1
|
Telegina TA, Vechtomova YL, Borzova VA, Buglak AA. Tetrahydrobiopterin as a Trigger for Vitiligo: Phototransformation during UV Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13586. [PMID: 37686391 PMCID: PMC10487557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a type of hypomelanosis. Tetrahydrobiopterin (H4Bip), the coenzyme of the initial stage of melanogenesis, appears to be a trigger for vitiligo. H4Bip is present in vitiligo in 3-5-fold excess and causes oxidative stress by triggering an autocatalytic cycle of excess hydrogen peroxide synthesis. Using quantum-chemical calculations, we have evaluated the possibility of H4Bip reactions occurring in the dark and under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, including the formation of dihydropterin dimers. In order to simulate the oxidative stress, oxidative modification of human serum albumin (HSA) has been carried out in the presence of excessive H4Bip using the fluorescence method. The fraction of oxidized protein (FOP) has been calculated. It has been established that there is a strong oxidative modification of amino acids chromophores (tryptophan and tyrosine) in the protein (FOP 0.64). Under UV irradiation of the system (HSA + H4Bip), FOP is reduced to 0.39. Apparently, a part of H4Bip transforms into dihydropterin dimers and does not participate in the oxidative modification of the protein. The data on oxidative modification of HSA are consistent with dynamic light scattering: H4Bip promotes HSA aggregation with the formation of particles with a hydrodynamic radius Rh ≥ 2000 nm, which can become immunogenic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taisiya A. Telegina
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.T.); (Y.L.V.); (V.A.B.)
| | - Yuliya L. Vechtomova
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.T.); (Y.L.V.); (V.A.B.)
| | - Vera A. Borzova
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.T.); (Y.L.V.); (V.A.B.)
| | - Andrey A. Buglak
- Faculty of Physics, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yokoi K, Yasumizu Y, Ohkura N, Shinzawa K, Okuzaki D, Shimoda N, Ando H, Yamada N, Fujimoto M, Tanemura A. Increased anti-oxidative action compensates for collagen tissue degeneration in vitiligo dermis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2023; 36:355-364. [PMID: 37230937 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common depigmentation disorder characterized by the selective loss of melanocytes. In our daily clinic experience, we noticed that the skin tightness of hypopigmented lesions would be more evident in comparison to that of uninvolved perilesional skin in vitiligo patients. Therefore, we hypothesized that collagen homeostasis might be maintained in vitiligo lesions, irrespective of the substantial excessive oxidative stress that occurs in association with the disease. We found that the expression levels of collagen-related genes and anti-oxidative enzymes were upregulated in vitiligo-derived fibroblasts. Abundant collagenous fibers were observed in the papillary dermis of vitiligo lesions in comparison to uninvolved perilesional skin by electron microscopy. The production of matrix metalloproteinases that degraded collagen fibers was suppressed. The deposition of acrolein adduct protein, which is a product of oxidative stress, was significantly reduced in vitiligo dermis and fibroblasts. As part of the mechanism, we found upregulation of the NRF2 signaling pathway activity, which is an important defense system against oxidative stress. Taken together, we demonstrated that the anti-oxidative action and collagen production were upregulated and that the collagen degeneration was attenuated in vitiligo dermis. These new findings may provide important clues for the maintenance of antioxidant ability in vitiligo lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Yokoi
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasumizu
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naganari Ohkura
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koei Shinzawa
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nene Shimoda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideya Ando
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nanako Yamada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Endogenous photosensitizers play a critical role in both beneficial and harmful light-induced transformations in biological systems. Understanding their mode of action is essential for advancing fields such as photomedicine, photoredox catalysis, environmental science, and the development of sun care products. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of endogenous photosensitizers in human skin, investigating the connections between their electronic excitation and the subsequent activation or damage of organic biomolecules. We gather the physicochemical and photochemical properties of key endogenous photosensitizers and examine the relationships between their chemical reactivity, location within the skin, and the primary biochemical events following solar radiation exposure, along with their influence on skin physiology and pathology. An important take-home message of this review is that photosensitization allows visible light and UV-A radiation to have large effects on skin. The analysis presented here unveils potential causes for the continuous increase in global skin cancer cases and emphasizes the limitations of current sun protection approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erick L Bastos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank H Quina
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Insights into Molecular Structure of Pterins Suitable for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315222. [PMID: 36499560 PMCID: PMC9737128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterins are an inseparable part of living organisms. Pterins participate in metabolic reactions mostly as tetrahydropterins. Dihydropterins are usually intermediates of these reactions, whereas oxidized pterins can be biomarkers of diseases. In this review, we analyze the available data on the quantum chemistry of unconjugated pterins as well as their photonics. This gives a comprehensive overview about the electronic structure of pterins and offers some benefits for biomedicine applications: (1) one can affect the enzymatic reactions of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, NO synthases, and alkylglycerol monooxygenase through UV irradiation of H4pterins since UV provokes electron donor reactions of H4pterins; (2) the emission properties of H2pterins and oxidized pterins can be used in fluorescence diagnostics; (3) two-photon absorption (TPA) should be used in such pterin-related infrared therapy because single-photon absorption in the UV range is inefficient and scatters in vivo; (4) one can affect pathogen organisms through TPA excitation of H4pterin cofactors, such as the molybdenum cofactor, leading to its detachment from proteins and subsequent oxidation; (5) metal nanostructures can be used for the UV-vis, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy detection of pterin biomarkers. Therefore, we investigated both the biochemistry and physical chemistry of pterins and suggested some potential prospects for pterin-related biomedicine.
Collapse
|
5
|
Pterin-lysine photoadduct: a potential candidate for photoallergy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1647-1657. [PMID: 35666464 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Photoallergy is a photosensitivity disorder associated with a modified ability of the skin to react to the combined effect of drugs and sunlight. It has been attributed to the covalent conjugation of proteins with a photosensitizer, yielding modified macromolecules that can act as antigen provoking the immune system response. The potential role of some endogenous compounds as photoallergens has not been fully established. It has been previously proposed that pterins, which are endogenous photosensitizers present in human skin under pathological conditions, are able to covalently bind to proteins. Here, we evaluated the capability of pterin (Ptr) to form photoadducts with free Lysine (Lys) and poly-L-lysine (poly-Lys). The findings obtained using chromatographic and spectroscopic tools, confirm the formation of photoadducts of Ptr with Lys residues. With poly-Lys the resulting adduct retains the spectroscopic properties of the photosensitizer, suggesting that the aromatic Ptr structure is conserved. On the other hand, the photoproduct formed with free Lys does not behave like Ptr, which suggests that if this product is a photoadduct, a chemical modification may have occurred during the photochemical reaction that alters the pterin moiety.
Collapse
|
6
|
Alnemari RM, Brüßler J, Keck CM. Assessing the Oxidative State of the Skin by Combining Classical Tape Stripping with ORAC Assay. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050520. [PMID: 35631347 PMCID: PMC9146784 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant barrier system of the skin acts as the main defence against environmental pro-oxidants. Impaired skin oxidative state is linked to unhealthy conditions such as skin autoimmune diseases and cancer. Thus, the evaluation of the overall oxidative state of the skin plays a key role in further understanding and prevention of these disorders. This study aims to present a novel ex vivo model to evaluate the skin oxidative state by the measurement of its antioxidant capacity (AOC). For this the ORAC assay was combined with classical tape stripping and infrared densitometry to evaluate the oxidative state of the stratum corneum (SC). Outcomes implied the suitability of the used model to determine the intrinsic antioxidant capacity (iAOC) of the skin. The average iAOC of untreated skin was determined as 140 ± 7.4 µM TE. Skin exposure to UV light for 1 h reduced the iAOC by about 17%, and exposure for 2 h decreased the iAOC by about 30%. Treatment with ascorbic acid (AA) increased the iAOC in a dose-dependent manner and reached an almost two-fold iAOC when 20% AA solution was applied on the skin. The application of coenzyme Q10 resulted in an increase in the iAOC at low doses but decreased the iAOC when doses > 1% were applied on the skin. The results show that the combination of classical tape stripping and ORAC assay is a cost-effective and versatile method to evaluate the skin oxidative state and the pro-oxidate and antioxidative effects of topical skin treatments on the iAOC of the skin. Therefore, the model can be considered to be a valuable tool in skin research.
Collapse
|
7
|
Dántola ML, Neyra Recky JR, Lorente C, Thomas AH. Photosensitized Dimerization of Tyrosine: The Oxygen Paradox †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:687-695. [PMID: 34738644 DOI: 10.1111/php.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In electron-transfer initiated photosensitization processes, molecular oxygen (O2 ) is not involved in the first bimolecular event, but almost always participates in subsequent steps giving rise to oxygenated products. An exception to this general behavior is the photosensitized dimerization of tyrosine (Tyr), where O2 does not participate as a reactant in any step of the pathway yielding Tyr dimers (Tyr2 ). In the pterin (Ptr) photosensitized oxidation of Tyr, O2 does not directly participate in the formation of Tyr2 and quenches the triplet excited state of Ptr, the reactive species that initiates the process. However, O2 is necessary for the dimerization, phenomenon that we have named as the oxygen paradox. Here, we review the literature on the photosensitized formation of Tyr2 and present results of steady-state and time resolved experiments, in search of a mechanistic model to explain the contradictory role of O2 in this photochemical reaction system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Laura Dántola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jael R Neyra Recky
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina Lorente
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés H Thomas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A model to understand type I oxidations of biomolecules photosensitized by pterins. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
9
|
Goossens JF, Thuru X, Bailly C. Properties and reactivity of the folic acid and folate photoproduct 6-formylpterin. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:1-10. [PMID: 33965562 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Folates (vitamin B9) are essential components of our diet and our gut microbiota. They are omnipresent in our cells and blood. Folates are necessary for DNA synthesis, methylation, and other vital bioprocesses. Folic acid (FA), as the synthetic form of folates, is largely found in supplements and fortified foods. FA and folate drugs are also extensively used as therapeutics. Therefore, we are continuously exposed to the pterin derivatives, and their photo-degradation products, such as 6-formylpterin (6-FPT) and pterin-6-carboxylic acid. During ultraviolet radiation, these two photolytic products generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for the cellular oxidative stress. 6-FPT can exhibit variable pro/anti-oxidative roles depending on the cell type and its environment (acting as a cell protector in normal cells, or as an enhancer of drug-induced cell death in cancer cells). The ROS-modulating capacity of 6-FPT is well-known, whereas its intrinsic reactivity has been much less investigated. Here, we have reviewed the properties of 6-FPT and highlighted its capacity to form covalent adducts with the ROS-scavenging drug edaravone (used to treat stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) as well as its implication in immune surveillance. 6-FPT and its analogue acetyl-6-FPT function as small molecule antigens, recognized by the major histocompatibility complex-related class I-like molecule, MR1, for presentation to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. As modulators of the MR1/MAIT machinery, 6-FPT derivatives could play a significant immuno-regulatory role in different diseases. This brief review shed light on the multiple properties and cellular activities of 6-FPT, well beyond its primary ROS-generating activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Goossens
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Xavier Thuru
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Douki T. Wavelengths and temporal effects on the response of mammalian cells to UV radiation: Limitations of action spectra illustrated by genotoxicity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 217:112169. [PMID: 33713895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
All photobiological events depend on the wavelength of the incident radiation. In real-life situations and in the vast majority of laboratory experiments, exposure always involves sources with various emission spectra spreading over a wide wavelength range. Action spectra are often used to describe the efficiency of a process at different wavelengths and to predict the effects of a given light source by summation of the individual effects at each wavelength. However, a full understanding of the biological effects of complex sources requires more than considering these concomitant events at each specific wavelength. Indeed, photons of different energies may not have additive but synergistic or inhibitory effects on photochemical processes and cellular responses. The evolution of a photobiological response with post-irradiation time must also be considered. These two aspects may represent some limitations to the use of action spectra. The present review, focused on mammalian cells, illustrates the concept of action spectrum and discusses its drawbacks using theoretical considerations and examples taken from the literature. Emphasis is placed on genotoxicity for which wavelength effects have been extensively studied. Other effects of UV exposure are also mentioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Douki
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Neyra Recky JR, Serrano MP, Dántola ML, Lorente C. Oxidation of tyrosine: Antioxidant mechanism of l-DOPA disclosed. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:360-367. [PMID: 33516913 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine is an amino acid related to crucial physiological events and its oxidation, that produce beneficial or detrimental effects on biological systems, has been extensively studied. Degradation of tyrosine often begins with the loss of an electron in an electron transfer reaction in the presence of a suitable electron acceptor. The reaction is facilitated by excited states of the acceptor in photosensitized processes. Several products of tyrosine oxidation have been described, the main ones being 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (commonly known as DOPA) and tyrosine dimers. Here, we report tyrosine recovery from tyrosyl radical, after one-electron oxidation, in the presence of DOPA. We propose that under high oxidative stress the oxidation of tyrosine may be controlled, in part, by one of its oxidation products. Also, we present strong evidence of antioxidant action of DOPA by preventing tyrosine dimerization, one of the most serious oxidative protein modifications, and the origin of structural modifications leading to the loss of protein functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jael R Neyra Recky
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET. Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mariana P Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET. Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Laura Dántola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET. Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina Lorente
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET. Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Malcomson T, Paterson MJ. Theoretical determination of two-photon absorption in biologically relevant pterin derivatives. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1538-1547. [PMID: 33029609 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00255k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Given the prevalence of fluorescence spectroscopy in biological systems, and the prevalence of pterin derivatives throughout biological systems, presented here is an assessment of the two-photon absorption spectroscopy as it applies to a range of the most commonly studied pterin derivatives. QR-CAMB3LYP//ccpVTZ calculations suggest that the use of two-photon spectroscopic methods would enable a more capable differentiation between closely related derivatives in comparison to the one-photon spectra, which show minimal qualitative deviation. Study of short tail derivatives shows that, in most cases, two-photon accessible states solely involve the π* LUMO as the particle orbital, with biopterin, neopterin, and 6-(hydroxymethyl)pterin presenting exceptional potential for targetting. Investigation of derivatives in which the tail contains an aromatic ring resulted in the observation of a series of two-photon accessible states involving charge transfer from the tail to the pterin moiety, the cross sections of which are highly dependent on the adoption of a planar geometry. The observation of these states presents a novel method for tracking the substitution of biologically important molecules such as folic acid and 5-methenyltetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Malcomson
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | - Martin J Paterson
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Castaño C, Thomas AH, Lorente C. Type I Photosensitized Oxidation of Methionine †. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:91-98. [PMID: 32702142 DOI: 10.1111/php.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Methionine (Met) is an essential sulfur-containing amino acid, sensitive to oxidation. The oxidation of Met can occur by numerous pathways, including enzymatic modifications and oxidative stress, being able to cause relevant alterations in protein functionality. Under UV radiation, Met may be oxidized by direct absorption (below 250 nm) or by photosensitized reactions. Herein, kinetics of the reaction and identification of products during photosensitized oxidation were analyzed to elucidate the mechanism for the degradation of Met under UV-A irradiation using pterins, pterin (Ptr) and 6-methylpterin (Mep), as sensitizers. The process begins with an electron transfer from Met to the triplet-excited state of the photosensitizer (Ptr or Mep), to yield the corresponding pair of radicals, Met radical cation (Met•+ ) and the radical anion of the sensitizer (Sens•- ). In air-equilibrated solutions, Met•+ incorporates one or two atoms of oxygen to yield methionine sulfoxide (MetO) and methionine sulfone (MetO2 ), whereas Sens•- reacts with O2 to recover the photosensitizer and generate superoxide anion (O2 •- ). In anaerobic conditions, further free-radical reactions lead to the formation of the corresponding dihydropterin derivatives (H2 Ptr or H2 Mep).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Castaño
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés H Thomas
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina Lorente
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fuentes-Lemus E, Mariotti M, Reyes J, Leinisch F, Hägglund P, Silva E, Davies MJ, López-Alarcón C. Photo-oxidation of lysozyme triggered by riboflavin is O 2-dependent, occurs via mixed type 1 and type 2 pathways, and results in inactivation, site-specific damage and intra- and inter-molecular crosslinks. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:61-73. [PMID: 32142879 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitized protein oxidation is a promising tool for medical procedures such as photochemical tissue bonding (PTB). We have recently reported that the binding of rose Bengal, a sensitizer employed in PTB, to lysozyme modulates the photooxidation and crosslinking of this protein. In this work we examined the photooxidation and crosslinking of lysozyme mediated by riboflavin (RF) an endogenous sensitizer also employed in PTB. We hypothesized that since RF does not bind strongly to proteins, the mechanism(s) and extent of enzymatic inactivation, amino acid modification and protein crosslinking would be dependent on the presence of O2, and differ to that induced by rose Bengal. This hypothesis was tested using UV-visible spectrophotometry, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), SDS-PAGE gels, quantification of amino acid consumption, and LC-MS analysis of sites of modification and crosslinks. Under N2, limited damage was detected arising from type 1 (radical) chemistry with formation of specific intra- (Tyr20-Tyr23) and inter- (Tyr23-Trp108) molecular crosslinks. In contrast, the presence of O2 triggered extensive protein damage through mixed type 1 and type 2 (1O2) mechanisms leading to Trp, Met, Tyr and His oxidation, loss of enzymatic activity and protein dimerization. LC-MS analysis provided evidence for crosslinking via radical-radical recombination reactions (Trp28-Tyr53), and secondary reactions involving nucleophilic attack of the side-chain amine of Lys116 on carbonyl groups. Overall, this behavior is in marked contrast to that detected with rose Bengal indicating that the mechanisms and sites of photo-oxidative damage, and consequences for protein function, can be modulated by the choice of sensitizing dye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile(,) Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Física, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michele Mariotti
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juan Reyes
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile(,) Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Física, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabian Leinisch
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Hägglund
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eduardo Silva
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile(,) Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Física, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael J Davies
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Camilo López-Alarcón
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile(,) Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Física, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alshiyab DM, Al-qarqaz FA, Muhaidat JM, Alkhader YS, Al-sheyab RF, Jafaar SI. Comparison of the efficacy of Tacrolimus 0.1% ointment and Tacrolimus 0.1% plus topical pseudocatalase/superoxide dismutase gel in children with limited vitiligo: a randomized controlled trial. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:146-149. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1729952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diala M. Alshiyab
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Firas A. Al-qarqaz
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Jihan M. Muhaidat
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yousef S. Alkhader
- Department of Public Health, Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ruba F. Al-sheyab
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sala I. Jafaar
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Riboflavin Plays a Pivotal Role in the UVA-Induced Cytotoxicity of Fibroblasts as a Key Molecule in the Production of H 2O 2 by UVA Radiation in Collaboration with Amino Acids and Vitamins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020554. [PMID: 31952279 PMCID: PMC7013916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate environmental factors that contribute to ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced oxidative stress, which accelerates the senescence and toxicity of skin cells, we irradiated human fibroblasts cultured in commonly used essential media with UVA and evaluated their viability and production of reactive oxygen species. The viability of fibroblasts exposed to a single dose of 3.6 J/cm2 UVA was not reduced when cultured in Hanks balanced salt solution, but it was significantly decreased when cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), which contains various amino acids and vitamins. Furthermore, cell viability was not reduced when fibroblasts were cultured in DMEM and treated with a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenger such as glutathione or catalase added after UVA irradiation. In addition, we confirmed that the production of H2O2 was dramatically increased by UVA photosensitization when riboflavin (R) coexisted with amino acids such as tryptophan (T), and found that R with folic acid (F) produced high levels of H2O2 after UVA irradiation. Furthermore, we noticed that R and F or R and T have different photosensitization mechanisms since NaN3, which is a singlet oxygen quencher, suppressed only R and T photosensitization. Lastly, we examined the effects of antioxidants (L-ascorbic acid, trolox, L-cysteine, and L-histidine), which are singlet oxygen or superoxide or H2O2 scavengers, on R and F or on R and T photosensitization, and found that 1 mM ascorbic acid, Trolox, and L-histidine were strongly photosensitized with R, and produced significant levels of H2O2 during UVA exposure. However, 1 mM L-cysteine dramatically suppressed H2O2 production by UVA photosensitization. These data suggest that a low concentration of R-derived photosensitization is elicited by different mechanisms depending on the coexisting vitamins and amino acids, and regulates cellular oxidative stress by producing H2O2 during UVA exposure.
Collapse
|
17
|
Photo-induced protein oxidation: mechanisms, consequences and medical applications. Essays Biochem 2019; 64:33-44. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Irradiation from the sun has played a crucial role in the origin and evolution of life on the earth. Due to the presence of ozone in the stratosphere most of the hazardous irradiation is absorbed, nonetheless UVB, UVA, and visible light reach the earth’s surface. The high abundance of proteins in most living organisms, and the presence of chromophores in the side chains of certain amino acids, explain why these macromolecules are principal targets when biological systems are illuminated. Light absorption triggers the formation of excited species that can initiate photo-modification of proteins. The major pathways involve modifications derived from direct irradiation and photo-sensitized reactions. In this review we explored the basic concepts behind these photochemical pathways, with special emphasis on the photosensitized mechanisms (type 1 and type 2) leading to protein oxidation, and how this affects protein structure and functions. Finally, a description of the photochemical reactions involved in some human diseases, and medical applications of protein oxidation are presented.
Collapse
|
18
|
Reid LO, Dántola ML, Petroselli G, Erra-Balsells R, Miranda MA, Lhiaubet-Vallet V, Thomas AH. Chemical Modifications of Globular Proteins Phototriggered by an Endogenous Photosensitizer. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2250-2259. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara O. Reid
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M. Laura Dántola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Petroselli
- CIHIDECAR - CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 3p, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- CIHIDECAR - CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 3p, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel A. Miranda
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Virginie Lhiaubet-Vallet
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés H. Thomas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Turkowski Y, Konnikov N. Sulfasalazine-induced generalized vitiligo in a patient with dermatitis herpetiformis and celiac disease. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e13007. [PMID: 31237078 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired idiopathic pigmentary skin disorder characterized by the development of white macules and patches due to the loss of functioning melanocytes. In this report, we describe a case of a patient with a longstanding history of dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and celiac disease that developed rapidly progressing, biopsy-confirmed generalized vitiligo after 11 months of treatment with anti-inflammatory medication sulfasalazine, prescribed for the patient's DH. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report which has demonstrated the possible biochemical pathways, triggered by sulfasalazine, in the development of vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Turkowski
- Department of Dermatology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nellie Konnikov
- Department of Dermatology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Dermatology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jowkar F, Godarzi H, Parvizi MM. Can we consider silymarin as a treatment option for vitiligo? A double-blind controlled randomized clinical trial of phototherapy plus oral Silybum marianum product versus phototherapy alone. J DERMATOL TREAT 2019; 31:256-260. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1595506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Jowkar
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Dermatology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Godarzi
- Dermatology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Parvizi
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Theoretical study of photoreactions between oxidized pterins and molecular oxygen. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
Vignoni M, Urrutia MN, Junqueira HC, Greer A, Reis A, Baptista MS, Itri R, Thomas AH. Photo-Oxidation of Unilamellar Vesicles by a Lipophilic Pterin: Deciphering Biomembrane Photodamage. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15578-15586. [PMID: 30457340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pterins are natural products that can photosensitize the oxidation of DNA, proteins, and phospholipids. Recently, a new series of decyl-chain (i.e., lipophilic) pterins were synthesized and their photophysical properties were investigated. These decyl-pterins led to efficient intercalation in large unilamellar vesicles and produced, under UVA irradiation, singlet molecular oxygen, a highly oxidative species that react with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to form hydroperoxides. Here, we demonstrate that the association of 4-(decyloxy)pteridin-2-amine ( O-decyl-Ptr) to lipid membranes is key to its ability to trigger phospholipid oxidation in unilamellar vesicles of phosphatidylcholine rich in PUFAs used as model biomembranes. Our results show that O-decyl-Ptr is at least 1 order of magnitude more efficient photosensitizer of lipids than pterin (Ptr), the unsubstituted derivative of the pterin family, which is more hydrophilic and freely passes across lipid membranes. Lipid peroxidation photosensitized by O-decyl-Ptr was detected by the formation of conjugated dienes and oxidized lipids, such as hydroxy and hydroperoxide derivatives. These primary products undergo a rapid conversion into short-chain secondary products by cleavage of the fatty-acid chains, some of which are due to subsequent photosensitized reactions. As a consequence, a fast increase in membrane permeability is observed. Therefore, lipid oxidation induced by O-decyl-Ptr could promote cell photodamage due to the biomembrane integrity loss, which in turn may trigger cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Vignoni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Dep. de Química, Fac. de Cs. Exactas , Universidad Nacional de La Plata , CCT La Plata-CONICET, CC 16, Suc. 4 , 1900 La Plata , Argentina
| | - Maria Noel Urrutia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Dep. de Química, Fac. de Cs. Exactas , Universidad Nacional de La Plata , CCT La Plata-CONICET, CC 16, Suc. 4 , 1900 La Plata , Argentina
| | - Helena C Junqueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química , Universidade de São Paulo , 05508-000 São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry , Brooklyn College, City University of New York , Brooklyn , 11210 New York , United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry , The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue , 10016 New York , New York , United States
| | - Ana Reis
- ICETA/REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Mauricio S Baptista
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química , Universidade de São Paulo , 05508-000 São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Rosangela Itri
- Institute of Physics , University of São Paulo , 05508-090 São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Andrés H Thomas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Dep. de Química, Fac. de Cs. Exactas , Universidad Nacional de La Plata , CCT La Plata-CONICET, CC 16, Suc. 4 , 1900 La Plata , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Castaño C, Serrano MP, Lorente C, Borsarelli CD, Thomas AH. Quenching of the Singlet and Triplet Excited States of Pterin by Amino Acids. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:220-226. [DOI: 10.1111/php.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Castaño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA); Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; CCT La Plata-CONICET; La Plata Argentina
| | - Mariana P. Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA); Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; CCT La Plata-CONICET; La Plata Argentina
| | - Carolina Lorente
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA); Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; CCT La Plata-CONICET; La Plata Argentina
| | - Claudio D. Borsarelli
- Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC); CONICET; Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE); Santiago del Estero Argentina
| | - Andrés H. Thomas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA); Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; CCT La Plata-CONICET; La Plata Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Transformation of 6-tetrahydrobiopterin in aqueous solutions under UV-irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
25
|
Kotb El-Sayed MI, Abd El-Ghany AA, Mohamed RR. Neural and Endocrinal Pathobiochemistry of Vitiligo: Comparative Study for a Hypothesized Mechanism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:197. [PMID: 29922226 PMCID: PMC5996913 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of vitiligo is still unclear. The aim is to investigate a neural and hormonal etio-pathology of vitiligo. Sixty acrofacial vitiligo patients were divided into two subgroups as active vitiligo patients group (AVPs; n = 35) and stable vitiligo patients group (SVP; n = 25). Forty healthy subjects without any systemic or dermatological disease were used as controls. Blood samples were collected, and the samples were used for measurement of free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, estrogen, testosterone, melatonin, and prolactin levels by ELISA, while norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (Epi), dopamine (DA), homo-vanillic acid (HVA), serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The current results showed a significant increase in plasma levels of Epi, NE, DA, HVA, serotonin, 5-HIAA, melatonin, and in serum level of TSH and prolactin either in SVP or AVP groups than the control group and in AVP than SVP group. The serum levels of fT3 and fT4 were significantly decreased either in SVP or AVP groups than the control group. A significant increase in estradiol levels was observed in females within AVP than females in either SVP or control groups. There was a significant increase in serum level of cortisol in AVP than either SVP or control group. There was a significant decrease in serum level of ACTH in either AVP or SVP than control and in AVP than SVP group. In conclusion, there are some neural and endocrine markers that play a pivotal role in pathogenesis and/or consequences of vitiligo. The abnormally disturbed levels of theses markers lead to melanocyte destruction and/or depigmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-I. Kotb El-Sayed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mohamed-I. Kotb El-Sayed,
| | - Ahmed A. Abd El-Ghany
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit Branch, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Refaat R. Mohamed
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit Branch, Assuit, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Recent Advances in Pathogenesis and Medical Management of Vitiligo. PIGMENTARY SKIN DISORDERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70419-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
27
|
Mansuri MS, Jadeja SD, Singh M, Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Begum R. The catalase gene promoter and 5'-untranslated region variants lead to altered gene expression and enzyme activity in vitiligo. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1590-1600. [PMID: 28542879 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is considered to be the initial event in the course of vitiligo. The enzyme catalase (CAT) is mainly involved in cellular defence against oxidizing agents through detoxifying H2 O2 . OBJECTIVES The aims were (i) to assess erythrocyte CAT enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels as well as CAT mRNA expression in skin and blood; (ii) to investigate CAT gene promoter rs7943316, rs1001179, 5'-untranslated region rs1049982, and exon (rs17886350, rs11032709, rs17880442, rs35677492) polymorphisms; and (iii) to perform genotype/haplotype-phenotype correlation analyses in patients with vitiligo and controls from Gujarat. METHODS CAT activity and LPO levels were measured spectrophotometrically. CAT mRNA levels were estimated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by the SYBR Green method. Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping was performed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and amplification-refractory mutation system-PCR analyses. RESULTS Patients with vitiligo showed significantly decreased CAT mRNA expression in lesional and nonlesional skin and in blood, with reduced CAT activity compared with that of controls. CAT -89A/T and -20T/C polymorphisms were significantly associated with patients, especially with active and generalized vitiligo, whereas no association was observed for -262G/A and exon polymorphisms. The A-262 T-89 C-20 haplotype with variant alleles was found to be associated with 6·4-fold risk of vitiligo. Genotype/haplotype-phenotype correlation analyses revealed that individuals with susceptible genotypes/haplotype for CAT -89A/T and -20T/C polymorphisms showed significantly decreased CAT mRNA/activity, and only -89A/T polymorphisms showed significantly increased LPO levels compared with wild-type genotypes/haplotype. CONCLUSIONS The present study proposes the crucial role of CAT and its allelic variants in oxidative stress-mediated pathogenesis of vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - S D Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - M Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - N C Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - M Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - R Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dantola ML, Reid LO, Castaño C, Lorente C, Oliveros E, Thomas AH. Photosensitization of peptides and proteins by pterin derivatives. Pteridines 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pterid-2017-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Proteins are one of the preferential targets of the photosensitized damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on biological system. Pterins belong to a family of heterocyclic compounds, which are widespread in living systems and participate in relevant biological functions. In pathological conditions, such as vitiligo, oxidized pterins accumulate in the white skin patches of patients suffering this depigmentation disorder. It is known that pterins are able to photosensitize damage in nucleotides and DNA by type I (electron transfer) and type II (singlet oxygen) mechanisms. Recently, it has been demonstrated that proteins and its components may also be damaged when solutions containing both proteins and pterin are exposed to UV-A radiation. Therefore, given the biological and medical relevance of the photosensitizing properties of these molecules, we present in this article an overview of the capability of different pterin derivatives to photoinduce damage in proteins present in the skin, focusing our attention on the chemical modifications of tyrosine and tryptophan residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Dantola
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) , Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET , Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4 , 1900 La Plata , Argentina
| | - Lara O. Reid
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) , Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET , Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4 , 1900 La Plata , Argentina
| | - Carolina Castaño
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) , Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET , Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4 , 1900 La Plata , Argentina
| | - Carolina Lorente
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) , Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET , Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4 , 1900 La Plata , Argentina
| | - Esther Oliveros
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique (IMRCP), UMR 5623-CNRS/UPS , Université Toulouse III (Paul Sabatier ), 118, route de Narbonne , F-31062 Toulouse Cédex 9 , France
| | - Andrés H. Thomas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) , Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET , Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4 , 1900 La Plata , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Singh A, Gotherwal V, Junni P, Vijayan V, Tiwari M, Ganju P, Kumar A, Sharma P, Fatima T, Gupta A, Holla A, Kar HK, Khanna S, Thukral L, Malik G, Natarajan K, Gadgil CJ, Lahesmaa R, Natarajan VT, Rani R, Gokhale RS. Mapping architectural and transcriptional alterations in non-lesional and lesional epidermis in vitiligo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9860. [PMID: 28852211 PMCID: PMC5575244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitiligo, chronic loss of melanocytes and consequent absence of melanin from the epidermis presents a challenge for long-term tissue maintenance. The stable vitiligo patches are known to attain an irreversible depigmented state. However, the molecular and cellular processes resulting in this remodeled tissue homeostasis is unclear. To investigate the complex interplay of inductive signals and cell intrinsic factors that support the new acquired state, we compared the matched lesional and non-lesional epidermis obtained from stable non-segmental vitiligo subjects. Hierarchical clustering of genome-wide expression of transcripts surprisingly segregated lesional and non-lesional samples in two distinct clades, despite the apparent heterogeneity in the lesions of different vitiligo subjects. Pathway enrichment showed the expected downregulation of melanogenic pathway and a significant downregulation of cornification and keratinocyte differentiation processes. These perturbations could indeed be recapitulated in the lesional epidermal tissue, including blunting of rete-ridges, thickening of stratum corneum and increase in the size of corneocytes. In addition, we identify marked increase in the putrescine levels due to the elevated expression of spermine/spermidine acetyl transferase. Our study provides insights into the intrinsic self-renewing ability of damaged lesional tissue to restore epidermal functionality in vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishvabandhu Gotherwal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Päivi Junni
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and ÅboAkademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Vinaya Vijayan
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Division, Pune, India
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Parul Ganju
- National Institute of Immunology, ArunaAsaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- National Institute of Immunology, ArunaAsaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanveer Fatima
- Department of Dermatology, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Aayush Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Ananthaprasad Holla
- MelanoSite, Center for Advanced Vitiligo Treatment and Collaborative Pigment Cell Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Hemanta K Kar
- Department of Dermatology, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangeeta Khanna
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Lipi Thukral
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Malik
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Chetan J Gadgil
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Division, Pune, India
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and ÅboAkademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Vivek T Natarajan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rajni Rani
- National Institute of Immunology, ArunaAsaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rajesh S Gokhale
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India. .,National Institute of Immunology, ArunaAsaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India. .,CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Division, Pune, India. .,Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Doppalapudi S, Mahira S, Khan W. Development and in vitro assessment of psoralen and resveratrol co-loaded ultradeformable liposomes for the treatment of vitiligo. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 174:44-57. [PMID: 28753523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a de-pigmenting skin disorder characterized by white patches on skin due to partial or complete loss of melanocytes. Psoralen in combination with ultraviolet-A (PUVA) acts by stimulation of melanin content and tyrosinase activity in melanocytes. Resveratrol, a sirtuin activator and a potential anti-oxidant reduce oxidative stress which is one of the triggering factors for initiation of vitiligo. Despite their therapeutic activity, weak percutaneous permeability of psoralen and poor solubility of resveratrol hinders their effective topical administration. The aim of present study is to formulate ultradeformable liposomes (UDL) co-loaded with psoralen and resveratrol for evaluation of PUVA and anti-oxidant combination in vitiligo treatment. For this purpose, UDL composed of DC-Chol, cholesterol and sodium deoxy cholate were prepared for their co-delivery. Liposomal carriers were characterized and evaluated for their efficacy using B16F10 cell line. Free radical scavenging potential was also determined for these carriers by in vitro anti-oxidant assays. Optimal co-loaded UDL with particle size ranging from 120 to 130nm, zeta potential of +46.2mV, entrapment efficiency of 74.09% (psoralen) and 76.91% (resveratrol) were obtained. Compared to control, co-loaded UDL showed significant stimulation of melanin and tyrosinase activity with major contribution of psoralen. Further, co-loaded UDL also exhibited potential free radical scavenging activity where resveratrol played a key role. Hence, psoralen and resveratrol co-loaded UDL acts in vitiligo through dual mechanisms of action viz., stimulation of melanin and tyrosinase activity as well as by anti-oxidant activity. These findings indicate that psoralen and resveratrol co-loaded UDL has the promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Doppalapudi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Shaheen Mahira
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Wahid Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kim JY, Lee EJ, Seo J, Oh SH. Impact of high-mobility group box 1 on melanocytic survival and its involvement in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:1558-1568. [PMID: 27787879 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is attributable to loss of functional melanocytes and is the most common acquired depigmenting disorder. Oxidative stress and intense ultraviolet irradiation are known to aggravate this condition. The nonhistone high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) DNA-binding protein is a physiological activator of immune responses, cellular proliferation and cell death. Although it is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and cutaneous disorders, the precise role of HMGB1 in melanocytes has yet to be studied. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the effect of HMGB1 on melanocytic survival and its involvement in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. METHODS Melanocytes were treated with recombinant HMGB1 (rHMGB1). Thereafter, apoptosis-, autophagy- and melanogenesis-related molecules were detected. Ex vivo skin organ culture was performed after rHMGB1 treatment. Also, levels of HMGB1 were examined in blood and skin specimens from patients with vitiligo. RESULTS In this study, rHMGB1 increased expression of cleaved caspase 3 and decreased melanin production and expression of melanogenesis-related molecules. rHMGB1-induced caspase 3 activation was confirmed through preincubation with a pan-caspase inhibitor. In ex vivo experiments for the confirmation of HMGB1-induced melanocyte apoptosis, melanocyte disappearance and increased caspase 3 activation were observed in rHMGB1-treated skin tissues. In Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, patients with active vitiligo showed significantly higher blood levels of HMGB1 (vs. healthy controls). Also, greater expression of HMGB1 was observed in vitiliginous skin (vs. uninvolved skin). CONCLUSIONS External stimuli (e.g. oxidative stress and ultraviolet irradiation) may trigger HMGB1 release by keratinocytes, thereby perpetuating vitiligo through HMGB1-induced melanocytic apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - E J Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Seo
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Oh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
DiScipio RM, Santiago RY, Taylor D, Crespo-Hernández CE. Electronic relaxation pathways of the biologically relevant pterin chromophore. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:12720-12729. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01574g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Femtosecond-to-microsecond transient absorption spectroscopy is used to report the ultrafast relaxation mechanism of 2-amino-1H-pteridin-4-one (pterin) for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. M. DiScipio
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Dynamics
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | - R. Y. Santiago
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Dynamics
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | - D. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Dynamics
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | - C. E. Crespo-Hernández
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Dynamics
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ramírez Rivera NG, García-Salinas C, Aragão FJL, Díaz de la Garza RI. Metabolic engineering of folate and its precursors in Mexican common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:2021-32. [PMID: 26997331 PMCID: PMC5043471 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Folate (vitamin B9) deficiency causes several health problems globally. However, folate biofortification of major staple crops is one alternative that can be used to improve vitamin intakes in populations at risk. We increased the folate levels in common bean by engineering the pteridine branch required for their biosynthesis. GTP cyclohydrolase I from Arabidopsis (AtGchI) was stably introduced into three common bean Pinto cultivars by particle bombardment. Seed-specific overexpression of AtGCHI caused significant increases of up to 150-fold in biosynthetic pteridines in the transformed lines. The pteridine boost enhanced folate levels in raw desiccated seeds by up to threefold (325 μg in a 100 g portion), which would represent 81% of the adult recommended daily allowance. Unexpectedly, the engineering also triggered a general increase in PABA levels, the other folate precursor. This was not observed in previous engineering studies and was probably caused by a feedforward mechanism that remains to be elucidated. Results from this work also show that common bean grains accumulate considerable amounts of oxidized pteridines that might represent products of folate degradation in desiccating seeds. Our study uncovers a probable different regulation of folate homoeostasis in these legume grains than that observed in other engineering works. Legumes are good sources of folates, and this work shows that they can be engineered to accumulate even greater amounts of folate that, when consumed, can improve folate status. Biofortification of common bean with folates and other micronutrients represents a promising strategy to improve the nutritional status of populations around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naty G Ramírez Rivera
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Reid LO, Roman EA, Thomas AH, Dántola ML. Photooxidation of Tryptophan and Tyrosine Residues in Human Serum Albumin Sensitized by Pterin: A Model for Globular Protein Photodamage in Skin. Biochemistry 2016; 55:4777-86. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara O. Reid
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas
(INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ernesto A. Roman
- Instituto
de Química y Físico-Químicas Biológicas
(IQUIFIB), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés H. Thomas
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas
(INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M. Laura Dántola
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas
(INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Juzeniene A, Grigalavicius M, Ma LW, Juraleviciute M. Folic acid and its photoproducts, 6-formylpterin and pterin-6-carboxylic acid, as generators of reactive oxygen species in skin cells during UVA exposure. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 155:116-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
36
|
Tinel L, Rossignol S, Ciuraru R, Dumas S, George C. Photosensitized reactions initiated by 6-carboxypterin: singlet and triplet reactivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:17105-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03119f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical and photochemical properties of 6-carboxypterin, a model compound for the pterin derivatives present at the sea surface microlayer, were studied and its singlet and triplet reactivity toward halides and selected organics demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Tinel
- Université Lyon 1
- CNRS
- UMR 5256
- IRCELYON
- Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon
| | - S. Rossignol
- Université Lyon 1
- CNRS
- UMR 5256
- IRCELYON
- Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon
| | - R. Ciuraru
- Université Lyon 1
- CNRS
- UMR 5256
- IRCELYON
- Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon
| | - S. Dumas
- Université Lyon 1
- CNRS
- UMR 5256
- IRCELYON
- Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon
| | - C. George
- Université Lyon 1
- CNRS
- UMR 5256
- IRCELYON
- Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Laura Dántola M, Zurbano BN, Thomas AH. Photoinactivation of tyrosinase sensitized by folic acid photoproducts. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 149:172-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
38
|
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder that affects 0.5% to 2% of the world population. Three different forms are classified according to the distribution of lesions; namely non-segmental, segmental and mixed vitiligo. Vitiligo is associated with polymorphisms in genes involved in the immune response and in melanogenesis. However, environmental factors are required for the development of manifest disease. In general, the diagnosis is clinical and no laboratory tests or biopsies are required. Metabolic alterations are central to current concepts in pathophysiology. They induce an increased generation of reactive oxygen species and susceptibility to mild exogenous stimuli in the epidermis. This produces a senescent phenotype of skin cells, leads to the release of innate immune molecules, which trigger autoimmunity, and ultimately causes dysfunction and death of melanocytes. Clinical management aims to halt depigmentation, and to either repigment or depigment the skin, depending on the extent of disease. New therapeutic approaches include stimulation of melanocyte differentiation and proliferation through α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogues and through epidermal stem cell engineering. Several questions remain unsolved, including the connection between melanocyte depletion and stem cell exhaustion, the underlying degenerative mechanisms and the biological mediators of cell death. Overall, vitiligo is an excellent model for studying degenerative and autoimmune processes and for testing novel approaches in regenerative medicine. For an illustrated summary of this Primer, visit: http://go.nature.com/vIhFSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Picardo
- Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO IRCCS, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria L Dell'Anna
- Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO IRCCS, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Service de Dermatologie et Dermatologie Pédiatrique, Centre de référence pour les maladies rares de la peau, INSERM 1035, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Multicultural Dermatology Center, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - John E Harris
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | | | - Alain Taieb
- Service de Dermatologie et Dermatologie Pédiatrique, Centre de référence pour les maladies rares de la peau, INSERM 1035, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Thomas AH, Zurbano BN, Lorente C, Santos J, Roman EA, Laura Dántola M. Chemical changes in bovine serum albumin photoinduced by pterin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 141:262-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
40
|
Wang X, McCoy J, Lotti T, Goren A. Topical cream delivers NB-UVB from sunlight for the treatment of vitiligo. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 15:2623-7. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2014.978287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
41
|
Karsli N, Akcali C, Ozgoztasi O, Kirtak N, Inaloz S. Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vitiligo with special emphasis on the antioxidant action of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy. J Int Med Res 2014; 42:799-805. [DOI: 10.1177/0300060513516294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and the effect of narrowband (NB) ultraviolet (UV) B phototherapy on oxidative stress markers. Methods Patients with vitiligo and healthy control subjects were included in the study. Patients in the vitiligo group were treated with an NB-UVB regimen (3 × weekly for 6 months). Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), erythrocyte malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) levels were assessed in all participants at baseline, and after NB-UVB phototherapy in patients with vitiligo. Results A total of 24 patients with vitiligo and 27 control subjects were included in the study. Before treatment, erythrocyte MDA levels were significantly higher, and SOD and GSH-Px levels were significantly lower, in patients with vitiligo compared with controls. NB-UVB phototherapy was associated with a significant reduction in MDA levels and a significant increase in GSH-Px levels, compared with baseline, in patients with vitiligo. Conclusion NB-UVB phototherapy may relieve oxidative stress in patients with vitiligo by reversing the oxidant–antioxidant imbalance that is considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cenk Akcali
- Dermatology Department, Medical School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Orhan Ozgoztasi
- Dermatology Department, Medical School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Necmettin Kirtak
- Dermatology Department, Medical School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Serhat Inaloz
- Dermatology Department, Medical School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Gani AR, Shajil EM, Begum R. Involvement of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes and their genetic variants in progression of and higher susceptibility to vitiligo. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1110-1125. [PMID: 24036105 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated as the initial triggering event in vitiligo pathogenesis leading to melanocyte destruction. Here, we report a significant increase in oxidative stress in vitiligo patients as evidenced by high lipid peroxidation levels suggesting an imbalance in the antioxidant enzyme system as reported in our previous studies. This study examined the role of the enzymatic antioxidant SOD, which converts the pro-oxidant superoxide into H2O2, in vitiligo pathogenesis. The activity of three isoforms of SOD, i.e., SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3, was significantly higher in vitiligo patients. To identify the underlying mechanism for the increase in activities of SOD isoforms, we explored the SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3 genes for their genetic variations and transcript levels. The SOD2 Thr58Ile (rs35289490) and Leu84Phe (rs11575993) polymorphisms were significantly associated with vitiligo patients, and the Val16Ala (rs4880) polymorphism was associated with active vitiligo patients. Interestingly, SOD2 activity was contributed by these polymorphisms along with its increase in transcript levels in patients. SOD3 activity was associated with the Arg213Gly (rs8192291) polymorphism. The SOD3 transcript levels were also increased in patients, which might contribute to the increased SOD3 activity. However, we could not establish the genotype-phenotype correlation for SOD1 as we could not detect any novel or reported SNPs in SOD1. In addition, both transcript and protein levels of SOD1 were unchanged between patients and controls, though SOD1 activity was increased in patients. Activities of SOD isoforms also correlated with progression of the disease as the activity was higher in active cases of vitiligo compared to stable cases. Here, we report that SOD2 and SOD3 polymorphisms may be genetic risk factors for susceptibility and progression of vitiligo and hence the genetic makeup of an individual may form a basis for the effective treatment of the disease. Overall, our results suggest that increased activity of SOD isoforms under the influence of genetic factors may lead to accumulation of H2O2 in cytoplasmic, mitochondrial, and extracellular compartments resulting in oxidative damage to the melanocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh C Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Amina R Gani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - E M Shajil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Thomas AH, Serrano MP, Rahal V, Vicendo P, Claparols C, Oliveros E, Lorente C. Tryptophan oxidation photosensitized by pterin. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 63:467-75. [PMID: 23747929 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pterins are normal components of cells and they have been previously identified as good photosensitizers under UV-A irradiation, inducing DNA damage and oxidation of nucleotides. In this work, we have investigated the ability of pterin (Ptr), the parent compound of oxidized pterins, to photosensitize the oxidation of another class of biomolecules, amino acids, using tryptophan (Trp) as a model compound. Irradiation of Ptr in the UV-A spectral range (350 nm) in aerated aqueous solutions containing Trp led to the consumption of the latter, whereas the Ptr concentration remained unchanged. Concomitantly, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was produced. Although Ptr is a singlet oxygen ((1)O₂) sensitizer, the degradation of Trp was inhibited in O₂-saturated solutions, indicating that a (1)O₂-mediated process (type II oxidation) was not an important pathway leading to Trp oxidation. By combining different analytical techniques, we could establish that a type I photooxidation was the prevailing mechanism, initiated by an electron transfer from the Trp molecule to the Ptr triplet excited state, yielding the corresponding radical ions (Trp(·+)/Trp(-H)· and Ptr(·-)). The Trp reaction products that could be identified by UPLC-mass spectrometry are in agreement with this conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés H Thomas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET, Boulevard 113 y 64, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Serrano MP, Borsarelli CD, Thomas AH. Type I photosensitization of 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-dAMP) by biopterin and its photoproduct formylpterin. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:1456-62. [PMID: 23837607 DOI: 10.1111/php.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biopterin (Bip) and its photoproducts 6-formylpterin (Fop) and 6-carboxypterin (Cap) accumulate in the skin of patients suffering from vitiligo, a chronic depigmentation disorder where the protection against UV radiation fails because of the lack of melanin. These compounds absorb in the UV-A inducing a potential photosensitizing action that can cause damage to DNA and other biomolecules. In this work, we have investigated the capability of these pterin derivatives (Pt) to act as photosensitizers under UV-A irradiation for the degradation of 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-dAMP) in aqueous solutions, as model DNA target. Steady-state and time-resolved experiments were performed and the effect of pH was evaluated. The results showed that photosensitized degradation of 5'-dAMP was only observed under acidic conditions, and a mechanistic analysis revealed the participation of the triplet excited state of the pterin derivatives ((3)Pt*) by electron transfer yielding the corresponding pair of radical ions (Pt(•-) and 5'-dAMP(•+)), with successive photosensitizer recovery by electron transfer from Pt(•-) to O2. Finally, 5'-dAMP(•+) participates in subsequent reactions to yield degradation products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Castaño C, Dántola ML, Oliveros E, Thomas AH, Lorente C. Oxidation of Tyrosine Photoinduced by Pterin in Aqueous Solution. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:1448-55. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Castaño
- Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA); Universidad Nacional de La Plata; CCT La Plata-CONICET; La Plata Argentina
| | - María L. Dántola
- Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA); Universidad Nacional de La Plata; CCT La Plata-CONICET; La Plata Argentina
| | - Esther Oliveros
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique (IMRCP); UMR 5623-CNRS/UPS; Université Toulouse III (Paul Sabatier); Toulouse Cédex France
| | - Andrés H. Thomas
- Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA); Universidad Nacional de La Plata; CCT La Plata-CONICET; La Plata Argentina
| | - Carolina Lorente
- Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA); Universidad Nacional de La Plata; CCT La Plata-CONICET; La Plata Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Mansuri MS, Gani AR, Ansarullah M, Ramachandran AV, Dalai S, Begum R. Vitiligo: interplay between oxidative stress and immune system. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:245-50. [PMID: 23425123 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a multifactorial polygenic disorder with a complex pathogenesis, linked with both genetic and non-genetic factors. The precise modus operandi for vitiligo pathogenesis has remained elusive. Theories regarding loss of melanocytes are based on autoimmune, cytotoxic, oxidant-antioxidant and neural mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in excess have been documented in active vitiligo skin. Numerous proteins in addition to tyrosinase are affected. It is possible that oxidative stress is one among the main principal causes of vitiligo. However, there also exists ample evidence for altered immunological processes in vitiligo, particularly in chronic and progressive conditions. Both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system appear to be involved as a primary event or as a secondary promotive consequence. There is speculation on the interplay, if any, between ROS and the immune system in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. The article focuses on the scientific evidences linking oxidative stress and immune system to vitiligo pathogenesis giving credence to a convergent terminal pathway of oxidative stress-autoimmunity-mediated melanocyte loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh C Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Thomas AH, Lorente C, Roitman K, Morales MM, Dántola ML. Photosensitization of bovine serum albumin by pterin: A mechanistic study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 120:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
48
|
Serrano MP, Lorente C, Vieyra FEM, Borsarelli CD, Thomas AH. Photosensitizing properties of biopterin and its photoproducts using 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate as an oxidizable target. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:11657-65. [PMID: 22825359 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41476g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UV-A radiation (320-400 nm) induces damage to the DNA molecule and its components through photosensitized reactions. Biopterin (Bip) and its photoproducts 6-formylpterin (Fop) and 6-carboxypterin (Cap) accumulate in the skin of human beings suffering from vitiligo, a depigmentation disorder where the protection against UV radiation fails because of the lack of melanin. This study was aimed to evaluate the photosensitizing properties of oxidized pterins present in the skin and to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the photosensitized oxidation of purine nucleotides by pterins in vitro. For this purpose, steady-state and time-resolved experiments in acidic (pH 5.0-5.8) aqueous solution were performed using Bip, Fop and Cap as photosensitizers and the nucleotide 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate (dGMP) as an oxidizable target. The three pterin derivatives are able to photosensitize dGMP, being Fop the most efficient sensitizer. The reactions proceed through two competing pathways: (1) electron transfer from dGMP to triplet excited-state of pterins (type I mechanism) and (2) reaction of dGMP with (1)O(2) produced by pterins (type II mechanism). Kinetic analysis revealed that the electron transfer pathway is the main mechanism and the interaction of dGMP with the triplet excited-state of pterins and the formation of the corresponding dGMP radicals were demonstrated by laser flash photolysis experiments. The biological implications of the results obtained are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Laura Dántola M, Gojanovich AD, Thomas AH. Inactivation of tyrosinase photoinduced by pterin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 424:568-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
50
|
Rate constants of quenching of the fluorescence of pterins by the iodide anion in aqueous solution. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|