1
|
Santos LLD, Silva ATF, Ferreira ICC, Souza AV, Justino AB, Santos DW, Goulart LR, Paiva CE, Espíndola FS, Maia YCP. A Lower Serum Antioxidant Capacity as a Distinctive Feature for Women with HER2+ Breast Cancer: A Preliminary Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235973. [PMID: 36497455 PMCID: PMC9739610 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of HER2 in breast cancer (BC) can contribute to redox imbalance, which is related to damage and structural modification in many biomolecules. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has investigated the infrared spectrum wavenumbers obtained by ATR-FTIR and their relationship with the levels of redox status markers such as reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and protein carbonyl among women with HER2+ BC, HER2- BC, and benign breast disease (BBD). The study was conducted with 25 women, 17 of whom were diagnosed with BC (6 HER2+ and 11 HER2-) and 8 with BBD. Our results indicate HER2+ BC cases could be distinguished from HER2- BC and BBD cases by their serum's antioxidant capacity [HER2+ BC vs. HER2- BC (AUC = 0.818; specificity = 81.82%; sensitivity = 66.67%); HER2+ BC vs. BBD (AUC = 0.875; specificity = 75%; sensitivity = 83.33%)]. The changes in biochemical terms that occur in serum as a result of the scarcity of antioxidants are related to a peculiar fingerprint in the infrared spectrum obtained by ATR-FTIR. In the serum of women with BBD, the SOD enzyme level is the highest, and this characteristic allowed us to distinguish them from HER2- BC. Finally, data regarding the serological antioxidant capacity of FRAP and the infrared spectrum by ATR-FTIR will allow us to assess biochemical changes that occur before clinical signs, indicating whether changes in therapy or interventions are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia L. D. Santos
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38402-022, Brazil
- Molecular Biology and Nutrition Research Group (BioNut), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Alinne T. F. Silva
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38402-022, Brazil
- Molecular Biology and Nutrition Research Group (BioNut), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Izabella C. C. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38402-022, Brazil
- Molecular Biology and Nutrition Research Group (BioNut), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Adriele V. Souza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Allisson B. Justino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Donizeti W. Santos
- Gynecologic Division, University Hospital, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38402-022, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Paiva
- Palliative Care and Quality of Life Research Group (GPQual), Learning and Research Institute, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Foued S. Espíndola
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Yara C. P. Maia
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38402-022, Brazil
- Molecular Biology and Nutrition Research Group (BioNut), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38405-320, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
L. D. Santos L, D. D. Custódio I, Silva ATF, C. C. Ferreira I, C. Marinho E, C. Caixeta D, V. Souza A, R. Teixeira R, Araújo TG, Shivappa N, R. Hébert J, Paiva CE, S. Espíndola F, Goulart LR, C. P. Maia Y. Overweight Women with Breast Cancer on Chemotherapy Have More Unfavorable Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Profiles. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3303. [PMID: 33126617 PMCID: PMC7692181 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and redox imbalance are strongly influenced by diet and nutritional status, and both are risk factors for tumor development. This prospective study aimed to explore the associations between inflammatory and antioxidant markers and nutritional status in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. The women were evaluated at three times: T0, after the infusion of the first cycle; T1, after infusion of the intermediate cycle; and T2, after the infusion of the last chemotherapy cycle. The consumption of antioxidant nutrients and the Total Dietary Antioxidant Capacity reduced between T0 and T2 and the Dietary Inflammatory Index scores increased throughout the chemotherapy. Blood samples taken at the end of the chemotherapy showed lower levels of glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione, with greater quantification of the transcripts for Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor α. It should be emphasized that the Total Dietary Antioxidant Capacity is lower and the Dietary Inflammatory Index is higher in the group of overweight patients at the end of the follow-up, besides showing lower levels of the redox status, especially the plasma levels of glutathione reductase (p = 0.039). In addition, trends towards higher transcriptional levels of cytokines in peripheral blood were observed more often in overweight women than in non-overweight women. In this study of 55 women with breast cancer, nine (16%) with metastases, diet became more pro-inflammatory with fewer antioxidants during the chemotherapy. Briefly, we have shown that chemotherapy is critical for high-risk overweight women due to their reduced intake of antioxidant nutrients, generating greater inflammatory and oxidative stress profiles, suggesting the adoption of healthier dietary practices by women with breast cancer throughout their chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia L. D. Santos
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38402-022, Brazil; (L.L.D.S.); (A.T.F.S.); (I.C.C.F.); (T.G.A.)
| | - Isis D. D. Custódio
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil; (I.D.D.C.); (E.C.M.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Alinne T. F. Silva
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38402-022, Brazil; (L.L.D.S.); (A.T.F.S.); (I.C.C.F.); (T.G.A.)
| | - Izabella C. C. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38402-022, Brazil; (L.L.D.S.); (A.T.F.S.); (I.C.C.F.); (T.G.A.)
| | - Eduarda C. Marinho
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil; (I.D.D.C.); (E.C.M.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Douglas C. Caixeta
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-302, Brazil; (D.C.C.); (A.V.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Adriele V. Souza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-302, Brazil; (D.C.C.); (A.V.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Renata R. Teixeira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-302, Brazil; (D.C.C.); (A.V.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Thaise G. Araújo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38402-022, Brazil; (L.L.D.S.); (A.T.F.S.); (I.C.C.F.); (T.G.A.)
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (N.S.); (J.R.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA
| | - James R. Hébert
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (N.S.); (J.R.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA
| | - Carlos Eduardo Paiva
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate Program in Oncology, Palliative Care and Quality of Life Research Group (GPQual), Pio XII Foundation—Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil;
| | - Foued S. Espíndola
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil; (I.D.D.C.); (E.C.M.); (F.S.E.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-302, Brazil; (D.C.C.); (A.V.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38402-022, Brazil; (L.L.D.S.); (A.T.F.S.); (I.C.C.F.); (T.G.A.)
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil; (I.D.D.C.); (E.C.M.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Yara C. P. Maia
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38402-022, Brazil; (L.L.D.S.); (A.T.F.S.); (I.C.C.F.); (T.G.A.)
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil; (I.D.D.C.); (E.C.M.); (F.S.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tocmo R, Parkin K. S-Alk(en)ylmercaptocysteine suppresses LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses in murine macrophages through inhibition of NF-κB pathway and modulation of thiol redox status. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:548-558. [PMID: 30342185 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Allium vegetable-derived metabolite, S-alk(en)ylmercaptocysteine (CySSR), has been reported to modulate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. However, the underlying mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships are not completely understood. We investigated the mechanistic basis of the protective effects of CySSR on pro-inflammatory responses involving redox/oxidative stress induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using RAW 264.7 cells. CySSR (R = allyl, "A" or 1-propenyl, "Pe") pre-treatments conferred concentration-dependent reductions in cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), NO production and iNOS (inducible nitric synthase) overexpression, and attenuated oxidant production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells where viability remained > 90%. These protective effects were manifested through inhibited activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway via suppression of the IκB kinases (IKK) phosphorylation possibly by transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 or a kinase further upstream the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway. The attenuation of LPS-induced inflammation by CySSRs was associated with enhanced levels of cellular cysteine (CySH) and glutathione (GSH) mediated by cellular import/reduction of CySSR and the induction of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), one of > 200 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulated proteins. The reduction of anti-inflammatory effect of CySSR following pretreatment of cells with L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO) implicates GSH having a major role in reducing inflammation, likely in the context of other Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes that scavenge H2O2 and peroxides using GSH as co-substrate. The anti-inflammatory effect of CySSPe was significantly greater than CySSA for almost all indicators measured, and cell metabolites of CySSRs may have a role in attenuating NF-κB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Restituto Tocmo
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Babcock Hall, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Kirk Parkin
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Babcock Hall, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi H, Yan S, Guo Y, Shi B, Guo X. The pre-protective effect of vitamin A on LPS-induced oxidative stress of bovine mammary epithelial cells. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1453757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Sumei Yan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongmei Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Binlin Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang X, Yao H, Chen Y, Sun L, Li Y, Ma X, Duan S, Li X, Xiang R, Han J, Duan Y. Inhibition of Glutathione Production Induces Macrophage CD36 Expression and Enhances Cellular-oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (oxLDL) Uptake. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:21788-99. [PMID: 26187465 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.654582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The glutathione (GSH)-dependent antioxidant system has been demonstrated to inhibit atherosclerosis. Macrophage CD36 uptakes oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) thereby facilitating foam cell formation and development of atherosclerosis. It remains unknown if GSH can influence macrophage CD36 expression and cellular oxLDL uptake directly. Herein we report that treatment of macrophages with l-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO) decreased cellular GSH production and ratios of GSH to glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) while increasing production of reactive oxygen species. Associated with decreased GSH levels, macrophage CD36 expression was increased, which resulted in enhanced cellular oxLDL uptake. In contrast, N-acetyl cysteine and antioxidant enzyme (catalase or superoxide dismutase) blocked BSO-induced CD36 expression as well as oxLDL uptake. In vivo, administration of mice with BSO increased CD36 expression in peritoneal macrophages and kidneys. BSO had no effect on CD36 mRNA expression and promoter activity but still induced CD36 protein expression in macrophages lacking peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression, suggesting it induced CD36 expression at the translational level. Indeed, we determined that BSO enhanced CD36 translational efficiency. Taken together, our study demonstrates that cellular GSH levels and GSH/GSSG status can regulate macrophage CD36 expression and cellular oxLDL uptake and demonstrate an important anti-atherogenic function of the GSH-dependent antioxidant system by providing a novel molecular mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Colleges of Life Sciences and
| | - Hui Yao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Colleges of Life Sciences and
| | - Yuanli Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China and
| | - Lei Sun
- Colleges of Life Sciences and
| | - Yan Li
- Colleges of Life Sciences and
| | | | - Shengzhong Duan
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | - Rong Xiang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Medicine
| | - Jihong Han
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Colleges of Life Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China and
| | - Yajun Duan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Colleges of Life Sciences and
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Song Y, Li S, Song B, Zhang Y, Gao W, Li N, Fan K, Ma J. The pathological changes in the spinal cord after dural tear with and without autologous fascia repair. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2014; 23:1531-40. [PMID: 24801575 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-014-3326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dural tear is one of the common complications of spinal surgery leading to cerebrospinal fluid leakage followed by serial secondary symptoms. However, little is known about pathological changes of the spinal cord after dural tear. In the present study, we aimed to study the pathological changes in the spinal cord after dural tear with and without autologous fascia repair. METHODS Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were used for dural tear and autologous fascia graft repair models. Three days and 1 week after surgery, the pathological changes in the spinal cord were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and spinal somatosensory evoked potentials test. RESULTS Neuroinflammation was found in the parenchyma of the spinal cord characterized by gliosis, increased expression of inflammatory factors and infiltration of exogenesis immunocells in the rats without repair, which impaired the sensory conduction function of the spinal cord at the early stage of injury. Repairing with autologous fascia could attenuate neuroinflammation and help to maintain normal sensory conduction function of the spinal cord. CONCLUSION Dural tear could cause a series of inflammatory reactions in the spinal cord and further impair its sensory conduction function at the early stage of injury. Repairing with autologous fascia was a necessary and effective way to prevent the neuroinflammation and to maintain the normal function of the spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Song
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Martin HL, Teismann P. Glutathione--a review on its role and significance in Parkinson's disease. FASEB J 2009; 23:3263-72. [PMID: 19542204 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-125443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting over a million people in the United States alone, and is characterized by rigidity, bradykinesia, resting tremor, and postural instability. Its main neuropathological feature is the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. However, the pathogenesis of this loss is not understood fully. One of the earliest biochemical changes seen in PD is a reduction in the levels of total glutathione, a key cellular antioxidant. Traditionally, it has been thought that this decrease in GSH levels is the consequence of increased oxidative stress, a process heavily implicated in PD pathogenesis. However, emerging evidence suggests that GSH depletion may itself play an active role in PD pathogenesis. This review aims to explore the contribution of GSH depletion to PD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Martin
- School of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Seefeldt T, Dwivedi C, Peitz G, Herman J, Carlson L, Zhang Z, Guan X. 2-Acetylamino-3-[4-(2-acetylamino-2-carboxyethylsulfanylcarbonylamino)- phenylcarbamoylsulfanyl]propionic acid and its derivatives as a novel class of glutathione reductase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2005; 48:5224-31. [PMID: 16078841 DOI: 10.1021/jm050030i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione. The enzyme is an attractive target for the development of antimalarial agents, agents to decrease malarial drug resistance and anticancer agents. In addition, inhibition of the enzyme has been employed as a tool in research for various purposes. In this paper, we present a rational design of 2-acetylamino-3-[4-(2-acetylamino-2-carboxyethylsulfanylcarbonylamino)phenylcarbamoylsulfanyl]propionic acid and its derivatives as irreversible GR inhibitors. The K(i) and k(inact) values of 2-acetylamino-3-[4-(2-acetylamino-2-carboxyethylsulfanylcarbonylamino)phenylcarbamoylsulfanyl]propionic acid, the most potent derivative of the series, are 88 muM and 0.1 min(-1), respectively. Although the K(i) value of the inhibitor is in the micromolar range, it is more potent than N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea, which is currently the most commonly employed irreversible GR inhibitor with a reported IC(50) value of 646 microM. Additional attractive features of the inhibitor include its ready availability through a one-step synthesis and good solubility in both organic and aqueous solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Seefeldt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ilan E, Tirosh O, Madar Z. Triacylglycerol-mediated oxidative stress inhibits nitric oxide production in rat isolated hepatocytes. J Nutr 2005; 135:2090-5. [PMID: 16140881 DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.9.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of triacylglycerol (TG) on nitric oxide (NO) production, expression of endothelial (e) and inducible (i) nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and variables related to oxidative stress in rat isolated hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were isolated and exposed to TG in the form of a lipid emulsion (0.01-0.1% LE). Exposure to LE dose dependently decreased nitrite levels. Nitrite levels were inhibited 67% and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were increased 250% at 0.1% LE. The decline in nitrite levels was accompanied by 37 and 67% reductions in iNOS and eNOS expressions, respectively. To evaluate whether the increased oxidative stress inhibited NOS synthesis, cells were treated for 48 h with rotenone (a mitochondrial complex 1 inhibitor) or buthionine sulfoximine (a glutathione synthesis inhibitor). Both compounds elevated ROS production, which was followed by inhibition of nitrite production. To determine whether there is an association between LE-mediated ROS production and the inhibition of NO synthesis by the LE, hepatocytes were treated with antioxidants. N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), ascorbate, and resveratrol attenuated the reduction of nitrite levels due to LE alone. NAC inhibited the reductions in eNOS and iNOS transcription and protein levels. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), one of the transcription factors involved in eNOS and iNOS transcriptional regulation, was decreased 15% in the nucleus by LE treatment. These results suggest that TG reduces nitrite production by elevating intracellular ROS levels (prolonged oxidative stress), and the downregulation of NOS enzymes may occur at least in part via the NFkappaB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erez Ilan
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nassar AEF, Kamel AM, Clarimont C. Improving the decision-making process in structural modification of drug candidates: reducing toxicity. Drug Discov Today 2005; 9:1055-64. [PMID: 15582794 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(04)03297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The rule of three, relating to activity-exposure-toxicity, presents the single most difficult challenge in the design and advancement of drug candidates to the development stage. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) studies are widely used in drug discovery to optimize this balance of properties necessary to convert lead compounds into drugs that are both safe and effective for human patients. Idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDRs; referred to as type B reactions, which are mainly caused by reactive metabolites) are one type of adverse drug reaction that is important to human health and safety. This review highlights the strategies for the decision-making process involving substructures that, when found in drugs, can form reactive metabolites and are involved in toxicities in humans; the tools used to reduce IDRs are also discussed. Several examples are included to show how toxicity studies have influenced and guided drug design. Investigations of reactive intermediate formation in subcellular fractions with the use of radiolabeled reagents are also discussed.
Collapse
|
11
|
Massicot F, Dutertre-Catella H, Pham-Huy C, Liu XH, Duc HT, Warnet JM. In vitro Assessment of Renal Toxicity and Inflammatory Events of Two Protein Phosphatase Inhibitors Cantharidin and Nor-Cantharidin*. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2005; 96:26-32. [PMID: 15667592 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto960104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In China, cantharidin has been reported to be active against various human cancers, but with severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity. In order to reduce this toxicity, its demethylated analogue nor-cantharidin has been synthesized and used in cancer therapy, but with only few data regarding safety assessment. The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro effects of cantharidin and nor-cantharidin on renal toxicity and on inflammatory events associated with tumoural process where protein phosphatases could be involved (energy status, prostanoid production, glutathione and nitrite contents) on RAW 264.7 and LLC-PK1 cells. In macrophages, both cantharidin and nor-cantharidin decreased cell viability, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. However, IC50 was lower with cantharidin than with nor-cantharidin. These two drugs significantly decreased the ATP level after 24 hr incubation. However, ATP decreased much more with cantharidin (up to 4 times) than with nor-cantharidin. When control macrophages were activated with lipopolysaccharide+interferon-gamma for 24 hr a significant increase in nitrite content and in prostanoids were observed. Addition of either drug decreased nitrite generation and prostanoids, however these decreases were greater with cantharidin than with nor-cantharidin. In LLC-PK1 cells, incubated with either cantharidin or nor-cantharidin, our results show significant differences between the two drugs, similar to those observed in peritoneal macrophages, except for GSH content with opposite variations in both cells. We provide a better understanding of the various mechanisms of cantharidin side effects, allowing an easier comparison with nor-cantharidin which could be an attractive therapeutic potential in cancer chemotherapy in western countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- France Massicot
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University René Descartes-Paris 5, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Horvath-Arcidiacono JA, Tsuyuki S, Mostowski H, Bloom ET. Human natural killer cell activity against porcine targets: modulation by control of the oxidation-reduction environment and role of adhesion molecule interactions. Cell Immunol 2003; 222:35-44. [PMID: 12798306 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-8749(03)00082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation, especially using porcine sources, has been proposed as a means to alleviate the shortage of human organs for transplantation. NK cells appear to be important mediators of the xenogeneic immune responses, including the human anti-pig response. Having previously established the redox regulation of NK cell activity against tumor target cells, we now report that the interaction of human NK cells with porcine target cells is also regulated by redox. Thiol-deprivation strongly diminished the capacity of IL-2-activated human NK cells to kill porcine endothelial cells. This inhibition correlated with reduced proliferation and interferon (IFN)-gamma production by IL-2-activated NK cells. For fresh NK cells, pretreatment with diethyl maleate (DEM), which was used to deplete intracellular thiols, reduced lysis of porcine and human targets. Because many adhesion molecules exhibit interspecies recognition, we further investigated whether changes in expression of adhesion molecules might explain our observations. DEM treatment reduced the expression of CD11b and CD29 on fresh NK cells. Monoclonal antibody blocking studies showed that the combination of mAb to CD11b and CD18 reduced lytic activity against both PAEC as well as K562, although other qualitative differences were observed between the porcine and human target cells. These findings suggest that the oxidative stress-induced downregulation of CD18 may be important in modulating cytotoxic activity of fresh NK cells against PAEC and K562 targets through reduced formation of the CD11b/CD18 heterodimer. Thus, the appropriate manipulation of redox status may provide a means to enhance survival of non-human animal tissues in humans through modulation of adhesion molecule expression/interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Horvath-Arcidiacono
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Purucker E, Marschall HU, Geier A, Gartung C, Matern S. Increase in renal glutathione in cholestatic liver disease is due to a direct effect of bile acids. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2002; 283:F1281-9. [PMID: 12388394 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00237.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic synthesis and plasma levels of glutathione are markedly decreased in chronic liver disease. Because glutathione turnover is highest in kidneys, we examined whether changes in kidney glutathione occur in chronic cholestasis and whether they are related to kidney dysfunction in liver disease. Kidney and plasma GSH and GSSG were measured 1) in bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats; 2) in healthy rats after bile acid loading to mimic cholestasis; and 3) after irreversible inhibition of glutathione synthetase with buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO), where glutathione consumption, urinary volume, and sodium excretion were also estimated. In addition, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) mRNA, protein, and enzymatic specific activity were measured in kidney tissue after BDL. After BDL, kidney GSH and GSSG increased within hours by 67 and 66%, respectively. The increases were not related to plasma glutathione, which decreased below control values. Intravenous bile acid loading caused identical increases in GSH and GSSG as occurred after BDL, when glycine- or taurine-conjugated dihydroxy bile acids were administered. Glutathione consumption, as estimated after blocking of de novo synthesis with BSO, was significantly increased after BDL (127 vs. 44 nmol x g-1 x min-1). gamma-GCS mRNA and enzymatic specific activity were significantly reduced 5 days after BDL, whereas protein concentrations did not change. The urinary sodium concentration was 70% lower in BDL than in control rats. Depletion of renal glutathione normalized sodium excretion by increasing urinary sodium concentration and urinary volume. The increase in kidney glutathione after BDL seems to be mediated by an increase in plasma bile acids and is critically related to sodium retention. The increase in GSH consumption despite reduced gamma-GCS activity indicates a decreased GSH turnover tentatively due to reduced renal GSH efflux by competition with organic anions at membrane transport proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Purucker
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical Faculty, Aachen University of Technology, D-52057 Aachen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|