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Zhu Y, Yang H, Han L, Mervin LH, Hosseini-Gerami L, Li P, Wright P, Trapotsi MA, Liu K, Fan TP, Bender A. In silico prediction and biological assessment of novel angiogenesis modulators from traditional Chinese medicine. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1116081. [PMID: 36817116 PMCID: PMC9937659 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1116081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled angiogenesis is a common denominator underlying many deadly and debilitating diseases such as myocardial infarction, chronic wounds, cancer, and age-related macular degeneration. As the current range of FDA-approved angiogenesis-based medicines are far from meeting clinical demands, the vast reserve of natural products from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers an alternative source for developing pro-angiogenic or anti-angiogenic modulators. Here, we investigated 100 traditional Chinese medicine-derived individual metabolites which had reported gene expression in MCF7 cell lines in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE85871). We extracted literature angiogenic activities for 51 individual metabolites, and subsequently analysed their predicted targets and differentially expressed genes to understand their mechanisms of action. The angiogenesis phenotype was used to generate decision trees for rationalising the poly-pharmacology of known angiogenesis modulators such as ferulic acid and curculigoside and validated by an in vitro endothelial tube formation assay and a zebrafish model of angiogenesis. Moreover, using an in silico model we prospectively examined the angiogenesis-modulating activities of the remaining 49 individual metabolites. In vitro, tetrahydropalmatine and 1 beta-hydroxyalantolactone stimulated, while cinobufotalin and isoalantolactone inhibited endothelial tube formation. In vivo, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rc, 1 beta-hydroxyalantolactone and surprisingly cinobufotalin, restored angiogenesis against PTK787-induced impairment in zebrafish. In the absence of PTK787, deoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid did not affect angiogenesis. Despite some limitations, these results suggest further refinements of in silico prediction combined with biological assessment will be a valuable platform for accelerating the research and development of natural products from traditional Chinese medicine and understanding their mechanisms of action, and also for other traditional medicines for the prevention and treatment of angiogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Zhu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Science Informatics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hongbin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Science Informatics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Liwen Han
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lewis H. Mervin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Science Informatics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Layla Hosseini-Gerami
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Science Informatics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peihai Li
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Peter Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Science Informatics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria-Anna Trapotsi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Science Informatics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kechun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Tai-Ping Fan, ; Andreas Bender,
| | - Andreas Bender
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Science Informatics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Tai-Ping Fan, ; Andreas Bender,
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Thiele M, Donnelly SC, Mitchell RA. OxMIF: a druggable isoform of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in cancer and inflammatory diseases. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005475. [PMID: 36180072 PMCID: PMC9528626 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine with a pleiotropic spectrum of biological functions implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and inflammatory diseases. MIF is constitutively present in several cell types and non-lymphoid tissues and is secreted after acute stress or inflammation. MIF triggers the release of proinflammatory cytokines, overrides the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids, and exerts chemokine function, resulting in increased migration and recruitment of leukocytes into inflamed tissue. Despite this, MIF is a challenging target for therapeutic intervention because of its ubiquitous nature and presence in the circulation and tissue of healthy individuals. Oxidized MIF (oxMIF) is an immunologically distinct disease-related structural isoform found in the plasma and tissues of patients with inflammatory diseases and in solid tumor tissues. MIF converts to oxMIF in an oxidizing, inflammatory environment. This review discusses the biology and activity of MIF and the potential for autoimmune disease and cancer modification by targeting oxMIF. Anti-oxMIF antibodies reduce cancer cell invasion/migration, angiogenesis, proinflammatory cytokine production, and ERK and AKT activation. Anti-oxMIF antibodies also elicit apoptosis and alter immune cell function and/or migration. When co-administered with a glucocorticoid, anti-oxMIF antibodies produced a synergistic response in inflammatory models. Anti-oxMIF antibodies therefore counterregulate biological activities attributed to MIF. oxMIF expression has been observed in inflammatory diseases (eg, sepsis, psoriasis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus) and oxMIF has been detected in ovarian, colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancers. In contrast to MIF, oxMIF is specifically detected in plasma and/or tissues of diseased patients, but not in healthy individuals. Therefore, as a druggable isoform of MIF, oxMIF represents a potential new therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Fully human, monoclonal anti-oxMIF antibodies have been shown to selectively bind oxMIF in preclinical and phase I studies; however, additional clinical assessments are necessary to validate their use as either a monotherapy or in combination with standard-of-care regimens (ie, immunomodulatory agents/checkpoint inhibitors, anti-angiogenic drugs, chemotherapeutics, and glucocorticoids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thiele
- Biology Research, OncoOne Research & Development GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Seamas C Donnelly
- Department of Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert A Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Surgery, J.G. Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Division of Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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3
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He D, Gao J, Zheng L, Liu S, Ye L, Lai H, Pan B, Pan W, Lou C, Chen Z, Fan S. TGF‑β inhibitor RepSox suppresses osteosarcoma via the JNK/Smad3 signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2021; 59:84. [PMID: 34533199 PMCID: PMC8460063 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor and the long-term survival rates remain unsatisfactory. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been revealed to play a crucial role in OS progression, and RepSox is an effective TGF-β inhibitor. In the present study, the effect of RepSox on the proliferation of the OS cell lines (HOS and 143B) was detected. The results revealed that RepSox effectively inhibited the proliferation of OS cells by inducing S-phase arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of RepSox on cell migration and invasion was confirmed by wound-healing and Transwell assays. Furthermore, western blotting revealed that the protein levels of molecules associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, were reduced by RepSox treatment. Concurrently, it was also revealed that the JNK and Smad3 signaling pathway was inhibited. Our in vivo findings using a xenograft model also revealed that RepSox markedly inhibited the growth of tumors. In general, our data demonstrated that RepSox suppressed OS proliferation, EMT and promoted apoptosis by inhibiting the JNK/Smad3 signaling pathway. Thus, RepSox may be a potential anti-OS drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengwei He
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Hehuan Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Wenzheng Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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Klemke L, De Oliveira T, Witt D, Winkler N, Bohnenberger H, Bucala R, Conradi LC, Schulz-Heddergott R. Hsp90-stabilized MIF supports tumor progression via macrophage recruitment and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:155. [PMID: 33542244 PMCID: PMC7862487 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an upstream regulator of innate immunity, but its expression is increased in some cancers via stabilization with HSP90-associated chaperones. Here, we show that MIF stabilization is tumor-specific in an acute colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) mouse model, leading to tumor-specific functions and selective therapeutic vulnerabilities. Therefore, we demonstrate that a Mif deletion reduced CRC tumor growth. Further, we define a dual role for MIF in CRC tumor progression. Mif deletion protects mice from inflammation-associated tumor initiation, confirming the action of MIF on host inflammatory pathways; however, macrophage recruitment, neoangiogenesis, and proliferative responses are reduced in Mif-deficient tumors once the tumors are established. Thus, during neoplastic transformation, the function of MIF switches from a proinflammatory cytokine to an angiogenesis promoting factor within our experimental model. Mechanistically, Mif-containing tumor cells regulate angiogenic gene expression via a MIF/CD74/MAPK axis in vitro. Clinical correlation studies of CRC patients show the shortest overall survival for patients with high MIF levels in combination with CD74 expression. Pharmacological inhibition of HSP90 to reduce MIF levels decreased tumor growth in vivo, and selectively reduced the growth of organoids derived from murine and human tumors without affecting organoids derived from healthy epithelial cells. Therefore, novel, clinically relevant Hsp90 inhibitors provide therapeutic selectivity by interfering with tumorigenic MIF in tumor epithelial cells but not in normal cells. Furthermore, Mif-depleted colonic tumor organoids showed growth defects compared to wild-type organoids and were less susceptible toward HSP90 inhibitor treatment. Our data support that tumor-specific stabilization of MIF promotes CRC progression and allows MIF to become a potential and selective therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Klemke
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago De Oliveira
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daria Witt
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Richard Bucala
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Epidemiology & Public Health, Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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5
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An HJ, Koh HM, Lee JS, Song DH. Prognostic role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23277. [PMID: 33327252 PMCID: PMC7738049 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine that mediates the interaction between malignant cells and the innate immune system. Recently, MIF has received attention for its role in tumorigenesis. We evaluated the prognostic role of MIF in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC).A total of 152 patients, who underwent nephrectomy for CCRCC were enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarray blocks containing 298 cores-2 cores per CCRCC patient was performed. The relationship between MIF expression and clinicopathological factors was evaluated. Total RNA and protein were extracted from 7 RCC (renal cell carcinoma) cell lines. MIF was knocked down in Caki-2 cells, and a wound healing assay was performed to evaluate migratory activity.Among the 298 cores, 180 (60.4%) were positive for MIF. Multivariate analysis, showed that, CCRCC patients with negative MIF expression exhibited poor disease-free survival (hazard ratio: 2.087, 95% confidence interval: 0.821-5.307, P value: .023) and poor disease-specific survival (hazard ratio: 2.101, 95% confidence interval: 1.009-4.374, P value: .047). The wound healing assay revealed that cell confluence was lower in MIF-deficient Caki-2 cells than in control cells.Negative MIF expression might be an independent prognostic marker for patients with CCRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung An
- Department of pathology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Min Koh
- Department of pathology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon
| | - Jong Sil Lee
- Department of pathology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Song
- Department of pathology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, South Korea
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6
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Loh IP, Sherwin T. Is Keratoconus an Inflammatory Disease? The Implication of Inflammatory Pathways. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 30:246-255. [PMID: 32791016 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1780271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Keratoconus is considered a non-inflammatory condition. Recently however, increased proinflammatory cytokines have been detected in the tears of keratoconic patients and clinical and immunohistochemical observations reported infiltration of matured dendritic cells and leukocytes. Our laboratory utilized cytokine antibody arrays to elucidate the inflammatory aspects of keratoconus. METHODS Protein was extracted from 42 corneal buttons (14 keratoconic and 28 non-keratoconic) and incubated with cytokine antibody arrays scanning 120 cytokines. Mann Whitney U test with a p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Pathways for wound healing, neuroprotection, angiogenesis, and inflammation were activated in keratoconic samples with 23 cytokines showing significant elevation. Fifteen were expressed only in keratoconus with 8 cytokines elevated 1.7-42-fold. CONCLUSION This study identified elevated inflammatory pathways covering immune responses in keratoconus. Our results support the evidence for inflammatory pathway activation in keratoconus and a possible redefinition of keratoconus as a chronic inflammatory corneal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ping Loh
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Trevor Sherwin
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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7
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Xiao Z, Fokkens M, Chen D, Kok T, Proietti G, van Merkerk R, Poelarends GJ, Dekker FJ. Structure-activity relationships for binding of 4-substituted triazole-phenols to macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Eur J Med Chem 2020; 186:111849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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8
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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Promotes the Interaction between the Tumor, Macrophages, and T Cells to Regulate the Progression of Chemically Induced Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:2056085. [PMID: 31360118 PMCID: PMC6652048 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2056085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) development has been shown to be related to chronically enhanced inflammation. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an inflammatory mediator that favors inflammatory cytokine production and has chemotactic properties for the recruitment of macrophages (Møs) and T cells. Here, we investigated the role of MIF in the inflammatory response and recruitment of immune cells in a murine model of chemical carcinogenesis to establish the impact of MIF on CRC genesis and malignancy. We used BALB/c MIF-knockout (MIF-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice to develop CRC by administering intraperitoneal (i.p.) azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water. Greater tumor burdens were observed in MIF-/- mice than in WT mice. Tumors from MIF-/- mice were histologically identified to be more aggressive than tumors from WT mice. The localization of MIF suggests that it is also involved in cell differentiation. The relative gene expression of il-17, measured by real-time PCR, was higher in MIF-/- CRC mice, compared to the WT CRC and healthy MIF-/- mice. Importantly, compared to the WT intestinal epithelium, lower percentages of tumor-associated Møs were found in the MIF-/- intestinal epithelium. These results suggest that MIF plays a role in controlling the initial development of CRC by attracting Møs to the tumor, which is a condition that favors the initial antitumor responses.
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Cheon SK, Kim HP, Park YL, Jang JE, Lim Y, Song SH, Han SW, Kim TY. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes resistance to MEK blockade in KRAS mutant colorectal cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1398-1409. [PMID: 29896883 PMCID: PMC6068346 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although MEK blockade has been highlighted as a promising antitumor drug, it has poor clinical efficacy in KRAS mutant colorectal cancer (CRC). Several feedback systems have been described in which inhibition of one intracellular pathway leads to activation of a parallel signaling pathway, thereby decreasing the effectiveness of single‐MEK targeted therapies. Here, we investigated a bypass mechanism of resistance to MEK inhibition in KRAS CRC. We found that KRAS mutant CRC cells with refametinib, MEK inhibitor, induced MIF secretion and resulted in activation of STAT3 and MAPK. MIF knockdown by siRNA restored sensitivity to refametinib in KRAS mutant cells. In addition, combination with refametinib and 4‐IPP, a MIF inhibitor, effectively reduced the activity of STAT3 and MAPK, more than single‐agent treatment. As a result, combined therapy was found to exhibit a synergistic growth inhibitory effect against refametinib‐resistant cells by inhibition of MIF activation. These results reveal that MIF‐induced STAT3 and MAPK activation evoked an intrinsic resistance to refametinib. Our results provide the basis for a rational combination strategy against KRAS mutant colorectal cancers, predicated on the understanding of cross talk between the MEK and MIF pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Ki Cheon
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Hwang-Phill Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Ye-Lim Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Jee-Eun Jang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Yoojoo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Sae-Won Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Tae-You Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
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10
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Characterization of a secreted macrophage migration inhibitory factor homologue of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus Contortus acting at the parasite-host cell interface. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40052-40064. [PMID: 28402951 PMCID: PMC5522239 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation and suppression of the immune response of the host by nematode parasites have been reported extensively and the migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is identified as one of the major immunomodulator. In the present study, we cloned and produced recombinant MIF protein from the small ruminant’s nematode parasite Haemonchus contortus (rHCMIF-1), and investigated its immunomodulatory effects on goat monocyte. Enzymatic assays indicated that rHCMIF-1 possessed tautomerase activity. Immunohistochemical test demonstrated that the native HCMIF-1 protein was predominantly localized at the body surface and internal surface of the worm’s gut. We demonstrated that rHCMIF-1 could be distinguished by antisera from goats experimentally infected with H. contortus and could bind by goat monocytes. The immunomodulatory effects of HCMIF-1 on cytokine secretion, MHC molecule expression, NO production and phagocytosis were observed by co-incubation of rHCMIF-1 with goat monocytes. The results showed that the interaction of rHCMIF-1 decreased the production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12p40, where as, it significantly increased the secretion of IL-10 and TGF β in goat monocytes. After rHCMIF-1 exposure, the expression of MHC-II on goat monocytes was inhibited. Moreover, rHCMIF-1 could down-regulate the LPS induced NO production of goat monocytes. Phagocytotic assay by FITC-dextran internalization showed that rHCMIF-1 could inhibit the phagocytosis of goat monocytes. Our findings provided potential targetas immunoregulator, and will be helpful to elucidate the molecular basis of host–parasite interactions and search for new potential protein as vaccine and drug target candidate.
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11
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Oxidized macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a potential new tissue marker and drug target in cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73486-73496. [PMID: 27636991 PMCID: PMC5341993 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine, which was shown to be upregulated in cancers and to exhibit tumor promoting properties. Unlike other cytokines, MIF is ubiquitously present in the circulation and tissue of healthy subjects. We recently described a previously unrecognized, disease-related isoform of MIF, designated oxMIF, which is present in the circulation of patients with different inflammatory diseases. In this article, we report that oxMIF is also linked to different solid tumors as it is specifically expressed in tumor tissue from patients with colorectal, pancreatic, ovarian and lung cancer. Furthermore, oxMIF can be specifically targeted by a subset of phage display-derived fully human, monoclonal anti-MIF antibodies (mAbs) that were shown to neutralize pro-tumorigenic activities of MIF in vivo. We further demonstrate that anti-oxMIF mAbs sensitize human cancer cell lines (LNCaP, PC3, A2780 and A2780ADR) to the action of cytotoxic drugs (mitoxantrone, cisplatin and doxorubicin) in vitro and in an A2780 xenograft mouse model of ovarian cancer. We conclude that oxMIF is the disease related isoform of MIF in solid tumors and a potential new diagnostic marker and drug target in cancer.
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12
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Kim MJ, Kim WS, Kim DO, Byun JE, Huy H, Lee SY, Song HY, Park YJ, Kim TD, Yoon SR, Choi EJ, Ha H, Jung H, Choi I. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor interacts with thioredoxin-interacting protein and induces NF-κB activity. Cell Signal 2017; 34:110-120. [PMID: 28323005 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway is pivotal in controlling survival and apoptosis of cancer cells. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a cytokine that regulates the immune response and tumorigenesis under inflammatory conditions, is upregulated in various tumors. However, the intracellular functions of MIF are unclear. In this study, we found that MIF directly interacted with thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a tumor suppressor and known inhibitor of NF-κB activity, and MIF significantly induced NF-κB activation. MIF competed with TXNIP for NF-κB activation, and the intracellular MIF induced NF-κB target genes, including c-IAP2, Bcl-xL, ICAM-1, MMP2 and uPA, by inhibiting the interactions between TXNIP and HDACs or p65. Furthermore, we identified the interaction motifs between MIF and TXNIP via site-directed mutagenesis of their cysteine (Cys) residues. Cys57 and Cys81 of MIF and Cys36 and Cys120 of TXNIP were responsible for the interaction. MIF reversed the TXNIP-induced suppression of cell proliferation and migration. Overall, we suggest that MIF induces NF-κB activity by counter acting the inhibitory effect of TXNIP on the NF-κB pathway via direct interaction with TXNIP. These findings reveal a novel intracellular function of MIF in the progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Kim
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sam Kim
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Oh Kim
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Byun
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangsak Huy
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yun Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Song
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Choi
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Elshabrawy HA, Chen Z, Volin MV, Ravella S, Virupannavar S, Shahrara S. The pathogenic role of angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis. Angiogenesis 2015; 18:433-48. [PMID: 26198292 PMCID: PMC4879881 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-015-9477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vasculature, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthropathies, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and atherosclerosis. In RA, excessive migration of circulating leukocytes into the inflamed joint necessitates formation of new blood vessels to provide nutrients and oxygen to the hypertrophic joint. The dominance of the pro-angiogenic factors over the endogenous angiostatic mediators triggers angiogenesis. In this review article, we highlight the underlying mechanisms by which cells present in the RA synovial tissue are modulated to secrete pro-angiogenic factors. We focus on the significance of pro-angiogenic factors such as growth factors, hypoxia-inducible factors, cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and adhesion molecules on RA pathogenesis. As pro-angiogenic factors are primarily produced from RA synovial tissue macrophages and fibroblasts, we emphasize the key role of RA synovial tissue lining layer in maintaining synovitis through neovascularization. Lastly, we summarize the specific approaches utilized to target angiogenesis. We conclude that the formation of new blood vessels plays an indispensable role in RA progression. However, since the function of several pro-angiogenic mediators is cross regulated, discovering novel approaches to target multiple cascades or selecting an upstream cascade that impairs the activity of a number of pro-angiogenic factors may provide a promising strategy for RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem A Elshabrawy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, MSB 835 S Wolcott Ave., E807-E809, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Zhenlong Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, MSB 835 S Wolcott Ave., E807-E809, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Michael V Volin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Shalini Ravella
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, MSB 835 S Wolcott Ave., E807-E809, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shanti Virupannavar
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, MSB 835 S Wolcott Ave., E807-E809, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shiva Shahrara
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, MSB 835 S Wolcott Ave., E807-E809, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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14
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Zhang X, Mu L. Association between macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the endometrium and estrogen in endometriosis. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:787-791. [PMID: 26622394 PMCID: PMC4509047 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has a possible role in endometriosis-related pain and infertility, yet it has not been explored whether the mRNA level of MIF is altered in endometrial tissues from patients with endometriosis. The aim of the present study was to compare the expression of MIF in endometrial tissues from women with and without endometriosis, and to analyze the association between endometrial MIF expression and 17β-estradiol (E2). The protein and mRNA expression of MIF in the human endometrial tissue was assessed by western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively. The MIF expression of women with endometriosis was found to be significantly higher than that of the controls. A positive correlation was noted between the serum E2 level and MIF expression. In endometrial cells from women with endometriosis, the level of E2-induced MIF upregulation was significantly higher than that in cells from women without endometriosis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a significant increase in MIF expression in the endometrial tissues of women with endometriosis and an association between MIF expression and E2 level. MIF expression in endometrial cells from patients with endometriosis showed an increased sensitivity to stimulation by E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Mu
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
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15
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Gordon-Weeks AN, Lim SY, Yuzhalin AE, Jones K, Muschel R. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a key cytokine and therapeutic target in colon cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:451-61. [PMID: 25882738 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was one of the first cytokines to be discovered, over 40 years ago. Since that time a burgeoning interest has developed in the role that MIF plays in both the regulation of normal physiology and the response to pathology. MIF is a pleotropic cytokine that functions to promote inflammation, drive cellular proliferation, inhibit apoptosis and regulate the migration and activation state of immune cells. These functions are particularly relevant for the development of cancer and it is notable that various solid tumours over express MIF. This includes tumours of the gastrointestinal tract and MIF appears to play a particularly prominent role in the development and progression of colonic adenocarcinoma. Here we review the role that MIF plays in colonic carcinogenesis through the promotion of colonic inflammation, as well as the progression of primary and metastatic colon cancer. The recent development of various antagonists and antibodies that inhibit MIF activity indicates that we may soon be able to classify MIF as a therapeutic target in colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Gordon-Weeks
- CRUK/MRC Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology & Biology, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - S Y Lim
- CRUK/MRC Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology & Biology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - A E Yuzhalin
- CRUK/MRC Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology & Biology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - K Jones
- CRUK/MRC Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology & Biology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - R Muschel
- CRUK/MRC Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology & Biology, University of Oxford, UK
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16
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Janus-faces of NME-oncoprotein interactions. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 388:175-87. [PMID: 25366701 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of Nm23 (NME1, NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1) as the first non-metastatic protein, a great deal of research on members of the NME family of proteins has focused on roles in processes implicated in carcinogenesis and particularly their regulation of cellular motility and the process of metastatic spread. To date, there are ten identified members of this family of genes, and these can be dichotomized into groups both taxonomically and by the presence or absence of their nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity with NMEs 1-4 encoding nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs) and NMEs 5-9 plus RP2 displaying little if any NDPK activity. NMEs are relatively small proteins that can form hetero-oligomers (typically hexamers), and given the apparent genetic redundancy of some NMEs and the number of different isoforms, it is perhaps not surprising that there remains a great deal of uncertainty regarding their function and even more regarding cellular mechanisms of action. Since residues that contribute to NDPK activity span much of the protein, it seems likely that the consequences of NME expression must be mediated through their NDPK activity, through interactions with other structures in cells including protein-protein interactions or through combinations of these. Our goal in this review is to focus on some of the protein-protein interactions that have been identified and to highlight some of the challenges that face this area of research.
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17
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Banerjee S, Jha HC, Robertson ES. Regulation of the metastasis suppressor Nm23-H1 by tumor viruses. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 388:207-24. [PMID: 25199839 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the most common cause of cancer mortality. To increase the survival of patients, it is necessary to develop more effective methods for treating as well as preventing metastatic diseases. Recent advancement of knowledge in cancer metastasis provides the basis for development of targeted molecular therapeutics aimed at the tumor cell or its interaction with the host microenvironment. Metastasis suppressor genes (MSGs) are promising targets for inhibition of the metastasis process. During the past decade, functional significance of these genes, their regulatory pathways, and related downstream effector molecules have become a major focus of cancer research. Nm23-H1, first in the family of Nm23 human homologues, is a well-characterized, anti-metastatic factor linked with a large number of human malignancies. Mounting evidence to date suggests an important role for Nm23-H1 in reducing virus-induced tumor cell motility and migration. A detailed understanding of the molecular association between oncogenic viral antigens with Nm23-H1 may reveal the underlying mechanisms for tumor virus-associated malignancies. In this review, we will focus on the recent advances to our understanding of the molecular basis of oncogenic virus-induced progression of tumor metastasis by deregulation of Nm23-H1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvomoy Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 201E Johnson Pavilion, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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18
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Ioannou K, Cheng KF, Crichlow GV, Birmpilis AI, Lolis EJ, Tsitsilonis OE, Al-Abed Y. ISO-66, a novel inhibitor of macrophage migration, shows efficacy in melanoma and colon cancer models. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1457-68. [PMID: 25050663 PMCID: PMC4432716 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine, which possesses a contributing role in cancer progression and metastasis and, thus, is now considered a promising anticancer drug target. Many MIF-inactivating strategies have proven successful in delaying cancer growth. Here, we report on the synthesis of ISO-66, a novel, highly stable, small-molecule MIF inhibitor, an analog of ISO-1 with improved characteristics. The MIF:ISO-66 co-crystal structure demonstrated that ISO-66 ligates the tautomerase active site of MIF, which has previously been shown to play an important role in its biological functions. In vitro, ISO-66 enhanced specific and non-specific anticancer immune responses, whereas prolonged administration of ISO-66 in mice with established syngeneic melanoma or colon cancer was non-toxic and resulted in a significant decrease in tumor burden. Subsequent ex vivo analysis of mouse splenocytes revealed that the observed decrease in tumor growth rates was likely mediated by the selective in vivo expansion of antitumor-reactive effector cells induced by ISO-66. Compared to other MIF-inactivating strategies employed in vivo, the anticancer activity of ISO-66 is demonstrated to be of equal or better efficacy. Our findings suggest that targeting MIF, via highly specific and stable compounds, such as ISO-66, may be effective for cancer treatment and stimulation of anticancer immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Ioannou
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Kai Fan Cheng
- Center for Molecular Innovation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Gregg V Crichlow
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Anastasios I Birmpilis
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Elias J Lolis
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ourania E Tsitsilonis
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Center for Molecular Innovation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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19
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Opposing roles of leptin and ghrelin in the equine corpus luteum regulation: an in vitro study. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:682193. [PMID: 25125800 PMCID: PMC4122068 DOI: 10.1155/2014/682193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic hormones have been associated with reproductive function modulation. Thus, the aim of this study was: (i) to characterize the immunolocalization, mRNA and protein levels of leptin (LEP), Ghrelin (GHR) and respective receptors LEPR and Ghr-R1A, throughout luteal phase; and (ii) to evaluate the role of LEP and GHR on progesterone (P4), prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGF2α, nitric oxide (nitrite), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF); macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) secretion, and on angiogenic activity (BAEC proliferation), in equine corpus luteum (CL) from early and mid-luteal stages. LEPR expression was decreased in late CL, while GHR/Ghr-R1A system was increased in the same stage. Regarding secretory activity, GHR decreased P4 in early CL, but increased PGF2α, nitrite and TNF in mid CL. Conversely, LEP increased P4, PGE2, angiogenic activity, MIF, TNF and nitrite during early CL, in a dose-dependent manner. The in vitro effect of LEP on secretory activity was reverted by GHR, when both factors acted together. The present results evidence the presence of LEP and GHR systems in the equine CL. Moreover, we suggest that LEP and GHR play opposing roles in equine CL regulation, with LEP supporting luteal establishment and GHR promoting luteal regression. Finally, a dose-dependent luteotrophic effect of LEP was demonstrated.
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20
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Pei XJ, Wu TT, Li B, Tian XY, Li Z, Yang QX. Increased expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and DJ-1 contribute to cell invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:106-15. [PMID: 24396292 PMCID: PMC3880997 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.7264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Both macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and DJ-1 protein have been shown to relate with cell invasion and metastasis in tumors. However, the role of DJ-1 in invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its relation to MIF expression in NPC are not fully understood. The aim of present study is to determine whether or not MIF and DJ-1 are correlated with tumor invasion and influence a worse outcome in NPC, as well as its related mechanism. METHODS 125 cases of NPC and 45 normal tissues of nasopharynx were collected. The expression of MIF and DJ-1 in tissue microarray was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Correlation between immunostainings and clinicopathological parameters, as well as the follow-up data of patients, was analyzed statistically. The association of MIF and DJ-1 with cell invasion and migration in NPC cell line were evaluated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, invasion assay and Western blotting. RESULTS MIF and DJ-1 staining was diffused and strong in tumor cells, whereas they were generally weaker and less common in normal lining epithelia of nasopharynx. High MIF expression in tumor cells (71.2%, 89/125 cases) were significantly associated with advanced clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and worse prognosis of NPC patients. High expression of DJ-1 (75.2%, 94/125 cases) were closely correlated to lymph node metastasis and MIF high-expression. Only MIF high expression (P = 0.010) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.004) emerged as strong independent prognostic factors for overall survival of NPC patients. In vitro, down-regulated expression of DJ-1 in NPC cell lines by siRNA was observed to reduce cell migration and invasion potential, however, exogenous MIF promoted cells invasion. CONCLUSIONS The data provided evidence that increased expression of MIF and DJ-1 induced cell invasion and metastasis of NPC, supporting the idea that MIF and DJ-1 may play important roles as regulators in the progression of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Pei
- 1. Department of Pathology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 Eling Road North, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Tong-Tong Wu
- 1. Department of Pathology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 Eling Road North, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Bin Li
- 2. Department of pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Tian
- 3. School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi Li
- 2. Department of pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qing-Xu Yang
- 1. Department of Pathology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 Eling Road North, Huizhou 516001, China
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Tillmann S, Bernhagen J, Noels H. Arrest Functions of the MIF Ligand/Receptor Axes in Atherogenesis. Front Immunol 2013; 4:115. [PMID: 23720662 PMCID: PMC3655399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been defined as an important chemokine-like function (CLF) chemokine with an essential role in monocyte recruitment and arrest. Adhesion of monocytes to the vessel wall and their transendothelial migration are critical in atherogenesis and many other inflammatory diseases. Chemokines carefully control all steps of the monocyte recruitment process. Those chemokines specialized in controlling arrest are typically immobilized on the endothelial surface, mediating the arrest of rolling monocytes by chemokine receptor-triggered pathways. The chemokine receptor CXCR2 functions as an important arrest receptor on monocytes. An arrest function has been revealed for the bona fide CXCR2 ligands CXCL1 and CXCL8, but genetic studies also suggested that additional arrest chemokines are likely to be involved in atherogenic leukocyte recruitment. While CXCR2 is known to interact with numerous CXC chemokine ligands, the CLF chemokine MIF, which structurally does not belong to the CXC chemokine sub-family, was surprisingly identified as a non-cognate ligand of CXCR2, responsible for critical arrest functions during the atherogenic process. MIF was originally identified as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (this function being eponymous), but is now known as a potent inflammatory cytokine with CLFs including chemotaxis and leukocyte arrest. This review will cover the mechanisms underlying these functions, including MIF’s effects on LFA1 integrin activity and signal transduction, and will discuss the structural similarities between MIF and the bona fide CXCR2 ligand CXCL8 while emphasizing the structural differences. As MIF also interacts with CXCR4, a chemokine receptor implicated in CXCL12-elicited lymphocyte arrest, the arrest potential of the MIF/CXCR4 axis will also be scrutinized as well as the recently identified role of pericyte MIF in attracting leukocytes exiting through venules as part of the pericyte “motility instruction program.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Tillmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Aachen, Germany
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22
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Hussain F, Freissmuth M, Völkel D, Thiele M, Douillard P, Antoine G, Thurner P, Ehrlich H, Schwarz HP, Scheiflinger F, Kerschbaumer RJ. Human anti-macrophage migration inhibitory factor antibodies inhibit growth of human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:1223-34. [PMID: 23619302 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine, originally discovered for its eponymous effect and now known for pleiotropic biologic properties in immunology and oncology. Circulating MIF levels are elevated in several types of human cancer including prostate cancer. MIF is released presumably by both stromal and tumor cells and enhances malignant growth and metastasis by diverse mechanisms, such as stimulating tumor cell proliferation, suppressing apoptotic death, facilitating invasion of the extracellular matrix, and promoting angiogenesis. Recently described fully human anti-MIF antibodies were tested in vitro and in vivo for their ability to influence growth rate and invasion of the human PC3 prostate cancer cell line. In vitro, the selected candidate antibodies BaxG03, BaxB01, and BaxM159 reduced cell growth and viability by inhibiting MIF-induced phosphorylation of the central kinases p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase [extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 (ERK1/2)] and protein kinase B (AKT). Incubation of cells in the presence of the antibodies also promoted activation of caspase-3/7. The antibodies furthermore inhibited MIF-promoted invasion and chemotaxis as transmigration through Matrigel along a MIF gradient was impaired. In vivo, pharmacokinetic parameters (half-life, volume of distribution, and bioavailability) of the antibodies were determined and a proof-of-concept was obtained in a PC3-xenograft mouse model. Treatment with human anti-MIF antibodies blunted xenograft tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner. We therefore conclude that the anti-MIF antibodies described neutralize some of the key tumor-promoting activities of MIF and thus limit tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filza Hussain
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Str. 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Girard E, Strathdee C, Trueblood E, Quéva C. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor produced by the tumour stroma but not by tumour cells regulates angiogenesis in the B16-F10 melanoma model. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:1498-505. [PMID: 22955855 PMCID: PMC3493755 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been proposed as a link between inflammation and tumorigenesis. Despite its potentially broad influence in tumour biology and prevalent expression, the value of MIF as a therapeutic target in cancer remains unclear. We sought to validate MIF in tumour models by achieving a complete inhibition of its expression in tumour cells and in the tumour stroma. Methods: We used MIF shRNA-transduced B16-F10 melanoma cells implanted in wild-type and MIF−/− C57Bl6 mice to investigate the effect of loss of MIF on tumour growth. Cytokine detection and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to evaluate tumours ex vivo. Results: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor shRNA inhibited expression of MIF protein by B16-F10 melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the loss of MIF in this cell line resulted in a decreased response to hypoxia as indicated by reduced expression of VEGF. In vivo the growth of B16-F10 tumours was inhibited by an average of 47% in the MIF−/− mice compared with wild-type but was unaffected by loss of MIF expression by the tumour cells. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that microvessel density was decreased in tumours implanted in the MIF−/− mice. Profiling of serum cytokines showed a decrease in pro-angiogenic cytokines in MIF−/− mice. Conclusion: We report that the absence of MIF in the host resulted in slower tumour growth, which was associated with reduced vascularity. While the major contribution of MIF appeared to be in the regulation of angiogenesis, tumour cell-derived MIF played a negligible role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Girard
- Hematology Oncology Research Area, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
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24
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Younis AE, Soblik H, Ajonina-Ekoti I, Erttmann KD, Luersen K, Liebau E, Brattig NW. Characterization of a secreted macrophage migration inhibitory factor homologue of the parasitic nematode Strongyloides acting at the parasite-host cell interface. Microbes Infect 2011; 14:279-89. [PMID: 22037391 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis is a tropical parasitosis characterized by an alternation between free-living and parasitic stages, and by long-term infection via autoinfection. Since invasion and evasion processes of helminth parasites are substantially attained by the involvement of excretory-secretory products, we identified and characterized the 13.5 kDa macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-like protein in Strongyloides ratti. Sra-MIF is mainly secreted from the infective stage larvae (iL3), while the transcript was found at lower levels in parasitic and free-living females. Sequence analysis of the full-length cDNA showed the highest homology to the human pathogen Strongyloides stercoralis, and both are related to the MIF type-2. Unlike other mif genes, the Sra-mif includes no intron. The protein was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Sra-MIF exhibited no in vitro tautomerase activity. The exposure of Sra-MIF to the host immune system is confirmed by high IgG reactivities found in the hosts' sera following infection or immunization. Flow cytometric analysis indicated the binding of Sra-MIF to the monocytes/macrophage lineage but not to peripheral lymphocytes. After exposure to Sra-MIF, monocytes released IL-10 but not TNF-alpha suggesting the involvement of the secreted parasite MIF in host immune responses.
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Xiao DZ, Dai B, Chen J, Luo Q, Liu XY, Lin QX, Li XH, Huang W, Yu XY. Loss of macrophage migration inhibitory factor impairs the growth properties of human HeLa cervical cancer cells. Cell Prolif 2011; 44:582-90. [PMID: 21991924 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory cytokine associated with cell proliferation and tumour growth in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our team used RNA interference technology to knock down MIF expression in human HeLa cervical cancer cells and to establish a stable cell line lacking MIF function. RESULTS Our results showed that long-term loss of MIF had little effect on cell morphology, but significantly inhibited their population growth and proliferation. The HeLa MIF-knockdown cells retained normal apoptotic signalling pathways in response to TNF-alpha treatment; however, they exhibited unique DNA profiles following doxorubicin treatment, suggesting that MIF may regulate a cell cycle checkpoint upon DNA damage. Our data also showed that knockdown of MIF expression in HeLa cells led to increased cell adhesion and therefore impaired their migratory capacity. More importantly, cells lacking MIF failed to either proliferate in soft agar or form tumours in vivo, when administered to nude mice. CONCLUSION MIF plays a pivotal role in proliferation and tumourigenesis of human HeLa cervical carcinoma cells, and may represent a promising therapeutic target for cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Z Xiao
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Mittelbronn M, Platten M, Zeiner P, Dombrowski Y, Frank B, Zachskorn C, Harter PN, Weller M, Wischhusen J. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression in human malignant gliomas contributes to immune escape and tumour progression. Acta Neuropathol 2011; 122:353-65. [PMID: 21773885 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-011-0858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which inhibits apoptosis and promotes angiogenesis, is expressed in cancers suppressing immune surveillance. Its biological role in human glioblastoma is, however, only poorly understood. We examined in-vivo expression of MIF in 166 gliomas and 23 normal control brains by immunohistochemistry. MIF immunoreactivity was enhanced in neoplastic astrocytes in WHO grade II glioma and increased significantly in higher tumour grades (III-IV). MIF expression was further assessed in 12 glioma cell lines in vitro. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that MIF mRNA expression was elevated up to 800-fold in malignant glioma cells compared with normal brain. This translated into high protein levels as assessed by immunoblotting of total cell lysates and by ELISA-based measurement of secreted MIF. Wild-type p53-retaining glioma cell lines expressed higher levels of MIF, which may be connected with the previously described role of MIF as a negative regulator of wild-type p53 signalling in tumour cells. Stable knockdown of MIF by shRNA in glioma cells significantly increased tumour cell susceptibility towards NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, supernatant from mock-transfected cells, but not from MIF knockdown cells, induced downregulation of the activating immune receptor NKG2D on NK and CD8+ T cells. We thus propose that human glioma cell-derived MIF contributes to the immune escape of malignant gliomas by counteracting NK and cytotoxic T-cell-mediated tumour immune surveillance. Considering its further cell-intrinsic and extrinsic tumour-promoting effects and the availability of small molecule inhibitors, MIF seems to be a promising candidate for future glioma therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/cerebrospinal fluid
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Disease Progression
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism
- Glioma/cerebrospinal fluid
- Glioma/metabolism
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/genetics
- Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/metabolism
- Microarray Analysis/methods
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Mutation/genetics
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Tumor Escape
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Mittelbronn
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Strasse 7, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Pan X, Mao X, Cheng T, Zhang X. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a regulator of MMP13 and inflammation in titanium particles-stimulated air pouch in vivo. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 357:313-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Brooks HD, Glisson BS, Bekele BN, Ginsberg LE, El-Naggar A, Culotta KS, Takebe N, Wright J, Tran HT, Papadimitrakopoulou VA. Phase 2 study of dasatinib in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer 2011; 117:2112-9. [PMID: 21523723 PMCID: PMC3117018 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment options for patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are scarce. This phase 2 study was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of dasatinib in this setting. METHODS Patients with recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC after platinum-based therapy were treated with dasatinib either orally or via percutaneous feeding gastrostomy (PFG). Primary endpoints were 12-week progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate with a 2-stage design and early withdrawal if the 12-week PFS rate was ≤20% and no patients had an objective response (OR). Forty-nine serum cytokines and angiogenic factors (CAFs) were analyzed from treated patients. RESULTS Of the 15 patients enrolled, 12 were evaluable for response, and all patients were evaluable for toxicity. No OR was observed and 2 patients (16.7%) had stable disease (SD) at 8 weeks. The median treatment duration was 59 days, the median time to disease progression was 3.9 weeks, and the median survival was 26 weeks. One patient required a dose reduction, 3 patients required dose interruptions, and 4 patients were hospitalized for toxicity. Dasatinib inhibited c-Src both when administered orally and via PFG. Greater mean drug exposure, decreased half-life, and greater maximum concentration were observed in patients receiving dasatinib via PFG. Eleven baseline CAFs were associated with treatment outcome and 1 CAF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, was found to be differentially modulated in correlation with SD versus disease progression. CONCLUSIONS Single-agent dasatinib failed to demonstrate significant activity in patients with advanced HNSCC, despite c-Src inhibition. The toxicity profile was consistent with that reported in other solid tumors, and the drug can be given via PFG tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D. Brooks
- Division of Cancer Medicine. Pharmacology Research at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bonnie S. Glisson
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Pharmacology Research at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - B. Nebiyou Bekele
- Department of Biostatistics, Pharmacology Research at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lawrence E. Ginsberg
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Pharmacology Research at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Adel El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, Pharmacology Research at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kirk S. Culotta
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmacology Research at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, DCTD, NCI, NIH
| | - John Wright
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, DCTD, NCI, NIH
| | - Hai T. Tran
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Pharmacology Research at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vassiliki A. Papadimitrakopoulou
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Pharmacology Research at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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29
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Chiu KH, Chang YH, Wu YS, Lee SH, Liao PC. Quantitative secretome analysis reveals that COL6A1 is a metastasis-associated protein using stacking gel-aided purification combined with iTRAQ labeling. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:1110-25. [PMID: 21186846 DOI: 10.1021/pr1008724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In cancer metastasis, secreted proteins play an important role in promoting cancer cell migration and invasion and thus also in the increase of cancer metastasis in the extracellular microenvironment. In this study, we developed a strategy that combined a simple gel-aided protein purification with iTRAQ labeling to quantify and discover the metastasis-associated proteins in the lung cancer cell secretome. Secreted proteins associated with lung cancer metastasis were produced using CL1-0 and CL1-5 cells with different metastatic abilities. Quantitative secretomics analysis identified a total of 353 proteins, 7 of which were considered to be metastasis-associated proteins. These included TIMP1, COL6A1, uPA, and AAT, all of which were higher in CL1-5, and AL1A1, PRDX1, and NID1, which were higher in CL1-0. Six of these metastasis-associated proteins were validated with Western blot analysis. In addition, pathway analysis was performed in building the interaction network between the identified metastasis-associated proteins. Further functional analysis of COL6A1 on the metastatic abilities of CL1 cells was also carried out. An RNA interference-based knock-down of COL6A1 suppressed the metastatic ability of CL1-5 cells; in contrast, a plasmid-transfected overexpression of COL6A1 increased the metastatic ability of CL1-0 cells. This study describes a simple and high throughput sample purification method that can be used for the quantitative secretomics analysis of metastasis-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsun Chiu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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30
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Kim HR, Park MK, Cho ML, Kim KW, Oh HJ, Park JS, Heo YM, Lee SH, Kim HY, Park SH. Induction of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in ConA-stimulated rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts through the P38 map kinase-dependent signaling pathway. Korean J Intern Med 2010; 25:317-26. [PMID: 20830230 PMCID: PMC2932946 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2010.25.3.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study was undertaken to identify the intracellular signaling pathway involved in induction of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts. METHODS Human RA synovial fibroblasts were treated with concanavalin A (ConA), various cytokines, and inhibitors of signal transduction molecules. The production of MIF by synovial fibroblasts was measured in culture supernatants by ELISA. The expression of MIF mRNA was determined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. Phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in synovial fibroblasts was confirmed using Western blotting. The expression of MIF and p38 MAP kinase in RA synovium was determined using dual immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The production of MIF by RA synovial fibroblasts increased in a dose-dependent manner after ConA stimulation. MIF was also induced by interferon-γ, CD40 ligand, interleukin-15, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β. The production of MIF by RA synovial fibroblasts was significantly reduced after inhibition of p38 MAP kinase. The expression of MIF and p38 MAP kinase was upregulated in the RA synovium compared with the osteoarthritis synovium. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MIF production was induced through a p38 MAP-kinase-dependent pathway in RA synovial fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Rim Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine Seoul, Korea
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31
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Moberg C, Catalano RD, Charnock-Jones DS, Olovsson M. VEGF-A and Serum Withdrawal Induced Changes in the Transcript Profile in Human Endometrial Endothelial Cells. Reprod Sci 2010; 17:590-611. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719110364550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Moberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,
| | - Rob D. Catalano
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge and the National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Centre, UK
| | - D. Stephen Charnock-Jones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge and the National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Centre, UK
| | - Matts Olovsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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32
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Cates JMM, Friedman DB, Seeley EH, Dupont WD, Schwartz HS, Holt GE, Caprioli RM, Young PP. Proteomic analysis of osteogenic sarcoma: association of tumour necrosis factor with poor prognosis. Int J Exp Pathol 2010; 91:335-49. [PMID: 20353421 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2010.00711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of patients with osteogenic sarcoma die from lung metastasis within 5 years of diagnosis. Molecular signatures that predict pulmonary metastasis from primary osteogenic sarcoma and identify those patients at risk would be clinically useful as prognostic markers. Protein expression profiles of two clonally related murine osteogenic sarcoma cell lines with low (K12) and high (K7M2) metastatic potential were compared using two different proteomic technologies, two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and cell profiling by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Interrogation of a molecular pathways network database suggested several additional candidate molecules that potentially predict metastatic potential of primary osteogenic sarcoma. Two such proteins, macrophage migration inhibitory factor and tumour necrosis factor were selected for further validation studies. Western blots confirmed increased expression of both cytokines in K7M2 cells compared to K12 cells. Levels of migration inhibitory factor and tumour necrosis factor were semi-quantitatively measured in human osteogenic sarcoma samples by immunohistochemistry and were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters and patient outcomes. Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that tumour necrosis factor expression in chemotherapy naïve osteogenic sarcoma is an independent prognostic factor for overall and metastasis-free survival. No significant differences in adverse outcomes were observed based on macrophage migration inhibitory factor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M M Cates
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Schrader J, Deuster O, Rinn B, Schulz M, Kautz A, Dodel R, Meyer B, Al-Abed Y, Balakrishnan K, Reese JP, Bacher M. Restoration of contact inhibition in human glioblastoma cell lines after MIF knockdown. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:464. [PMID: 20038293 PMCID: PMC2810303 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of the role of the cytokine macrophage-migration-inhibitory-factor (MIF) in malignant tumors have revealed its stimulating influence on cell-cycle progression, angiogenesis and anti-apoptosis. RESULTS Here we show that in vitro targeting MIF in cultures of human malignant glioblastoma cells by either antisense plasmid introduction or anti-MIF antibody treatment reduced the growth rates of tumor cells. Of note is the marked decrease of proliferation under confluent and over-confluent conditions, implying a role of MIF in overcoming contact inhibition. Several proteins involved in contact inhibition including p27, p21, p53 and CEBPalpha are upregulated in the MIF antisense clones indicating a restoration of contact inhibition in the tumor cells. Correspondingly, we observed a marked increase in MIF mRNA and protein content under higher cell densities in LN18 cells. Furthermore, we showed the relevance of the enzymatic active site of MIF for the proliferation of glioblastoma cells by using the MIF-tautomerase inhibitor ISO-1. CONCLUSION Our study adds another puzzle stone to the role of MIF in tumor growth and progression by showing the importance of MIF for overcoming contact inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schrader
- Department of Neurology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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Noels H, Bernhagen J, Weber C. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a noncanonical chemokine important in atherosclerosis. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2009; 19:76-86. [PMID: 19679264 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, atherogenesis has increasingly been linked to inflammatory processes in the injured vessel wall. Recruitment and arrest of monocytes, T cells, and neutrophils via the concerted actions of multiple chemokines and their chemokine receptors have been the subject of intense research and are being appreciated as key events underlying atherosclerotic lesion formation and progression. The evolutionary conserved cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) exhibits prominent proinflammatory and proatherogenic functions, and the latest findings on its chemotactic and chemokine-like properties imply MIF as a crucial drug target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this review, the role of MIF in atherosclerosis and injury-induced neointima formation is discussed. We place an emphasis on its proinflammatory and chemokine-like functions in the context of underlying extra- and intracellular signaling mechanisms. These findings clearly distinguish MIF from other cytokines in atherosclerosis and justify the intensive search for inhibitors targeting MIF in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including advanced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Noels
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), 52074 Aachen, Germany
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35
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Carli C, Metz CN, Al-Abed Y, Naccache PH, Akoum A. Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production in human endometriotic cells by macrophage migration inhibitory factor: involvement of novel kinase signaling pathways. Endocrinology 2009; 150:3128-37. [PMID: 19299454 PMCID: PMC2703510 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PGs), including prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), a major mediator of inflammation and angiogenesis. Herein, we report that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a potent proinflammatory and growth-promoting factor found at elevated concentrations in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis and active endometriosis lesions, acts directly on ectopic endometrial cells to stimulate the synthesis of COX-2, the inducible form of COX, and the release of PGE(2). MIF treatment strongly activated p38 and ERK MAPK, and specific inhibitors of both pathways completely blocked basal and MIF-induced PGE(2) synthesis. Whereas p38 inhibitors negatively affected the stimulated synthesis of COX-2 and that of PGE(2), ERK inhibitors only decreased the production of PGE(2). These findings show for the first time a direct role for MIF in the up-regulation of COX-2 synthesis and PGE(2) secretion in ectopic endometrial cells. They further indicate that whereas p38 and ERK MAPK signaling pathways both play a significant role in the regulation of basal and MIF-induced synthesis of PGE(2) by ectopic endometrial cells, only p38 kinase is involved in the regulation of COX-2 expression in these cells. This suggests that MIF acts at more than one level to stimulate the synthesis of PGE(2) and triggers the coordinate activation of multiple enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway. Our data provide evidence for a novel mechanism by which MIF can induce a proinflammatory phenotype in ectopic endometrial cells, and favor the establishment of endometriosis and its related clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Carli
- Laboratoire d'endocrinologie de la reproduction, Centre de recherche-Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Bach JP, Deuster O, Balzer-Geldsetzer M, Meyer B, Dodel R, Bacher M. The role of macrophage inhibitory factor in tumorigenesis and central nervous system tumors. Cancer 2009; 115:2031-40. [PMID: 19326434 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been described as a protein that plays an important role in both innate and acquired immunity. Further research has shown that MIF plays a particularly critical part in cell cycle regulation and therefore in tumorigenesis as well. Over the past few years, the significance of the role of MIF in a variety of both solid and hematologic tumors has been established. More recently, interest has increased in the role of MIF in the development of central nervous system (CNS) tumors, in which it appears to influence cell cycle control. In addition, MIF has been identified as an essential actor in metastasis and angiogenesis. Vascular growth factor concentration raises because of increased levels of MIF in brain tumors. Recently, the MIF receptor complex has been described, and it appears that this may be a suitable drug target for treatment of brain tumors. In light of these findings, the authors chose to conduct a systematic search for information regarding MIF that has been published within the past 15 years using the terms "inflammation," "glioblastoma," "brain tumor," "astrocytoma," "microglia," "glioblastoma," "immune system and brain tumors," "glioblastoma and MIF," and "brain tumor and MIF." The aim of this article was thus to present a detailed review of current knowledge regarding the role of MIF in CNS tumor pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Philipp Bach
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Yasasever V, Camlica H, Duranyildiz D, Oguz H, Tas F, Dalay N. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Cancer. Cancer Invest 2009; 25:715-9. [DOI: 10.1080/07357900701560695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chen L, Yang G, Zhang X, Wu J, Gu Q, Wei M, Yang J, Zhu Y, Wang N, Guan Y. Induction of MIF expression by oxidized LDL via activation of NF-kappaB in vascular smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis 2009; 207:428-33. [PMID: 19640536 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine playing important roles in atherosclerosis. MIF gene deficiency and neutralizing antibodies against MIF have been reported to exert anti-atherosclerotic effects in various animal models. However, the mechanism by which MIF is induced in atherosclerotic lesions remains unclear. In the present studies, we cloned a 540bp full-length rabbit MIF cDNA by screening a rabbit uterine library. The cDNA contains a 348bp open-reading frame which encodes a deduced 115-amino acid polypeptide with approximately 90% similarity to human and mouse homologs. Constitutive MIF mRNA expression was detected in most rabbit tissues including aortas. The expression of MIF obviously abounded in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of the atherosclerotic plaques. In cultured VSMCs, MIF expression was significantly induced by a pro-atherogenic factor, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Promoter analysis showed there were two NF-kappaB binding sites in the MIF proximal promoter region. Deletion or mutation of the two sites abolished oxLDL-enhanced MIF promoter activity. Moreover, the induction of MIF by oxLDL can be blocked by IkappaB-alpha overexpression. Taken together, our results revealed that MIF expression can be induced by oxLDL in VSMCs via a NF-kappaB dependent manner, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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39
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Cournia Z, Leng L, Gandavadi S, Du X, Bucala R, Jorgensen WL. Discovery of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-CD74 antagonists via virtual screening. J Med Chem 2009; 52:416-24. [PMID: 19090668 DOI: 10.1021/jm801100v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine that is involved in the regulation of inflammation as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. Deactivation of MIF by antibodies or inhibition of MIF binding to its receptor, CD74, attenuates tumor growth and angiogenesis. To discover small-molecule inhibitors of MIF's biological activity, virtual screening was performed by docking 2.1 million compounds into the MIF tautomerase active site. After visual inspection of 1200 top-ranked MIF-ligand complexes, 26 possible inhibitors were selected and purchased and 23 of them were assayed. The in vitro binding assay for MIF with CD74 revealed that 11 of the compounds have inhibitory activity in the micromolar regime, including four compounds with IC(50) values below 5 microM. Inhibition of MIF tautomerase activity was also established for many of the compounds with IC(50) values as low as 0.5 microM; Michaelis-Menten analysis was performed for two cases and confirmed the competitive inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Cournia
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Xu BJ, Li J, Beauchamp RD, Shyr Y, Li M, Washington MK, Yeatman TJ, Whitehead RH, Coffey RJ, Caprioli RM. Identification of early intestinal neoplasia protein biomarkers using laser capture microdissection and MALDI MS. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:936-45. [PMID: 19164278 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800345-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obtaining protein profiles from a homogeneous cell population in tissues can significantly improve our capability in protein biomarker discovery. In this study, unique protein profiles from the top and bottom sections of mouse crypts and Apc(Min+/-) adenomas were obtained using laser capture microdissection (LCM) combined with MALDI MS. Statistically significant protein peaks with differential expression were selected, and a set of novel protein biomarkers were identified. Immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm the differentially expressed protein biomarkers found by LCM combined with MALDI MS. To validate the relevance of the findings in human colorectal cancer (CRC), S100A8 was further confirmed in human CRC using immunohistochemistry. In addition, S100A8 was found to have an increased expression at different human CRC stages (Duke's A-D) compared with controls at both protein (n = 168 cases) and RNA (n = 215 cases) levels. Overall LCM combined with MALDI MS is a promising method to identify intestinal protein biomarkers from minute amounts of tissue. The novel protein biomarkers identified from the top and bottom crypts will increase our knowledge of the specific protein changes taking place during cell migration from the crypt bottom to top. In addition, the identified cancer protein biomarkers will aid in the exploration of colorectal tumorigenesis mechanisms as well as in the advancement of molecularly based diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baogang J Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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McClelland M, Zhao L, Carskadon S, Arenberg D. Expression of CD74, the receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor, in non-small cell lung cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 174:638-46. [PMID: 19131591 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multifunctional cytokine that is overexpressed in lung cancer. The MIF receptor was recently discovered and found to be the invariant chain of the HLA class II molecule, CD74. We hypothesized that the expression of this receptor-ligand pair in lung cancer is associated with the angiogenic activity and level of CXC chemokine expression in human specimens of non-small cell lung cancer. We, therefore, performed immunolocalization of CD74 and compared it with the localization of MIF in non-small cell lung cancer to determine their respective locations, as well as the relationship between the co-expression of MIF-CD74 and angiogenic CXC chemokines with tumor angiogenesis. We found intense CD74 expression by immunohistochemistry in 57 of 70 tumors with minimal to no staining in the remaining 13 tumors. Comparing the localization of CD74 with its putative ligand, MIF, we found that CD74 and MIF were co-expressed in tumors in close proximity, and that co-expression of the MIF-CD74 pair was associated with both higher levels of tumor-associated angiogenic CXC chemokines (ie, the ELR score) and greater vascularity compared with tumors in which MIF-CD74 co-expression was not present. We also found that MIF induced angiogenic CXC chemokine expression in an autocrine manner in vitro, a function that was specifically inhibited by antibodies to CD74.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc McClelland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0642, USA
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He XX, Chen K, Yang J, Li XY, Gan HY, Liu CY, Coleman TR, Al-Abed Y. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes colorectal cancer. Mol Med 2009; 15:1-10. [PMID: 19009023 PMCID: PMC2581606 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2008.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence implicates macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this study, we investigated whether MIF expression was associated with clinicopathologic features of colorectal carcinoma (CRC), especially in tumors with hepatic metastasis, and whether neutralization of endogenous MIF using anti-MIF therapeutics would inhibit tumor growth and/or decrease the frequency of colorectal hepatic metastases in a mouse colon carcinoma model. The concentration of serum MIF was positively correlated with an increased risk of hepatic metastasis in human patients with CRC (R = 1.25, 95% confidence internal = 1.02-1.52, P = 0.03). MIF was also dramatically upregulated in human colorectal tissue, with 20-40 times as many MIF-positive cells found in the mucosa of patients with CRC than in normal tissue (P < 0.001 ANOVA). Moreover, in those patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver, MIF-positive cells were similarly increased in the diseased hepatic tissue. This increased MIF expression was restricted to diseased tissue and not found in areas of the liver with normal morphology. In subsequent in vitro experiments, we found that addition of recombinant MIF to colonic cell lines significantly increased their invasive properties and the expression of several genes (for example, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and vascular endothelial growth factor) known to be upregulated in cancerous tissue. Finally, we treated mice that had been given CT26 colon carcinoma cell transplants with anti-MIF therapeutics--either the MIF-specific inhibitor ISO-1 or neutralizing anti-MIF antibodies--and observed a significant reduction in tumor burden relative to vehicle-treated animals. Taken together, these data demonstrate that MIF expression was not only correlated with the presence of colorectal cancer but also may play a direct role in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huo-Ye Gan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng-Yong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Thomas R Coleman
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Yousef Al-Abed, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030. Phone: 516-562-3406; Fax: 516-562-1022; E-mail:
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Abstract
The highly conserved and archetypical yet atypical cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) fulfills pleiotropic immune functions in many acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent evidence has emerged from both expression and functional studies to implicate MIF in various aspects of cardiovascular disease. The present review is aimed at providing a synopsis of the involvement of MIF in the inflammatory pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its consequences, namely unstable plaque formation, remodeling after arterial injury, aneurysm formation, myocardial infarction, or ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, other forms of myocardial dysfunction and inflammation and the role of MIF in angiogenesis are reviewed. The functional data are reconciled with recent progress in the identification of heptahelical (CXC chemokine) receptors for MIF, its prototypic role as their noncanonical ligand, and its signal transduction profile operative in atherogenic and inflammatory recruitment of mononuclear cells and in the oxidative damage and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Its unique features and functions clearly distinguish MIF from other cytokines implicated in atherogenesis and make it a prime target for achieving therapeutic regression of atherosclerosis. The potential of targeting or exploiting MIF for therapeutic strategies or as a diagnostic marker in the management of cardiovascular diseases or disorders is scrutinized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Zernecke
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Molekulare Herz-Kreislaufforschung, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Jung H, Seong HA, Ha H. Direct interaction between NM23-H1 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is critical for alleviation of MIF-mediated suppression of p53 activity. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:32669-79. [PMID: 18815136 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806225200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pluripotent cytokine that is involved in host immune and inflammatory responses, as well as tumorigenesis. However, the regulatory mechanism of MIF function is unclear. Here we report that the NM23-H1 interacts with MIF in cells, as demonstrated by cotransfection and coimmunoprecipitation experiments. Analysis of cysteine (Cys) to serine (Ser) substitution mutants of NM23-H1 (C4S, C109S, and C145S) and MIF (C57S, C60S, and C81S) revealed that Cys(145) of NM23-H1 and Cys(60) of MIF are responsible for complex formation. NM23-H1-MIF complexes were dependent on reducing conditions, such as the presence of dithiothreitol or beta-mercaptoethanol, but not H(2)O(2). NM23-H1 alleviated the MIF-mediated suppression of p53-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by promoting the dissociation of MIF from MIF-p53 complexes. In addition, NM23-H1 significantly inhibited the MIF-induced proliferation of quiescent NIH 3T3 cells through a direct interaction with MIF, and decreased the MIF-induced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/PDK1 and p44/p42 extracellular signal-regulated (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase. The results of the current study suggest that the NM23-H1 functions as a negative regulator of MIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyoung Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
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45
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Zhou Q, Yan X, Gershan J, Orentas RJ, Johnson BD. Expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor by neuroblastoma leads to the inhibition of antitumor T cell reactivity in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:1877-86. [PMID: 18641325 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.1877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastomas and many other solid tumors produce high amounts of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which appears to play a role in tumor progression. We found that MIF expression in neuroblastoma inhibits T cell proliferation in vitro, raising the possibility that MIF promotes tumorigenesis, in part, by suppressing antitumor immunity. To examine whether tumor-derived MIF leads to suppression of T cell immunity in vivo, we generated MIF-deficient neuroblastoma cell lines using short hairpin small interfering RNAs (siRNA). The MIF knockdown (MIFKD) AGN2a neuroblastoma cells were more effectively rejected in immune-competent mice than control siRNA-transduced or wild-type AGN2a. However, the increased rejection of MIFKD AGN2a was not observed in T cell-depleted mice. MIFKD tumors had increased infiltration of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells, as well as increased numbers of macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. Immunization with MIFKD AGN2a cells significantly increased protection against tumor challenge as compared with immunization with wild-type AGN2a, and the increased protection correlated with elevated frequencies of tumor-reactive CD8(+) T cells in the lymphoid tissue of treated animals. Increased numbers of infiltrating tumor-reactive CD8(+) T cells were also observed at the site of tumor vaccination. In vitro, treatment of AGN2a-derived culture supernatants with neutralizing MIF-specific Ab failed to reverse T cell suppressive activity, suggesting that MIF is not directly responsible for the immune suppression in vivo. This supports a model whereby MIF expression in neuroblastoma initiates a pathway that leads to the suppression of T cell immunity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, and the Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Vermeire JJ, Cho Y, Lolis E, Bucala R, Cappello M. Orthologs of macrophage migration inhibitory factor from parasitic nematodes. Trends Parasitol 2008; 24:355-63. [PMID: 18603473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic helminth infections are associated with modulation of host cellular immune responses, presumably to prolong parasite survival within the mammalian host. This phenomenon is attributed, at least in part, to the elaboration of parasite molecules, including orthologs of host cytokines and receptors, at the host-parasite interface. This review describes recent progress in the characterization of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) orthologs from parasitic nematodes. The roles of these molecules in parasite developmental biology and pathogenesis are discussed. Further knowledge of the species-specific activities and three-dimensional structures of human and parasitic nematode MIF molecules should make them ideal targets for drug- and/or vaccine-based strategies aimed at nematode disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon J Vermeire
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale Child Health Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Jung H, Seong HA, Ha H. Critical role of cysteine residue 81 of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in MIF-induced inhibition of p53 activity. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:20383-96. [PMID: 18502749 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800050200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a potent modulator of the p53 signaling pathway, but the molecular mechanisms of the effect of MIF on p53 function have so far remained unclear. Here we show that MIF physically interacts with the p53 tumor suppressor in vitro and in vivo. This association was significantly reduced by a C81S mutation but not C57S or C60S mutations, suggesting that Cys(81) is essential for the in vivo association between MIF and p53. This association also depended on Cys(242) (and, to some extent, on Cys(238)) within the central DNA binding domain of p53. Ectopic expression of MIF, but not MIF(C81S), inhibited p53-mediated transcriptional activation in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous MIF stimulated p53-mediated transcription. MIF inhibited p53-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, whereas the MIF(C81S) mutant, which is unable to physically associate with p53, had no effect. Consistent with these findings, confocal microscopy showed that MIF prevented p53 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. We also demonstrated that MIF suppresses p53 activity by stabilizing the physical association between p53 and Mdm2. These results suggest that MIF physically associates with p53 and negatively regulates p53 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyoung Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Larsen M, Tazzyman S, Lund EL, Junker N, Lewis CE, Kristjansen PEG, Murdoch C. Hypoxia-induced secretion of macrophage migration-inhibitory factor from MCF-7 breast cancer cells is regulated in a hypoxia-inducible factor-independent manner. Cancer Lett 2008; 265:239-49. [PMID: 18353538 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine MIF is over-expressed in tumors and is associated with tumor proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Hypoxia, a hallmark feature of tumors, increases MIF expression from tumor cells. We examined the role of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors on MIF secretion from MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. Secretion of MIF was induced by hypoxia after 24h but up-regulation of MIF mRNA was minimal. Inhibition of HIF-1alpha, HIF-2alpha, NF-kappaB and C/EBPbeta using siRNA had no effect on hypoxia-induced MIF secretion. However, inhibition of transcription and translation significantly decreased MIF production, suggesting that hypoxia-induced secretion of MIF in MCF-7 cells is via an alternative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Larsen
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Molecular Pathology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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49
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Xu X, Wang B, Ye C, Yao C, Lin Y, Huang X, Zhang Y, Wang S. Overexpression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces angiogenesis in human breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2008; 261:147-57. [PMID: 18171602 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2007] [Revised: 09/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is known to be an important contributor to tumor progression. Overexpression of MIF has been reported in different types of tumors. However, the correlation between MIF expression and tumor pathologic features in patients with breast cancer has not been elucidated. In this study, we examined the expression of MIF, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in human tissues with or without tumor. In addition, we investigated the expression of MIF in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 (breast cancer cell lines) and MCF-10A (epithelial cell line) cells, and its effect on VEGF and IL-8. We found that MIF was overexpressed in breast cancer tissues compared with normal ones. The level of MIF showed the positive correlation between the expression of IL-8 and tumor microvessel density (MVD). The patients with positive MIF expression in tumor tissues showed a significantly worse disease-free survival compared with negative ones. Increased MIF serum levels were also found to correlate with higher levels of IL-8 in the sera of the patients with breast cancer. In vitro experiments successfully detected MIF in breast cell lines. However, the expression level of it by normal epithelial cells was much less than that of cancer cells. Exogenous MIF did not cause endothelial tube formation and migration but induced a dose dependent increase in VEGF and IL-8 secretion in breast cancer cell lines. In summary, our studies show that human breast cancer tissue expresses MIF. Its in vitro effect on VEGF and IL-8 indicates that MIF may contribute to tumor in angiogenesis and thus play an important role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Xu
- Department of Center of Breast Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
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50
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Rendon BE, Roger T, Teneng I, Zhao M, Al-Abed Y, Calandra T, Mitchell RA. Regulation of human lung adenocarcinoma cell migration and invasion by macrophage migration inhibitory factor. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:29910-8. [PMID: 17709373 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m704898200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is expressed and secreted in response to mitogens and integrin-dependent cell adhesion. Once released, autocrine MIF promotes the activation of RhoA GTPase leading to cell cycle progression in rodent fibroblasts. We now report that small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of MIF and MIF small molecule antagonism results in a greater than 90% loss of both the migratory and invasive potential of human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Correlating with these phenotypes is a substantial reduction in steady state as well as serum-induced effector binding activity of the Rho GTPase family member, Rac1, in MIF-deficient cells. Conversely, MIF overexpression by adenovirus in human lung adenocarcinoma cells induces a dramatic enhancement of cell migration, and co-expression of a dominant interfering mutant of Rac1 (Rac1(N17)) completely abrogates this effect. Finally, our results indicate that MIF depletion results in defective partitioning of Rac1 to caveolin-containing membrane microdomains, raising the possibility that MIF promotes Rac1 activity and subsequent tumor cell motility through lipid raft stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz E Rendon
- Molecular Targets Program, J. G. Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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