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Wang C, Liu R, Luo W, Zhao P, Wang H. Retinoic acid signalling inhibits myogenesis by blocking MYOD translation in pig skeletal muscle cells. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2351973. [PMID: 38753962 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2351973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient in animals, playing important roles in animal health. In the pig industry, proper supplementation of vitamin A in the feed can improve pork production performance, while deficiency or excessive intake can lead to growth retardation or disease. However, the specific molecular mechanisms through which vitamin A operates on pig skeletal muscle growth as well as muscle stem cell function remain unexplored. Therefore, in this study, we isolated the pig primary skeletal muscle stem cells (pMuSCs) and treated with retinoic acid (RA), the natural metabolite of vitamin A, and then examined the myogenic capacity of pMuSCs via immunostaining, real-time PCR, CCK8 and western-blot analysis. Unexpectedly, the RA caused a significant decrease in the proliferation and differentiation of pMuSCs. Mechanistically, the RA addition induced the activation of retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARγ), which inhibited the myogenesis through the blockage of protein translation of the master myogenic regulator myogenic differentiation 1 gene (MYOD). Specifically, RARγ inactivate AKT kinase (AKT) signalling and lead to dephosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (eIF4EBP1), which in turn repress the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) complex and block mRNA translation of MYOD. Inhibition of AKT could rescue the myogenic defects of RA-treated pMuSCs. Our findings revealed that retinoid acid signalling inhibits the skeletal muscle stem cell proliferation and differentiation in pigs. Therefore, the vitamin A supplement in the feedstuff should be cautiously optimized to avoid the potential adverse consequences on muscle development associated with the excessive levels of retinoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ruige Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhe Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Pengxiang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Verdejo-Torres O, Klein DC, Novoa-Aponte L, Carrazco-Carrillo J, Bonilla-Pinto D, Rivera A, Fitisemanu F, Jiménez-González ML, Flinn L, Pezacki AT, Lanzirotti A, Ortiz-Frade LA, Chang CJ, Navea JG, Blaby-Haas C, Hainer SJ, Padilla-Benavides T. Cysteine Rich Intestinal Protein 2 is a copper-responsive regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.03.592485. [PMID: 38746126 PMCID: PMC11092763 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.592485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element required for respiration, neurotransmitter synthesis, oxidative stress response, and transcriptional regulation. Imbalance in Cu homeostasis can lead to several pathological conditions, affecting neuronal, cognitive, and muscular development. Mechanistically, Cu and Cu-binding proteins (Cu-BPs) have an important but underappreciated role in transcription regulation in mammalian cells. In this context, our lab investigates the contributions of novel Cu-BPs in skeletal muscle differentiation using murine primary myoblasts. Through an unbiased synchrotron X-ray fluorescence-mass spectrometry (XRF/MS) metalloproteomic approach, we identified the murine cysteine rich intestinal protein 2 (mCrip2) in a sample that showed enriched Cu signal, which was isolated from differentiating primary myoblasts derived from mouse satellite cells. Immunolocalization analyses showed that mCrip2 is abundant in both nuclear and cytosolic fractions. Thus, we hypothesized that mCrip2 might have differential roles depending on its cellular localization in the skeletal muscle lineage. mCrip2 is a LIM-family protein with 4 conserved Zn2+-binding sites. Homology and phylogenetic analyses showed that mammalian Crip2 possesses histidine residues near two of the Zn2+-binding sites (CX2C-HX2C) which are potentially implicated in Cu+-binding and competition with Zn2+. Biochemical characterization of recombinant human hsCRIP2 revealed a high Cu+-binding affinity for two and four Cu+ ions and limited redox potential. Functional characterization using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of mCrip2 in primary myoblasts did not impact proliferation, but impaired myogenesis by decreasing the expression of differentiation markers, possibly attributed to Cu accumulation. Transcriptome analyses of proliferating and differentiating mCrip2 KO myoblasts showed alterations in mRNA processing, protein translation, ribosome synthesis, and chromatin organization. CUT&RUN analyses showed that mCrip2 associates with a select set of gene promoters, including MyoD1 and metallothioneins, acting as a novel Cu-responsive or Cu-regulating protein. Our work demonstrates novel regulatory functions of mCrip2 that mediate skeletal muscle differentiation, presenting new features of the Cu-network in myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette Verdejo-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, CT, 06459. USA
| | - David C. Klein
- Department of Biological Sciences. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 15207. USA
| | - Lorena Novoa-Aponte
- Present address: Genetics and Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. USA
| | | | - Denzel Bonilla-Pinto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, CT, 06459. USA
| | - Antonio Rivera
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, CT, 06459. USA
| | | | | | - Lyra Flinn
- Chemistry Department. Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs New York, 12866. USA
| | - Aidan T. Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry. University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720. USA
| | - Antonio Lanzirotti
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Lemont, IL 60439. USA
| | | | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry. University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720. USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology. University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720. USA
| | - Juan G. Navea
- Chemistry Department. Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs New York, 12866. USA
| | - Crysten Blaby-Haas
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA & DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA. USA
| | - Sarah J. Hainer
- Department of Biological Sciences. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 15207. USA
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Careccia G, Mangiavini L, Cirillo F. Regulation of Satellite Cells Functions during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: A Critical Step in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:512. [PMID: 38203683 PMCID: PMC10778731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process involving the generation of new myofibers after trauma, competitive physical activity, or disease. In this context, adult skeletal muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells (SCs), play a crucial role in regulating muscle tissue homeostasis and activating regeneration. Alterations in their number or function have been associated with various pathological conditions. The main factors involved in the dysregulation of SCs' activity are inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. This review critically summarizes the current knowledge on the role of SCs in skeletal muscle regeneration. It examines the changes in the activity of SCs in three of the most common and severe muscle disorders: sarcopenia, muscular dystrophy, and cancer cachexia. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in their dysregulations is essential for improving current treatments, such as exercise, and developing personalized approaches to reactivate SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Careccia
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cirillo
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
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Schumacher T, Reyer H, Maak S, Röntgen M. Homer 1 genotype AA variant relates to congenital splay leg syndrome in piglets by repressing Pax7 in myogenic progenitors. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1028879. [PMID: 38099002 PMCID: PMC10719620 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1028879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Porcine congenital splay leg syndrome (PCS) is a major birth defect in piglets, resulting in lameness and high mortality rates. The multifactorial pathogenesis of PSC is not well understood but includes a polygenic inheritance. Methods Here, in addition to morphological investigations, we characterized the expression of myogenic genes and functional (proliferation and differentiation) properties of myogenic precursor/satellite cells (SATCs) in 1 day-old PCS piglets, non-affected littermates (LCs), and piglets from PCS-free healthy litters (HCs). In addition, PCS phenotypes were related to the SNP Homer1_rs325197091 within the Homer1 locus, which has been identified as a potential hereditary cause of PCS. Results and discussion Samples from musculus semitendinosus (ST) of PCS piglets had a higher proportion of type II fibers, reflecting myofiber immaturity. In addition, myofiber atrophy, a lower number of myonuclei per fiber (ST), and a higher apoptotic activity (in ST and longissimus dorsi muscle; LD) were found in the PCS group. A higher proportion of cycling committed myoblasts (Pax7+/Ki67+ cells) occurred in samples from PCS-affected piglets, and on the other hand, the mRNA expression of genes involved in differentiation (muscle differentiation 1; MyoD, myogenin; MyoG) was repressed compared with HCs. Cultured SATCs from PCS-affected animals showed a temporal shift in peak expression of Pax7, MyoD, and MyoG toward days 3 and 4 of their 7 days differentiation regime. In vitro experiments with isolated SATCs confirmed the lower differentiation potential and the delayed progression of the myogenic processes in cells from piglets with PCS phenotype. In addition, Pax7 and desmin were differently expressed in Homer1_rs325197091 genotype variants (GG, GA, and AA). Both genes showed the lowest expression in the homozygous AA-variant, which was most frequently found in PCS-affected animals. The homozygous AA-variant was also associated with lower expression of the truncated Homer1-subtype 205. Thus, we hypothesize that in PCS, the balance between Homer1 proteins and its signaling functions is changed in a way detrimental to the myogenic differentiation program. Our results demonstrated direct negative effects of the Homer1 AA genotype on Pax7 expression, but the exact mode of action still needs to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Schumacher
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Henry Reyer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Steffen Maak
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Monika Röntgen
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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Motohashi N, Minegishi K, Aoki Y. Inherited myogenic abilities in muscle precursor cells defined by the mitochondrial complex I-encoding protein. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:689. [PMID: 37857600 PMCID: PMC10587152 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle comprises different muscle fibers, including slow- and fast-type muscles, and satellite cells (SCs), which exist in individual muscle fibers and possess different myogenic properties. Previously, we reported that myoblasts (MBs) from slow-type enriched soleus (SOL) had a high potential to self-renew compared with cells derived from fast-type enriched tibialis anterior (TA). However, whether the functionality of myogenic cells in adult muscles is attributed to the muscle fiber in which they reside and whether the characteristics of myogenic cells derived from slow- and fast-type fibers can be distinguished at the genetic level remain unknown. Global gene expression analysis revealed that the myogenic potential of MBs was independent of the muscle fiber type they reside in but dependent on the region of muscles they are derived from. Thus, in this study, proteomic analysis was conducted to clarify the molecular differences between MBs derived from TA and SOL. NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) iron-sulfur protein 8 (Ndufs8), a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase in mitochondrial complex I, significantly increased in SOL-derived MBs compared with that in TA-derived cells. Moreover, the expression level of Ndufs8 in MBs significantly decreased with age. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed that Ndufs8 expression in MBs promoted differentiation, self-renewal, and apoptosis resistance. In particular, Ndufs8 suppression in MBs increased p53 acetylation, followed by a decline in NAD/NADH ratio. Nicotinamide mononucleotide treatment, which restores the intracellular NAD+ level, could decrease p53 acetylation and increase myogenic cell self-renewal ability in vivo. These results suggested that the functional differences in MBs derived from SOL and TA governed by the mitochondrial complex I-encoding gene reflect the magnitude of the decline in SC number observed with aging, indicating that the replenishment of NAD+ is a possible approach for improving impaired cellular functions caused by aging or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Motohashi
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Katsura Minegishi
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Aoki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
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Feng X, Wang AH, Juan AH, Ko KD, Jiang K, Riparini G, Ciuffoli V, Kaba A, Lopez C, Naz F, Jarnik M, Aliberti E, Hu S, Segalés J, Khateb M, Acevedo-Luna N, Randazzo D, Cheung TH, Muñoz-Cánoves P, Dell'Orso S, Sartorelli V. Polycomb Ezh1 maintains murine muscle stem cell quiescence through non-canonical regulation of Notch signaling. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1052-1070.e10. [PMID: 37105173 PMCID: PMC10330238 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Organismal homeostasis and regeneration are predicated on committed stem cells that can reside for long periods in a mitotically dormant but reversible cell-cycle arrest state defined as quiescence. Premature escape from quiescence is detrimental, as it results in stem cell depletion, with consequent defective tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Here, we report that Polycomb Ezh1 confers quiescence to murine muscle stem cells (MuSCs) through a non-canonical function. In the absence of Ezh1, MuSCs spontaneously exit quiescence. Following repeated injuries, the MuSC pool is progressively depleted, resulting in failure to sustain proper muscle regeneration. Rather than regulating repressive histone H3K27 methylation, Ezh1 maintains gene expression of the Notch signaling pathway in MuSCs. Selective genetic reconstitution of the Notch signaling corrects stem cell number and re-establishes quiescence of Ezh1-/- MuSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Feng
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Hongjun Wang
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aster H Juan
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kyung Dae Ko
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kan Jiang
- Biodata Mining & Discovery Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giulia Riparini
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Ciuffoli
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aissah Kaba
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Lopez
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Faiza Naz
- Genomic Technology Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michal Jarnik
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Aliberti
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shenyuan Hu
- Division of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jessica Segalés
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mamduh Khateb
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalia Acevedo-Luna
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Tom H Cheung
- Division of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Altos Labs Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Vittorio Sartorelli
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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7
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Fujita R, Mizuno S, Sadahiro T, Hayashi T, Sugasawa T, Sugiyama F, Ono Y, Takahashi S, Ieda M. Generation of a MyoD knock-in reporter mouse line to study muscle stem cell dynamics and heterogeneity. iScience 2023; 26:106592. [PMID: 37250337 PMCID: PMC10214404 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD) dynamics define the activation status of muscle stem cells (MuSCs), aiding in muscle tissue regeneration after injury. However, the lack of experimental platforms to monitor MyoD dynamics in vitro and in vivo has hampered the investigation of fate determination and heterogeneity of MuSCs. Herein, we report a MyoD knock-in (MyoD-KI) reporter mouse expressing tdTomato at the endogenous MyoD locus. Expression of tdTomato in MyoD-KI mice recapitulated the endogenous MyoD expression dynamics in vitro and during the early phase of regeneration in vivo. Additionally, we showed that tdTomato fluorescence intensity defines MuSC activation status without immunostaining. Based on these features, we developed a high-throughput screening system to assess the effects of drugs on the behavior of MuSCs in vitro. Thus, MyoD-KI mice are an invaluable resource for studying the dynamics of MuSCs, including their fate decisions and heterogeneity, and for drug screening in stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Fujita
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Taketaro Sadahiro
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takuto Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takehito Sugasawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Examination and Sports Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sugiyama
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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8
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Lim S, Lee DE, Morena da Silva F, Koopmans PJ, Vechetti IJ, von Walden F, Greene NP, Murach KA. MicroRNA control of the myogenic cell transcriptome and proteome: the role of miR-16. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C1101-C1109. [PMID: 36971422 PMCID: PMC10191132 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00071.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) control stem cell biology and fate. Ubiquitously expressed and conserved miR-16 was the first miR implicated in tumorigenesis. miR-16 is low in muscle during developmental hypertrophy and regeneration. It is enriched in proliferating myogenic progenitor cells but is repressed during differentiation. The induction of miR-16 blocks myoblast differentiation and myotube formation, whereas knockdown enhances these processes. Despite a central role for miR-16 in myogenic cell biology, how it mediates its potent effects is incompletely defined. In this investigation, global transcriptomic and proteomic analyses after miR-16 knockdown in proliferating C2C12 myoblasts revealed how miR-16 influences myogenic cell fate. Eighteen hours after miR-16 inhibition, ribosomal protein gene expression levels were higher relative to control myoblasts and p53 pathway-related gene abundance was lower. At the protein level at this same time point, miR-16 knockdown globally upregulated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle proteins while downregulating RNA metabolism-related proteins. miR-16 inhibition induced specific proteins associated with myogenic differentiation such as ACTA2, EEF1A2, and OPA1. We extend prior work in hypertrophic muscle tissue and show that miR-16 is lower in mechanically overloaded muscle in vivo. Our data collectively point to how miR-16 is implicated in aspects of myogenic cell differentiation. A deeper understanding of the role of miR-16 in myogenic cells has consequences for muscle developmental growth, exercise-induced hypertrophy, and regenerative repair after injury, all of which involve myogenic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongkyun Lim
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - David E Lee
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Francielly Morena da Silva
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Pieter J Koopmans
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Ivan J Vechetti
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States
| | - Ferdinand von Walden
- Neuropediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
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9
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Yeh CJ, Sattler KM, Lepper C. Molecular regulation of satellite cells via intercellular signaling. Gene 2023; 858:147172. [PMID: 36621659 PMCID: PMC9928918 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Somatic stem cells are tissue-specific reserve cells tasked to sustain tissue homeostasis in adulthood and/or effect tissue regeneration after traumatic injury. The stem cells of skeletal muscle tissue are the satellite cells, which were originally described and named after their localization beneath the muscle fiber lamina and attached to the multi-nucleated muscle fibers. During adult homeostasis, satellite cells are maintained in quiescence, a state of reversible cell cycle arrest. Yet, upon injury, satellite cells are rapidly activated, becoming highly mitotically active to generate large numbers of myoblasts that differentiate and fuse to regenerate the injured muscle fibers. A subset self-renews to replenish the pool of muscle stem cells.Complex intrinsic gene regulatory networks maintain the quiescent state of satellite cells, or upon injury, direct their activation, proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal. Molecular cues from the satellite cells' environment provide the essential information as to when and where satellite cells are to stay quiescent or break quiescence and effect regenerative myogenesis. Predominantly, these cues are secreted, diffusible or membrane-bound ligands that bind to and activate their specific cognate receptors on the satellite cell to activate downstream signaling cascades and elicit context-specific cell behavior. This review aims to offer a concise overview of major intercellular signaling pathways regulating satellite cells during quiescence and in injury-induced skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ju Yeh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kristina M Sattler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christoph Lepper
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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10
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Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells in Aging: Asymmetric/Symmetric Division Switching. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14122676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In aged muscle, satellite cells’ symmetric and asymmetric divisions are impaired, and intrinsic and extrinsic complex mechanisms govern these processes. This review presents many updated aspects regarding muscle stem cells’ fate in normal and aging conditions. The balance between self-renewal and commitment divisions contributes to muscle regeneration, muscle homeostasis, aging, and disease. Stimulating muscle regeneration in aging could be a therapeutic target, but there is still a need to understand the many mechanisms that influence each other in satellite cells and their niche. We highlight here the general outlines regarding satellite cell divisions, the primary markers present in muscle stem cells, the aging aspects concerning signaling pathways involved in symmetric/asymmetric divisions, the regenerative capacity of satellite cells and their niche alteration in senescent muscle, genetics and epigenetics mechanisms implied in satellite cells aging and exercise effect on muscle regeneration in the elderly.
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11
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Li Y, Fu B, Zhang J, Wang G, Tian J, Li H, Xia Y, Xie J, Yu E. Comparative genome-wide methylation analysis reveals epigenetic regulation of muscle development in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fed with whole faba bean. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14403. [PMID: 36438576 PMCID: PMC9686415 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Crisp grass carp (CGC), the most representative improved varieties of grass carp (GC), features higher muscle hardness after feeding faba bean (Vicia faba L.) for 90-120 days. DNA methylation, a most widely studied epigenetic modification, plays an essential role in muscle development. Previous studies have identified numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CGC and GC. However, it remains unknown if the expression levels of these DEGs are influenced by DNA methylation. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of DNA methylation profiles between CGC and GC, and identified important candidate genes related to muscle development coupled with the transcriptome sequencing data. A total of 9,318 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) corresponding to 155,760 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified between the two groups under the CG context in promoter regions. Combined with the transcriptome sequencing data, 14 key genes related to muscle development were identified, eight of which (gsk3b, wnt8a, wnt11, axin2, stat1, stat2, jak2, hsp90) were involved in muscle fiber hyperplasia, six of which (tgf-β1, col1a1, col1a2, col1a3, col4a1, col18a1) were associated with collagen synthesis in crisp grass carp. The difference of methylation levels in the key genes might lead to the expression difference, further resulting in the increase of muscle hardness in crisp grass carp. Overall, this study can help further understand how faba bean modulates muscle development by the epigenetic modifications, providing novel insights into the texture quality improvement in other aquaculture fish species by nutritional programming.
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12
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MSTN Regulatory Network in Mongolian Horse Muscle Satellite Cells Revealed with miRNA Interference Technologies. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101836. [PMID: 36292721 PMCID: PMC9601437 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, inhibits the activation of muscle satellite cells. However, the role and regulatory network of MSTN in equine muscle cells are not well understood yet. We discovered that MSTN knockdown significantly reduces the proliferation rate of equine muscle satellite cells. In addition, after the RNA sequencing of equine satellite cells transfected with MSTN-interference plasmid and control plasmid, an analysis of the differentially expressed genes was carried out. It was revealed that MSTN regulatory networks mainly involve genes related to muscle function and cell-cycle regulation, and signaling pathways, such as Notch, MAPK, and WNT. Subsequent real-time PCR in equine satellite cells and immunohistochemistry on newborn and adult muscle also verified the MSTN regulatory network found in RNA sequencing analysis. The results of this study provide new insight into the regulatory mechanism of equine MSTN.
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13
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Wang L, Chen Z, Feng Y, Wang R, Bai X, Liu W, Wang D. RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis of 4-octyl itaconate repressing myogenic differentiation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 731:109420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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McKee CM, Chapski DJ, Wehling-Henricks M, Rosa-Garrido M, Kuro-O M, Vondriska TM, Tidball JG. The anti-aging protein Klotho affects early postnatal myogenesis by downregulating Jmjd3 and the canonical Wnt pathway. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22192. [PMID: 35174906 PMCID: PMC9007106 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101298r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Modulating the number of muscle stems cells, called satellite cells, during early postnatal development produces long-term effects on muscle growth. We tested the hypothesis that high expression levels of the anti-aging protein Klotho in early postnatal myogenesis increase satellite cell numbers by influencing the epigenetic regulation of genes that regulate myogenesis. Our findings show that elevated klotho expression caused a transient increase in satellite cell numbers and slowed muscle fiber growth, followed by a period of accelerated muscle growth that leads to larger fibers. Klotho also transcriptionally downregulated the H3K27 demethylase Jmjd3, leading to increased H3K27 methylation and decreased expression of genes in the canonical Wnt pathway, which was associated with a delay in muscle differentiation. In addition, Klotho stimulation and Jmjd3 downregulation produced similar but not additive reductions in the expression of Wnt4, Wnt9a, and Wnt10a in myogenic cells, indicating that inhibition occurred through a common pathway. Together, our results identify a novel pathway through which Klotho influences myogenesis by reducing the expression of Jmjd3, leading to reductions in the expression of Wnt genes and inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M McKee
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Douglas J Chapski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle Wehling-Henricks
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Manuel Rosa-Garrido
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Division of Anti-Aging Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Thomas M Vondriska
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Departments of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - James G Tidball
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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15
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Yu S, Ren B, Chen H, Goltzman D, Yan J, Miao D. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D deficiency induces sarcopenia by inducing skeletal muscle cell senescence. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:12638-12649. [PMID: 34956479 PMCID: PMC8661220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To determine if 1,25(OH)2D deficiency can induce age-related sarcopenia, the skeletal muscular phenotype of male wild-type (WT) and Cyp27b1 knockout (KO) mice were compared at 3 and 6 months of age. We found that muscle mass, grip strength and muscle fiber size were significantly decreased in aging Cyp27b1 KO male mice. The expression levels of genes related to mitochondrial metabolic activity, and antioxidant enzymes including SOD1, catalase, Nqo1 and Gcs were significantly down-regulated in skeletal muscle tissue of Cyp27b1 KO male mice; in contrast, the percentage of p16+ and p21+ myofibers, and the expression of p16, p19, p21, p53, TNFα, IL6 and MMP3 at mRNA and/or protein levels were significantly increased. We then injected tibialis anterior muscle of WT and Cyp27b1+/- male mice with BaCl2, and analyzed the regenerative ability of skeletal muscle cells 7 days later. The results revealed that the numbers of newly formed regenerating central nucleated fibers (CNF), the percentage of BrdU+ cells and the expression of MyoD, MyHC and Myf5 at mRNA levels were significantly down-regulated in the injured skeletal muscle tissue of Cyp27b1+/- mice. In summary, our studies indicate that 1,25(OH)2D deficiency can result in the development of age-related sarcopenia by inducing oxidative stress, skeletal muscular cell senescence and SASP, and by inhibiting skeletal muscle regeneration. Cyp27b1 KO mice can therefore be used as an animal model of age-related sarcopenia in order to investigate the pathogenesis of age-related sarcopenia and potentially to test intervention measures for treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiang Yu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai UniversityShanghai, China
- Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Biqi Ren
- Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Haiyun Chen
- The Research Center for Aging, Friendship Affiliated Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - David Goltzman
- Calcium Research Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill UniversityMontreal, Canada
| | - Jianshe Yan
- School of Medicine, Shanghai UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
- The Research Center for Aging, Friendship Affiliated Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
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16
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Wang B, Guo J, Zhang M, Liu Z, Zhou R, Guo F, Li K, Mu Y. Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Regulates the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Porcine Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells via Myostatin/MYOD Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:685593. [PMID: 34712657 PMCID: PMC8545900 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.685593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the genes relevant for muscle development is pivotal to improve meat production and quality in pigs. Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), a thiol zinc-metalloendopeptidase, has been known to regulate the myogenic process of mouse and rat myoblast cell lines, while its myogenic role in pigs remained elusive. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify the effects of IDE on the proliferation and apoptosis of porcine skeletal muscle stem cells (PSMSCs) and underlying molecular mechanism. We found that IDE was widely expressed in porcine tissues, including kidney, lung, spleen, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle. Then, to explore the effects of IDE on the proliferation and apoptosis of PSMSCs, we subjected the cells to siRNA-mediated knockdown of IDE expression, which resulted in promoted cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis. As one of key transcription factors in myogenesis, MYOD, its expression was also decreased with IDE knockdown. To further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism, RNA sequencing was performed. Among transcripts perturbed by the IDE knockdown after, a downregulated gene myostatin (MSTN) which is known as a negative regulator for muscle growth attracted our interest. Indeed, MSTN knockdown led to similar results as those of the IDE knockdown, with upregulation of cell cycle-related genes, downregulation of MYOD as well as apoptosis-related genes, and enhanced cell proliferation. Taken together, our findings suggest that IDE regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of PSMSCs via MSTN/MYOD pathway. Thus, we recruit IDE to the gene family of regulators for porcine skeletal muscle development and propose IDE as an example of gene to prioritize in order to improve pork production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyuan Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiankang Guo
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingrui Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulian Mu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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The Role of Satellite Cells in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration-The Effect of Exercise and Age. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101056. [PMID: 34681155 PMCID: PMC8533525 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Studies describing the effects of various forms of exercise and age on muscle regeneration were reviewed. Satellite cells are a heterogeneous group of cells that includes stem cells and skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Each skeletal muscle fiber has its own pool of satellite cells that remain inactive until the muscle is damaged. Minor damage within the cell membrane of muscle fibers is patched by fusing intracellular vesicles with the damaged sarcolemma. More severe muscle damage initiates a multistep regeneration process in which satellite cells play an essential role. The condition that initiates the cascade of reactions is the formation of inflammation at the structural discontinuity site, resulting in satellite cell activation. The multitude of reactions and pathways occurring during this process means that many different substances are involved in it and control it. Not all of them are well-understood yet. In parallel, the body’s own population of satellite cells is being rebuilt so that more fibers can be regenerated in the future. Athletes and the elderly are primarily at risk for muscle damage, and pathologies in muscle fiber regeneration cause serious diseases. Abstract The population of satellite cells (mSCs) is highly diversified. The cells comprising it differ in their ability to regenerate their own population and differentiate, as well as in the properties they exhibit. The heterogeneity of this group of cells is evidenced by multiple differentiating markers that enable their recognition, classification, labeling, and characterization. One of the main tasks of satellite cells is skeletal muscle regeneration. Myofibers are often damaged during vigorous exercise in people who participate in sports activities. The number of satellite cells and the speed of the regeneration processes that depend on them affect the time structure of an athlete’s training. This process depends on inflammatory cells. The multitude of reactions and pathways that occur during the regeneration process results in the participation and control of many factors that are activated and secreted during muscle fiber damage and at different stages of its regeneration. However, not all of them are well understood yet. This paper presents the current state of knowledge on satellite cell-dependent skeletal muscle regeneration. Studies describing the effects of various forms of exercise and age on this process were reviewed.
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18
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Sosa P, Alcalde-Estévez E, Asenjo-Bueno A, Plaza P, Carrillo-López N, Olmos G, López-Ongil S, Ruiz-Torres MP. Aging-related hyperphosphatemia impairs myogenic differentiation and enhances fibrosis in skeletal muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1266-1279. [PMID: 34337906 PMCID: PMC8517361 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperphosphatemia has been related to the development of sarcopenia in aging mice. We describe the intracellular mechanisms involved in the impairment of the myogenic differentiation promoted by hyperphosphatemia and analyse these mechanisms in the muscle from older mice. METHODS C2 C12 cells were grown in 2% horse serum in order to promote myogenic differentiation, in the presence or absence of 10 mM beta-glycerophosphate (BGP) for 7 days. Troponin T, paired box 7 (Pax-7), myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2C), P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), fibronectin, vimentin, and collagen I were analysed at 48, 72, and 168 h, by western blotting or by immunofluorescence staining visualized by confocal microscopy. Studies in mice were performed in 5- and 24-month-old C57BL6 mice. Three months before sacrifice, 21-month-old mice were fed with a standard diet or a low phosphate diet, containing 0.6% or 0.2% phosphate, respectively. Serum phosphate concentration was assessed by a colorimetric method and forelimb strength by a grip test. Fibrosis was observed in the tibialis anterior muscle by Sirius Red staining. In gastrocnemius muscle, MyoG, MEF2C, and fibronectin expressions were analysed by western blotting. RESULTS Cells differentiated in the presence of BGP showed near five times less expression of troponin T and kept higher levels of Pax-7 than control cells indicating a reduced myogenic differentiation. BGP reduced Myf5 about 50% and diminished MyoD transcriptional activity by increasing the expression of HDAC1 and reducing the expression of PCAF. Consequently, BGP reduced to 50% the expression of MyoG and MEF2C. A significant increase in the expression of fibrosis markers as collagen I, vimentin, and fibronectin was found in cells treated with BGP. In mice, serum phosphate (17.24 ± 0.77 mg/dL young; 23.23 ± 0.81 mg/dL old; 19.09 ± 0.75 mg/dL old with low phosphate diet) correlates negatively (r = -0.515, P = 0.001) with the muscular strength (3.13 ± 0.07 gf/g young; 1.70 ± 0.12 gf/g old; 2.10 ± 0.09 gf/g old with low phosphate diet) and with the expression of MyoG (r = -0.535, P = 0.007) and positively with the expression of fibronectin (r = 0.503, P = 0.001) in gastrocnemius muscle. The tibialis anterior muscle from old mice showed muscular fibrosis. Older mice fed with a low phosphate diet showed improved muscular parameters relative to control mice of similar age. CONCLUSIONS Hyperphosphatemia impairs myogenic differentiation, by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of MyoD, and enhances the expression of fibrotic genes in cultured myoblasts. Experiments carried out in older mice demonstrate a close relationship between age-related hyperphosphatemia and the decrease in the expression of myogenic factors and the increase in factors related to muscle fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sosa
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Alcalde-Estévez
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Asenjo-Bueno
- Unidad de Investigación de la Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Plaza
- Unidad de Investigación de la Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Carrillo-López
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gemma Olmos
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN) de la Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain.,Area 3-Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana López-Ongil
- Unidad de Investigación de la Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN) de la Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain.,Area 3-Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Piedad Ruiz-Torres
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN) de la Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain.,Area 3-Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Partridge TA. Enhancing Interrogation of Skeletal Muscle Samples for Informative Quantitative Data. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 8:S257-S269. [PMID: 34511511 PMCID: PMC8673506 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-210736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Careful quantitative analysis of histological preparations of muscle samples is crucial to accurate investigation of myopathies in man and of interpretation of data from animals subjected to experimental or potentially therapeutic treatments. Protocols for measuring cell numbers are subject to problems arising from biases associated with preparative and analytical techniques. Prominent among these is the effect of polarized structure of skeletal muscle on sampling bias. It is also common in this tissue to collect data as ratios to convenient reference dominators, the fundamental bases of which are ill-defined, or unrecognized or not accurately assessable. Use of such 'floating' denominators raises a barrier to estimation of the absolute values that assume practical importance in medical research, where accurate comparison between different scenarios in different species is essential to the aim of translating preclinical research findings in animal models to clinical utility in Homo sapiens.This review identifies some of the underappreciated problems with current morphometric practice, some of which are exacerbated in skeletal muscle, and evaluates the extent of their intrusiveness into the of building an objective, accurate, picture of the structure of the muscle sample. It also contains recommendations for eliminating or at least minimizing these problems. Principal among these, would be the use of stereological procedures to avoid the substantial counting biases arising from inter-procedure differences in object size and section thickness.Attention is also drawn to the distortions of interpretation arising from use of undefined or inappropriate denominators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence A Partridge
- Professor of Integrative Systemic Biology, George Washington University, Washington DC.,Honorary Professor, Institute of Child Health, University College London
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20
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Yamanouchi K, Nakamura K, Takeuchi S, Hosoyama T, Matsuwaki T, Nishihara M. Suppression of MyoD induces spontaneous adipogenesis in skeletal muscle progenitor cell culture. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13573. [PMID: 34231933 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The degree of intramuscular adipose tissue accumulation is one of the factors affecting meat quality. Accumulation of adipocytes is also observed under the pathological condition of skeletal muscle such as muscular dystrophy and sarcopenia. The origin of adipocytes seen in skeletal muscle is mesenchymal progenitor cells that can give rise to both adipocytes and fibroblasts. In the present study, we demonstrated that siRNA-mediated suppression of MyoD expression in rat skeletal muscle progenitor cell culture, which comprises both myogenic satellite cells and mesenchymal progenitor cells, resulted in diminished myotube formation and an unexpected spontaneous appearance of white adipocytes. Suppressing myomaker expression also resulted in complete absence of myotube formation without reducing MyoD expression, but no adipogenesis was seen in this scenario, indicating that decline in MyoD expression rather than decreased myotube formation is necessary to induce adipogenesis. In addition, spontaneous adipogenesis induced by suppressing MyoD expression in culture was inhibited by the conditioned medium from control culture, indicating that anti-adipogenic factor(s) are secreted from MyoD-positive myogenic cells. These results indicate the presence of regulatory mechanism on adipogenesis by myogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Yamanouchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Hosoyama
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disease, The Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuwaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masugi Nishihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Wang J, Clark DL, Jacobi SK, Velleman SG. Alpha-tocopherol acetate and alpha lipoic acid may mitigate the development of wooden breast myopathy in broilers at an early age. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:749-758. [PMID: 33988058 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1927985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. The objective of this study was to identify the effects of the antioxidant alpha-tocopherol acetate (ATA) and alpha lipoic acid (ALA) which have anti-inflammatory effects on developmental onset, severity and the progression of wooden breast (WB) based on Pectoralis major (P. major) muscle morphology and expression of genes associated with WB during the first three weeks post-hatch.2. A total of 160 newly hatched Ross 708 broiler chicks were randomly assigned in a replicated trial to either a control group or three dietary treatments (ATA 160 mg/kg feed, ALA 500 mg/kg feed or in combination).3. Microscopic changes associated with WB began at one week of age in all groups. The ATA acetate and ALA fed in combination decreased WB severity at two weeks of age (P = 0.05) and ATA alone or in combination reduced severity at three weeks of age compared to the control group (P = 0.05). Expression of myogenic determination factor 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma was reduced in all dietary treatments compared to the control at three weeks of age (P ≤ 0.05), which suggested reduced muscle degeneration and lipid deposition.4. ATA and ALA fed both independently and in combination had a positive effect on mitigating WB severity microscopically as early as two weeks of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - D L Clark
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - S K Jacobi
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - S G Velleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
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22
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Massenet J, Gardner E, Chazaud B, Dilworth FJ. Epigenetic regulation of satellite cell fate during skeletal muscle regeneration. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:4. [PMID: 33431060 PMCID: PMC7798257 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to muscle injury, muscle stem cells integrate environmental cues in the damaged tissue to mediate regeneration. These environmental cues are tightly regulated to ensure expansion of muscle stem cell population to repair the damaged myofibers while allowing repopulation of the stem cell niche. These changes in muscle stem cell fate result from changes in gene expression that occur in response to cell signaling from the muscle environment. Integration of signals from the muscle environment leads to changes in gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. Such mechanisms, including post-translational modification of chromatin and nucleosome repositioning, act to make specific gene loci more, or less, accessible to the transcriptional machinery. In youth, the muscle environment is ideally structured to allow for coordinated signaling that mediates efficient regeneration. Both age and disease alter the muscle environment such that the signaling pathways that shape the healthy muscle stem cell epigenome are altered. Altered epigenome reduces the efficiency of cell fate transitions required for muscle repair and contributes to muscle pathology. However, the reversible nature of epigenetic changes holds out potential for restoring cell fate potential to improve muscle repair in myopathies. In this review, we will describe the current knowledge of the mechanisms allowing muscle stem cell fate transitions during regeneration and how it is altered in muscle disease. In addition, we provide some examples of how epigenetics could be harnessed therapeutically to improve regeneration in various muscle pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Massenet
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Mailbox 511, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS 5310, INSERM U1217, 8 Rockefeller Ave, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Edward Gardner
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Mailbox 511, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS 5310, INSERM U1217, 8 Rockefeller Ave, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - F Jeffrey Dilworth
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Mailbox 511, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada. .,LIFE Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
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Tan CM, Najib NAM, Suhaimi NF, Halid NA, Cho VV, Abdullah SI, Ismail MZ, Khor SC, Jaafar F, Makpol S. Modulation of Ki67 and myogenic regulatory factor expression by tocotrienol-rich fraction ameliorates myogenic program of senescent human myoblasts. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:752-763. [PMID: 34025846 PMCID: PMC8130490 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.85449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Replicative senescence results in dysregulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, which plays a role in the regenerative defects observed during age-related muscle atrophy. Vitamin E is a well-known antioxidant, which potentially ameliorates a wide range of age-related manifestations. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) in modulating the expression of proliferation- and differentiation-associated proteins in senescent human myoblasts during the differentiation phase. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human skeletal muscle myoblasts were cultured until senescence. Young and senescent cells were treated with TRF for 24 h before and after differentiation induction, followed by evaluation of cellular morphology and efficiency of differentiation. Expression of cell proliferation marker Ki67 protein and myogenic regulatory factors MyoD and myogenin were determined. RESULTS Our findings showed that treatment with TRF significantly improved the morphology of senescent myoblasts. Promotion of differentiation was observed in young and senescent myoblasts with TRF treatment as shown by the increased fusion index and larger size of myotubes. Increased Ki67 and myogenin expression with TRF treatment was also observed in senescent myoblasts, suggesting amelioration of the myogenic program by TRF during replicative senescence. CONCLUSIONS TRF modulates the expression of regulatory factors related to proliferation and differentiation in senescent human myoblasts and could be beneficial for ameliorating the regenerative defects during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Min Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadwa Aqeela Mohd Najib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farahin Suhaimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Alia Halid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vi Vien Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Idham Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zulhilmi Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shy Cian Khor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Faizul Jaafar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
The resident stem cell for skeletal muscle is the satellite cell. On the 50th anniversary of its discovery in 1961, we described the history of skeletal muscle research and the seminal findings made during the first 20 years in the life of the satellite cell (Scharner and Zammit 2011, doi: 10.1186/2044-5040-1-28). These studies established the satellite cell as the source of myoblasts for growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Now on the 60th anniversary, we highlight breakthroughs in the second phase of satellite cell research from 1980 to 2000. These include technical innovations such as isolation of primary satellite cells and viable muscle fibres complete with satellite cells in their niche, together with generation of many useful reagents including genetically modified organisms and antibodies still in use today. New methodologies were combined with description of endogenous satellite cells markers, notably Pax7. Discovery of the muscle regulatory factors Myf5, MyoD, myogenin, and MRF4 in the late 1980s revolutionized understanding of the control of both developmental and regerenative myogenesis. Emergence of genetic lineage markers facilitated identification of satellite cells in situ, and also empowered transplantation studies to examine satellite cell function. Finally, satellite cell heterogeneity and the supportive role of non-satellite cell types in muscle regeneration were described. These major advances in methodology and in understanding satellite cell biology provided further foundations for the dramatic escalation of work on muscle stem cells in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise N. Engquist
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Peter S. Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Correspondence to: Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK. E-mail:
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25
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Zhang H, Wen J, Bigot A, Chen J, Shang R, Mouly V, Bi P. Human myotube formation is determined by MyoD-Myomixer/Myomaker axis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc4062. [PMID: 33355126 PMCID: PMC11206528 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Myoblast fusion is essential for formations of myofibers, the basic cellular and functional units of skeletal muscles. Recent genetic studies in mice identified two long-sought membrane proteins, Myomaker and Myomixer, which cooperatively drive myoblast fusion. It is unknown whether and how human muscles, with myofibers of tremendously larger size, use this mechanism to achieve multinucleations. Here, we report an interesting fusion model of human myoblasts where Myomaker is sufficient to induce low-grade fusion, while Myomixer boosts its efficiency to generate giant myotubes. By CRISPR mutagenesis and biochemical assays, we identified MyoD as the key molecular switch of fusion that is required and sufficient to initiate Myomixer and Myomaker expression. Mechanistically, we defined the E-box motifs on promoters of Myomixer and Myomaker by which MyoD induces their expression for multinucleations of human muscle cells. Together, our study uncovered the key molecular apparatus and the transcriptional control mechanism underlying human myoblast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Junfei Wen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Anne Bigot
- Center for Research in Myology UMRS974, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Myology Institute AIM, Paris, France
| | - Jiacheng Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Renjie Shang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Center for Research in Myology UMRS974, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Myology Institute AIM, Paris, France
| | - Pengpeng Bi
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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26
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Damaged Myofiber-Derived Metabolic Enzymes Act as Activators of Muscle Satellite Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:926-940. [PMID: 32888505 PMCID: PMC7561495 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle satellite cells are normally quiescent but are rapidly activated following muscle damage. Here, we investigated whether damaged myofibers influence the activation of satellite cells. Our findings revealed that satellite cells are directly activated by damaged-myofiber-derived factors (DMDFs). DMDFs induced satellite cells to enter the cell cycle; however, the cells stayed at the G1 phase and did not undergo S phase, and these cells were reversible to the quiescent-like state. Proteome analysis identified metabolic enzymes, including GAPDH, as DMDFs, whose recombinant proteins stimulated the activation of satellite cells. Satellite cells pre-exposed to the DMDFs demonstrated accelerated proliferation ex vivo. Treatment with recombinant GAPDH prior to muscle injury promoted expansion of the satellite cell population in vivo. Thus, our results indicate that DMDFs are not only a set of biomarkers for muscle damage, but also act as moonlighting proteins involved in satellite cell activation at the initial step of muscle regeneration.
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27
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Muire PJ, Mangum LH, Wenke JC. Time Course of Immune Response and Immunomodulation During Normal and Delayed Healing of Musculoskeletal Wounds. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1056. [PMID: 32582170 PMCID: PMC7287024 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Single trauma injuries or isolated fractures are often manageable and generally heal without complications. In contrast, high-energy trauma results in multi/poly-trauma injury patterns presenting imbalanced pro- and anti- inflammatory responses often leading to immune dysfunction. These injuries often exhibit delayed healing, leading to fibrosis of injury sites and delayed healing of fractures depending on the intensity of the compounding traumas. Immune dysfunction is accompanied by a temporal shift in the innate and adaptive immune cells distribution, triggered by the overwhelming release of an arsenal of inflammatory mediators such as complements, cytokines and damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from necrotic cells. Recent studies have implicated this dysregulated inflammation in the poor prognosis of polytraumatic injuries, however, interventions focusing on immunomodulating inflammatory cellular composition and activation, if administered incorrectly, can result in immune suppression and unintended outcomes. Immunomodulation therapy is promising but should be conducted with consideration for the spatial and temporal distribution of the immune cells during impaired healing. This review describes the current state of knowledge in the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of immune cells at various stages during musculoskeletal wound healing, with a focus on recent advances in the field of Osteoimmunology, a study of the interface between the immune and skeletal systems, in long bone fractures. The goals of this review are to (1) discuss wound and fracture healing processes of normal and delayed healing in skeletal muscles and long bones; (2) provide a balanced perspective on temporal distributions of immune cells and skeletal cells during healing; and (3) highlight recent therapeutic interventions used to improve fracture healing. This review is intended to promote an understanding of the importance of inflammation during normal and delayed wound and fracture healing. Knowledge gained will be instrumental in developing novel immunomodulatory approaches for impaired healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti J. Muire
- Orthopaedic Trauma Research Department, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
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28
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Chen YC, Aui SP, Lai YS, Chang KT. Adult Stem Cells in Hibernation: Future Perspectives of Space Travel. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:381-387. [PMID: 31474026 PMCID: PMC6881040 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc19048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Space traveling is imperative for mankind in the future. Expectedly, hibernation will become an option for space traveler to overcome the endless voyage. With regard to some of the studies pointed out that during hibernation, muscle will undergo atrophy and meantime neurogenesis will reduce, these obstacles were frequently related with stem cell regeneration. Thus, investigation on whether hibernation will lead to dysfunction of stem cell becomes an important issue. By going through four main systems in this article, such as, hematopoietic system, skeletal muscle system, central nervous system and orthopedic system, we are expecting that stem cells regeneration capacity will be affected by hibernation. To date, these researches are majorly the read-out from short term or seasonal hibernating mammals. Proposing and creating a simulated long-term hibernation animal model is turning essential for the further investigation on the effect of longer period of hibernation to human stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chih Chen
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Peir Aui
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Siew Lai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan.,Flow Cytometry Center, Precision Instruments Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan.,Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Tung Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan.,Flow Cytometry Center, Precision Instruments Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan.,Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan
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29
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Miyata H, Itoh R, Sato F, Takebe N, Hada T, Tozaki T. Effect of Myostatin SNP on muscle fiber properties in male Thoroughbred horses during training period. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:639-646. [PMID: 29058242 PMCID: PMC10717627 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Variants of the Myostatin gene have been shown to have an influence on muscle hypertrophy phenotypes in a wide range of mammalian species. Recently, a Thoroughbred horse with a C-Allele at the g.66493737C/T single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been reported to be suited to short-distance racing. In this study, we examined the effect of the Myostatin SNP on muscle fiber properties in young Thoroughbred horses during a training period. To investigate the effect of the Myostatin SNP on muscle fiber before training, several mRNA expressions were relatively quantified in biopsy samples from the middle gluteal muscle of 27 untrained male Thoroughbred horses (1.5 years old) using real-time RT-PCR analysis. The remaining muscle samples were used for immunohistochemical analysis to determine the population and area of each fiber type. All measurements were revaluated in biopsy samples of the same horses after a 5-month period of conventional training. Although the expressions of Myostatin mRNA decreased in all SNP genotypes, a significant decrease was found in only the C/C genotype after training. While, expression of VEGFa, PGC1α, and SDHa mRNAs, which relate to the biogenesis of mitochondria and capillaries, was significantly higher (54-82%) in the T/T than the C/C genotypes after training. It is suggested that hypertrophy of muscle fiber is directly associated with a decrease in Myostatin mRNA expression in the C/C genotype, and that increased expressions of VEGFa, PGC1α, and SDHa in the T/T genotype might be indirectly caused by the Myostatin SNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Miyata
- Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
| | - Rika Itoh
- Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Fumio Sato
- Equine Breeding Science, Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, 535-13, Nishicha, Urakawa, Hokkaido, 057-0171, Japan
| | - Naoya Takebe
- Equine Breeding Science, Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, 535-13, Nishicha, Urakawa, Hokkaido, 057-0171, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hada
- Equine Breeding Science, Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, 535-13, Nishicha, Urakawa, Hokkaido, 057-0171, Japan
| | - Teruaki Tozaki
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2, Tsurutamachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0851, Japan
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30
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31
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Yamamoto M, Legendre NP, Biswas AA, Lawton A, Yamamoto S, Tajbakhsh S, Kardon G, Goldhamer DJ. Loss of MyoD and Myf5 in Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells Results in Altered Myogenic Programming and Failed Regeneration. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:956-969. [PMID: 29478898 PMCID: PMC5918368 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MyoD and Myf5 are fundamental regulators of skeletal muscle lineage determination in the embryo, and their expression is induced in satellite cells following muscle injury. MyoD and Myf5 are also expressed by satellite cell precursors developmentally, although the relative contribution of historical and injury-induced expression to satellite cell function is unknown. We show that satellite cells lacking both MyoD and Myf5 (double knockout [dKO]) are maintained with aging in uninjured muscle. However, injured muscle fails to regenerate and dKO satellite cell progeny accumulate in damaged muscle but do not undergo muscle differentiation. dKO satellite cell progeny continue to express markers of myoblast identity, although their myogenic programming is labile, as demonstrated by dramatic morphological changes and increased propensity for non-myogenic differentiation. These data demonstrate an absolute requirement for either MyoD or Myf5 in muscle regeneration and indicate that their expression after injury stabilizes myogenic identity and confers the capacity for muscle differentiation. MyoD or Myf5 expression in satellite cells is essential for muscle regeneration Satellite cells lacking both regulatory genes exhibit labile myogenic programming A single functional allele of either MyoD or Myf5 can support muscle regeneration Satellite cells lacking both MyoD and Myf5 are maintained with aging
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Nicholas P Legendre
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Arpita A Biswas
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alexander Lawton
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Shoko Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Institut Pasteur, Stem Cells & Development, CNRS URA 2578, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Gabrielle Kardon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - David J Goldhamer
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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32
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Asfour HA, Allouh MZ, Said RS. Myogenic regulatory factors: The orchestrators of myogenesis after 30 years of discovery. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:118-128. [PMID: 29307280 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217749494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal and postnatal myogenesis share many cellular and molecular aspects. Myogenic regulatory factors are basic Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factors that indispensably regulate both processes. These factors (Myf5, MyoD, Myogenin, and MRF4) function as an orchestrating cascade, with some overlapped actions. Prenatally, myogenic regulatory factors are restrictedly expressed in somite-derived myogenic progenitor cells and their derived myoblasts. Postnatally, myogenic regulatory factors are important in regulating the myogenesis process via satellite cells. Many positive and negative regulatory mechanisms exist either between myogenic regulatory factors themselves or between myogenic regulatory factors and other proteins. Upstream factors and signals are also involved in the control of myogenic regulatory factors expression within different prenatal and postnatal myogenic cells. Here, the authors have conducted a thorough and an up-to-date review of the myogenic regulatory factors since their discovery 30 years ago. This review discusses the myogenic regulatory factors structure, mechanism of action, and roles and regulations during prenatal and postnatal myogenesis. Impact statement Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) are key players in the process of myogenesis. Despite a considerable amount of literature regarding these factors, their exact mechanisms of actions are still incompletely understood with several overlapped functions. Herein, we revised what has hitherto been reported in the literature regarding MRF structures, molecular pathways that regulate their activities, and their roles during pre- and post-natal myogenesis. The work submitted in this review article is considered of great importance for researchers in the field of skeletal muscle formation and regeneration, as it provides a comprehensive summary of all the biological aspects of MRFs and advances a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating myogenesis. Indeed, attaining a better understanding of MRFs could be utilized in developing novel therapeutic protocols for multiple myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan A Asfour
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 37251 Jordan University of Science & Technology , Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Z Allouh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 37251 Jordan University of Science & Technology , Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Raed S Said
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 37251 Jordan University of Science & Technology , Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Năstase L, Cretoiu D, Stoicescu SM. Skeletal Muscle Damage in Intrauterine Growth Restriction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1088:93-106. [PMID: 30390249 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) represents a rate of fetal growth that is less than average for the population and the growth potential of a specific infant. IUGR produces infants who are small for gestational age (SGA) but also appropriate for gestational age (AGA). It refers to growth less than expected for gestational age and is most often under 10th percentiles for age. It develops during the late second and third trimesters of gestation. The etiology of IUGR is multifactorial. One of the most important factors which leads to IUGR is a decrease of nutrients and oxygen delivered to the fetus by the placenta. The growth of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle is limited by the declined fetal nutrient supply later in gestation. IUGR affects about 24% of babies born in developing countries. Worldwide, IUGR is the second cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality behind the premature birth and a major predisposing factor to metabolic disorders throughout postnatal life, even at adult age. Skeletal muscle represents about 35-40% of the body mass and plays an essential role in metabolic homeostasis, being responsible for 65% of fetal glucose consumption. A reduction in skeletal muscle growth characterizes IUGR fetuses compared to normal weight neonates. The decrease in muscle mass is not compensated after birth and persists until adulthood. This is a review of the literature, a neonatological, clinical point of view on the effects of IUGR on striated muscles. The available studies on this subject are currently the results of experimental research on animals, and information about the human fetus and newborn are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Năstase
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. .,Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for the Mother and Child Health, Polizu Maternity, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for the Mother and Child Health, Polizu Maternity, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Silvia Maria Stoicescu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for the Mother and Child Health, Polizu Maternity, Bucharest, Romania
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34
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Zammit PS. Function of the myogenic regulatory factors Myf5, MyoD, Myogenin and MRF4 in skeletal muscle, satellite cells and regenerative myogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:19-32. [PMID: 29127046 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of the myogenic regulatory factor family of transcription factors MYF5, MYOD, Myogenin and MRF4 was a seminal step in understanding specification of the skeletal muscle lineage and control of myogenic differentiation during development. These factors are also involved in specification of the muscle satellite cell lineage, which becomes the resident stem cell compartment inadult skeletal muscle. While MYF5, MYOD, Myogenin and MRF4 have subtle roles in mature muscle, they again play a crucial role in directing satellite cell function to regenerate skeletal muscle: linking the genetic control of developmental and regenerative myogenesis. Here, I review the role of the myogenic regulatory factors in developing and mature skeletal muscle, satellite cell specification and muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Zammit
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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Staufen1 inhibits MyoD translation to actively maintain muscle stem cell quiescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8996-E9005. [PMID: 29073096 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708725114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration depends on the timely activation of adult stem cells. In skeletal muscle, the adult stem cells maintain a quiescent state and proliferate upon injury. We show that muscle stem cells (MuSCs) use direct translational repression to maintain the quiescent state. High-resolution single-molecule and single-cell analyses demonstrate that quiescent MuSCs express high levels of Myogenic Differentiation 1 (MyoD) transcript in vivo, whereas MyoD protein is absent. RNA pulldowns and costainings show that MyoD mRNA interacts with Staufen1, a potent regulator of mRNA localization, translation, and stability. Staufen1 prevents MyoD translation through its interaction with the MyoD 3'-UTR. MuSCs from Staufen1 heterozygous (Staufen1+/-) mice have increased MyoD protein expression, exit quiescence, and begin proliferating. Conversely, blocking MyoD translation maintains the quiescent phenotype. Collectively, our data show that MuSCs express MyoD mRNA and actively repress its translation to remain quiescent yet primed for activation.
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36
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Roy SD, Williams VC, Pipalia TG, Li K, Hammond CL, Knappe S, Knight RD, Hughes SM. Myotome adaptability confers developmental robustness to somitic myogenesis in response to fibre number alteration. Dev Biol 2017; 431:321-335. [PMID: 28887016 PMCID: PMC5667637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Balancing the number of stem cells and their progeny is crucial for tissue development and repair. Here we examine how cell numbers and overall muscle size are tightly regulated during zebrafish somitic muscle development. Muscle stem/precursor cell (MPCs) expressing Pax7 are initially located in the dermomyotome (DM) external cell layer, adopt a highly stereotypical distribution and thereafter a proportion of MPCs migrate into the myotome. Regional variations in the proliferation and terminal differentiation of MPCs contribute to growth of the myotome. To probe the robustness of muscle size control and spatiotemporal regulation of MPCs, we compared the behaviour of wild type (wt) MPCs with those in mutant zebrafish that lack the muscle regulatory factor Myod. Myodfh261 mutants form one third fewer multinucleate fast muscle fibres than wt and show a significant expansion of the Pax7+ MPC population in the DM. Subsequently, myodfh261 mutant fibres generate more cytoplasm per nucleus, leading to recovery of muscle bulk. In addition, relative to wt siblings, there is an increased number of MPCs in myodfh261 mutants and these migrate prematurely into the myotome, differentiate and contribute to the hypertrophy of existing fibres. Thus, homeostatic reduction of the excess MPCs returns their number to normal levels, but fibre numbers remain low. The GSK3 antagonist BIO prevents MPC migration into the deep myotome, suggesting that canonical Wnt pathway activation maintains the DM in zebrafish, as in amniotes. BIO does not, however, block recovery of the myodfh261 mutant myotome, indicating that homeostasis acts on fibre intrinsic growth to maintain muscle bulk. The findings suggest the existence of a critical window for early fast fibre formation followed by a period in which homeostatic mechanisms regulate myotome growth by controlling fibre size. The feedback controls we reveal in muscle help explain the extremely precise grading of myotome size along the body axis irrespective of fish size, nutrition and genetic variation and may form a paradigm for wider matching of organ size. A critical window for early muscle fibre formation is proposed. Fish lacking MyoD1 form fewer muscle fibres, but have more myogenic stem cells. Stem cell numbers rapidly return to normal during subsequent development. GSK3 activity promotes and MyoD1 delays myoblast migration into the myotome. Compensatory fibre size increase ensures robustness of overall muscle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukolpa D Roy
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Victoria C Williams
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Tapan G Pipalia
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kuoyu Li
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Christina L Hammond
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Stefanie Knappe
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, UK
| | - Robert D Knight
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, UK
| | - Simon M Hughes
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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D'Souza RF, Bjørnsen T, Zeng N, Aasen KMM, Raastad T, Cameron-Smith D, Mitchell CJ. MicroRNAs in Muscle: Characterizing the Powerlifter Phenotype. Front Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28638346 PMCID: PMC5461344 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Powerlifters are the epitome of muscular adaptation and are able to generate extreme forces. The molecular mechanisms underpinning the significant capacity for force generation and hypertrophy are not fully elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRs) are short non-coding RNA sequences that control gene expression via promotion of transcript breakdown and/or translational inhibition. Differences in basal miR expression may partially account for phenotypic differences in muscle mass and function between powerlifters and untrained age-matched controls. Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis of 15 national level powerlifters (25.1 ± 5.8 years) and 13 untrained controls (24.1 ± 2.0 years). The powerlifters were stronger than the controls (isokinetic knee extension at 60°/s: 307.8 ± 51.6 Nm vs. 211.9 ± 41.9 Nm, respectively P < 0.001), and also had larger muscle fibers (type I CSA 9,122 ± 1,238 vs. 4,511 ± 798 μm2p < 0.001 and type II CSA 11,100 ± 1,656 vs. 5,468 ± 1,477 μm2p < 0.001). Of the 17 miRs species analyzed, 12 were differently expressed (p < 0.05) between groups with 7 being more abundant in powerlifters and five having lower expression. Established transcriptionally regulated miR downstream gene targets involved in muscle mass regulation, including myostatin and MyoD, were also differentially expressed between groups. Correlation analysis demonstrates the abundance of eight miRs was correlated to phenotype including peak strength, fiber size, satellite cell abundance, and fiber type regardless of grouping. The unique miR expression profiles between groups allow for categorization of individuals as either powerlifter or healthy controls based on a five miR signature (miR-126, -23b, -16, -23a, -15a) with considerable accuracy (100%). Thus, this unique miR expression may be important to the characterization of the powerlifter phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Bjørnsen
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of AgderKristiansand, Norway
| | - Nina Zeng
- Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Truls Raastad
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOslo, Norway
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38
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Deltex2 represses MyoD expression and inhibits myogenic differentiation by acting as a negative regulator of Jmjd1c. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3071-E3080. [PMID: 28351977 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613592114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The myogenic regulatory factor MyoD has been implicated as a key regulator of myogenesis, and yet there is little information regarding its upstream regulators. We found that Deltex2 inhibits myogenic differentiation in vitro, and that skeletal muscle stem cells from Deltex2 knockout mice exhibit precocious myogenic differentiation and accelerated regeneration in response to injury. Intriguingly, Deltex2 inhibits myogenesis by suppressing MyoD transcription, and the Deltex2 knockout phenotype can be rescued by a loss-of-function allele for MyoD In addition, we obtained evidence that Deltex2 regulates MyoD expression by promoting the enrichment of histone 3 modified by dimethylation at lysine 9 at a key regulatory region of the MyoD locus. The enrichment is attributed to a Deltex2 interacting protein, Jmjd1c, whose activity is directly inhibited by Deltex2 and whose expression is required for MyoD expression in vivo and in vitro. Finally, we find that Deltex2 causes Jmjd1c monoubiquitination and inhibits its demethylase activity. Mutation of the monoubiquitination site in Jmjd1c abolishes the inhibitory effect of Deltex2 on Jmjd1c demethylase activity. These results reveal a mechanism by which a member of the Deltex family of proteins can inhibit cellular differentiation, and demonstrate a role of Deltex in the epigenetic regulation of myogenesis.
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39
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Gonçalves TJ, Armand AS. Non-coding RNAs in skeletal muscle regeneration. Noncoding RNA Res 2017; 2:56-67. [PMID: 30159421 PMCID: PMC6096429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Following injury, skeletal muscles can regenerate from muscle specific stem cells, called satellite cells. Quiescent in uninjured muscles, satellite cells become activated, proliferate and differentiate into myotubes. Muscle regeneration occurs following distinct main overlapping phases, including inflammation, regeneration and maturation of the regenerated myofibers. Each step of muscle regeneration is orchestrated through complex signaling networks and gene regulatory networks, leading to the expression of specific set of genes in each concerned cell type. Apart from the well-established transcriptional mechanisms involving the myogenic regulatory factors of the MyoD family, increasing data indicate that each step of muscle regeneration is controlled by a wide range of non-coding RNAs. In this review, we discuss the role of two classes of non-coding RNAs (microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) in the inflammatory, regeneration and maturation steps of muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan J.M. Gonçalves
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Inserm, U1151, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS 61431, Paris, F-75014, France
- INSERM UMRS 1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, F-75270 Paris cedex 06, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Armand
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Inserm, U1151, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS 61431, Paris, F-75014, France
- INSERM UMRS 1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, F-75270 Paris cedex 06, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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40
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Tenente IM, Hayes MN, Ignatius MS, McCarthy K, Yohe M, Sindiri S, Gryder B, Oliveira ML, Ramakrishnan A, Tang Q, Chen EY, Petur Nielsen G, Khan J, Langenau DM. Myogenic regulatory transcription factors regulate growth in rhabdomyosarcoma. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28080960 PMCID: PMC5231408 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a pediatric malignacy of muscle with myogenic regulatory transcription factors MYOD and MYF5 being expressed in this disease. Consensus in the field has been that expression of these factors likely reflects the target cell of transformation rather than being required for continued tumor growth. Here, we used a transgenic zebrafish model to show that Myf5 is sufficient to confer tumor-propagating potential to RMS cells and caused tumors to initiate earlier and have higher penetrance. Analysis of human RMS revealed that MYF5 and MYOD are mutually-exclusively expressed and each is required for sustained tumor growth. ChIP-seq and mechanistic studies in human RMS uncovered that MYF5 and MYOD bind common DNA regulatory elements to alter transcription of genes that regulate muscle development and cell cycle progression. Our data support unappreciated and dominant oncogenic roles for MYF5 and MYOD convergence on common transcriptional targets to regulate human RMS growth. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19214.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Tenente
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States.,GABBA Program, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madeline N Hayes
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Myron S Ignatius
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States.,Molecular Medicine, Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, San Antonio, United States
| | - Karin McCarthy
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Marielle Yohe
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, United States
| | - Sivasish Sindiri
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, United States
| | - Berkley Gryder
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, United States
| | - Mariana L Oliveira
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ashwin Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Qin Tang
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Eleanor Y Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - G Petur Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Javed Khan
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, United States
| | - David M Langenau
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
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41
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Stuelsatz P, Keire P, Yablonka-Reuveni Z. Isolation, Culture, and Immunostaining of Skeletal Muscle Myofibers from Wildtype and Nestin-GFP Mice as a Means to Analyze Satellite Cell. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1556:51-102. [PMID: 28247345 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6771-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Multinucleated myofibers, the functional contractile units of adult skeletal muscle, harbor mononuclear Pax7+ myogenic progenitors on their surface between the myofiber basal lamina and plasmalemma. These progenitors, known as satellite cells, are the primary myogenic stem cells in adult muscle. This chapter describes our laboratory protocols for isolating, culturing, and immunostaining intact myofibers from mouse skeletal muscle as a means for studying satellite cell dynamics. The first protocol discusses myofiber isolation from the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle. These short myofibers are plated in dishes coated with PureCol collagen (formerly known as Vitrogen) and maintained in a mitogen-poor medium (± supplemental growth factors). Employing such conditions, satellite cells remain at the surface of the parent myofiber while synchronously undergoing a limited number of proliferative cycles and rapidly differentiate. The second protocol discusses the isolation of longer myofibers from the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. These EDL myofibers are routinely plated individually as adherent myofibers in wells coated with Matrigel and maintained in a mitogen-rich medium, conditions in which satellite cells migrate away from the parent myofiber, proliferate extensively, and generate numerous differentiating progeny. Alternatively, these EDL myofibers can be plated as non-adherent myofibers in uncoated wells and maintained in a mitogen-poor medium (± supplemental growth factors), conditions that retain satellite cell progeny at the myofiber niche similar to the FDB myofiber cultures. However, the adherent myofiber format is our preferred choice for monitoring satellite cells in freshly isolated (Time 0) myofibers. We conclude this chapter by promoting the Nestin-GFP transgenic mouse as an efficient tool for direct analysis of satellite cells in isolated myofibers. While satellite cells have been often detected by their expression of the Pax7 protein or the Myf5nLacZ knockin reporter (approaches that are also detailed herein), the Nestin-GFP reporter distinctively permits quantification of satellite cells in live myofibers, which enables linking initial Time 0 numbers and subsequent performance upon culturing. We additionally point out to the implementation of the Nestin-GFP transgene for monitoring other selective cell lineages as illustrated by GFP expression in capillaries, endothelial tubes and neuronal cells. Myofibers from other types of muscles, such as diaphragm, masseter, and extraocular, can also be isolated and analyzed using protocols described herein. Collectively, this chapter provides essential tools for studying satellite cells in their native position and their interplay with the parent myofiber.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Separation/methods
- Genes, Reporter
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Immunophenotyping/methods
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Nestin/genetics
- Nestin/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Primary Cell Culture
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/cytology
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/metabolism
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Stuelsatz
- Department of Biological Structure, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Health Sciences Building, Room G520, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357420, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Paul Keire
- Department of Biological Structure, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Health Sciences Building, Room G520, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357420, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni
- Department of Biological Structure, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Health Sciences Building, Room G520, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357420, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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42
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Carvajal Monroy PL, Grefte S, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Von den Hoff JW, Wagener FADTG. Neonatal Satellite Cells Form Small Myotubes In Vitro. J Dent Res 2016; 96:331-338. [PMID: 27856964 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516679136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although palatal muscle reconstruction in patients with cleft palate takes place during early childhood, normal speech development is often not achieved. We hypothesized that the intrinsic properties of head satellite cells (SCs) and the young age of these patients contribute to the poor muscle regeneration after surgery. First, we studied the fiber type distribution and the expression of SC markers in ex vivo muscle tissue from head (branchiomeric) and limb (somite-derived) muscles from neonatal (2-wk-old) and young (9-wk-old) rats. Next, we cultured SCs isolated from these muscles for 5, 7, and 9 d, and investigated the in vitro expression of SC markers, as well as changes in proliferation, early differentiation, and fusion index (myotube formation) in these cells. In our ex vivo samples, we found that virtually all myofibers in both the masseter (Mass) and the levator veli palatini (LVP) muscles contained fast myosin heavy chain (MyHC), and a small percentage of digastric (Dig) and extensor digitorum longus myofibers also contained slow MyHC. This was independent of age. More SCs were found in muscles from neonatal rats as compared with young rats [17.6 (3.8%) v. 2.3 (1.6%); P < 0.0001]. In vitro, young branchiomeric head muscle (BrHM) SCs proliferated longer and differentiated later than limb muscle SCs. No differences were found between SC cultures from the different BrHMs. SC cultures from neonatal muscles showed a much higher proliferation index than those from young animals at 5 d (0.8 v. 0.2; P < 0.001). In contrast, the fusion index in neonate SCs was about twice as low as that in SCs from young muscles at 9 d [27.6 (1.4) v. 62.8 (10.2), P < 0.0001]. In conclusion, SCs from BrHM differ from limb muscles especially in their delayed differentiation. SCs from neonatal muscles form myotubes less efficiently than those from young muscles. These age-dependent differences in stem cell properties urge careful consideration for future clinical applications in patients with cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Carvajal Monroy
- 1 Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S Grefte
- 2 Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A M Kuijpers-Jagtman
- 1 Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J W Von den Hoff
- 1 Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - F A D T G Wagener
- 1 Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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43
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Zhu H, Xiao F, Wang G, Wei X, Jiang L, Chen Y, Zhu L, Wang H, Diao Y, Wang H, Ip N, Cheung T, Wu Z. STAT3 Regulates Self-Renewal of Adult Muscle Satellite Cells during Injury-Induced Muscle Regeneration. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2102-2115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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44
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Rai M, Katti P, Nongthomba U. Spatio-temporal coordination of cell cycle exit, fusion and differentiation of adult muscle precursors by Drosophila Erect wing (Ewg). Mech Dev 2016; 141:109-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Conerly ML, Yao Z, Zhong JW, Groudine M, Tapscott SJ. Distinct Activities of Myf5 and MyoD Indicate Separate Roles in Skeletal Muscle Lineage Specification and Differentiation. Dev Cell 2016; 36:375-85. [PMID: 26906734 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Most transcription factor families contain highly related paralogs generated by gene duplication, and functional divergence is generally accomplished by activation of distinct sets of genes by each member. Here we compare the molecular functions of Myf5 and MyoD, two highly related bHLH transcription factors that regulate skeletal muscle specification and differentiation. We find that MyoD and Myf5 bind the same sites genome-wide but have distinct functions: Myf5 induces histone acetylation without Pol II recruitment or robust gene activation, whereas MyoD induces histone acetylation, recruits Pol II, and robustly activates gene transcription. Therefore, the initial specification of the muscle lineage by Myf5 occurs without significant induction of gene transcription. Transcription of the skeletal muscle program is then achieved by the subsequent expression of MyoD, which binds to the same sites as Myf5, indicating that each factor regulates distinct steps in gene initiation and transcription at a shared set of binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Conerly
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Basic Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Brain Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jun Wen Zhong
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mark Groudine
- Basic Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Stephen J Tapscott
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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46
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Powell D, Velleman S, Cowieson A, Singh M, Muir W. Influence of chick hatch time and access to feed on broiler muscle development. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1433-48. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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47
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Exenatide reverses dysregulated microRNAs in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Obes Res Clin Pract 2016; 10:315-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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48
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Almada AE, Wagers AJ. Molecular circuitry of stem cell fate in skeletal muscle regeneration, ageing and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:267-79. [PMID: 26956195 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Satellite cells are adult myogenic stem cells that repair damaged muscle. The enduring capacity for muscle regeneration requires efficient satellite cell expansion after injury, their differentiation to produce myoblasts that can reconstitute damaged fibres and their self-renewal to replenish the muscle stem cell pool for subsequent rounds of injury and repair. Emerging studies indicate that misregulation of satellite cell fate and function can contribute to age-associated muscle dysfunction and influence the severity of muscle diseases, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). It has also become apparent that satellite cell fate during muscle regeneration and ageing, and in the context of DMD, is governed by an intricate network of intrinsic and extrinsic regulators. Targeted manipulation of this network may offer unique opportunities for muscle regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert E Almada
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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49
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Khor SC, Razak AM, Wan Ngah WZ, Mohd Yusof YA, Abdul Karim N, Makpol S. The Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Is Superior to Tocopherol in Promoting Myogenic Differentiation in the Prevention of Replicative Senescence of Myoblasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149265. [PMID: 26885980 PMCID: PMC4757569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging results in a loss of muscle mass and strength. Myoblasts play an important role in maintaining muscle mass through regenerative processes, which are impaired during aging. Vitamin E potentially ameliorates age-related phenotypes. Hence, this study aimed to determine the effects of the tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) and α-tocopherol (ATF) in protecting myoblasts from replicative senescence and promoting myogenic differentiation. Primary human myoblasts were cultured into young and senescent stages and were then treated with TRF or ATF for 24 h, followed by an analysis of cell proliferation, senescence biomarkers, cellular morphology and differentiation. Our data showed that replicative senescence impaired the normal regenerative processes of myoblasts, resulting in changes in cellular morphology, cell proliferation, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) expression, myogenic differentiation and myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) expression. Treatment with both TRF and ATF was beneficial to senescent myoblasts in reclaiming the morphology of young cells, improved cell viability and decreased SA-β-gal expression. However, only TRF treatment increased BrdU incorporation in senescent myoblasts, as well as promoted myogenic differentiation through the modulation of MRFs at the mRNA and protein levels. MYOD1 and MYOG gene expression and myogenin protein expression were modulated in the early phases of myogenic differentiation. In conclusion, the tocotrienol-rich fraction is superior to α-tocopherol in ameliorating replicative senescence-related aberration and promoting differentiation via modulation of MRFs expression, indicating vitamin E potential in modulating replicative senescence of myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shy Cian Khor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azraul Mumtazah Razak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yasmin Anum Mohd Yusof
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norwahidah Abdul Karim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Milanesi A, Lee JW, Kim NH, Liu YY, Yang A, Sedrakyan S, Kahng A, Cervantes V, Tripuraneni N, Cheng SY, Perin L, Brent GA. Thyroid Hormone Receptor α Plays an Essential Role in Male Skeletal Muscle Myoblast Proliferation, Differentiation, and Response to Injury. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4-15. [PMID: 26451739 PMCID: PMC4701883 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone plays an essential role in myogenesis, the process required for skeletal muscle development and repair, although the mechanisms have not been established. Skeletal muscle develops from the fusion of precursor myoblasts into myofibers. We have used the C2C12 skeletal muscle myoblast cell line, primary myoblasts, and mouse models of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) α and β, to determine the role of thyroid hormone in the regulation of myoblast differentiation. T3, which activates thyroid hormone receptor (TR) α and β, increased myoblast differentiation whereas GC1, a selective TRβ agonist, was minimally effective. Genetic approaches confirmed that TRα plays an important role in normal myoblast proliferation and differentiation and acts through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Myoblasts with TRα knockdown, or derived from RTH-TRα PV (a frame-shift mutation) mice, displayed reduced proliferation and myogenic differentiation. Moreover, skeletal muscle from the TRα1PV mutant mouse had impaired in vivo regeneration after injury. RTH-TRβ PV mutant mouse model skeletal muscle and derived primary myoblasts did not have altered proliferation, myogenic differentiation, or response to injury when compared with control. In conclusion, TRα plays an essential role in myoblast homeostasis and provides a potential therapeutic target to enhance skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Milanesi
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jang-Won Lee
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Nam-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Yan-Yun Liu
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - An Yang
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sargis Sedrakyan
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Andrew Kahng
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Vanessa Cervantes
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Nikita Tripuraneni
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sheue-yann Cheng
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Laura Perin
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Gregory A Brent
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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