,
| | - Qing Liu
- The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine-Zhuhai Hospital, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Liu, ; Dawei Wang, ; Rongyuan Yang,
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2
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Pluijmert NJ, Atsma DE, Quax PHA. Post-ischemic Myocardial Inflammatory Response: A Complex and Dynamic Process Susceptible to Immunomodulatory Therapies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:647785. [PMID: 33996944 PMCID: PMC8113407 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.647785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Following acute occlusion of a coronary artery causing myocardial ischemia and implementing first-line treatment involving rapid reperfusion, a dynamic and balanced inflammatory response is initiated to repair and remove damaged cells. Paradoxically, restoration of myocardial blood flow exacerbates cell damage as a result of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI-R) injury, which eventually provokes accelerated apoptosis. In the end, the infarct size still corresponds to the subsequent risk of developing heart failure. Therefore, true understanding of the mechanisms regarding MI-R injury, and its contribution to cell damage and cell death, are of the utmost importance in the search for successful therapeutic interventions to finally prevent the onset of heart failure. This review focuses on the role of innate immunity, chemokines, cytokines, and inflammatory cells in all three overlapping phases following experimental, mainly murine, MI-R injury known as the inflammatory, reparative, and maturation phase. It provides a complete state-of-the-art overview including most current research of all post-ischemic processes and phases and additionally summarizes the use of immunomodulatory therapies translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek J Pluijmert
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Douwe E Atsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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3
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Budhram-Mahadeo VS, Solomons MR, Mahadeo-Heads EAO. Linking metabolic dysfunction with cardiovascular diseases: Brn-3b/POU4F2 transcription factor in cardiometabolic tissues in health and disease. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:267. [PMID: 33712567 PMCID: PMC7955040 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic and cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent and chronic conditions that are closely linked by complex molecular and pathological changes. Such adverse effects often arise from changes in the expression of genes that control essential cellular functions, but the factors that drive such effects are not fully understood. Since tissue-specific transcription factors control the expression of multiple genes, which affect cell fate under different conditions, then identifying such regulators can provide valuable insight into the molecular basis of such diseases. This review explores emerging evidence that supports novel and important roles for the POU4F2/Brn-3b transcription factor (TF) in controlling cellular genes that regulate cardiometabolic function. Brn-3b is expressed in insulin-responsive metabolic tissues (e.g. skeletal muscle and adipose tissue) and is important for normal function because constitutive Brn-3b-knockout (KO) mice develop profound metabolic dysfunction (hyperglycaemia; insulin resistance). Brn-3b is highly expressed in the developing hearts, with lower levels in adult hearts. However, Brn-3b is re-expressed in adult cardiomyocytes following haemodynamic stress or injury and is necessary for adaptive cardiac responses, particularly in male hearts, because male Brn-3b KO mice develop adverse remodelling and reduced cardiac function. As a TF, Brn-3b regulates the expression of multiple target genes, including GLUT4, GSK3β, sonic hedgehog (SHH), cyclin D1 and CDK4, which have known functions in controlling metabolic processes but also participate in cardiac responses to stress or injury. Therefore, loss of Brn-3b and the resultant alterations in the expression of such genes could potentially provide the link between metabolic dysfunctions with adverse cardiovascular responses, which is seen in Brn-3b KO mutants. Since the loss of Brn-3b is associated with obesity, type II diabetes (T2DM) and altered cardiac responses to stress, this regulator may provide a new and important link for understanding how pathological changes arise in such endemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwanie S Budhram-Mahadeo
- Molecular Biology Development and Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Matthew R Solomons
- Molecular Biology Development and Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eeshan A O Mahadeo-Heads
- Molecular Biology Development and Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK
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De Villiers C, Riley PR. Mouse models of myocardial infarction: comparing permanent ligation and ischaemia-reperfusion. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:13/11/dmm046565. [PMID: 33361140 PMCID: PMC7687859 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a disease of major consequence in the modern world, causing permanent, irreversible damage to the heart. Survivors are at risk for developing further cardiovascular pathologies such as heart failure. Further study of MI injury is crucial to improve the understanding and treatment of the post-MI heart. The most commonly used model for MI in vivo is surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). There are two predominant approaches: permanent ligation (PL), where the LAD is permanently occluded with a suture, or ischaemia-reperfusion (IR), where the LAD is temporarily occluded before removing the suture to restore blood flow and tissue reperfusion. PL results in the majority of the area at risk becoming infarcted, leading to significant apoptotic cell death and a large scar. Conversely, IR salvages some of the area at risk; thus, the scar is smaller and includes reperfusion injury, an additional, albeit smaller, second wave of necrotic damage. PL may be a more appropriate model choice for studies of heart tissue injury and wound healing, owing to the larger, more consistent infarcts, while IR enables the study of reperfusion injury. Both are clinically relevant, and the choice of model depends upon the precise pre-clinical research questions to be addressed. Summary: Permanent ligation and ischaemia-reperfusion are common models for studying myocardial infarction. Here, we summarise the differences between them and outline the strengths of each in addressing distinct questions related to the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla De Villiers
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.,British Heart Foundation Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK .,British Heart Foundation Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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Krishnan-Sivadoss I, Mijares-Rojas IA, Villarreal-Leal RA, Torre-Amione G, Knowlton AA, Guerrero-Beltrán CE. Heat shock protein 60 and cardiovascular diseases: An intricate love-hate story. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:29-71. [PMID: 32808366 PMCID: PMC9290735 DOI: 10.1002/med.21723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the result of complex pathophysiological processes in the tissues comprising the heart and blood vessels. Inflammation is the main culprit for the development of cardiovascular dysfunction, and it may be traced to cellular stress events including apoptosis, oxidative and shear stress, and cellular and humoral immune responses, all of which impair the system's structure and function. An intracellular chaperone, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is an intriguing example of a protein that may both be an ally and a foe for cardiovascular homeostasis; on one hand providing protection against cellular injury, and on the other triggering damaging responses through innate and adaptive immunity. In this review we will discuss the functions of HSP60 and its effects on cells and the immune system regulation, only to later address its implications in the development and progression of CVD. Lastly, we summarize the outcome of various studies targeting HSP60 as a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indumathi Krishnan-Sivadoss
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Iván A Mijares-Rojas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Ramiro A Villarreal-Leal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Guillermo Torre-Amione
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.,Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Anne A Knowlton
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, University of California, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - C Enrique Guerrero-Beltrán
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México
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6
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Traxler D, Zimmermann M, Simader E, Veraar CM, Moser B, Mueller T, Mildner M, Dannenberg V, Lainscak M, Jug B, Ankersmit HJ. The inflammatory markers sST2, HSP27 and hsCRP as a prognostic biomarker panel in chronic heart failure patients. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:507-514. [PMID: 32735982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory markers sST2, HSP27 and hsCRP have already been identified as prognostic markers in chronic heart failure (HF). Though individual biomarkers have proven their value in mortality risk prediction, the role of a multimarker strategy needs further evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is an exploratory reanalysis in chronic HF patients. Plasma HSP27, sST2 and hsCRP in outpatients with chronic HF were analysed. Patients were followed for a minimum of twelve months for the endpoint cardiovascular mortality and unplanned HF associated hospitalisation (=event). 15 year overall mortality was assessed retrospectively. The prognostic impact was assessed using a Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS 113 chronic HF patients were included. Median follow up time was 614 days and 37 patients (32.7%) experienced an event. A Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with increased sST2, HSP27 and hsCRP levels have significantly worse prognosis (p < 0.001). The use of a three-biomarker combination was superior in an independent risk prediction of an event (one high vs. two high: HR = 4.5, 95% CI: 1.3-15.5, p = 0.018; and one high vs. all high: HR = 9.8, 95% CI: 2.8-34.3, p < 0.001) as shown in a multivariable cox proportional hazard model. However, the biomarker panel did not predict 15 year overall mortality, in contrast to elevated HSP27 levels (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS The combination of all three markers is an independent predictor of cardiovascular death and unplanned HF associated hospitalisation but not overall mortality. Our findings suggest that adding those markers in combination to well established risk assessment parameters may improve risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Traxler
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Waehringergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Zimmermann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Simader
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Waehringergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cecilia M Veraar
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital of Bolzano, Lorenz Böhler Straße 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Michael Mildner
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Varius Dannenberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mitja Lainscak
- Division of Cardiology, General Hospital Murska Sobota, Ulica dr. Vrbnjaka 6, 9000 Murska Sobota, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova ulica 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Jug
- Department of Vascular Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Center, Zaloška 7/VI, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hendrik J Ankersmit
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Sahu S, Mishra SR, Kundu AK. Impact of thermal stress on expression dynamics of HSP60 in cardiac fibroblast cells of goat. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 32:327-333. [PMID: 31779521 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1696353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to determine the impact of thermal stress on expression dynamics of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) mRNA in cultured cardiac fibroblast cells of the goat. The heart tissues (n = 6) from different goats were used for the culture study. The cardiac fibroblast cells were cultured and subjected to thermal stress at 42 °C for 0, 20, 60 and 100 min. The relative abundance of HSP60 mRNA was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The cardiac cells exposed to thermal stress at 42 °C for 0 min was taken as control. The relative abundance of HSP60 mRNA did not change at 20 min of thermal stress as compared to control. Thereafter, the relative abundance of HSP60 mRNA was significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05) at 60 min and 100 min of thermal stress. However, the highest mRNA expression of HSP60 was noticed at 100 min of thermal stress. The present study indicates that, thermal stress modulates the mRNA expression HSP60 in cultured caprine cardiac fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sahu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, C.V.Sc & A.H., O.U.A.T, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - S R Mishra
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, C.V.Sc & A.H., O.U.A.T, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - A K Kundu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, C.V.Sc & A.H., O.U.A.T, Bhubaneswar, India
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Rüdebusch J, Benkner A, Poesch A, Dörr M, Völker U, Grube K, Hammer E, Felix SB. Dynamic adaptation of myocardial proteome during heart failure development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185915. [PMID: 28973020 PMCID: PMC5626523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) development is characterized by huge structural changes that are crucial for disease progression. Analysis of time dependent global proteomic adaptations during HF progression offers the potential to gain deeper insights in the disease development and identify new biomarker candidates. Therefore, hearts of TAC (transverse aortic constriction) and sham mice were examined by cardiac MRI on either day 4, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 56 after surgery (n = 6 per group/time point). At each time point, proteomes of the left (LV) and right ventricles (RV) of TAC and sham mice were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). In TAC mice, systolic LV heart function worsened from day 4 to day 14, remained on a stable level from day 14 to day 42, and showed a further pronounced decline at day 56. MS analysis identified in the LV 330 and in RV 246 proteins with altered abundance over time (TAC vs. sham, fc≥±2). Functional categorization of proteins disclosed the time-dependent alteration of different pathways. Heat shock protein beta-7 (HSPB7) displayed differences in abundance in tissue and serum at an early stage of HF. This study not only provides an overview of the time dependent molecular alterations during transition to HF, but also identified HSPB7 as a novel blood biomarker candidate for the onset of cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rüdebusch
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Benkner
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Axel Poesch
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karina Grube
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elke Hammer
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail: (SBF); (EH)
| | - Stephan B. Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail: (SBF); (EH)
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Traxler D, Lainscak M, Simader E, Ankersmit HJ, Jug B. Heat shock protein 27 acts as a predictor of prognosis in chronic heart failure patients. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 473:127-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Wang X, Shults NV, Suzuki YJ. Oxidative profiling of the failing right heart in rats with pulmonary hypertension. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176887. [PMID: 28472095 PMCID: PMC5417519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Right heart failure is the major cause of death among patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Understanding the biology of the right ventricle (RV) should help developing new therapeutic strategies. Rats subjected to the injection of Sugen5416 (an inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) plus the ovalbumin immunization had increased pulmonary arterial pressure and severe vascular remodeling. RVs of these rats were hypertrophied and had severe cardiac fibrosis. No apoptosis was, however, detected. Metabolomics analysis revealed that oxidized glutathione, xanthine and uric acid had increased in PAH RVs, suggesting the production of reactive oxygen species by xanthine oxidase. PAH RVs were also found to have a 30-fold lower level of α-tocopherol nicotinate, consistent with oxidative stress decreasing antioxidants and also demonstrating for the first time that the nicotinate ester of vitamin E is endogenously expressed. Oxidative/nitrosative protein modifications including S-glutathionylation, S-nitrosylation and nitrotyrosine formation, but not protein carbonylation, were found to be increased in RVs of rats with PAH. Mass spectrometry identified that S-nitrosylated proteins include heat shock protein 90 and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. These results demonstrate that RV failure is associated with the promotion of specific oxidative and nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nataliia V. Shults
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yuichiro J. Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Liu S, Iskandar R, Chen W, Zhang J, Wang Y, Chen X, Xiang F. Soluble Glycoprotein 130 and Heat Shock Protein 27 as Novel Candidate Biomarkers of Chronic Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Heart Lung Circ 2016; 25:1000-6. [PMID: 27067668 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their importance, the current clinical biomarkers of chronic heart failure have limitations. In this study, soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130), heat shock protein 27 (hsp27), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (dpp4) and cathepsin S (CTSS) were tested for their potential as novel biomarkers for diagnosing chronic heart failure (CHF) with preserved ejection fraction. METHODS We compared the circulating levels of sgp130, hsp27, dpp4, and cathepsin S in patients with CHF with preserved ejection fraction (n=50) and in controls (n=50), determined how well these candidate biomarkers distinguish patients with CHF from controls, and assessed whether these candidates are superior to N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) as diagnostic tools. RESULTS After adjusting for clinical covariates, patients with CHF showed significantly higher mean concentrations of sgp130 (317.38pg/ml vs. 215.90 pg/ml), hsp27 (2601.02 pg/ml vs. 923.61 pg/ml) and NT-pro-BNP (982.35 pg/ml vs. 331.99 pg/ml), but not dpp4 (6930.9 4pg/ml vs. 7081.37 pg/ml) or CTSS (1050.46 pg/ml vs. 984.96 pg/ml), than did controls. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, hsp27 showed the most notable difference between CHF patients and controls, with the largest area under the curve (AUC) (0.920); the AUC values for sgp130 and NT-pro-BNP were 0.877 and 0.882, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Soluble glycoprotein 130 and hsp27 are novel candidate biomarkers for diagnosing CHF with preserved ejection fraction and thus warrant further investigation; neither dpp4 nor CTSS showed promise as biomarkers of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchen Liu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Reinard Iskandar
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
| | - Fei Xiang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
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12
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Naka K K, Vezyraki P, Kalaitzakis A, Zerikiotis S, Michalis L, Angelidis C. Hsp70 regulates the doxorubicin-mediated heart failure in Hsp70-transgenic mice. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:853-64. [PMID: 24748476 PMCID: PMC4389845 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of the Hsp70 protein in the cardiac dysfunction induced by doxorubicin (DOX) and the mechanisms of its action. For this purpose, we used both wild-type mice (F1/F1) and Hsp70-transgenic mice (Tg/Tg) overexpressing human HSP70. Both types were subjected to chronic DOX administration (3 mg/kg intraperitoneally every week for 10 weeks, with an interval from weeks 4 to 6). Primary cell cultures isolated from embryos of these mice were also studied. During DOX administration, the mortality rate as well as weight reduction were lower in Tg/Tg compared to F1/F1 mice (P < 0.05). In vivo cardiac function assessment by transthoracic echocardiography showed that the reduction in left ventricular systolic function observed after DOX administration was lower in Tg/Tg mice (P < 0.05). The study in primary embryonic cell lines showed that the apoptosis after incubation with DOX was reduced in cells overexpressing Hsp70 (Tg/Tg), while the apoptotic pathway that was activated by DOX administration involved activated protein factors such as p53, Bax, caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP-1. In myocardial protein extracts from identical mice with DOX-induced heart failure, the particular activated apoptotic pathway was confirmed, while the presence of Hsp70 appeared to inhibit the apoptotic pathway upstream of the p53 activation. Our results, in this DOX-induced heart failure model, indicate that Hsp70 overexpression in Tg/Tg transgenic mice provides protection from myocardial damage via an Hsp70-block in p53 activation, thus reducing the subsequent apoptotic mechanism.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Doxorubicin
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Heart Failure/chemically induced
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Heart Failure/prevention & control
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Systole
- Time Factors
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Naka K
- />Department of Cardiology and Michaelidion Cardiac Center, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110 Greece
| | - Patra Vezyraki
- />Laboratory of Physiology, Molecular and Cellular Physiology Unit, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110 Greece
| | - Alexandros Kalaitzakis
- />Laboratory of General Biology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110 Greece
| | - Stelios Zerikiotis
- />Laboratory of Physiology, Molecular and Cellular Physiology Unit, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110 Greece
| | - Lampros Michalis
- />Department of Cardiology and Michaelidion Cardiac Center, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110 Greece
| | - Charalampos Angelidis
- />Laboratory of General Biology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110 Greece
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13
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading global cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a highly conserved family of proteins with diverse functions expressed by all cells exposed to environmental stress. Studies have reported that several HSPs may be potential risk markers of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases, or may be directly involved in the atherogenic process itself. HSPs are expressed by cells in atherosclerotic plaque and anti-HSP has been reported to be increased in patients with vascular disease. Autoimmune responses may be generated against antigens present within the atherosclerotic plaque, including HSP and may lead to a cycle of ongoing vascular injury. It has been suggested that by inducing a state of tolerance to these antigens, the atherogenic process may be limited and thus provide a potential therapeutic approach. It has been suggested that anti-HSPs are independent predictors of risk of vascular disease. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of HSP in cardiovascular disease and highlight their potential role as diagnostic agents and therapeutic targets.
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14
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Barber RC, Maass DL, White DJ, Horton JW, Wolf SE, Minei JP, Zang QS. Deficiency in Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF-1) Expression Exacerbates Sepsis-induced Inflammation and Cardiac Dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 1. [PMID: 30701190 DOI: 10.15226/2376-4570/1/1/00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated whether absence of heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1) and inability to increase myocardial expression of heat shock proteins alter septic responses of inflammatory cytokines and myocardial contractility. HSF-1 knockout (hsf -/-) mice and wild type litter mates underwent a sterile (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) or infectious (Streptococcus pneumoniae or Klebsiella pneumoniae) septic challenge. Production of cytokines, TNF, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10, in the blood and from cardiomyocytes was exaggerated in the hsf -/- mice compared to responses measured in wild type mice given an identical septic challenge. This enhanced compartmentalized myocardial inflammation was associated with significantly decreased cardiac contraction and diminished relaxation in the hsf -/- mice. However, lacking HSF-1 expression did not affect intracellular calcium and sodium responses in cardiomyocytes isolated from septic challenged mice, suggesting that ion loading was not a major or sustaining cause of the greater myocardial contractile defects in hsf -/- mice. In conclusion, our data indicated that HSF-1 and downstream heat shock proteins are essential components to support cardiac function in sepsis. Further studies are warranted to further define the precise mechanisms of HSF-1 mediated cardiac protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Barber
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - David L Maass
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - D Jean White
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jureta W Horton
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Steven E Wolf
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph P Minei
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qun S Zang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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15
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Li C, Qiu Q, Wang Y, Li P, Xiao C, Wang H, Lin Y, Wang W. Time course label-free quantitative analysis of cardiac muscles of rats after myocardial infarction. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:505-13. [PMID: 24382414 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70422j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a worldwide cause of mortality and morbidity and is the ultimate ending of a variety of complex diseases. This reflects our incomplete understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms and furthermore increases the complexity of the disease. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of heart failure, we investigated dynamic proteomic differences between the heart tissue of myocardial infarction rats and the rats in the sham group at days 4, 14, 28, 45 after operation. Using a label-free quantitative proteomic approach based on nanoscale ultra-performance liquid chromatography-ESI-MS(E), 133 proteins were identified at the four time points in 8 groups. 13 non-redundant proteins changed dynamically after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rat left ventricular (LV) tissue, including cytoskeletal proteins, metabolic enzymes, oxidative stress related proteins and ion channel proteins. The network analysis showed that the differential protein might play an important role in lipid metabolism and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The dynamic changes in the expression of beta-actin, alpha B-crystallin (CryAB), heat shock protein 8(HSP8), desmin and l-lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) were tested by the western-blot assay, and the results were consistent with the label-free quantitative proteomic results. Correlative analysis indicates that the CryAB and desmin have a better linear relation with heart function (ejection fraction) than cardiac troponin T (cTNT). Our results provide the first experimental evidence of the proteins that are differentially expressed following myocardial infarction, using time-course label-free quantitative proteomics in vivo without ischemia-reperfusion injury or myocardial ischemia. These differential functional proteins (especially CryAB and desmin) have different patterns during the myocardial infarction, which may partially account for the underlying mechanisms involved in cardiac rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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16
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Danger signals in the initiation of the inflammatory response after myocardial infarction. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:206039. [PMID: 24363498 PMCID: PMC3864081 DOI: 10.1155/2013/206039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During myocardial infarction, sterile inflammation occurs. The danger model is a solid theoretic framework that explains this inflammation as danger associated molecular patterns activate the immune system. The innate immune system can sense danger signals through different pathogen recognition receptors (PRR) such as toll-like receptors, nod-like receptors and receptors for advanced glycation endproducts. Activation of a PRR results in the production of cytokines and the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of injury. Due to tissue damage and necrosis of cardiac cells, danger signals such as extracellular matrix (ECM) breakdown products, mitochondrial DNA, heat shock proteins and high mobility box 1 are released. Matricellular proteins are non-structural proteins expressed in the ECM and are upregulated upon injury. Some members of the matricellular protein family (like tenascin-C, osteopontin, CCN1 and the galectins) have been implicated in the inflammatory and reparative responses following myocardial infarction and may function as danger signals. In a clinical setting, danger signals can function as prognostic and/or diagnostic biomarkers and for drug targeting. In this review we will provide an overview of the established knowledge on the role of danger signals in myocardial infarction and we will discuss areas of interest for future research.
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17
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Panda S, Biswas S, Kar A. Trigonelline isolated from fenugreek seed protects against isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury through down-regulation of Hsp27 and αB-crystallin. Nutrition 2013; 29:1395-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Sridharan V, Sharma SK, Moros EG, Corry PM, Tripathi P, Lieblong BJ, Guha C, Hauer-Jensen M, Boerma M. Effects of radiation on the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway in the heart. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:539-47. [PMID: 23488537 PMCID: PMC3700655 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.782110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a serious side-effect of thoracic radiotherapy. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway is essential for the function and survival of cardiomyocytes. Hence, agents that target the EGFR pathway are cardiotoxic. Tocotrienols protect from radiation injury, but may also enhance the therapeutic effects of EGFR pathway inhibitors in cancer treatment. This study investigated the effects of local irradiation on the EGFR pathway in the heart and tests whether tocotrienols may modify radiation-induced changes in this pathway. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats received image-guided localized heart irradiation with 21 Gy. Twenty four hours before irradiation, rats received a single dose of tocotrienol-enriched formulation or vehicle by oral gavage. At time points from 2 h to 9 months after irradiation, left ventricular expression of EGFR pathway mediators was studied. RESULTS Irradiation caused a decrease in the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and neuregulin-1 (Nrg-1) mRNA from 6 h up to 10 weeks, followed by an upregulation of these ligands and the receptor erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ErbB)4 at 6 months. In addition, the upregulation of Nrg-1 was statistically significant up to 9 months after irradiation. A long-term upregulation of ErbB2 protein did not coincide with changes in transcription or post-translational interaction with the chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Pretreatment with tocotrienols prevented radiation-induced changes at 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Local heart irradiation causes long-term changes in the EGFR pathway. Studies have to address how radiation may interact with cardiotoxic effects of EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
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19
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Laskarin G, Persic V, Miškulin R, Ruzic A, Zaputovic L. Can we assess an acute myocardial infarction in patients with acute coronary syndrome according to diagnostic accuracy of heat shock proteins? Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:592-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Gombos T, Förhécz Z, Pozsonyi Z, Széplaki G, Kunde J, Füst G, Jánoskuti L, Karádi I, Prohászka Z. Complement anaphylatoxin C3a as a novel independent prognostic marker in heart failure. Clin Res Cardiol 2012; 101:607-15. [PMID: 22373875 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-012-0432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate complement activation in a heart failure cohort. Based on their powerful biological activity, we hypothesized that the levels of anaphylatoxin C3a are related to pathological signs and outcomes in heart failure. DESIGN, SETTING AND PATIENTS Complement activation products C3a and SC5b9 were determined in 182 consecutive CHF patients (single centre, prospective cohort study), with a left ventricular ejection fraction <45%. Mortality and re-hospitalisation due to the progression of CHF were assessed after a median follow-up of 14 months. INTERVENTIONS None. RESULTS In the univariate analysis, high level of anaphylatoxin C3a was significantly associated with clinical events (p < 0.0001), whereas SC5b9 showed a tendency of association (p = 0.094). In multivariable Cox analysis, adjusted for age, NT-proBNP, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), haemoglobin and creatinine levels, C3a was a significant predictor of HF-related re-hospitalization or death (HR 1.189 per 1-SD increase, 95% CI 1.023-1.383), and of cardiovascular events or death (HR 1.302, CI 1.083-1.566). C3a was strongly associated with the presence of peripheral oedema, inflammatory markers (CRP, prealbumin, IL-6, sTNFRI, sTNFRII), heat-shock protein 70 levels and endothelial activation markers (von-Willebrand factor and endothelin-1). CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study showed that complement activation is strongly linked to unfavourable outcomes in heart failure. High levels of anaphylatoxin C3a predicted re-hospitalization, cardiovascular events and mortality in adjusted survival model. Increased C3a levels were associated with biomarkers of acute-phase reaction, inflammation, cellular stress response, endothelial-cell activation and oedematous complications independently from disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Gombos
- IIIrd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 4, Budapest 1125, Hungary
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21
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Wrigley BJ, Lip GYH, Shantsila E. The role of monocytes and inflammation in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2011; 13:1161-71. [PMID: 21952932 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfr122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence to support an important role of inflammation in the underlying pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). Indeed, inflammatory cytokine levels are well recognized to be increased in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and appear to have prognostic implications. Monocytes play a pivotal role in the inflammatory cascade and are a major source of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. They are intimately involved in tissue damage and repair and an imbalance of these processes may have detrimental consequences for the failing myocardium. Importantly, monocytes comprise of distinct subsets with different cell surface markers and functional characteristics and this heterogeneity may be important in understanding their specific role in HF. In HF, monocyte activation involves interplay between pattern recognition molecules, endotoxins, cytokines, and acute phase proteins. Activated monocytes migrate to the myocardium in response to powerful chemokines, where they must then attach to the endothelial wall before infiltrating into the myocardium itself. This review article aims to discuss the role of monocytes and inflammation in HF, focusing on monocyte activation, mobilisation, recruitment and endothelial adherence, as well as the effects they may have on myocardial performance. The therapeutic modulation of inflammation and monocyte activation in HF treatment will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Wrigley
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK
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22
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Abstract
Despite advances in treatment of patients who suffer from ischemic heart disease, morbidity related to myocardial infarction is increasing in Western societies. Acute and chronic immune responses elicited by myocardial ischemia have an important role in the functional deterioration of the heart. Research on modulation of the inflammatory responses was focused on effector mediators such as leukocytes. However, increasing evidence indicates that various endogenous ligands that act as 'danger signals', also called danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are released upon injury and modulate inflammation. Originally described as part of the first-line defense against invading microorganisms, several Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on leukocytes and parenchymal cells have now been shown to respond to such signals and to have a pivotal role in noninfectious pathological cardiovascular conditions, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury and heart failure. From a therapeutic perspective, DAMPs are attractive targets owing to their specific induction after injury. In this Review, we will discuss innate immune activation through TLRs in cardiac ischemia mediated by DAMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Arslan
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Hofmann U, Ertl G, Frantz S. Toll-like receptors as potential therapeutic targets in cardiac dysfunction. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:753-65. [PMID: 21385118 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.566560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The innate immune system can detect the highly conserved, relatively invariant structural motifs of pathogens. The most important innate immune receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), represent a first line of defense against infectious pathogens, and play a pivotal role in initiating and shaping innate and adaptive immune responses. TLRs are not only expressed in immune cells, but also in cardiovascular cells. In addition to their role in response to microbial infections, evidence suggests that TLRs can also recognize endogenous ligands and may play a role in mediating cardiomyocyte cell death and survival after non-infectious injury. AREAS COVERED TLRs could be a link between cardiovascular diseases and the immune system. Experimentally, there is good evidence that TLR activation contributes to development and progression of both acute cardiac injury and chronic heart failure. The role of TLRs in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, remodeling, septic cardiomyoparthy, autoimmune- and viral myocarditis, anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy and cardiac hypertrophy, in basic as well as clinical science are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Evidence, mainly from animal experiments, indicates that TLRs contribute to all of the myocardial disease states reviewed in this paper. However, the relevance of TLRs as therapeutic targets remains to be defined as clinical data is sparse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Hofmann
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Oberdürrbacherstraße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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24
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Vedam K, Nishijima Y, Druhan LJ, Khan M, Moldovan NI, Zweier JL, Ilangovan G. Role of heat shock factor-1 activation in the doxorubicin-induced heart failure in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1832-41. [PMID: 20363884 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01047.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Treating cancer patients with chemotherapeutics, such as doxorubicin (Dox), cause dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure because of oxidative stress. On the other hand, heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), a transcription factor for heat shock proteins (Hsps), is also known to be activated in response to oxidative stress. However, the possible role of HSF-1 activation and the resultant Hsp25 in chemotherapeutic-induced heart failure has not been investigated. Using HSF-1 wild-type (HSF-1(+/+)) and knock-out (HSF-1(-/-)) mice, we tested the hypothesis that activation of HSF-1 plays a role in the development of Dox-induced heart failure. Higher levels of Hsp25 and its phosphorylated forms were found in the failing hearts of Dox-treated HSF-1(+/+) mice. More than twofold increase in Hsp25 mRNA level was found in Dox-treated hearts. Proteomic analysis showed that there is accumulation and aggregation of Hsp25 in Dox-treated failing hearts. Additionally, Hsp25 was found to coimmunoprecipitate with p53 and vice versa. Further studies indicated that the Dox-induced higher levels of Hsp25 transactivated p53 leading to higher levels of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, but other p53-related proteins remained unaltered. Moreover, HSF-1(-/-) mice showed significantly reduced Dox-induced heart failure and higher survival rate, and there was no change in Bax upon treating with Dox in HSF-1(-/-) mice. From these results we propose a novel mechanism for Dox-induced heart failure: increased expression of Hsp25 because of oxidant-induced activation of HSF-1 transactivates p53 to increase Bax levels, which leads to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Vedam
- Division of Cardiovascular medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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25
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26
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Schott P, Jacobshagen C, Köhler J, Seidler T, Asif AR, Dihazi H, Hasenfuss G, Maier LS. Proteome changes in CaMKIIδC-overexpressing cardiac myocytes. Cardiovasc Pathol 2010; 19:e241-50. [PMID: 20093047 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the expression as well as the activity of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ(C) (CaMKIIδ(C)) is increased in heart failure. Transgenic overexpression of CaMKIIδ(C) in mouse hearts results in severe dilated cardiomyopathy. So far, little is known about CaMKIIδ(C)-induced changes in gene expression and proteome alteration. We hypothesize that proteome changes similar to those found in advanced heart failure can be assessed even after short term overexpression of CaMKIIδ(C) in an in vitro culture model. Thus, we designed a study using a proteomic approach combined with adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of CaMKIIδ(C) to identify early CaMKIIδ(C)-induced changes in cardiac myocyte phenotype on proteome level. CaMKIIδ(C) was overexpressed by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in isolated cardiac myocytes of adult rabbits for 48 h. Proteome changes were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (MS). Overexpression of CaMKIIδ(C) resulted in a decreased expression of 21 proteins (at least twofold change of expression, P<.05, n=10). Using in-gel digest and MS, we identified 13 out of these 21 proteins. CaMKIIδ(C) overexpression leads to a reduced abundance of NADH dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase, creatine kinase M, heat shock protein 70, elongation factor Tu, and superoxide dismutase. The profile of the proteome changes induced by CaMKIIδ(C) overexpression after 48 h displayed striking alterations of metabolic proteins, cell-protecting proteins including antioxidants, and proteins involved in protein synthesis. Interestingly, the observed proteome changes are in common with the phenotype of failing cardiac myocytes on the protein level. These altered proteins may act individually as contributors to heart failure, which is observed after overexpression of CaMKIIδ(C) in genetically altered mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schott
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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27
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Kupper N, Gidron Y, Winter J, Denollet J. Association between type D personality, depression, and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure. Psychosom Med 2009; 71:973-80. [PMID: 19834046 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e3181bee6dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether markers of oxidative stress differ as a function of Type D personality, depression, and chronic heart failure (CHF) etiology. Type D (distressed) personality and depression are related to poor cardiac prognosis. Because patients with CHF are characterized by increased oxidative stress, this may be a candidate mechanism responsible for the adverse prognosis in emotionally distressed patients with CHF. METHODS Serum levels of xanthine oxidase (XO), inducible heat shock protein (Hsp)70, and deoxyribonucleic acid damage marker 8-OHdG were measured in 122 patients, and effects of Type D, depression, and etiology were assessed. RESULTS CHF patients with Type D personality had lower levels of Hsp70 than non-Type D patients (6.48 ng/mL versus 7.85 ng/mL, p = .04, d = 0.26), and in case of an ischemic etiology, higher levels of XO (13.57 ng/mL versus 9.84 ng/mL, p = .01, d = 0.98). There were no significant univariate differences for depression. When adding depression as an additional independent variable in the Type D analysis, the effect of Type D personality remained significant (F = 5.460, p = .02) and was independent of depression (F = 0.942, p = .33). The ratio of XO to Hsp70 was significantly higher in Type D patients with CHF as compared with non-Type D patients (6.14 versus 2.83, p = .03, d = 0.39), independent of etiology class. CONCLUSION CHF patients with Type D personality are characterized by an increased oxidative stress burden, apparent in the decreased antioxidant levels and an increased oxidative stress ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kupper
- Department of Medical Psychology, Tilburg University, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases, Warandelaan 2, PO box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands.
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28
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Rysä J, Aro J, Ruskoaho H. Early left ventricular gene expression profile in response to increase in blood pressure. Blood Press 2009; 15:375-83. [PMID: 17472029 DOI: 10.1080/08037050601037851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The heart adapts to increased pressure overload by hypertrophic growth of terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes. At the genetic level, the hypertrophic response is characterized by the reprogramming of gene expression, i.e. upregulation of immediate early genes, natriuretic peptide genes and genes encoding structural proteins. In the present study, we characterized the early changes in gene expression with cDNA expression arrays in response to increase in blood pressure produced by arginine8-vasopressin infusion (0.05 microg/kg/min, i.v.) for 30 min and 4 h in conscious normotensive rats. Expression profiling revealed differential expression of 14 genes in the left ventricle, and several novel factors of immediate early genetic response to pressure overload were identified, such as growth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein 45 (GADD45alpha), epidermal fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP) and Bcl-X. Administration of angiotensin II (Ang II) for 6 h by osmotic minipumps also increased left ventricular GADD45alpha, E-FABP and Bcl-X gene expression. Furthermore, the induction of GADD45alpha and Bcl-X gene expression by Ang II was blocked by angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan. In summary, our analysis provided new insights into the pathogenesis of pressure overload-induced hypertrophy by suggesting the existence of novel regulators of the immediate early gene expression program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Rysä
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
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Heimrath O, Oxner A, Myers T, Legare JF. Heat shock treatment prior to myocardial infarction results in reduced ventricular remodeling. J INVEST SURG 2009; 22:9-15. [PMID: 19191152 DOI: 10.1080/08941930802438922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock (HS) treatment has been suggested to confer myocardial protection following ischemia. However, the effects of HS on left ventricular (LV) remodeling weeks after infarction have yet to be described. METHODS Myocardial infarction (MI) was created by coronary ligation in Lewis rats. Two experimental groups of animals were created: HS+MI group (n = 13) and MI group (n = 13). HS treatment consisted of an elevation in core temperature to 42 degrees C for 15 min, 24 hr prior to MI. LV remodeling was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography (day 0, 1, 7, and 28) and by morphometric histology (day 28). RESULTS There was no significant difference in infarct size (TTC stain 24 hr) between HS+MI and MI groups. Using transthoracic echo there was a significant preservation of LV ejection fraction and fractional shortening in the HS+MI group as compared to MI group (7 and 28 days). Similar trends were seen by histology at 28 days but failed to reach significance. HSP27 expression by myocardial cells was shown to remain up-regulated (at 28 days) in both groups at the edges of the infarct area as compared to control myocardium. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that HS treatment prior to MI can result in a significant decrease in LV remodeling independent of a reduction in infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Heimrath
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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30
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Matas J, Young NTS, Bourcier-Lucas C, Ascah A, Marcil M, Deschepper CF, Burelle Y. Increased expression and intramitochondrial translocation of cyclophilin-D associates with increased vulnerability of the permeability transition pore to stress-induced opening during compensated ventricular hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 46:420-30. [PMID: 19094991 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Opening of the permeability transition pore (PTP) of mitochondria is a critical permeation event that compromises cell viability and may constitute a factor that participates to the loss of cardiomyocytes in compromised hearts. Mitochondria from hearts with volume overload-induced compensated hypertrophy are more vulnerable to opening of the PTP opening in response to a Ca2+ stress. Several of the factors known to affect PTP opening, including respiratory function, membrane potential, the rate of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and endogenous levels of Ca2+ in the mitochondrial matrix, were not altered by volume overload. In contrast, there was an 80% increase in the abundance of the PTP regulating protein cyclophilin-D and a 3.7 fold enhancement of Cyp-D binding to membrane, which all predispose to PTP opening. Mitochondria from volume overloaded animals also displayed elevated rates of production of reactive oxygen species, which may be causally related to both the intramitochondrial translocation of cyclophilin-D and PTP opening, since incubation of cardiac mitochondria with terbutylhydroperoxyde in vitro increased to binding of cyclophilin-D to mitochondrial membranes in a dose-related fashion, except when cyclosporin A (a ligand of cyclophilin D with a known ability to delay PTP opening) was present prior to the addition of terbutylhydroperoxyde. Taken together, these results constitute the first evidence obtained in a pathophysiologic situation that increased abundance of cyclophilin-D within mitochondrial membranes may increase mitochondrial vulnerability to stress, and thus possibly initiate a vicious cycle of cellular dysfunction that may ultimately lead to activation of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Matas
- Département de kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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31
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Noble EG, Milne KJ, Melling CWJ. Heat shock proteins and exercise: a primer. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 33:1050-65. [PMID: 18923583 DOI: 10.1139/h08-069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are, in general, prosurvival molecules within the cellular environment, and the overexpression of even just 1 family of HSPs can lead to protection against and improvements after a variety of stressors. Not surprisingly, a fertile area of study has grown out of efforts to exploit the innate biologic behaviour of HSPs. Exercise, because of the inherent physiologic stresses associated with it, is but 1 stimulus that can result in a robust increase in various HSPs in several tissues, not the least of which happen to be the heart and skeletal muscle. The purpose of this review is to introduce the reader to the major HSP families, the control of their expression, and some of their biologic functions, specifically with respect to the influence of exercise. Moreover, as the first in a series of reviews from a common symposium, we will briefly introduce the concepts presented by the other authors, which include the effects of different exercise paradigms on skeletal muscle HSPs in the adult and aged systems, HSPs as regulators of inflammation, and the ion channel stabilizing effects of HSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Earl G Noble
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada.
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32
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Heat shock protein 60 expression in heart, liver and kidney of broilers exposed to high temperature. Res Vet Sci 2008; 86:533-8. [PMID: 18951595 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and localization of HSP60 in the heart, liver, and kidney of acutely heat-stressed broilers at various stressing times. The plasma creatine kinase (CK) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) concentrations statistic increased following heat stress. After 2h of heat stress, the tissues showed histopathological changes. Hsp60 expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of parenchyma cells heat stress. The intensity of the cytoplasmic staining varied and exhibited an organ-specific distribution pattern. Hsp60 levels in the hearts of heat-stressed chickens gradually increased at 1h (p<0.05) and peaked (p<0.05) at 5h; Hsp60 levels in the liver gradually decreased at 3h (p<0.05); Hsp60 levels in the kidney had no fluctuation. It is suggested that Hsp60 expression is tissue-specific and this may be linked to tissue damage in response to heat stress. The Hsp60 level is distinct in diverse tissues, indicating that Hsp60 may exert its protective effect by a tissue- and time-specific mechanism.
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Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Sahebkar A, Parizadeh SMR, Moohebati M, Tavallaie S, Rezakazemi-Bajestani SM, Esmaeili HA, Ferns G. Antibody titres to heat shock protein 27 are elevated in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Int J Exp Pathol 2008; 89:209-15. [PMID: 18460073 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG antibody titres to heat shock protein 27 (anti-Hsp27) were measured to determine whether these titres were affected in patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome. Blood samples were taken from 94 patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome. Anti-Hsp27 IgG titres were determined using an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the first and second 12 h after the onset of symptoms and compared with values for 81 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Median antibody titres to Hsp27 in the first sample from patients whose diagnosis was a myocardial infarction (n = 42) was 0.41 absorbancy units (range 0.28-0.57) and for those with unstable angina (n = 52) was 0.31 (range 0.20-0.42), both being significantly higher than for controls (n = 81), which was 0.08 (range 0.05-0.15) (P < 0.05). However, titres fell in the second samples collected in the coronary syndrome patients and were then no longer significantly different from controls (P > 0.05). Myocardial infarction patients also had significantly higher anti-Hsp27 titres in the first 12 h than patients with unstable angina (P < 0.05), but again the difference in the second sample did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). Serum antibody titres to Hsp27 rise and fall rapidly after the onset of acute coronary syndrome, and may be an early marker of myocardial ischaemia as patients with myocardial infarction or unstable angina both had high titres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran.
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Zou N, Ao L, Cleveland JC, Yang X, Su X, Cai GY, Banerjee A, Fullerton DA, Meng X. Critical role of extracellular heat shock cognate protein 70 in the myocardial inflammatory response and cardiac dysfunction after global ischemia-reperfusion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 294:H2805-13. [PMID: 18441202 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00299.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) modulates the myocardial inflammatory response to ischemia-reperfusion injury, and we recently found that cytokines link TLR4 to postischemic cardiac dysfunction. Although TLR4 can be activated in cultured cells by endogenous agents including heat shock protein 70, how it is activated during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion is unknown. In the present study, we examined 1) whether heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70), which is constitutively expressed in the myocardium, is released during ischemia-reperfusion; 2) whether extracellular HSC70 induces the myocardial inflammatory response and modulates cardiac function; and 3) whether HSC70 exerts these effects via TLR4. We subjected isolated mouse hearts to global ischemia-reperfusion via the Langendorff technique. Immunoblotting and immunostaining detected the release of HSC70 from the myocardium during reperfusion. Treatment with an antibody specific to HSC70 suppressed myocardial cytokine expression and improved cardiac functional recovery after ischemia-reperfusion. Recombinant HSC70 induced NF-kappaB activation and cytokine expression and depressed myocardial contractility in a TLR4-dependent manner. These effects required the substrate-binding domain of HSC70. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis of isolated macrophages demonstrated that extracellular HSC70 interacts with TLR4. Therefore, this study demonstrates for the first time that 1) the myocardium releases HSC70 during ischemia-reperfusion, 2) extracellular HSC70 contributes to the postischemic myocardial inflammatory response and to cardiac dysfunction, 3) HSC70 exerts these effects through a TLR4-dependent mechanism, and 4) the substrate-binding domain of HSC70 is required to induce these effects. Thus extracellular HSC70 plays a critical role in regulating the myocardial innate immune response and cardiac function after ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Blood dendritic cell levels and phenotypic characteristics in relation to etiology of end-stage heart failure: implications for dilated cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2008; 131:246-56. [PMID: 18243370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2007] [Revised: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of dendritic cell (DC) mediated immune responses towards auto-antigens, is considered an important feature in the maintenance of experimentally induced heart failure (HF). In order to evaluate the role of blood DCs in cardiomyopathies of different origins, we examined myeloid (mDC) and plasmacytoid (pDC) subset levels and maturation characteristics, according to HF severity and etiology in humans. METHODS Absolute numbers of mDCs and pDCs in 12 New York Heart Association (NYHA) class-II, 28 NYHA class III-IV HF patients and 18 healthy controls, were studied by 4-colour whole blood flow cytometry. RESULTS End-stage (NYHA III-IV) HF patients had comparable circulating DC subset levels to NYHA-II patients and controls. However, within the NYHA III-IV group total DC levels in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) were higher (P<0.001) than in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or other HF etiology. This was due to a significant increase of primarily mDCs (P<0.0001) and to a lesser extent of pDCs (P<0.05) in idiopathic DCM patients, independent of systolic or diastolic cardiac dysfunction. Maturation marker CD83 and lymphoid homing chemokine receptor CCR7 surface expression was enhanced only on mDCs, but not pDCs from DCM patients (P<0.05), compared to patients with CAD, HCM or other underlying cardiac pathophysiology. CONCLUSIONS Total blood DC levels in end-stage HF are elevated in patients with DCM. Whole blood DC characterisation may lead to new insights into the pathophysiology of idiopathic DCM in humans.
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Effects of tanshinone VI on phosphorylation of ERK and Akt in isolated cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 580:298-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Dohke T, Wada A, Isono T, Fujii M, Yamamoto T, Tsutamoto T, Horie M. Proteomic analysis reveals significant alternations of cardiac small heat shock protein expression in congestive heart failure. J Card Fail 2006; 12:77-84. [PMID: 16500585 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2005.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Revised: 07/05/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because congestive heart failure (CHF) is a complex syndrome with many different underlying mechanisms of worsening of heart function, it is important to recognize the global alternations in protein expression associated with the processes of CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS The purpose of our study was to use a proteomic approach to investigate global alternations in protein expression in tachycardia induced CHF dogs. We compared the 2-dimensional electrophoresis protein patterns of left ventricular samples from the normal with those from failing myocardium. Differentially expressed cardiac proteins showed approximately 500 cardiac protein spots. A total of 20 spots (14 increased, 6 decreased) was altered in CHF, whereas the more distinguishably increased spots in CHF were identified by using mass spectrometry as alpha B crystallin, heat shock protein (HSP) 27, and HSP20, which maintain both the morphologic and functional integrity of the cardiomyocytes and increase tolerance against various types of stress. Because phosphorylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications, we evaluated whether or not the overexpressed small HSPs were phosphorylated in CHF. Phosphoprotein staining and Western blotting demonstrated that the phosphorylation of alpha B crystallin at serine (Ser)-59 site and of HSP27 at both Ser-78 and Ser-82 sites increased in CHF. CONCLUSION Proteomics studies can provide new insights into molecular mechanisms in CHF and phosphorylated small HSPs may be involved in preventing cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Dohke
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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38
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Ferns G, Shams S, Shafi S. Heat shock protein 27: its potential role in vascular disease. Int J Exp Pathol 2006; 87:253-74. [PMID: 16875491 PMCID: PMC2517372 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2006.00484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that have an ability to protect proteins from damage induced by environmental factors such as free radicals, heat, ischaemia and toxins, allowing denatured proteins to adopt their native configuration. Heat shock protein-27 (Hsp27) is a member of the small Hsp (sHsp) family of proteins, and has a molecular weight of approximately 27 KDa. In addition to its role as a chaperone, it has also been reported to have many additional functions. These include effects on the apoptotic pathway, cell movement and embryogenesis. In this review, we have focused on its possible role in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Ferns
- Centre for Clinical Science and Measurement, School of Biomedical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford Surrey, UK.
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Satoh M, Shimoda Y, Akatsu T, Ishikawa Y, Minami Y, Nakamura M. Elevated circulating levels of heat shock protein 70 are related to systemic inflammatory reaction through monocyte Toll signal in patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Heart Fail 2006; 8:810-5. [PMID: 16714144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2005] [Revised: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that heat shock protein (HSP) 70 may serve as a "damage signal" to the immune system and could be the endogenous ligand for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 mediating synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. AIMS To explore the relationship between circulating HSP70 levels and activation of monocyte TLR4 and myocardial damage after AMI. METHODS AND RESULTS This study examined circulating HSP70 and monocyte TLR4 levels in 52 patients with AMI and 20 controls, and analyzed ex vivo inflammatory cytokine productions using HSP70-stimulated monocytes. Circulating HSP70 levels were higher in AMI patients on day 1 after onset than in controls and remained elevated in AMI patients 14 days after onset. HSP70 levels were positively correlated with monocyte TLR4, plasma interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in AMI patients. HSP70 levels 14 days after onset were higher in AMI patients with heart failure (n=15) than in those without heart failure. In our in vitro study, HSP70-stimulated monocytes resulted in dose-dependent TLR4 expression and release of inflammatory cytokines. TLR4 antibody inhibited inflammatory cytokines release. CONCLUSIONS Elevated circulating levels of HSP70 may be involved in TLR4 signal-mediated immune response and the progression of heart failure after AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Satoh
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Uchimaru 19-1, Morioka 020-8505, Iwate, Japan.
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Yan L, Vatner DE, Kim SJ, Ge H, Masurekar M, Massover WH, Yang G, Matsui Y, Sadoshima J, Vatner SF. Autophagy in chronically ischemic myocardium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:13807-12. [PMID: 16174725 PMCID: PMC1224362 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506843102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that chronically ischemic (IS) myocardium induces autophagy, a cellular degradation process responsible for the turnover of unnecessary or dysfunctional organelles and cytoplasmic proteins, which could protect against the consequences of further ischemia. Chronically instrumented pigs were studied with repetitive myocardial ischemia produced by one, three, or six episodes of 90 min of coronary stenosis (30% reduction in baseline coronary flow followed by reperfusion every 12 h) with the non-IS region as control. In this model, wall thickening in the IS region was chronically depressed by approximately 37%. Using a nonbiased proteomic approach combining 2D gel electrophoresis with in-gel proteolysis, peptide mapping by MS, and sequence database searches for protein identification, we demonstrated increased expression of cathepsin D, a protein known to mediate autophagy. Additional autophagic proteins, cathepsin B, heat shock cognate protein Hsc73 (a key protein marker for chaperone-mediated autophagy), beclin 1 (a mammalian autophagy gene), and the processed form of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (a marker for autophagosomes), were also increased. These changes, not evident after one episode, began to appear after two or three episodes and were most marked after six episodes of ischemia, when EM demonstrated autophagic vacuoles in chronically IS myocytes. Conversely, apoptosis, which was most marked after three episodes, decreased strikingly after six episodes, when autophagy had increased. Immunohistochemistry staining for cathepsin B was more intense in areas where apoptosis was absent. Thus, autophagy, triggered by ischemia, could be a homeostatic mechanism, by which apoptosis is inhibited and the deleterious effects of chronic ischemia are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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De Celle T, Vanrobaeys F, Lijnen P, Blankesteijn WM, Heeneman S, Van Beeumen J, Devreese B, Smits JFM, Janssen BJA. Alterations in mouse cardiac proteome after in vivo myocardial infarction: permanent ischaemia versus ischaemia-reperfusion. Exp Physiol 2005; 90:593-606. [PMID: 15833752 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2005.030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mice are increasingly used to study the early molecular mechanisms inducing injury to the heart following myocardial infarction. To date, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry has not been applied to identify changes in protein expression in myocardial tissue of mice subjected in vivo to permanent ischaemia (PI) or ischaemia-reperfusion (IR). In the PI group, ischaemia was induced for 210 min by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery while in the IR group, ischaemia was maintained for 30 min and reperfusion was allowed for 180 min. In both groups, the area of the left ventricle at risk was processed for 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. By comparing protein density changes in cytosolic as well as membrane fractions, we found a total of 32 protein spots that were differentially expressed. Twenty spots changed in expression level after PI alone, four spots after IR alone, and eight spots changed in both models. Identified proteins with MALDI TOF-TOF and LC-MS/MS can be classified into functional groups of anticoagulant proteins, structural proteins, inflammatory-related proteins, transcription- and translation-related proteins, heat shock proteins (HSPs), metabolism-related proteins and miscellaneous. A remarkable finding was the IR-specific translocation of annexins (A3 and A5) from the cytosolic to the membrane compartment, a phenomenon that was verified by Western blotting. Four proteins were changed in expression level at multiple spot locations, characterized by a difference in isoelectric point. In the case of cardiac troponin T and HSP-20, these changes were also dependent on the model. In addition, one spot for the proteins adenylate kinase 1, cardiac troponin T and HSP-20 was uniquely present in the IR and/or PI groups and not in the respective sham groups. The specific alterations in protein expression that took place after PI and IR may stimulate the search for new tools to diagnoze myocardial infarction and to characterize specific pathology-related changes in protein expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Annexins/metabolism
- Anticoagulants/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cytosol/metabolism
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Heart/physiopathology
- Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Male
- Mice
- Muscle Proteins/biosynthesis
- Myocardial Infarction/genetics
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Ischemia/metabolism
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Protein Transport
- Proteome/physiology
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijl De Celle
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Universiteit Maastricht, PO Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands.
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Dybdahl B, Slørdahl SA, Waage A, Kierulf P, Espevik T, Sundan A. Myocardial ischaemia and the inflammatory response: release of heat shock protein 70 after myocardial infarction. Heart 2005; 91:299-304. [PMID: 15710705 PMCID: PMC1768748 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2003.028092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 may be released into the circulation after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by exploring the kinetics of Hsp70 release and the relations between Hsp70 and markers of inflammation and myocardial damage in AMI. DESIGN Blood samples from 24 patients were prospectively collected through to the first day after AMI. Hsp70, interleukin (IL) 6, IL-8, and IL-10 in serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Median Hsp70 concentrations in AMI patients measured at arrival, six hours thereafter, and the following morning were 686, 868, and 607 pg/ml, respectively. These concentrations were all significantly different from those of the control patients with angina with a median serum Hsp70 concentration of 306 pg/ml. Peak Hsp70 correlated with creatine kinase (CK) MB (r = 0.62, p < 0.01) and cardiac troponin T (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). Furthermore, serum Hsp70 correlated with IL-6 and IL-8 at six hours (r = 0.60, p < 0.01 and r = 0.59, p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In this study, Hsp70 was rapidly released into the circulation after AMI. Circulating Hsp70 is suggested as a marker of myocardial damage. In addition, Hsp70 may have a role in the inflammatory response after AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dybdahl
- Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Louapre P, Grongnet JF, Tanguay RM, David JC. Effects of hypoxia on stress proteins in the piglet heart at birth. Cell Stress Chaperones 2005; 10:17-23. [PMID: 15832944 PMCID: PMC1074566 DOI: 10.1379/csc-74r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2004] [Revised: 10/06/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia at birth represents a very stressful event that can result in severe lifelong consequences in different tissues, including those of the heart. Heat shock and other associated stress proteins are involved in cellular protection, but their roles are not clearly defined at the time of birth. Newborn piglets were subjected to 5% oxygen and 95% nitrogen for either 1 or 4 hours. They were allowed to recover over periods of 1 to 68 hours. The relative levels of alphaB-crystallin, HspB8, Hsp20, Hsp27, Hsp60, and Hsp70 as well as nitric oxide synthases (NOS) (endothelial NOS, inducible NOS, neuronal NOS) were examined by Western blot analysis. Surprisingly, alphaB-crystallin expression was drastically increased in animals submitted to hypoxia. The hypoxia-associated factor HIFlalpha was also strongly and rapidly overexpressed. Heme oxygenase 1 was also increased. To a lesser extent, neuronal NOS was also increased in the left ventricle of animals submitted to hypoxia. This work clearly shows that the Hsp chaperone alphaB-crystallin is strongly overexpressed in the left ventricle of animals submitted to hypoxia. This observation dissociates the response to low oxygenation of alphaB-crystallin and other stress-associated proteins including Hsp27, and it indicates that heme oxygenase is not alone among HSPs in its oxygen-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Louapre
- AGROCAMPUS de Rennes, INRA UMRVP, 65, rue de Saint-Brieuc-CS 84215-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Heltai K, Kis Z, Burian K, Endresz V, Veres A, Ludwig E, Gönczöl E, Valyi-Nagy I. Elevated antibody levels against Chlamydia pneumoniae, human HSP60 and mycobacterial HSP65 are independent risk factors in myocardial infarction and ischaemic heart disease. Atherosclerosis 2004; 173:339-46. [PMID: 15064111 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2003] [Revised: 11/27/2003] [Accepted: 12/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The relative significance of traditional risk factors, chronic infections and autoimmune processes in the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has not been fully elucidated. We compared serum IgG antibody titres to various pathogens, i.e. Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and to the potential autoantigens human heat shock protein 60 (hHSP60) and mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 (mHSP65), in serum samples obtained from patients 3-48 h after AMI (n = 40) or stable effort angina (SEA, n = 43), and from controls (n = 46). The strongest association was observed between AMI and the elevated level of hHSP60 antibodies. The association between AMI and the level of Cpn antibodies was also significant. High levels of hHSP60 and Cpn antibodies represented independent risk factors for the development of AMI, but the simultaneous presence of high levels of antibodies to Cpn and hHSP60 suggested a joint effect on the relative risk of AMI (OR = 12.0-21.1). The antibody titres to mHSP65 were higher in the SEA group than in the controls, and the simultaneous presence of high levels of Cpn and mHSP65 antibodies meant an increased risk among the SEA patients. The antibody titres to CMV or HSV-1 were similar in the three groups. In conclusion, these results demonstrate associations of AMI with high levels of anti-hHSP60 and anti-Cpn antibodies, and of SEA with the level of anti-mHSP65 antibodies, these being independent risk factors.
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Baba HA, Wohlschlaeger J, Stubbe HD, Grabellus F, Aken HV, Schmitz KJ, Otterbach F, Schmid KW, August C, Levkau B, Hinder F. Heat shock protein 72 and apoptosis indicate cardiac decompensation during early multiple organ failure in sheep. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30:1405-13. [PMID: 14985962 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-004-2161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2003] [Accepted: 12/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inducible heat shock protein 72 (HSP 72) preserves myocardial function and prevents apoptosis. We investigated the expression and localization of HSP 72 and apoptosis in our previously described new model of multiple organ failure. DESIGN Eighteen adult-instrumented sheep and three healthy controls were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) norfenefrine-masked hypovolemia plus endotoxemia (NMH+ENDO); (b) norfenefrine-masked hypovolemia without endotoxemia (NMH); (c) recurrent endotoxemia during normovolemia (ENDO); and (d) normovolemia without endotoxemia (CONTROLS). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Hearts were analyzed by light microscopy, Western blots, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL staining. HSP 72 expression was approximately threefold increased in NMH+ENDO compared with the other groups ( p<0.05) and was localized mainly in left ventricular cardiomyocytes. HSP 72 was elevated in animals with norfenefrine-refractory shock compared to survivors ( p=0.015). TUNEL-positive cells in the left ventricle were significantly elevated in the NMH+ENDO group ( p=0.05) and correlated with HSP 72 expression (r=0.51, p=0.018). HSP 72 correlated positively with heart rate (r=0.76, p<0.0001), the prefinal hourly dose of norfenefrine (r=0.88, p<0.0001), and negatively with left ventricular stroke work index (r=-0.52, p=0.028). Double staining revealed TUNEL-positive cells with and without HSP 72 expression. Micronecroses were only detectable in NMH and NMH+ENDO without intergroup difference or correlations with hemodynamics. CONCLUSION HSP 72 overexpression and apoptosis, but not necrosis, indicate cardiovascular decompensation and poor outcome during early multiple organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo A Baba
- Institut für Pathologie, Universität Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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Zingarelli B, Hake PW, O'Connor M, Denenberg A, Wong HR, Kong S, Aronow BJ. Differential regulation of activator protein-1 and heat shock factor-1 in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury: role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003; 286:H1408-15. [PMID: 14670820 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00953.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a nuclear enzyme activated in response to DNA strand breaks, has been implicated in cell dysfunction in myocardial reperfusion injury. PARP-1 has also been shown to participate in transcription and regulation of gene expression. In this study, we investigated the role of PARP-1 on the signal transduction pathway of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) in myocardial reperfusion injury. Mice genetically deficient of PARP-1 (PARP-1(-/-) mice) exhibited a significant reduction of myocardial damage after occlusion and reperfusion of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery compared with their wild-type littermates. This cardioprotection was associated with a reduction of the phosphorylative activity of JNK and, subsequently, reduction of the DNA binding of the signal transduction factor AP-1. On the contrary, in PARP-1(-/-) mice, DNA binding of HSF-1 was enhanced and was associated with a significant increase of the cardioprotective heat shock protein (HSP)70 compared with wild-type mice. Microarray analysis revealed that expression of several AP-1-dependent genes of proinflammatory mediators and HSPs was altered in PARP-1(-/-) mice. The data indicate that PARP-1 may exert a pathological role in reperfusion injury by functioning as an enhancing factor of AP-1 activation and as a repressing factor of HSF-1 activation and HSP70 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
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47
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Chu G, Egnaczyk GF, Zhao W, Jo SH, Fan GC, Maggio JE, Xiao RP, Kranias EG. Phosphoproteome analysis of cardiomyocytes subjected to beta-adrenergic stimulation: identification and characterization of a cardiac heat shock protein p20. Circ Res 2003; 94:184-93. [PMID: 14615292 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000107198.90218.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modification of target substrates underlies biological processes through activation/inactivation of signaling cascades. To concurrently identify the phosphoprotein substrates associated with cardiac beta-adrenergic signaling, the mouse myocyte phosphoproteome was analyzed using 2-D gel electrophoresis in combination with 32P autoradiography. Phosphoprotein spots, detected by silver staining, were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in conjunction with computer-assisted protein spot matching. Stimulation with isoproterenol (1 micromol/L for 5 minutes) was associated with maximal increases in myocyte contractile parameters, and significant stimulation of the phosphorylation of troponin I (190+/-23%) and succinyl CoA synthetase (160+/-16%), whereas the phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (48+/-10%), NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (46+/-6%), heat shock protein 27 (18+/-3%), alphaB-crystallin (20+/-3%), and an unidentified 26-kDa protein (29+/-7%) was significantly decreased, compared with unstimulated cells (100%). After sustained (30 minutes) stimulation with isoproterenol, only the alterations in the phosphorylation levels of troponin I and NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase were maintained and de novo phosphorylation of a phosphoprotein (approximately 20 kDa and pI 5.5) was observed. The tryptic peptide fragments of this phosphoprotein were sequenced using postsource decay mass spectrometry, and the protein was subsequently cloned and designated as p20, based on its high sequence homology with rat and human skeletal p20. The mouse cardiac p20 contains the conserved domain sequences for heat shock proteins, and the RRAS consensus sequence for cAMP-PKA substrates. LC-MS/MS phosphorylation mapping confirmed phosphorylation of Ser16 in p20 on beta-agonist stimulation. Adenoviral gene transfer of p20 was associated with significant increases in contractility and Ca transient peak in adult rat cardiomyocytes, suggesting an important role of p20 in cardiac function. These findings suggest that cardiomyocytes undergo significant posttranslational modification via phosphorylation in a multitude of proteins to dynamically fine-tune cardiac responses to beta-adrenergic signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Calcium Signaling
- Cell Size/drug effects
- Cloning, Molecular
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry
- Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Heat-Shock Proteins/isolation & purification
- Heat-Shock Proteins/physiology
- Humans
- Isoproterenol/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle Proteins/chemistry
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle Proteins/isolation & purification
- Muscle Proteins/physiology
- Myocardial Contraction
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Proteomics
- Rats
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Chu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0575, USA
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Fleming SD, Starnes BW, Kiang JG, Stojadinovic A, Tsokos GC, Shea-Donohue T. Heat stress protection against mesenteric I/R-induced alterations in intestinal mucosa in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2002; 92:2600-7. [PMID: 12015379 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01008.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior induction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) protects against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) mucosal injury, but the ability of HSP70 to affect I/R-induced alterations in epithelial cell function is unknown. Rats subjected to whole body hyperthermia (41.5-42 degrees C for 6 min) increased HSP70 and heat shock factor 1 mRNA expression, reaching a maximum 2 h after heat stress and declining thereafter. HSP70 production was maximally elevated at 4 h after heat stress and remained elevated until after 12 h. Heat stress alone had no effect on mucosal function except to enhance secretion in response to ACh. Heat stress provided complete morphological protection against I/R-induced mucosal injury but did not confer a similar protection against I/R-induced decreases in mucosal resistance, sodium-linked glucose absorption, or tachykinin-mediated chloride secretion. Heat stress, however, attenuated the I/R-induced suppression of ACh response, and this effect was dependent on enteric nerves. Thus induction of heat shock protein 70 is associated with the preservation of mucosal architecture and attenuation of some specific functional alterations induced by I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry D Fleming
- Department of Cellular Injury, Walter Reed Army Medical Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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